CN105867514B - A kind of photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power tracking method and system - Google Patents
A kind of photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power tracking method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105867514B CN105867514B CN201610236974.9A CN201610236974A CN105867514B CN 105867514 B CN105867514 B CN 105867514B CN 201610236974 A CN201610236974 A CN 201610236974A CN 105867514 B CN105867514 B CN 105867514B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power tracking method and system, by way of successive iteration, the output voltage of photovoltaic array is updated one by one, and then obtain power output, and be compared the power obtained, determine the correspondence operating voltage of the particle maximum power point after each particle iteration, compare all particle maximum power point power in population again, the corresponding population operating voltage of population maximum power point in population is determined, so that it is determined that the multi-peak maximum power point under complex situations.As can be seen here, tracking disclosed by the invention is using particle to carry out quantum behavior search on the operation interval of voltage, it is to avoid traditional MPPT algorithm global optimizing ability is not strong, easily occurs the situation that operating point is absorbed in local extremum.Maximum power point in the photovoltaic system looked for using this method and system is more accurate, more meets reality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic generation field of engineering technology, more particularly to a kind of photovoltaic system multi-peak peak power with
Track method and system.
Background technology
Blocked due to there is partial phantom in photovoltaic array, dust accumulation, the reason, light such as photovoltaic cell output characteristic difference
Multi-peak power characteristic is presented in the output characteristic curve of photovoltaic array, and its maximal power tracing problem turns into photovoltaic generation research field
An important directions.For at present, mainly there be multi-peak maximal power tracing problem disclosed in scientific paper and patent of invention
Three kinds of resolving ideas：(a) it is a kind of be by current compensation method make partial phantom block under photovoltaic array in each module export
Situation is identical, and multi-peak output characteristic curve is changed into unimodal curve, so as to continue to use original unimodal maximal power tracing
(MPPT, Maximum Power Point Tracking) method.But this structure needs substantial amounts of current balance type element, actual
Cost is too high in；(b) a kind of is that the position of globe optimum is predicted using peak value Predicting Technique, makes operating point first
It is positioned near global maximum power point, then using simple single peak maximal power tracing technology such as perturbation observation method, increasing
Measure conductance method etc.；(c) it is the direct optimizing algorithm using suitable for multi-peak MPPT to also have a kind of.It is main to be divided into two species again
Not --- photovoltaic property curve modeling and voltage detection method：1) modeling based on photovoltaic property curve is current each by detection
The intensity of illumination and temperature of individual battery, are modeled so as to predict maximum power point voltage, this method can be right to output characteristics
Environmental change carries out fast reaction, but has the disadvantage the expensive illumination of needs and temperature sensor.2) voltage detection method passes through to light
The output voltage that volt system is specified obtains the power output fed back, and maximum power point is detected with reference to optimization algorithm.Often
The algorithm that can be applied to voltage detection seen has particle group optimizing (Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO) algorithm；
Fibonacci search method；Fuzzy logic control method etc..Multi-peak maximum power tracking method by core algorithm of PSO needs to adjust
The weight parameter of section is relatively more, and later stage of evolution convergence rate is slow, and precision is poor and is easy to be absorbed in the deficiencies such as Local Extremum.Cause
This, studies more effective photovoltaic generation multi-peak maximum power tracking method and has important practical significance and engineer applied valency
Value.
PSO algorithms are a kind of Iterative search algorithms of multi- extreme value function global optimization, by the knowledge for imitating social groups
Evolutionary mechanism, is constantly searched in hyperspace, so as to find the optimal solution or suboptimal solution of domain.Based on standard
In the photovoltaic MPPT of PSO algorithms, initial point is the i electrical voltage point from 0 to open-circuit voltage scope.In (n+1)th iteration, particle
I speed and position are updated by following formula：
vi(n+1)=ω * vi(n)+c1*r1*[pbi-xi(n)]+c2*r2*[gb-xi(n)]
xi(n+1)=xi(n)+vi(n)
In formula, n is iterations, and variable ω is inertia weight, vi(n) represent particle and keep itself original speed (i.e.
