CN105871325B - A kind of local shades block the feedforward MPPT control method that lower raising photovoltaic optimizer is regulated the speed with the degree of accuracy - Google Patents

A kind of local shades block the feedforward MPPT control method that lower raising photovoltaic optimizer is regulated the speed with the degree of accuracy Download PDF

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CN105871325B
CN105871325B CN201610362982.8A CN201610362982A CN105871325B CN 105871325 B CN105871325 B CN 105871325B CN 201610362982 A CN201610362982 A CN 201610362982A CN 105871325 B CN105871325 B CN 105871325B
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photovoltaic
mppt
optimizer
feedforward
output voltage
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CN105871325A (en
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朱越
杜进
王志鹍
吴建德
何湘宁
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30Electrical components
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H02J3/385
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

The feedforward MPPT control method that lower raising photovoltaic optimizer is regulated the speed with the degree of accuracy is blocked the invention discloses a kind of local shades, when having component in photovoltaic array by shadow occlusion, the optimizer that the component is connected is carried out after MPPT adjustment, the procedure parameter and result parameter of adjustment are transferred to remaining and are temporarily not affected by the photovoltaic optimizer that blocks, it is used as feed-forward signal, adjustment link is added when being blocked for it, so as to quickly and accurately be adjusted to maximum power point (mpp).The present invention improves generating efficiency of the photovoltaic generating system under the conditions of complex illumination, simple to operate, need not additionally be connected up and HardwareUpgring in the system for having realized optimizer communication, it is only necessary to software upgrading, using convenient with later maintenance.

Description

A kind of local shades block it is lower raising photovoltaic optimizer regulate the speed with before the degree of accuracy Present MPPT control method
Technical field
The invention belongs to photovoltaic generation and Internet of Things communication technical field, and in particular to a kind of local shades block lower raising The feedforward MPPT control method that photovoltaic optimizer is regulated the speed with the degree of accuracy.
Background technology
When there are local shades to solve one or more of photovoltaic generating system photovoltaic module and block, each photovoltaic group Characteristic mismatch between part will cause the problem of system output power is remarkably decreased, and the method for more maturation is by each light at present The output of component is lied prostrate through power optimization device (Power Optimizer) or module integrated converter (Module Integrated Converter, MIC) carry out after distributed MPPT maximum power point tracking (DMPPT), then output of connecting.Photovoltaic optimizer is a kind of DC/DC equipment, it is internal to perform MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, can be in one or more of a string of photovoltaic modulies Component makes its corresponding photovoltaic module keep maximum work under uneven illumination or component aging caused characteristic curve mismatch condition Rate is exported.Photovoltaic module and its connected photovoltaic optimizer are considered as a photovoltaic cells, it will be seen from figure 1 that compared to independent Photovoltaic module, photovoltaic cells can work in maximum power point in very wide voltage output range.
By taking BUCK type photovoltaic optimizers as an example, circuit topology and controlling unit as shown in Fig. 2 photovoltaic optimizer control by Voltage control loop and MPPT control rings are collectively formed.In order that photovoltaic module has bigger power transmission, photovoltaic optimizer is necessary The power output of real-time detection components, to adjust the operating point of photovoltaic module in time, is allowed to always work in maximum power point attached Closely, that is, MPPT maximum power point tracking MPPT is carried out.The conventional MPPT control technologies of optimizer have:Constant voltage control, perturbation observation method, Conductance increment method and double mode MPPT control technologies.
The most frequently used for perturbation observation method in MPPT control technologies, its control process is:First one photovoltaic module work of preliminary design Make voltage, then periodically disturbed to photovoltaic array output voltage by adjusting the dutycycle of power switch pipe, for example, make it Increase, then compares the power output of photovoltaic before and after disturbance, if therefore power output increases, illustrates that photovoltaic works in maximum work The left side of rate point, then should continue to keep current perturbation direction in next disturbance cycle, increase the output voltage of photovoltaic module;Instead If power output reduce, illustrate that photovoltaic works in the right side of maximum power point, current perturbation direction makes operating point away from most It is high-power, so perturbation direction should be changed, reduce photovoltaic module output voltage.By adjustment repeatedly, finally make photovoltaic Maximum power point is approached in the operating point of component.
