CN105871324A - Independent MPPT tracking method for multi-branch input photovoltaic inverter system - Google Patents
Independent MPPT tracking method for multi-branch input photovoltaic inverter system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention relates to an independent MPPT tracking method for a multi-branch input photovoltaic inverter system. A photovoltaic input branch with the highest voltage set value is selected from the photovoltaic input branches; MPPT tracking on the photovoltaic input branch with the highest voltage set value is carried out by a post-stage inverter circuit; and then the MPPT tracking on the rest photovoltaic input branches is carried out by Boost circuits separately, so that each photovoltaic input branch can work at the highest power point, and the maximum utilization of the photovoltaic system is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for independently controlling of multichannel input photovoltaic inverting system, particularly a kind of multichannel input photovoltaic is inverse
The independent MPPT tracking of change system.
Background technology
Along with the extensive application of solar energy, the utilization rate for photovoltaic polar plate power requires more and more higher.Existing photovoltaic
Application, is typically arranged with multiple photovoltaic polar plate, whole photovoltaic polar plates as a road photovoltaic input, use same maximum power point with
Track, realizes grid-connected inverters by one-level or two-stage circuit.If the different from those of different photovoltaic polar plates is basically identical, daylighting is adjusted
When saving the most close, the maximum power point voltage deviation on each road is little, using whole photovoltaic polar plates as the input of same road or with same
Individual maximum power point voltage is tracked, and the impact on the output of photovoltaic system is little, and whole efficiency is of a relatively high.But
In actual application, often due to the parameter such as intensity of illumination, angle and degree of aging there are differences between different photovoltaic polar plates,
The maximum power point voltage of the most different photovoltaic polar plates is different, if the most still by whole photovoltaic polar plates with same road
Or same maximum power point voltage is tracked, MPPT will certainly be caused to follow the tracks of inefficient situation.In order to realize photovoltaic
The maximization of output, it is desirable to photovoltaic input branch road in each road can work alone, and each have independent MPPT control.
For single channel two-stage photovoltaic parallel in system, general control method is when photovoltaic MPPT floating voltage is given less than inverse
During the minimum bus voltage of change demand, carry out boosting by Boost circuit and ensure that inversion waveform is undistorted.When photovoltaic is higher than this
Do not carry out Boost circuit boosting and turn bypass during minimum inversion demand busbar voltage, rear class inverter circuit carry out
MPPT follows the tracks of.According to above-mentioned control method, when photovoltaic input pull-down voltage gives timing less than busbar voltage, gamut by
Boost circuit carries out MPPT tracking；When photovoltaic input pull-down voltage is higher than busbar voltage is given and photovoltaic input voltage gives low
Give timing in minimum bus voltage, when voltage is relatively low, carried out MPPT tracking by Boost circuit work, Boost electricity when voltage is higher
Not boosting and turn bypass in road, rear class inverter circuit carries out MPPT tracking；When photovoltaic input pull-down voltage and photovoltaic input voltage are given
The given busbar voltage that is above of fixed and photovoltaic input voltage is to timing, and gamut Boost circuit is not boosted, and to turn bypass inverse by rear class
Power transformation road carries out MPPT tracking, uses above-mentioned control method can realize single channel two-stage photovoltaic parallel in system different situations FR
MPPT follows the tracks of.