Inertia) ability；pbiThe history desired positions in i-th of population are represented, gb represents the desired positions in whole population；C1 and
C2 is constant, can be coordinated to determine according to actual conditions, r1 and r2 are the random number on [0,1] interval；C1*r1 is used to adjust particle
Close to itself history desired positions (i.e. pbi-xi(n) speed), c2*r2 is used to adjust particle close to colony's history desired positions
(i.e. gb-xi(n) speed).R1 and r2 is two random numbers on interval [0,1].
In the existing method for realizing multi-peak maximal power tracing, current compensation method is needed in each photovoltaic DC/DC
Use cost in current balance type element, practical application too high between module.Peak value Forecasting Methodology is a kind of theoretic prediction,
There is larger uncertainty, it is impossible to ensure that prediction can be accurate every time, therefore it is possible to be absorbed in local extremum in practical application
Point, causes power loss.Modeling based on photovoltaic property curve needs to use illumination and temperature sensor, and these sensors
It is all expensive, therefore cost is too high in actual applications.When PSO algorithms are directly realized by maximal power tracing, easily occur precocious
Situation, prematurely converges on local best points, so as to miss globe optimum, energy loss can be caused in photovoltaic system；Separately
Outside, the weight coefficient in PSO algorithms is more, and the determination randomness of coefficient is larger, adds the difficulty of realization.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power tracking method and system, the tracking
And system can solve the problem that traditional MPPT algorithm ability of searching optimum is not strong, easily make the problem of operating point is absorbed in local extremum, this hair
Bright tracking global optimizing ability is stronger, will not miss globe optimum.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power tracking method, including：
[0, Voc] on randomly select N number of point, be used as particle voltage Vi(n), i ∈ [1,2 ... ... N], n represent iteration time
Number；
Make the output reference voltage V of photovoltaic arrayrefEqual to the particle voltage Vi(n), treat that the photovoltaic system is stable
Afterwards, the output current I of the photovoltaic array is measuredipv, output voltage Vipv, calculate particle power Pi(n)；
Determine the particle voltage V of future generation of iteration n+1 timesi(n+1), Vi(n+1) ∈ [0, Voc]；
It is determined that with the particle voltage V of future generationi(n+1) corresponding particle power P of future generationi(n+1)；
Compare the particle power Pi(n) with the particle power P of future generationi(n+1)；Determine particle i particle maximum work
Rate Pipbest, Pipbest=max (Pi(n), Pi(n+1)), and calculate obtain and the particle peak power PipbestCorresponding particle
Operating voltage Vipbest；
Compare the particle peak power P of all particles in populationipbest, determine kind maximum in the population
Group's peak power Pgbest, Pgbest=max (Pipbest), i ∈ [1,2 ... ... N], and calculate obtain and the population peak power
PgbestCorresponding population operating voltage Vgbest；
The reference work electricity of the corresponding operating voltage of photovoltaic system maximum power point, as system is determined according to the condition of convergence
Press Vref=Vgbest, the condition of convergence isWherein div is the power error value of setting.
Optionally, it is described [0, Voc] on randomly select N number of point before include：
Detect the open-circuit voltage V of the photovoltaic arrayoc。
Optionally, the particle voltage of future generationWherein, Vi(n+1)
Particle voltage during for (n+1)th iteration, Vi(n) particle voltage when for nth iteration, u is the random number on (0,1),For the potential well point of quantum motion current particle i in iterative process, wherein, r1, r2For (0,1)
On random number, β is the poly- scattered factor, β ＜ 1.7.
Optionally, the dynamic adjustable strategies of the poly- scattered factor-beta are：β0It is poly-
Dissipate the initial value of the factor.
Optionally, it is described to be determined according to the condition of convergence after photovoltaic system maximum power point voltage, in addition to：
JudgeWhether predetermined threshold value is more than；
If it is, representing that maximum power peak situation changes, it is necessary to according to described photovoltaic system multi-peak most
High-power tracking re-starts maximal power tracing；
If it is not, then representing that maximum power peak situation does not change, it is not necessary to according to described photovoltaic system multimodal
Value maximum power tracking method re-starts maximal power tracing.