Needing repeatedly to increase or reduce output voltage using perturbation observation method makes the operating point of component approach peak power Point compares, it is necessary to carry out multiple power calculation, and operand is big, and operation time is long, therefore photovoltaic optimizer enters to photovoltaic module There is speed relatively slow, not accurate enough shortcoming when adjusting in row MPPT.Experiment is found, when photovoltaic module is by shadow occlusion, photovoltaic The output voltage and power output of component can drastically decline;But almost simultaneously as the adjustment of Voltage loop, optimizer output voltage Voltage before being promoted to rapidly;Under the adjustment of MPPT rings, voltage slowly decline again until under the conditions of current light most High-power output voltage;When illumination restoration, process is similar therewith, as shown in Figure 3.It can thus be seen that in a dynamic condition, MPPT processes influence whether MPPT average efficiencys, regulate the speed slower, and average MPPT efficiency is lower.
The content of the invention
Based on above-mentioned, block lower raising photovoltaic optimizer the invention provides a kind of local shades and regulate the speed and the degree of accuracy Feedforward MPPT control method, between photovoltaic optimizer realize communicate under conditions of, at first by the excellent of shadow occlusion MPPT adjusting parameters can be transferred to by change device as feed-forward signal will receive the optimizer of same shadow occlusion, by preceding MPPT adjustment is presented, the MPPT adjustment of other optimizers will be more accurate, rapid.
A kind of local shades block the feedforward MPPT control method that lower raising photovoltaic optimizer is regulated the speed with the degree of accuracy, such as Under:
When shadow occlusion starts influence photovoltaic array, make first in photovoltaic array by the photovoltaic module that influences is blocked to be passed through Its connected photovoltaic optimizer carries out MPPT regulation controls, so that by output voltage stabilization in maximum power point under obstruction conditions On;
And then corresponding adjustment information is sent to the photovoltaic optimizer of remaining in photovoltaic array, and conduct by the photovoltaic optimizer The feed-forward signal of these photovoltaic optimizers;
When in following photovoltaic array other photovoltaic modulies blocked successively influence when, these photovoltaic modulies pass through respective institute Photovoltaic optimizer even carries out MPPT regulations according to described feed-forward signal and controlled, quickly by output voltage stabilization in peak power Point on.
Described adjustment information includes:The output voltage values after moment decline are influenceed by blocking, after MPPT regulation controls Stable output voltage values under obstruction conditions on maximum power point, by block the moment that disappears rise after output voltage values, light Lie prostrate in the input/output voltage ratio and MPPT regulation control process of optimizer on PID (proportional-integral-differential) and MPPT parameter value.
For, successively by any photovoltaic module influenceed is blocked, it passes through connected photovoltaic first in following photovoltaic array Optimizer is according to input voltage VpvWith input current IpvMPPT regulations are carried out, so that it is maximum to calculate the correspondence under obstruction conditions Output voltage values V on power pointsref;Then according to described feed-forward signal by first by blocking the photovoltaic module influenceed through light Lie prostrate the stable output voltage values V under obstruction conditions on maximum power point after optimizer MPPT regulation controls1Subtract output voltage Value VrefObtain voltage error Δ V;Finally by Vref+ΔV-VpvResult obtain dutycycle d through PID regulations, and then pass through PWM (pulse width modulation) technology generates control signal to carry out switch control to the switching tube in photovoltaic optimizer.
Described photovoltaic array is composed in parallel by multigroup photovoltaic queue, and every group of photovoltaic queue is by multiple photovoltaic cells series connection groups Into each photovoltaic cells are made up of a photovoltaic module and photovoltaic optimizer connection.
Photovoltaic optimizer in the photovoltaic array has the function being in communication with each other, and the implementation of the communication is included solely Vertical wiring communication, power line carrier communication and radio communication.
Described photovoltaic optimizer includes input capacitance Cpv, switching tube S, diode D, inductance L, output capacitance CoAnd control Device processed;Wherein, input capacitance CpvPositive pole be connected with switching tube S one end and the positive pole of photovoltaic module, switching tube S's is another End is connected with diode D negative electrode and inductance L one end, inductance the L other end and output capacitance CoPositive pole be connected, input Electric capacity CpvNegative pole and diode D anode, output capacitance CoNegative pole and the negative pole of photovoltaic module connect altogether, switching tube S's Control pole connects the control signal of controller offer, output capacitance CoBoth end voltage is described output voltage.
Described controller is integrated with MPPT modules, PID modules and PWM module.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is simplified perturbation observation method and is carried out MPPT regulations using feedforward MPPT control method Process, eliminate the process that output voltage gradually approaches maximum power point voltage, shorten adjustment time, improve adjustment essence Degree, can effectively improve the photovoltaic module speed that optimizer MPPT is adjusted under the conditions of dynamic barriers and the degree of accuracy, improve light Lie prostrate generating efficiency.In addition, the present invention is simple to operate, need not additionally it be connected up and HardwareUpgring in the system for realized communication, Only need to software upgrading, using convenient with later maintenance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the power output and voltage curve of photovoltaic module.