For multichannel two-stage photovoltaic parallel in system, enter by Boost circuit when each photovoltaic input branch voltage is the most relatively low
When row MPPT follows the tracks of, or have and the Boost circuit of an only road photovoltaic input branch road does not boost by-passing by rear class inverter circuit
When carrying out MPPT tracking, control method as above can be continued to use；But when occur two-way or multichannel photovoltaic input branch road need by
When rear class inverter circuit carries out MPPT tracking, if continuing to use control method as above, some road photovoltaic input branch road certainly will be there is
Operating point deviation oneself maximum power point probability farther out, it is impossible to normally trace into the MPPT of each road photovoltaic input branch road
Voltage.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the independent MPPT control method of a kind of multichannel input photovoltaic inverting system, to overcome
Maximum power point voltage between multichannel input photovoltaic inverting system present in prior art, and each road photovoltaic input branch road is inclined
The problem that difference is bigger.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme is that the independent MPPT of a kind of multichannel input photovoltaic inverting system
Tracking, it is provided that a multichannel input photovoltaic inverting system, this multichannel input photovoltaic inverting system includes: the input of n road photovoltaic
Road and an inverter circuit；Described photovoltaic input branch road includes photovoltaic panel group string and the Boost circuit being sequentially connected；N road
Boost circuit outfan same polarity is in parallel, and is connected to the direct-flow input end of described inverter circuit, the exchange of described inverter circuit
Outfan is connected to load or electrical network；Described MPPT tracking realizes in accordance with the following steps:
Step S1: obtain MPPT floating voltage set-point Upvref1, the Upvref2 to Upvrefn of every road photovoltaic input branch road
In voltage give maximum Upvrefmax, wherein, n is the integer more than 1；
Step S2: judge that described voltage gives whether maximum Upvrefmax is more than predeterminated voltage reference value Uref, if it is not, then
Control every road Boost circuit to boost, photovoltaic input branch road is carried out MPPT tracking；Otherwise, the given maximum of the most described voltage
The Boost circuit of the photovoltaic input branch road that value Upvrefmax is corresponding is not boosted, and makes by-path turn-on, and controls described inversion
This photovoltaic input branch road MPPT is followed the tracks of by circuit, in addition to this photovoltaic input branch road, controls every road Boost circuit and boosts, right
Photovoltaic input branch road carries out MPPT tracking.
Compared to prior art, the method have the advantages that a kind of multichannel input photovoltaic proposed by the invention
The independent MPPT control method of inversion system, by selecting the given maximum photovoltaic input of voltage in the photovoltaic input branch road of each road
Route rear class inverter circuit completes MPPT and follows the tracks of, and remaining each road photovoltaic input branch road is completed this road photovoltaic by Boost circuit respectively
The MPPT of input branch road follows the tracks of, and then realizes each road photovoltaic input branch road and be all operated in maximum power point, improves photovoltaic system
Efficiency maximally utilize.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the multichannel input photovoltaic inverting system structure chart of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the MPPT floating voltage of embodiment of the present invention acquisition each photovoltaic input branch road gives Upvref1,
Voltage in Upvref2, Upvrefn gives the flow chart of maximum Upvrefmax.
Fig. 3 is the side of implementing that embodiment of the present invention Boost circuit realizes that the MPPT of corresponding photovoltaic input branch road follows the tracks of
Method schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is that embodiment of the present invention inverter circuit realizes described inverter circuit output electric current with line voltage with frequency homophase
Concrete methods of realizing schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the electrical connection diagram of two-way input photovoltaic inverting system in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 (a) is that in the embodiment of the present invention one, two-way photovoltaic inputs the voltage of branch road to stable condition.
Fig. 6 (b) is that in the embodiment of the present invention two, two-way photovoltaic inputs the voltage of branch road to stable condition.
Fig. 6 (c) is that in the embodiment of the present invention three, two-way photovoltaic inputs the voltage of branch road to stable condition.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, technical scheme is specifically described.
The independent MPPT tracking of a kind of multichannel of present invention input photovoltaic inverting system, multichannel input photovoltaic inverting system
As it is shown in figure 1, include separate n road photovoltaic input branch road and an inverter circuit；Each photovoltaic input branch road includes one
Boost circuit, and the photovoltaic panel group string of the input electrical connection with Boost circuit；All the outfan of Boost circuit is same
Polarity parallel coupled electrical connects the direct-flow input end of inverter circuit, and the ac output end of inverter circuit connects load or electrical network.Wherein,
When photovoltaic input voltage is relatively low, photovoltaic input voltage is boosted to busbar voltage reference value and realizes MPPT simultaneously by Boost circuit
Follow the tracks of；When photovoltaic input voltage is higher, Boost circuit is made to close, it is achieved by photovoltaic input voltage by-path turn-on.Inverter circuit
The MPPT of the photovoltaic input branch road realizing Boost circuit by-path turn-on follows the tracks of, realize simultaneously the stable of DC bus-bar voltage and
System output current and the same frequency homophase of line voltage.
In the present embodiment, multichannel input photovoltaic inverting system also includes control unit (being not drawn in figure), this control list
Unit can gather each photovoltaic input electric current of branch road and voltage signal, and carry out calculating according to the signal collected and process and control respectively
Each BOOST circuit and the operation of inverter circuit in system processed, and preferably, control unit can be that DSP or single-chip microcomputer etc. are micro-
Processor.
