CN105869687B - A kind of measuring method and measuring system of steel containment vessel moisture film coverage rate - Google Patents
A kind of measuring method and measuring system of steel containment vessel moisture film coverage rate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种钢制安全壳水膜覆盖率的测量方法及测量系统。所述测量方法为：在钢制安全壳上选取环形区域；沿环形区域的水平面安装固定多个图像采集设备；打开屏蔽厂房顶部水箱，进行图像采集，并将图像数据传输到终端设备；对采集的图像进行识别和分析，识别被水流覆盖的区域；根据识别水流形成的数据计算环形区域的水膜覆盖率，以及钢制安全壳整体的水膜覆盖率。测量系统包括区域定位模块；图像采集设备；设备设置模块；图像合成模块；数据计算模块。本发明通过在钢制安全壳上选取直径相同、高度不同的若干环形区域，通过测量环形区域的水膜覆盖率来计算钢制安全壳的水膜覆盖率，提高了测量数据的准确性，降低了测量的难度。
The invention discloses a method and a measurement system for measuring the water film coverage rate of a steel containment vessel. The measurement method is as follows: select an annular area on the steel containment vessel; install and fix a plurality of image acquisition devices along the horizontal plane of the annular area; open the water tank on the top of the shielded plant for image acquisition, and transmit the image data to the terminal equipment; The image is identified and analyzed to identify the area covered by the water flow; the water film coverage rate of the annular area and the overall water film coverage rate of the steel containment vessel are calculated based on the data formed by the identified water flow. The measurement system includes an area positioning module; an image acquisition device; an equipment setting module; an image synthesis module; and a data calculation module. The present invention calculates the water film coverage rate of the steel containment vessel by selecting several annular areas with the same diameter and different heights on the steel containment vessel and measuring the water film coverage rate of the annular area, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement data and reducing the the difficulty of measurement.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种钢制安全壳水膜覆盖率的测量方法及测量系统。The invention relates to a method and a measurement system for measuring the water film coverage rate of a steel containment vessel.
背景技术Background technique
第三代压水堆非能动核电厂采用双层安全壳结构，外安全壳是混凝土结构的屏蔽厂房，内安全壳是钢制安全壳结构。内层钢制安全壳可在事故工况下将安全壳内部的热量通过安全壳热传导传递到钢制安全壳外部，再通过空气自然对流将热量传递给大气。为了提高传热量，外安全壳顶部设置冷却水箱，在事故情况下，水箱的水通过重力作用喷淋到钢制安全壳，并沿着安全壳向下流动，将热量带走。The third-generation PWR passive nuclear power plant adopts a double-layer containment structure, the outer containment is a shielded building with a concrete structure, and the inner containment is a steel containment structure. The inner steel containment vessel can transfer the heat inside the containment vessel to the outside of the steel containment vessel through containment heat conduction under accident conditions, and then transfer the heat to the atmosphere through natural air convection. In order to improve the heat transfer, a cooling water tank is installed on the top of the outer containment. In case of an accident, the water in the water tank is sprayed to the steel containment by gravity, and flows down along the containment to take away the heat.
因此，钢制安全壳水膜覆盖率的测量是核电厂装料前必须进行一项试验项目，同时也是核电厂运行期间每隔十年就要进行一次的定期试验。Therefore, the measurement of the water film coverage of the steel containment vessel is a test item that must be carried out before the nuclear power plant is loaded, and it is also a periodic test that must be carried out every ten years during the operation of the nuclear power plant.
核电厂内外安全壳间隔空间狭小，钢制安全壳外表面还有空气导流板隔离。同时，由于钢制安全壳高度较高，测量时往往需要高空作业，不利于钢制安全壳水膜覆盖率的准确测量。The space between the inner and outer containment of a nuclear power plant is narrow, and the outer surface of the steel containment is isolated by air deflectors. At the same time, due to the high height of the steel containment, the measurement often requires high-altitude operations, which is not conducive to the accurate measurement of the water film coverage of the steel containment.