The invention also discloses a kind of system for obtaining photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power point, above-mentioned photovoltaic system is utilized
Multi-peak maximum power tracking method obtains photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power point, and the system includes：
Particle voltage acquisition unit, for [0, Voc] on randomly select N number of point, be used as particle voltage Vi(n), i ∈ [1,
2 ... ... N], n represents iterations；
Particle power obtaining unit, makes the output reference voltage V of photovoltaic arrayrefEqual to the particle voltage Vi(n), treat
After the photovoltaic system is stable, the output current I for measuring the photovoltaic arrayipv, output voltage Vipv, and calculate acquisition grain
Sub- power Pi(n)；
Iterations increment unit, for increasing iterations；
Particle voltage acquisition unit of future generation, the particle voltage V of future generation for obtaining iteration n+1 timesi(n+1), Vi(n+
1) ∈ [0, Voc]；
Particle power obtaining unit of future generation, for obtaining and the particle voltage V of future generationi(n+1) it is corresponding next
For particle power Pi(n+1)；
Particle maximum working voltage acquiring unit, for comparing the particle power Pi(n) with the particle work(of future generation
Rate Pi(n+1)；Determine particle i particle peak power Pipbest, Pipbest=max (Pi(n), Pi(n+1)), and calculate obtain with
The particle peak power PipbestCorresponding particle operating voltage Vipbest；
Population maximum working voltage acquiring unit, the particle peak power for comparing all particles in population
Pipbest, determine population peak power P maximum in the populationgbest, Pgbest=max (Pipbest), i ∈ [1,2 ... ...
N], and calculate obtain and the population peak power PgbestCorresponding population operating voltage Vgbest；
Photovoltaic system maximum power point voltage acquiring unit, for determining photovoltaic system maximum power point pair according to the condition of convergence
Answer the reference work voltage V of operating voltage, as systemref=Vgbest, the condition of convergence is
Wherein div is the power error value of setting.
The specific embodiment provided according to the present invention, the invention discloses following technique effect：In order to track complex situations
Under multi-peak peak power, the present invention propose a kind of quantum behavior particle group optimizing strong based on ability of searching optimum
The global MPPT algorithm of (quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization, QPSO) algorithm, the present invention is logical
The mode of successive iteration is crossed, the output voltage of photovoltaic array is updated one by one, and then obtains power output, and by the power obtained
It is compared, determines the correspondence operating voltage of the particle maximum power point after each particle iteration, then compare all in population
Particle maximum power point power, determines the corresponding population operating voltage of population maximum power point in population, so that it is determined that
Multi-peak maximum power point under complex situations.As can be seen here, tracking disclosed by the invention is the operation interval in voltage
Upper use particle carries out quantum behavior search, it is to avoid traditional MPPT algorithm global optimizing ability is not strong, easily makes operating point
The situation for being absorbed in local extremum occurs.Maximum power point in the photovoltaic system looked for using this method and system is more accurate, more
Meet reality.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to institute in embodiment
The accompanying drawing needed to use is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some implementations of the present invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Obtain other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic array figure；
Fig. 2 is the power vs. voltage output curve diagram of photovoltaic array；
The flow chart for the photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power tracking method that Fig. 3 provides for the present invention；
The flow of the embodiment for the photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power tracking method that Fig. 4 provides for the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 5 is photovoltaic generating system figure；
Fig. 6 is photovoltaic generating system main circuit diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
In the art, the output voltage and electric current of single photovoltaic module be it is limited, in order to obtain required voltage and
Size of current, multiple photovoltaic modules usually connect into photovoltaic array in series-parallel form.As shown in figure 1, being hidden in partial phantom
In the case of gear, to prevent module from hot spot problem occur, often in a single photovoltaic module both sides bypass diode in parallel, together
When, each series arm can also concatenate a blocking diode to prevent module from being influenceed by each serial array potential difference.In mould
Block by shadow occlusion it is serious when, bypass diode by turn on prevent the module turn into series arm load.In Fig. 1,101 are
Part is blocked by shadow, 102 is are not blocked by shadow part, and 103 be the bypass diode of conducting, 104 bypass not turn on
Diode, 105 be blocking diode.When all elements of photovoltaic array are consistent by illumination, the P-V characteristic curves of photovoltaic array
Only one of which extreme point.However, as shown in Fig. 2 partial phantom block and temperature distributing disproportionation under conditions of, due to bypass
Multi-peak characteristic will be presented in the presence of diode and blocking diode, the power vs. voltage curve of output of photovoltaic array.