Further, in the present embodiment, independent MPPT tracking comprises the following steps:
Obtain the MPPT floating voltage set-point Upvref1 of each photovoltaic input branch road, in Upvref2, Upvrefn
Voltage give maximum Upvrefmax, wherein, n is the integer more than 1；
Judge that voltage gives whether maximum Upvrefmax is more than the voltage reference value Uref preset, if it is not, then control each
Boost circuit carries out boosting and realizes the MPPT tracking of corresponding photovoltaic input branch road；Voltage is the most then made to give maximum
The Boost circuit of photovoltaic input branch road corresponding for Upvrefmax does not carry out boosting and realizes by-path turn-on, controls to make inverter circuit real
Existing voltage gives the MPPT of photovoltaic input branch road corresponding for maximum Upvrefmax and follows the tracks of, except voltage gives maximum
Outside corresponding for Upvrefmax photovoltaic input branch road, control each Boost circuit realize the MPPT of corresponding photovoltaic input branch road with
Track.
Further, in the present embodiment, the voltage reference value Uref preset is not less than the minimum mother of inverter circuit demand
Line voltage Ubusmin.
Further, in the present embodiment, obtain each photovoltaic input branch road MPPT floating voltage to Upvref1,
Voltage in Upvref2, Upvrefn gives maximum Upvrefmax, and concrete methods of realizing is as follows:
First, create array A={ A [1], A [2], A [n] }, array B={ B [1], B [2], B [n] },
Make A [1]=Upvref1, A [2]=Upvref2, A [n]=Upvrefn；
Secondly, judge A [1], A [2] one by one, the size of A [n] and the voltage reference value Uref preset, when A [i]-
Uref≤0, B [i]=0, as A [i]-Uref ＞ 0, B [i]=i；That is, each element is joined with predeterminated voltage in array A
Examining value to compare, it is assumed that have 6 elements, only A [2] in array A, A [5] is more than preset value, then B={0, and 2,0,0,5,0}.
Again, by A [1], compare the size of A in array A [i] and A [i+1] one by one, if A [i] ＞ A [i+1], then
Exchange A [i] and A [i+1], exchange B [i] and B [i+1] simultaneously；Otherwise keeping A [i] and A [i+1], B [i] and B [i+1] is constant,
Until having compared A [n-1] and A [n].
Through as above comparing, A [n] is the voltage of array A and gives maximum, is Upvrefmax, corresponding photovoltaic input
Branch road is B [n], if B [n]=0, then illustrates that each photovoltaic input branch road is carried out MPPT tracking by Boost circuit, otherwise
The Boost circuit that there is a certain photovoltaic input branch road corresponding does not carry out the by-passing that boosts, inverter circuit realize this road photovoltaic defeated
The MPPT entering branch road follows the tracks of.
Further, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 sets forth Boost circuit and realize the tool that the MPPT of corresponding photovoltaic input branch road follows the tracks of
Body implementation method and inverter circuit realize inverter circuit output electric current and illustrate with the concrete methods of realizing of frequency homophase with line voltage
Figure.
Further, in the present embodiment, every road Boost circuit realizes the tool that the MPPT of corresponding photovoltaic input branch road follows the tracks of
Body implementation method is as shown in Figure 3: by photovoltaic input voltage Upv and electric current Ipv, controls to produce voltage through a MPPT and gives
Upvref, gives voltage Upvref and deducts current voltage Upv, by electric through the first controller regulation output first for the difference obtained
Stream reference value Ipvr, the first current reference value Ipvr is deducted current flow Ipv through second controller control output duty cycle to
First PWM generator produces and drives signal to drive Boost circuit to run.
Further, in the present embodiment, inverter circuit realizes inverter circuit output electric current with line voltage with frequency homophase
Concrete methods of realizing as shown in Figure 4: busbar voltage gives Ubusref and deducts current busbar voltage Ubus, will obtain difference
Output the second current reference value Ibusr is controlled, by the electricity of the second current reference value Ibusr of gained Yu acquisition through the 3rd controller
Grid-connected current reference value Ir is produced, warp successively after grid-connected current reference value and actual electric network electric current Ig being subtracted each other after net phase multiplication
4th controller, the second PWM generator produce and drive signal to drive inverter circuit to run.