目前，可通过热红外仪、人工测量等方法对安全壳水膜覆盖率进行测量，但这些方法存在一定的缺点，如热红外仪测量，会受到水温与安全壳接触面温差变化的影响；人工测量则受人为因素较多，长期在狭小的空间进行高空作业，对人的要求很高，测量人员易受到干扰，都会影响测量的准确性和测量精度。At present, methods such as thermal infrared instrument and manual measurement can be used to measure the coverage of containment water film, but these methods have certain shortcomings, such as thermal infrared instrument measurement, which will be affected by the temperature difference between the water temperature and the containment surface; The measurement is more affected by human factors. Long-term high-altitude operations in a small space have high requirements for people, and the measurement personnel are easily disturbed, which will affect the accuracy and precision of the measurement.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的问题是提供一种钢制安全壳水膜覆盖率的测量技术，能够清晰、精准测量并实时计算出安全壳水膜的覆盖情况。The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a measurement technology for the water film coverage of the steel containment vessel, which can clearly and accurately measure and calculate the coverage of the containment water film in real time.
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种钢制安全壳水膜覆盖率的测量方法，其特征在于，其步骤包括：In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a method for measuring the water film coverage of a steel containment vessel, wherein the steps include:
步骤1)：在钢制安全壳上选取不少于2个直径相同、高度不同的环形区域；Step 1): Select no less than two annular areas with the same diameter and different heights on the steel containment;
步骤2)：沿步骤1)选取的环形区域的水平面，在屏蔽厂房的外层混凝土屏蔽墙内壁上安装固定多个图像采集设备；Step 2): Install and fix a plurality of image acquisition devices on the inner wall of the outer concrete shielding wall of the shielding factory building along the horizontal plane of the annular area selected in step 1);
步骤3)：打开屏蔽厂房顶部水箱，在水流流出的同时进行图像采集，并将图像数据传输到终端设备；Step 3): Open the water tank on the top of the shielded plant, collect images while the water flows out, and transmit the image data to the terminal equipment;
步骤4)：对采集的图像进行识别和分析，每组图像通过软件合成一张图像，并识别被水流覆盖的区域；Step 4): Identify and analyze the collected images, each group of images is synthesized into an image by software, and the area covered by the water flow is identified;
步骤5)：根据识别水流形成的数据计算环形区域的水膜覆盖率，以及钢制安全壳整体的水膜覆盖率。Step 5): Calculate the water film coverage rate of the annular area and the overall water film coverage rate of the steel containment vessel according to the data formed by identifying the water flow.
优选地，所述环形区域的宽度为0.3-1.5米。Preferably, the annular region has a width of 0.3-1.5 meters.
优选地，所述环形区域的外壁设置图像识别区分记号。Preferably, an image identification mark is provided on the outer wall of the annular area.
更优选地，所述图像识别区分记号为荧光刻度、不规则曲线或两者的结合。More preferably, the image recognition distinguishing marks are fluorescent scales, irregular curves or a combination of both.
优选地，每个所述环形区域上的图像采集设备均匀分布，相邻图像采集设备采集的图像有部分区域重合。Preferably, the image acquisition devices on each of the annular regions are evenly distributed, and images collected by adjacent image acquisition devices overlap in some areas.
优选地，每个所述环形区域上的图像采集设备不少于12台，图像采集设备的拍摄角度为140°，相邻两台图像采集设备与钢制安全壳中心轴的夹角为30 °。Preferably, there are no less than 12 image acquisition devices on each of the annular areas, the shooting angle of the image acquisition devices is 140°, and the included angle between two adjacent image acquisition devices and the central axis of the steel containment is 30° .
优选地，所述图像采集设备包括高清相机及照明设备。Preferably, the image acquisition equipment includes a high-definition camera and lighting equipment.