In order to track the multi-peak peak power under above-mentioned complex situations, as shown in figure 3, the invention provides a kind of photovoltaic
System multi-peak maximum power tracking method, including：
Step 301：[0, Voc] on randomly select N number of point, be used as particle voltage Vi(n), i ∈ [1,2 ... ... N], n tables
Show iterations；
Step 302：Make the output reference voltage V of photovoltaic arrayrefEqual to the particle voltage Vi(n) the photovoltaic system, is treated
After system is stable, the output current I of the photovoltaic array is measuredipv, output voltage Vipv, calculate particle power Pi(n)；
Step 303：Determine the particle voltage V of future generation of iteration n+1 timesi(n+1), Vi(n+1) ∈ [0, Voc]；
Step 304：It is determined that with the particle voltage V of future generationi(n+1) corresponding particle power P of future generationi(n+1)；
Step 305：Compare the particle power Pi(n) with the particle power P of future generationi(n+1)；Determine particle i grain
Sub- peak power Pipbest, Pipbest=max (Pi(n), Pi(n+1)), and calculate obtain and the particle peak power PipbestIt is right
The particle operating voltage V answeredipbest；
Step 306：Compare the particle peak power P of all particles in populationipbest, determine in the population
Maximum population peak power Pgbest, Pgbest=max (Pipbest), i ∈ [1,2 ... ... N], and calculate obtain and the population
Peak power PgbestCorresponding population operating voltage Vgbest；
Step 307：The reference of photovoltaic system maximum power point correspondence operating voltage, as system is determined according to the condition of convergence
Operating voltage Vref=Vgbest, the condition of convergence isWherein div misses for the power of setting
Difference.
The present invention updates the output voltage of photovoltaic array, and then acquisition power output one by one by way of successive iteration,
And be compared the power obtained, the correspondence operating voltage of the particle maximum power point after each particle iteration is determined, then compare
Compared with all particle maximum power point power in population, the corresponding population work of population maximum power point in population is determined
Voltage, so that it is determined that the multi-peak maximum power point under complex situations.As can be seen here, tracking disclosed by the invention be
Quantum behavior search is carried out using particle, it is to avoid traditional MPPT algorithm global optimizing ability is not on the operation interval of voltage
By force, the situation for easily making operating point be absorbed in local extremum occurs.Maximum in the photovoltaic system looked for using this method and system
Power points is more accurate, more meets reality.
As an alternative embodiment, [0, Voc] on randomly select N number of point before include：
Detect the open-circuit voltage V of photovoltaic arrayoc。
As an alternative embodiment, particle voltage of future generation：
Wherein, Vi(n+1) particle voltage when for (n+1)th iteration, Vi(n) particle voltage when being nth iteration, u is
Random number on (0,1), calculates all choose new random number every time,piFor grain in iterative process
The potential well point of quantum motion current sub- i, r1, r2For the random number on (0,1), β is the poly- scattered factor, β ＜ 1.7.
It is that a value is dynamic less than 1.7 because gathering the magnitude relationship of scattered factor-beta to the search range of particle voltage
State adjusting parameter.β is bigger, and global performance is better, and β is smaller, and convergence rate is faster.At iteration initial stage, it is desirable to which particle has larger
Search space, does not miss global maximum power point because of the complex characteristics of curve；In the iteration later stage, it is desirable to which particle is global maximum
Fine search near power points, accurately searches out the power points of maximum；Therefore, also disclosed in present embodiment a kind of poly- scattered
Factor adjustable strategies, the dynamic adjustable strategies of the poly- scattered factor-beta are：β0Dissipated to be poly-
The initial value of the factor.By the adjustable strategies come the scope of suitable control global search, so as to will be quick, accurately look for most
High-power point.