Wherein, busbar voltage give Ubusref be Upvref1+ Δ U1, Upvref2+ Δ U2, Upvrefn+
Maximum in Δ Un, Ubusmin, wherein, Δ U1, Δ U2 Δ Un are respectively corresponding Boost circuit output and input
Minimum voltage difference.When exist Boost circuit corresponding to a certain road photovoltaic input branch road do not boost by-passing time, this road photovoltaic is defeated
Enter the voltage of branch road be given as Upvref1+ Δ U1, Upvref2+ Δ U2, in Upvrefn+Δ Un, Ubusmin
Maximum, the MPPT floating voltage controlling to make busbar voltage give Ubusref being this road photovoltaic input branch road gives, can realize by
Inverter circuit realizes the MPPT of this road photovoltaic input branch road and follows the tracks of.
Further, in the present embodiment, as a example by two-way inputs, inverter circuit uses full bridge inverter, system frame
Figure is as shown in Figure 5.The voltage of the photovoltaic inverting system of two-way input is given is respectively Upvref1, Upvref2, and the two voltage is given
Fixed there are following three kinds of situations, specific embodiment corresponding to three kinds of situations is as follows:
Embodiment one: all the voltage of photovoltaics input branch roads gives the voltage reference value Uref being below presetting:
The MPPT floating voltage of two-way input gives the voltage reference value Uref that Upvref1, Upvref2 are below presetting, such as Fig. 6
A, shown in (), the voltage reference value Uref >=minimum bus voltage wherein preset gives Ubusmin, now array A={
Upvref1, Upvref2}, array B={0,0}, no matter now which road photovoltaic input branch road is that voltage gives maximum
Upvrefmax, the corresponding value in photovoltaic input branch road B [2] is 0, i.e. two-way photovoltaic input branch road is real by Boost circuit
Existing MPPT follows the tracks of.
Embodiment two: have and the voltage of the most a certain photovoltaic input branch road gives higher than the voltage reference value Uref preset:
It is the most pre-more than the voltage reference value Uref(preset that the MPPT floating voltage of one photovoltaic input branch road gives Upvref1
If voltage reference value Uref >=minimum bus voltage give Ubusmin), another photovoltaic input branch road MPPT floating voltage give
Determine Upvref2 and be less than the voltage reference value Uref preset, as shown in Figure 6 (b), now array A={ Upvref1, Upvref2},
Array B={1,0}, after as above comparing exchange, array A={ Upvref2, Upvref1}, array B={0,1}, voltage gives
Maximum Upvrefmax=Upvref1, corresponding photovoltaic input branch road B [2]=1, is not 0, then first via photovoltaic input branch road pair
The Boost circuit answered is not boosted and is realized by-path turn-on and carried out MPPT tracking by rear class inverter circuit, and the second road photovoltaic input
Route Boost circuit carries out MPPT tracking.
Embodiment three, at least the voltage of two-way photovoltaic input branch road gives higher than the voltage reference value Uref preset:
The MPPT floating voltage of two-way photovoltaic input branch road gives the voltage reference value that Upvref1, Upvref2 are all higher than presetting
Voltage reference value Uref >=minimum bus voltage that Uref(presets equally gives Ubusmin), as shown in Figure 6 (c), now array
A={ Upvref1, Upvref2}, array B={1,2}, it is assumed that Upvref1 ＞ Upvref2, after as above comparing exchange, array
A={ Upvref2, Upvref1}, array B={2,1}, voltage gives maximum Upvrefmax=Upvref1, and corresponding photovoltaic is defeated
Enter branch road B [2]=1, be not 0, then the Boost circuit that first via photovoltaic input branch road is corresponding is not boosted and is realized by-path turn-on by rear
Level inverter circuit carries out MPPT tracking, and the second road photovoltaic input branch road is still carried out MPPT tracking by Boost circuit；
As above analyzing and understand, the independent MPPT tracking of the multichannel input photovoltaic inverting system in the present embodiment, to each light
Volt input branch road carries out independent MPPT to be followed the tracks of, it is achieved efficiency maximizes, and is suitable for two-way input branch road photovoltaic inverting system not
Same situation.Branch road being more than to the system of two-way, its voltage is given also can be divided into three cases above, by the most defeated to two-way
Enter the explanation of branch road photovoltaic inverting system different situations, multichannel input photovoltaic inverting system control method can be clearly understood from.