优选地，所述环形区域的水膜覆盖率的计算公式为：Preferably, the formula for calculating the coverage of the water film in the annular area is:
ρA＝(l1+l2+…+ln)/l；ρ A =(l 1 +l 2 +...+l n )/l;
其中，ρA为环形区域的水膜覆盖率；l为合成图像长度；ln为第n个被水膜覆盖的区域长度。Among them, ρ A is the water film coverage of the annular area; l is the length of the composite image; ln is the length of the nth area covered by the water film.
优选地，所述钢制安全壳整体的水膜覆盖率的计算公式为：Preferably, the calculation formula of the overall water film coverage of the steel containment vessel is:
ρ＝γA·ρA+γB·ρB+…；ρ = γA ·ρA+ γB · ρB +…;
其中，ρ为钢制安全壳整体的水膜覆盖率；γA为A环形区域系数，ρA为 A环形区域的水膜覆盖率，γB为B环形区域系数，ρB为B环形区域的水膜覆盖率，以此类推，所有环形区域系数之和为1，且每个环形区域系数为0.3～0.7。Among them, ρ is the overall water film coverage of the steel containment; γ A is the coefficient of the A ring area, ρ A is the water film coverage of the A ring area, γ B is the coefficient of the B ring area, and ρ B is the coefficient of the B ring area Water film coverage, and so on, the sum of all ring area coefficients is 1, and each ring area coefficient is 0.3~0.7.
本发明还提供了一种钢制安全壳水膜覆盖率的测量系统，其特征在于，包括在钢制安全壳上选取不少于2个直径相同、高度不同的环形区域的区域定位模块；用于在打开屏蔽厂房顶部水箱、在水流流出的同时进行图像采集，并将图像数据传输到终端设备的图像采集设备；用于将图像采集设备沿环形区域的水平面均匀设置于屏蔽厂房外层混凝土屏蔽墙内壁上的设备设置模块；用于对采集的图像进行识别和分析，每组图像通过软件合成一张图像，并识别被水流覆盖的区域的图像合成模块；用于根据识别水流形成的数据计算环形区域的水膜覆盖率，以及钢制安全壳整体的水膜覆盖率的数据计算模块；数据计算模块与图像合成模块连接，图像合成模块分别与区域定位模块、设备设置模块连接，设备设置模块连接图像采集设备。The present invention also provides a measurement system for the water film coverage of a steel containment vessel, which is characterized in that it includes an area positioning module for selecting no less than two ring-shaped areas with the same diameter and different heights on the steel containment vessel; It is used to open the water tank on the top of the shielded plant, collect images while the water flows out, and transmit the image data to the image acquisition equipment of the terminal equipment; it is used to evenly arrange the image acquisition equipment on the outer concrete shield of the shielded plant along the horizontal plane of the annular area The equipment setting module on the inner wall of the wall; it is used to identify and analyze the collected images, each group of images is synthesized into an image by software, and the image synthesis module is used to identify the area covered by the water flow; it is used to identify the data formed by the water flow A data calculation module for calculating the water film coverage of the annular area and the overall water film coverage of the steel containment; the data calculation module is connected with the image synthesis module, and the image synthesis module is respectively connected with the area positioning module and the equipment setting module. The module is connected to the image acquisition device.
优选地，所述区域定位模块选取的环形区域的宽度为0.3-1.5米。Preferably, the width of the circular area selected by the area positioning module is 0.3-1.5 meters.
优选地，所述区域定位模块选取的环形区域的外壁设置有图像识别区分记号。Preferably, the outer wall of the annular area selected by the area positioning module is provided with an image recognition distinguishing mark.
优选地，所述图像识别区分记号为荧光刻度、不规则曲线或两者的结合。Preferably, the image recognition distinguishing marks are fluorescent scales, irregular curves or a combination of both.
优选地，所述设备设置模块在环形区域上设置图像采集设备的分布规则为：均匀分布，且相邻图像采集设备采集的图像有部分区域重合。Preferably, the device setting module sets the distribution rules of the image acquisition devices in the circular area as follows: uniform distribution, and images collected by adjacent image acquisition devices overlap in some areas.