Fig. 1 (b) is the power output and voltage curve of photovoltaic cells.
Fig. 2 is the circuit topology and control strategy schematic diagram of BUCK type photovoltaic optimizers.
Fig. 3 is the voltage-regulation and power adjusting mistake of optimizer during photovoltaic module is disappeared by shadow occlusion and shade Cheng Tu.
Fig. 4 is the simplified model schematic diagram of shadow occlusion process photovoltaic array.
Fig. 5 is photovoltaic module PV during photovoltaic module is disappeared by shadow occlusion and shade12And PV14Voltage and work( Rate adjusts process schematic.
The photovoltaic optimizer control strategy schematic diagram that Fig. 6 is adjusted for addition feedforward MPPT.
Fig. 7 be dynamic shadow obstruction conditions under have feedforward MPPT adjustment and without feedforward adjustment photovoltaic optimizer average efficiency Contrast schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 be dynamic shadow obstruction conditions under have feedforward MPPT adjustment and without feedforward adjustment photovoltaic optimizer adjust duration Contrast schematic diagram.
Embodiment
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment is to technical scheme It is described in detail.
The control of photovoltaic optimizer is collectively formed by Voltage loop adjustment and the adjustment of MPPT rings.When photovoltaic module is by shadow occlusion When, the output voltage and power output of photovoltaic module first can drastically decline.But almost simultaneously as the adjustment of Voltage loop, light Voltage before volt optimizer output voltage can be promoted to rapidly.Then under the adjustment of MPPT rings, voltage slowly declines straight again Extremely to maximum power output voltage under the conditions of current light.When illumination restoration, process is similar therewith.
Photovoltaic optimizer is by certain communication mode in the present invention, the procedure parameter adjusted and regulation result parameter Remaining is transferred to temporarily not by the photovoltaic optimizer of shadow effect, is used as the feedforward adjusting parameter of remaining photovoltaic optimizer.Connecing In the time got off, when remaining photovoltaic optimizer is by shadow occlusion, the shade and foregoing photovoltaic optimizer of influence are such as judged The shade run into is same or similar, then can rapidly and accurately be adjusted to the position of maximum power output using the adjusting parameter that feedovers.
The present invention is applied to the feedforward MPPT control method of photovoltaic optimizer, and detailed process is as follows:
(1) when shade starts to influence the first component in photovoltaic array, the component connects photovoltaic optimizer and carries out MPPT Regulation, the final stable maximum power point (mpp) (MPP) under the obstruction conditions.
(2) the photovoltaic optimizer by certain communication mode will be impacted under the conditions of adjusting parameter to pass to remaining temporary The photovoltaic optimizer that Shi Wei is blocked, is used as the feed-forward signal of remaining photovoltaic optimizer.
Adjusting parameter includes:The value declined by the shadow occlusion transient voltage, blocks disappearance transient voltage rising value, Magnitude of voltage finally stable, photovoltaic optimizer input and output voltage ratio, institute during blocking the time and blocking after MPPT regulations Carry out the parameter value that PID regulations and MPPT are adjusted.
(3) when not started to be affected by the photovoltaic module of shadow effect, it connects photovoltaic optimizer and judges to block bar MPPT regulations are carried out using feed-forward signal during MPPT adjustment after part, fast and stable is in maximum power point (mpp).
Simplify shadow occlusion model, make PVMNRepresent the component of photovoltaic array M rows N row, POMNRepresent the light of M rows N row Lie prostrate optimizer.To simplify dynamic shadow obstruction conditions, the process of cloud cover photovoltaic array is divided into several periods.As schemed Shown in 4 and Fig. 5, PV12It is the component for being moved sky cloud effect at first, is blocked rear voltage and drops quickly to V1, in Voltage loop Adjustment under, voltage is returned to V again0, MPPT adjustment is then carried out, finally in V2Maximum power output is realized under voltage.Now, PV12By PSDM control strategies, by voltage drop point V1With the final voltage V of MPP2It is transferred to remaining and is likely to be received same shade Photovoltaic optimizer.Work as PV14When running into the decline of shade voltage, it can judge to decline whether the voltage of moment is V1.If V1, then Illustrate PV14It has received and PV12Identical shadow occlusion, then directly can be set to V by Voltage Reference2.Method, PV according to this14Will Rapidly and precisely work in maximum power point.PV14Controlling unit using feedforward MPPT adjustment is as shown in Figure 6.
Photovoltaic optimizer used in present embodiment includes DC-DC converter, signal sampling and modulate circuit, digital control Device and drive circuit, DC-DC converter are used to enter line translation to the output voltage of photovoltaic module, to reach maximum power output. Preferable photovoltaic optimizer is only just started working under the conditions of local shades, makes each photovoltaic by voltage adjustment and MPPT adjustment Component can be operated in maximum power point;And when uniform illumination and consistent photovoltaic property, photovoltaic optimizer is then stopped, Avoid influenceing photovoltaic efficiency.