During stable state, due to photovoltaic array output voltage by reference quantity be VrefVoltage close loop control, if load do not occur
Change, power is not in larger change.When larger change occurs for shadow occlusion situation and temperature, output P-V characteristic curves will
Therefore change, the power of operating point will also be varied widely.Now global maximum power point may change, control system
Need to initialize again, re-start maximal power tracing.In order to which accurate maximum work can be obtained under any circumstance
Rate point, it is necessary to measure V in real timeipv, Iipv, calculate Pipv, and photovoltaic system maximum power point voltage is being determined according to the condition of convergence
Afterwards, judgeWhether it is more than predetermined threshold value, obtains judged result；
If it is, representing that maximum power point working condition changes；Need according to described photovoltaic system multi-peak
Maximum power tracking method re-starts maximal power tracing；
If it is not, then representing that maximum power point working condition does not change, it is not necessary to many according to described photovoltaic system
Peak value maximum power tracking method re-starts maximal power tracing.
The particle populations for the photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power tracking method that the present invention is provided search for the process evolved
The optimum point V of individualipbestTo the optimum point V of colonygbestThe process of study, with the progress of iteration, the history of all particles is most
Advantage VipbestWill be with colony history optimum point VgbestIt is identical.If the maximum power value P that all particle search are arrivedipbestVery
It is close, illustrate that the local best points that particle was once searched are cast out, replaced by globe optimum.At this time, it is believed that having looked for
The global maximum power point of photovoltaic system is arrived.
As shown in figure 4, the specific embodiment of the present invention is：
Using Buck-Boost circuits, Buck-Boost circuits are controlled by digital signal processor output drive signal
Switch T1And T2, you can change the input voltage V of Buck-Boost circuitsPV, so as to change the power output P of photovoltaic arrayPV, make
It is stable in maximum power point.
Photovoltaic generation QPSO-MPPT control systems are exactly the electric current I exported by photovoltaic array of constantly samplingPVAnd voltage
VPV, calculate quiescent potential VPVCorresponding power output PPV=VPV*IPV, and then constantly changed by QPSO-MPPT algorithms
For optimizing, with regard to the quiescent potential for make it that power output is maximum can be searched out.
The specific searching process of the QPSO-MPPT algorithms of the present invention includes：
Step 401：Initialize Vi(n) corresponding P, is obtainedi(n)。
Detect open-circuit voltage Voc, [0, Voc] on randomly select N number of point, be used as the initial voltage V of N number of particlei(n), i ∈
[1,2 ... ... N], n is iterations, belongs to positive integer；Make the output voltage reference value V of photovoltaic array successivelyrefEqual to particle
Voltage Vi(n), after system operating voltage is stable, I is measuredipv, Vipv, calculate the corresponding performance number P of N number of particlei(n)；
Step 402：It is determined that initial VipbestAnd Vgbest, i ∈ [1,2 ... ... N].
To each particle, there is one to cause correspondence power Pi(n) the maximum most better P of historyipbest, its corresponding electricity
Pressure is denoted as Vipbest, the most better P of prominent history in all particles of populationgbestCorresponding voltage is denoted as Vgbest。
Step 403：The magnitude of voltage V for updating particle of future generation is calculated according to following formulai(n+1), Vi(n+1) ∈ [0, Voc]；
Wherein：Vi(n+1) particle i voltage, V when for (n+1)th iterationi(n) particle i electricity when corresponding to nth iteration
Pressure, u is the random number on (0,1).
piFor the potential well point of quantum motion current particle i in iterative process, r1, r2 are the random number on (0,1).
β is the poly- scattered factor, and β magnitude relationship, to particle Vi search range, is the dynamic tune that a value is less than 1.7
Whole parameter.β is bigger, and global performance is better, and β is smaller, and convergence rate is faster.At iteration initial stage, it is desirable to which particle has larger search
Space, does not miss global maximum power point because of the complex characteristics of curve；In the iteration later stage, it is desirable to which particle is in global maximum power
Fine search near point, accurately searches out the power points of maximum.Therefore, it is proposed to which a kind of poly- scattered factor adjustable strategies, as follows
Formula：
Step 404：Update VipbestAnd Vgbest, i ∈ [1,2 ... ... N].