优选地，所述图像采集设备在同一个环形区域上不少于12台，图像采集设备的拍摄角度为140°，相邻两台图像采集设备与钢制安全壳中心轴的夹角为30 °。Preferably, there are no less than 12 image acquisition devices in the same annular area, the shooting angle of the image acquisition devices is 140°, and the included angle between two adjacent image acquisition devices and the central axis of the steel containment is 30° .
优选地，所述图像采集设备包括高清相机及照明设备。Preferably, the image acquisition equipment includes a high-definition camera and lighting equipment.
本发明通过在钢制安全壳上选取直径相同、高度不同的若干环形区域，通过测量环形区域的水膜覆盖率来计算钢制安全壳的水膜覆盖率，提高了测量数据的准确性，降低了测量的难度。The present invention calculates the water film coverage rate of the steel containment vessel by selecting a number of annular areas with the same diameter and different heights on the steel containment vessel and measuring the water film coverage rate of the annular area, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement data and reducing the the difficulty of measurement.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为钢制安全壳上环形区域的示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the annular area on the steel containment;
图2为环形区域内图像采集设备的布置图；Fig. 2 is the layout diagram of the image acquisition equipment in the annular area;
图3为环形区域外侧荧光刻度及不规则曲线的示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of fluorescent scales and irregular curves outside the annular area;
图4为测量系统的模块连接图。Figure 4 is a module connection diagram of the measurement system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明更明显易懂，兹以优选实施例，并配合附图作详细说明如下。In order to make the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with accompanying drawings.
实施例1Example 1
一种钢制安全壳水膜覆盖率的测量方法，其步骤为：A method for measuring the water film coverage of a steel containment vessel, the steps of which are:
S1：在钢制安全壳1上选取两个且直径相同、高度不同的环形区域，本实施例中分别在52米标高和23米标高处选择宽度为0.5米的A环形区域和B环形区域作为采集图像的区域，如图1所示；S1: Two annular areas with the same diameter and different heights are selected on the steel containment vessel 1. In this embodiment, the A annular area and the B annular area with a width of 0.5 meters are selected at the elevation of 52 meters and the elevation of 23 meters respectively as the The area where the image is collected, as shown in Figure 1;
S2：沿上述环形区域的水平面，在屏蔽厂房外层混凝土屏蔽墙2内壁上安装固定若干个图像采集设备3；S2: Install and fix several image acquisition devices 3 on the inner wall of the outer concrete shielding wall 2 of the shielded factory building along the horizontal plane of the above-mentioned circular area;
S3：打开屏蔽厂房顶部水箱，在水流流出的同时进行图像采集，并将图像数据传输到终端设备；S3: Open the water tank on the top of the shielded plant, collect images while the water flows out, and transmit the image data to the terminal equipment;
S4：对采集的图像进行识别和分析，每组图像通过软件合成一张图像，并识别被水流覆盖的区域；S4: Identify and analyze the collected images, each group of images is synthesized into an image by software, and the area covered by the water flow is identified;
S5：根据识别水流形成的数据计算环形区域的水膜覆盖率，以及钢制安全壳 1整体的水膜覆盖率。S5: Calculate the water film coverage rate of the annular area and the overall water film coverage rate of the steel containment vessel 1 according to the data formed by identifying the water flow.
在具体实施过程中，在环形区域外壁标识荧光刻度以及不规则曲线膜覆盖长度，以便进行图像识别、合成及数据分析和计算。设置的相邻荧光点距离为0.1 米，共计1247个荧光点，(如图3所示，图3中黑色圆点为荧光点，荧光点上下两侧的不规则曲线即不规则曲线膜)。In the specific implementation process, fluorescent scales and irregular curve film coverage lengths are marked on the outer wall of the annular area for image recognition, synthesis, data analysis and calculation. The distance between adjacent fluorescent points is 0.1 m, and there are 1247 fluorescent points in total (as shown in Figure 3, the black dots in Figure 3 are fluorescent points, and the irregular curves on the upper and lower sides of the fluorescent points are irregular curved films).