Being above presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all changes made according to technical solution of the present invention, produced function is made
With during without departing from the scope of technical solution of the present invention, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the independent MPPT tracking of a multichannel input photovoltaic inverting system, it is characterised in that a multichannel input light is provided
Volt inversion system, this multichannel input photovoltaic inverting system includes: n road photovoltaic input branch road and an inverter circuit；Described photovoltaic
Input branch road includes photovoltaic panel group string and the Boost circuit being sequentially connected；N road Boost circuit outfan same polarity is in parallel, and
Being connected to the direct-flow input end of described inverter circuit, the ac output end of described inverter circuit is connected to load or electrical network；Described
Independent MPPT tracking realizes in accordance with the following steps:
Step S1: obtain MPPT floating voltage set-point Upvref1, the Upvref2 to Upvrefn of every road photovoltaic input branch road
In voltage give maximum Upvrefmax, wherein, n is the integer more than 1；
Step S2: judge that described voltage gives whether maximum Upvrefmax is more than predeterminated voltage reference value Uref, if it is not, then
Control every road Boost circuit to boost, photovoltaic input branch road is carried out MPPT tracking；Otherwise, then control described voltage to give
The Boost circuit of photovoltaic input branch road corresponding for maximum Upvrefmax is not boosted, and controls described inverter circuit to this
Photovoltaic input branch road MPPT follows the tracks of, and in addition to this photovoltaic input branch road, controls every road Boost circuit and boosts, input photovoltaic
Branch road carries out MPPT tracking.
The independent MPPT tracking of a kind of multichannel the most according to claim 1 input photovoltaic inverting system, its feature exists
In, described step S1 comprises the steps:
Step S11: set up array A={ A [1], A [2], A [n] }, array B={ B [1], B [2], B
[n] }, make A [1]=Upvref1, A [2]=Upvref2, A [n]=Upvrefn；
Step S12: judge the size of A [1] to A [n] and described predeterminated voltage reference value Uref successively, and when A [i]-Uref≤
When 0, make B [i]=0；As A [i]-Uref ＞ 0, make B [i]=i；
Step S13: from the beginning of A [1], the size of A [i] and A [i+1] in the most described array A；If A [i] ＞ A [i+1],
Then exchange A [i] and A [i+1], and exchange B [i] and B [i+1] simultaneously；Otherwise, A [i] and A [i+1], and B [i] and B [i+ are kept
1] constant, until completing the comparison of A [n-1] and A [n], and the value that A [n] is corresponding is given maximum as voltage
Upvrefmax。
The independent MPPT tracking of a kind of multichannel the most according to claim 1 input photovoltaic inverting system, its feature exists
In, in described step S2, described control every road Boost circuit is boosted, to photovoltaic input branch road carry out MPPT follow the tracks of by
Realize according to following manner: by the input photovoltaic input voltage Upv and photovoltaic input current Ipv of photovoltaic panel group string, input is to one
MPPT control unit produces voltage set-point Upvref；By described voltage set-point Upvref and described photovoltaic input voltage Upv
Subtract each other, through first controller regulation output the first current reference value Ipvr, and by this first current reference value Ipvr and described light
Volt input current Ipv subtracts each other, and gained difference inputs to a second controller；Described second controller output duty cycle is to first
PWM generator, produces and drives signal to drive corresponding Boost circuit to boost.
The independent MPPT tracking of a kind of multichannel the most according to claim 1 input photovoltaic inverting system, its feature exists
In, described inverter circuit is for controlling output electric current and the line voltage same frequency homophase of described inverter circuit.
The independent MPPT tracking of a kind of multichannel the most according to claim 4 input photovoltaic inverting system, its feature exists
In, described inverter circuit controls the output electric current of described inverter circuit and realizes as follows with frequency homophase with line voltage:
One busbar voltage set-point Ubusref is subtracted each other with current busbar voltage Ubus, and by differential transmission to one the 3rd controller, defeated
Go out the second current reference value Ibusr；Grid-connected current reference is produced with grid phase after this second current reference value Ibusr being multiplied
Value Ir；After this grid-connected current reference value Ir is subtracted each other with actual electric network electric current Ig, send out through one the 4th controller and one the 2nd PWM
Raw device produces and drives signal to drive described inverter circuit.
The independent MPPT tracking of a kind of multichannel the most according to claim 5 input photovoltaic inverting system, its feature exists
In, described busbar voltage set-point Ubusref take Upvref1+ Δ U1, Upvref2+ Δ U2, Upvrefn+Δ
Maximum in Un, Ubusmin, wherein, Δ U1, Δ U2, Δ Un correspond to respectively the output of every road Boost circuit with
The minimum voltage difference of input.
The independent MPPT tracking of a kind of multichannel the most according to claim 6 input photovoltaic inverting system, its feature exists
In, described predeterminated voltage reference value Uref is not less than minimum bus voltage Ubusmin of described inverter circuit.
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