Each more new particle voltage ViObtain corresponding power PiAfterwards, the V of particle colony is updatedipbestAnd Vgbest：By its with
Past VipbestAnd VgbestCorresponding power is compared, if more than it, this time voltage is updated to new VipbestAnd Vgbest,
Otherwise, then original V is retainedipbestAnd Vgbest。
Step 405：In view of the measurement error in real system, the present invention is provided with a kind of iteration ends strategy, i.e.,
The condition of convergence of QPSO-MPPT search operations：
Div is the power error value of setting, takes 0.01.Judge whether to meet the condition of convergence, if meeting the condition of convergence,
Think to have found maximum power point, make Vref=Vgbest, stop iteration.If it is not satisfied, then repeating above step, continue optimizing.
Step 406：During stable state, due to photovoltaic array output voltage by reference quantity be VrefVoltage close loop control, if negative
Load does not change, and power is not in larger change.When larger change occurs for shadow occlusion situation and temperature, output P-V is special
Therefore linearity curve will change, and the power of operating point will also be varied widely.Now global maximum power point may change,
Control system needs to initialize again, re-starts MPPT.V is measured in real timeipv, Iipv, calculate Pipv, environment is judged according to following formula
Whether change, if changing, restart algorithm, repeat above flow.
In summary, the process that particle populations search is evolved is individual i optimum point VipbestTo the optimum point V of colonygbest
The process of study.With the progress of iteration, the history optimum point V of all particlespbestWill be identical with colony history optimum point.If institute
There is the maximum power value P that particle search is arrivedipbestBe sufficiently close to, illustrate local best points that particle once searched by
Cast out, replaced by globe optimum.At this time, it is believed that the global maximum power point of photovoltaic system has been found.
The invention also discloses a kind of system for obtaining photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power point, above-mentioned photovoltaic system is utilized
Multi-peak maximum power tracking method obtains photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power point, and the system includes：
Particle voltage acquisition unit, for [0, Voc] on randomly select N number of point, be used as particle voltage Vi(n), i ∈ [1,
2 ... ... N], n represents iterations；
Particle power obtaining unit, makes the output voltage reference voltage V of photovoltaic arrayrefEqual to the particle voltage Vi
(n), after the photovoltaic system is stable, the output current I for measuring the photovoltaic arrayipv, output voltage Vipv, and calculate
Obtain particle power Pi(n)；
Iterations increment unit, for increasing iterations；
Particle voltage acquisition unit of future generation, the particle voltage V of future generation for obtaining iteration n+1 timesi(n+1), Vi(n+
1) ∈ [0, Voc]；
Particle power obtaining unit of future generation, for obtaining and the particle voltage V of future generationi(n+1) it is corresponding next
For particle power Pi(n+1)；
Particle operating voltage acquiring unit, for comparing the particle power Pi(n) with the particle power P of future generationi(n
+1)；Determine particle i particle peak power Pipbest, Pipbest=max (Pi(n), Pi(n+1)), and calculate obtain and the grain
Sub- peak power PipbestCorresponding particle operating voltage Vipbest；
Population operating voltage acquiring unit, the particle peak power P for comparing all particles in populationipbest,
Determine population peak power P maximum in the populationgbest, Pgbest=max (Pipbest), i ∈ [1,2 ... ... N], and count
Calculation is obtained and the population peak power PgbestCorresponding population operating voltage Vgbest；
Photovoltaic system maximum power point voltage acquiring unit, for determining photovoltaic system maximum power point pair according to the condition of convergence
Answer the reference work voltage V of operating voltage, as systemref=Vgbest, the condition of convergence is
Wherein div is the power error value of setting.