Case verification:Assuming that under shadow occlusion, power loss is 50%.Photovoltaic optimizer is used into feedforward MPPT controls Method and average MPPT efficiency when not in use are contrasted, as shown in Figure 7.Photovoltaic module is blocked and cancels screening simultaneously Gear, it was observed that having used the regulating time of the photovoltaic optimizer of feedforward MPPT control method very short, without using feedforward MPPT The photovoltaic optimizer regulating time of control method is very long, and experimental waveform is as shown in Figure 8.As can be seen here, using present invention feedforward MPPT control method so that photovoltaic optimizer is obtained for certain lifting to the speed of MPPT maximum power point tracking and the degree of accuracy.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is understood that for ease of those skilled in the art and using this hair It is bright.Person skilled in the art obviously can easily make various modifications to above-described embodiment, and described herein General Principle is applied in other embodiment without passing through performing creative labour.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, Those skilled in the art are according to the announcement of the present invention, and the improvement made for the present invention and modification all should be in protections of the invention Within the scope of.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of local shades block the feedforward MPPT control method that lower raising photovoltaic optimizer is regulated the speed with the degree of accuracy, it is special Levy and be:
When shadow occlusion starts influence photovoltaic array, make first in photovoltaic array to be passed through its institute by the photovoltaic module that influences is blocked Photovoltaic optimizer even carries out MPPT regulation controls, so that under obstruction conditions by output voltage stabilization on maximum power point; MPPT represents MPPT maximum power point tracking;
And then corresponding adjustment information is sent to the photovoltaic optimizer of remaining in photovoltaic array by the photovoltaic optimizer, and it is used as these The feed-forward signal of photovoltaic optimizer;
When in following photovoltaic array other photovoltaic modulies blocked successively influence when, these photovoltaic modulies pass through each it is connected Photovoltaic optimizer carries out MPPT regulations according to described feed-forward signal and controlled, quickly by output voltage stabilization in maximum power point On.
2. feedforward MPPT control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described adjustment information includes:Hidden Keep off the output voltage values after influence moment decline, stabilization is defeated on maximum power point under obstruction conditions after MPPT regulation controls Go out magnitude of voltage, by block disappear moment rise after output voltage values, the input/output voltage ratio of photovoltaic optimizer and Parameter value in MPPT regulation control process on PID and MPPT;PID represents proportional-integral-differential.
3. feedforward MPPT control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:For in following photovoltaic array successively By any photovoltaic module influenceed is blocked, it is first by connected photovoltaic optimizer according to input voltage VpvAnd input current IpvMPPT regulations are carried out, so as to calculate the output voltage values V under obstruction conditions on correspondence maximum power pointref;Then basis Described feed-forward signal is being blocked first by the photovoltaic module influenceed stabilization after photovoltaic optimizer MPPT regulation controls is blocked Under the conditions of output voltage values V on maximum power point1Subtract output voltage values VrefObtain voltage error Δ V;Finally by Vref+Δ V-VpvResult obtain dutycycle d through PID regulations, and then control signal is generated with photovoltaic optimizer by PWM technologies Switching tube carries out switch control;PWM represents pulse width modulation.
4. feedforward MPPT control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described photovoltaic array is by multigroup photovoltaic Queue is composed in parallel, and every group of photovoltaic queue is composed in series by multiple photovoltaic cells, and each photovoltaic cells are by a photovoltaic module and one Photovoltaic optimizer connection composition.
5. feedforward MPPT control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Photovoltaic optimization in the photovoltaic array Utensil has a function being in communication with each other, and the implementation of the communication includes separate cabling communication, power line carrier communication and wireless Communication.
6. feedforward MPPT control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described photovoltaic optimizer includes input Electric capacity Cpv, switching tube S, diode D, inductance L, output capacitance CoAnd controller;Wherein, input capacitance CpvPositive pole and switch Pipe S one end and the positive pole of photovoltaic module are connected, one end of the switching tube S other end and diode D negative electrode and inductance L It is connected, inductance the L other end and output capacitance CoPositive pole be connected, input capacitance CpvNegative pole and diode D anode, output Electric capacity CoNegative pole and the negative pole of photovoltaic module connect altogether, switching tube S control pole connects the control signal of controller offer, output Electric capacity CoBoth end voltage is described output voltage.
7. feedforward MPPT control method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:Described controller is integrated with MPPT moulds Block, PID modules and PWM module.
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