在具体实施过程中，根据安全壳1厂房和屏蔽墙2墙体之间的间距以及相机安装所需的空间，通过计算得出图像采集装置3布置在环形区域沿圆周均匀布置不少于12台图像采集装置3，图像采集拍摄角度为140°，相邻两台数据采集装置与安全壳中轴的夹角为30°，两组共计24台图像采集装置3，见图2。相邻图像采集装置3获取的图像有部分重叠。图像采集装置3包括高清相机及照明设备。In the specific implementation process, according to the distance between the containment 1 factory building and the shielding wall 2 wall and the space required for camera installation, it is calculated that the image acquisition devices 3 are arranged in the ring area and arranged uniformly along the circumference of no less than 12 sets The image acquisition device 3 has an image acquisition shooting angle of 140°, and the angle between two adjacent data acquisition devices and the central axis of the containment is 30°. There are a total of 24 image acquisition devices 3 in two groups, as shown in Figure 2. Images acquired by adjacent image acquisition devices 3 partially overlap. The image acquisition device 3 includes a high-definition camera and lighting equipment.
在具体实施过程中，采取有线数据线进行数据传输，以降低数据受到噪声影响。A环形区域和B环形区域均包含12组数据，通过I/O接口集成，输入计算机。In the specific implementation process, data transmission is carried out through wired data lines to reduce the influence of data on noise. A ring area and B ring area both contain 12 sets of data, which are integrated through the I/O interface and input into the computer.
将数据采集模块的数据导入计算机，通过图像分析软件(如HAICON)对同一时刻采集的12个图像进行处理，剪切相邻图像之间的重叠部分，识别水膜覆盖区域和非覆盖区域，计算A环形区域和B环形区域的水膜覆盖率，然后通过公式得到钢制安全壳1的水膜覆盖率。Import the data of the data acquisition module into the computer, process the 12 images collected at the same time through image analysis software (such as HAICON), cut the overlapping parts between adjacent images, identify the water film coverage area and non-coverage area, and calculate The water film coverage of the A ring area and the B ring area, and then the water film coverage of the steel containment vessel 1 is obtained through the formula.
通过图像合成软件，对每组图片重合部分进行处理，并判断水流或浸润区域，计算水膜覆盖率，实时显示并绘制水膜覆盖率曲线图。试验项目试验窗口期为 72小时，根据试验周期，图像采集时间间隔选取为1分钟，试验期间一共可以采集4320组历史数据，并绘制水膜覆盖率曲线。Through the image synthesis software, the overlapping parts of each group of pictures are processed, and the water flow or infiltration area is judged, the water film coverage rate is calculated, and the water film coverage rate curve is displayed and drawn in real time. The test window period of the test project is 72 hours. According to the test cycle, the image acquisition time interval is selected as 1 minute. During the test period, a total of 4320 sets of historical data can be collected and the water film coverage curve can be drawn.
在具体实施过程中，环形区域的水膜覆盖率的计算公式为：In the specific implementation process, the calculation formula of the water film coverage in the annular area is:
ρA＝(l1+l2+…+ln)/l；ρ A =(l 1 +l 2 +...+l n )/l;
其中，ρA为环形区域的水膜覆盖率；l为合成图像长度；ln为第n个被水膜覆盖的区域长度(长度均是图像处理软件确定的长度，以统一标准)。Among them, ρ A is the coverage rate of the water film in the annular area; l is the length of the synthetic image; ln is the length of the nth area covered by the water film (the lengths are all determined by the image processing software, and are based on a unified standard).