The system updates the output voltage of photovoltaic array one by one by way of iterations increment unit successive iteration,
And then power output is obtained, and the power obtained is compared to the particle voltage for determining each particle, then compare population
In all particle maximum power points correspondence particle operating voltage, determine the population maximum power point correspondence population work in population
Make voltage, so that it is determined that the multi-peak maximum power point under complex situations.As can be seen here, tracking disclosed by the invention is
Quantum behavior search is carried out using particle, it is to avoid traditional MPPT algorithm global optimizing ability is not on the operation interval of voltage
By force, the situation for easily making operating point be absorbed in local extremum occurs.Maximum power point in the photovoltaic system looked for using the system
It is more accurate, more meet reality.
The present invention can realize with photovoltaic generating system as shown in Figure 5, the photovoltaic generating system include photovoltaic array with
The connected main circuit of DC converter, digital signal processor DSP (Digital Signal Processor, DSP) is core
Control circuit and load constitute.Specific implementation process is：DSP obtains the output voltage V of sampling instant photovoltaic arraypvAnd electric current
IpvAfterwards, the reference electricity for determining to make photovoltaic array power output maximum is found by photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power tracking method
Press Vref, through pi controller control, pulsewidth modulation adjusts the dutycycle of DC converter, so that DC converter
Stabilized input voltage is in the corresponding reference voltage level of maximum power point, i.e., the stable output power of photovoltaic array is in peak power
Point.Wherein, photovoltaic generating system main circuit diagram is as shown in fig. 6, the present invention realizes the DC converter used for Buck-Boost
(buck-boost) converter.The converter can also be single Buck (decompression) converter, Boost (boosting) converters or
Other DC/DC topologys.Wherein, photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power tracking method of the invention is realized by dsp chip.
The embodiment of each in this specification is described by the way of progressive, and what each embodiment was stressed is and other
Between the difference of embodiment, each embodiment identical similar portion mutually referring to.For system disclosed in embodiment
For, because it is corresponded to the method disclosed in Example, so description is fairly simple, related part is said referring to method part
It is bright.
Specific case used herein is set forth to the principle and embodiment of the present invention, and above example is said
The bright method and its core concept for being only intended to help to understand the present invention；Simultaneously for those of ordinary skill in the art, foundation
The thought of the present invention, will change in specific embodiments and applications.In summary, this specification content is not
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power tracking method, it is characterised in that including：
[0, Voc] on randomly select N number of point, be used as particle voltage Vi(n), i ∈ [1,2 ... ... N], n represents iterations；
Make the output reference voltage V of photovoltaic arrayrefEqual to the particle voltage Vi(n), after the photovoltaic system is stable, measurement
The output current I of the photovoltaic arrayipv, output voltage Vipv, calculate particle power Pi(n)；
Determine the particle voltage V of future generation of iteration n+1 timesi(n+1), Vi(n+1) ∈ [0, Voc]；The particle voltage of future generationWherein, Vi(n+1) particle voltage when for (n+1)th iteration, Vi(n) it is the
Particle voltage during n iteration, u is the random number on (0,1),For particle i in iterative process
The potential well point of current quantum motion, wherein, r1, r2For the random number on (0,1), β is the poly- scattered factor, β ＜ 1.7；It is described poly- scattered
The dynamic adjustable strategies of factor-beta are：β0For the initial value of the poly- scattered factor；
It is determined that with the particle voltage V of future generationi(n+1) corresponding particle power P of future generationi(n+1)；
Compare the particle power Pi(n) with the particle power P of future generationi(n+1)；Determine particle i particle peak power
Pipbest, Pipbest=max (Pi(n), Pi(n+1)), and calculate obtain and the particle peak power PipbestCorresponding particle work
Make voltage Vipbest；
Compare the particle peak power P of all particles in populationipbest, determine population maximum in the population most
High-power Pgbest, Pgbest=max (Pipbest), i ∈ [1,2 ... ... N], and calculate obtain and the population peak power Pgbest
Corresponding population operating voltage Vgbest；
The reference work voltage V of photovoltaic system maximum power point correspondence operating voltage, as system is determined according to the condition of convergenceref
=Vgbest, the condition of convergence isWherein div is the power error value of setting.
2. photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power tracking method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described [0,
Voc] on randomly select N number of point before include：
Detect the open-circuit voltage V of the photovoltaic arrayoc。
3. photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power tracking method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described according to receipts
The condition of holding back determined after photovoltaic system maximum power point voltage, in addition to：
JudgeWhether predetermined threshold value is more than；
If it is, representing that maximum power peak situation changes, it is necessary to according to described photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum work
Rate tracking re-starts maximal power tracing；
If it is not, then representing that maximum power peak situation does not change, it is not necessary to according to described photovoltaic system multi-peak most
High-power tracking re-starts maximal power tracing.
4. a kind of system for obtaining photovoltaic system multi-peak maximum power point, it is characterised in that the system includes：
Particle voltage acquisition unit, for [0, Voc] on randomly select N number of point, be used as particle voltage Vi(n), i ∈ [1,
2 ... ... N], n represents iterations；
Particle power obtaining unit, makes the output reference voltage V of photovoltaic arrayrefEqual to the particle voltage Vi(n) light, is treated
After volt system is stable, the output current I for measuring the photovoltaic arrayipv, output voltage Vipv, and calculate acquisition particle power
Pi(n)；
Iterations increment unit, for increasing iterations；
Particle voltage acquisition unit of future generation, the particle voltage V of future generation for obtaining iteration n+1 timesi(n+1), Vi(n+1)∈
[0, Voc]；The particle voltage of future generationWherein, Vi(n+1) when being (n+1)th iteration
Particle voltage, Vi(n) particle voltage when for nth iteration, u is the random number on (0,1),
For the potential well point of quantum motion current particle i in iterative process, wherein, r1, r2For the random number on (0,1), β for it is poly- dissipate because
Son, β ＜ 1.7；The dynamic adjustable strategies of the poly- scattered factor-beta are：β0For it is poly- dissipate because
The initial value of son；
Particle power obtaining unit of future generation, for obtaining and the particle voltage V of future generationi(n+1) corresponding particle of future generation
Power Pi(n+1)；
Particle maximum working voltage acquiring unit, for comparing the particle power Pi(n) with the particle power P of future generationi(n
+1)；Determine particle i particle peak power Pipbest, Pipbest=max (Pi(n), Pi(n+1)), and calculate obtain and the grain
Sub- peak power PipbestCorresponding particle operating voltage Vipbest；
Population maximum working voltage acquiring unit, the particle peak power P for comparing all particles in populationipbest,
Determine population peak power P maximum in the populationgbest, Pgbest=max (Pipbest), i ∈ [1,2 ... ... N], and count
Calculation is obtained and the population peak power PgbestCorresponding population operating voltage Vgbest；
Photovoltaic system maximum power point voltage acquiring unit, for determining photovoltaic system maximum power point correspondence according to the condition of convergence
The reference work voltage V of operating voltage, as systemref=Vgbest, the condition of convergence is
Wherein div is the power error value of setting.
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| CN106846436B (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2020-09-04 | 中国计量大学 | Method for dividing multi-peak P-U curve of series photovoltaic module into regions |
| TWI658690B (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2019-05-01 | 龍華科技大學 | Method for tracking maximum power of solar cell using optimized assignment function domain value |
| CN109814651B (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-07-07 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Particle swarm-based photovoltaic cell multi-peak maximum power tracking method and system |
| CN109815618B (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2022-09-13 | 南昌航空大学 | Photovoltaic power generation tracking method under shading based on physical model and particle swarm algorithm |
| CN112904929B (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2022-07-29 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic solar system, control method thereof and computer-readable storage medium |
| CN114564064B (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-08-01 | 中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 | Maximum power point dynamic tracking method and system under multi-peak of photovoltaic array |
| CN114977985A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-08-30 | 西安电子科技大学 | Novel topological structure of photovoltaic power generation system based on current injection |
| CN114911301B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2024-08-16 | 深圳市正浩创新科技股份有限公司 | Maximum power tracking control method, photovoltaic system and energy storage equipment |
| CN117950444A (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-04-30 | 长江三峡水务(宜昌)有限公司 | Photovoltaic voltage tracking MPPT control method based on optimization algorithm |
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| US9397501B2 (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2016-07-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. | Maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic power generation system |
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