钢制安全壳1整体的水膜覆盖率的计算公式为：The formula for calculating the overall water film coverage of the steel containment vessel 1 is:
ρ＝γA·ρA+γB·ρB+…；ρ = γA ·ρA+ γB · ρB +…;
其中，ρ为钢制安全壳(1)整体的水膜覆盖率；γA为A环形区域系数，ρA为A环形区域的水膜覆盖率，γB为B环形区域系数，ρB为B环形区域的水膜覆盖率，以此类推，所有环形区域系数之和为1，且每个环形区域系数为 0.3～0.7。在试验过程中某时刻，测量计算得出ρA ＝73％，ρB＝75％，取γA＝0.45，γB＝0.55，通过以上公式计算得出ρ＝0.45·73％+0.55·75％＝74.1％。区域系数可根据经验和不同测量对象进行调整。Among them, ρ is the overall water film coverage of the steel containment (1); γ A is the coefficient of the annular area of A, ρ A is the water film coverage of the annular area of A, γ B is the coefficient of the annular area of B, and ρ B is the coefficient of the B The water film coverage of the ring area, and so on, the sum of all the ring area coefficients is 1, and the coefficient of each ring area is 0.3~0.7. At a certain point in the test process, it is measured and calculated that ρ A = 73%, ρ B = 75%, γ A = 0.45, γ B = 0.55, calculated by the above formula = 0.45·73%+0.55·75 % = 74.1%. The area coefficient can be adjusted according to experience and different measurement objects.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例提供了一种钢制安全壳水膜覆盖率的测量系统，包括：This embodiment provides a measurement system for the water film coverage of a steel containment vessel, including:
1、区域定位模块，用于在钢制安全壳1上选取不少于2个且直径相同、高度不同的环形区域；1. The area positioning module is used to select no less than two annular areas with the same diameter and different heights on the steel containment vessel 1;
2、设备设置模块，用于沿上述环形区域的水平面，在屏蔽厂房外层混凝土屏蔽墙2内壁上安装固定若干图像采集设备3；2. The equipment setting module is used to install and fix several image acquisition devices 3 on the inner wall of the outer concrete shielding wall 2 of the shielding factory building along the horizontal plane of the above-mentioned circular area;
3、图像采集模块，用于打开屏蔽厂房顶部水箱，在水流流出的同时进行图像采集，并将图像数据传输到终端设备；3. The image acquisition module is used to open the water tank on the top of the shielded plant, collect images while the water flows out, and transmit the image data to the terminal equipment;
4、图像合成模块，对采集的图像进行识别和分析，每组图像通过软件合成一张图像，并识别被水流覆盖的区域；4. The image synthesis module recognizes and analyzes the collected images, and each group of images synthesizes an image through software, and identifies the area covered by the water flow;
5、数据计算模块，用于根据识别水流形成的数据计算环形区域的水膜覆盖率，以及钢制安全壳整体的水膜覆盖率。5. The data calculation module is used to calculate the water film coverage rate of the annular area and the overall water film coverage rate of the steel containment vessel based on the data formed by identifying the water flow.
数据计算模块与图像合成模块连接，图像合成模块分别与区域定位模块、设备设置模块连接，设备设置模块连接图像采集设备(3)The data calculation module is connected with the image synthesis module, the image synthesis module is respectively connected with the area positioning module and the device setting module, and the device setting module is connected with the image acquisition device (3)
所述区域定位模块的环形区域外壁设置图像识别区分记号，采用荧光刻度和不规则曲线。The outer wall of the annular area of the area positioning module is provided with image recognition distinguishing marks, which adopt fluorescent scales and irregular curves.
所述设备设置模块的图像采集设备3均匀分布，其采集图像有部分区域重合。The image acquisition devices 3 of the device setting module are evenly distributed, and some areas of the acquired images overlap.
所述设备设置模块的图像采集设备3不少于12台，图像采集拍摄角度为140 °，相邻2台数据采集装置与安全壳中轴的夹角为30°。There are no less than 12 image acquisition devices 3 in the equipment setting module, the image acquisition and shooting angle is 140°, and the included angle between two adjacent data acquisition devices and the central axis of the containment is 30°.
所述设备设置模块的图像采集设备3包括高清相机及照明设备。The image acquisition device 3 of the device setting module includes a high-definition camera and lighting equipment.
本发明可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。The present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
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