CN105867112A - Intelligent vehicle based on control algorithm with automatically optimized parameter and control method thereof - Google Patents

Intelligent vehicle based on control algorithm with automatically optimized parameter and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN105867112A
CN105867112A CN201610235462.0A CN201610235462A CN105867112A CN 105867112 A CN105867112 A CN 105867112A CN 201610235462 A CN201610235462 A CN 201610235462A CN 105867112 A CN105867112 A CN 105867112A
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fuzzy
module
intelligent vehicle
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pid
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CN105867112B (en
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姚青青
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B13/00Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
    • G05B13/02Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
    • G05B13/0265Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric the criterion being a learning criterion
    • G05B13/0275Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric the criterion being a learning criterion using fuzzy logic only

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent vehicle based on a control algorithm with an automatically optimized parameter and a control method thereof. The intelligent vehicle comprises the components of an intelligent vehicle body, a single-chip microcomputer which is mounted in the intelligent vehicle body, a speed detecting module, a camera module, a Bluetooth module, a motor driving module, a steering engine driving module and an OLED display module, wherein the speed detecting module, the camera module, the Bluetooth module, the motor driving module, the steering engine driving module and the OLED display module are connected with the single-chip microcomputer. The speed detecting module is used for detecting the rotating speed of a tyre. The camera module is mounted on the intelligent vehicle body and is used for acquiring racing track information in front of the vehicle body. The motor driving module is connected with a motor on the intelligent vehicle body. The steering engine driving module is connected with a steering engine on the intelligent vehicle body. The single-chip microcomputer comprises a PID fuzzy control module and a genetic algorithm optimization module.

Description

The intelligent vehicle of a kind of control algolithm based on parameter automatic optimization and control method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to Freescale intelligent vehicle contest special intelligent car field, particularly relate to a kind of the most excellent based on parameter The intelligent vehicle of the control algolithm changed and control method thereof.
Background technology
Intelligent carriage, as modern new invention, is later developing direction, and he can exist according to pattern set in advance Operating automatically in one environment, it is not necessary to artificial management, militarily, intelligent vehicle can substitute for the mankind and completes jeopardously The assignments such as the band removal of mines, scouting;Industrially, intelligent vehicle can substitute for the mankind and completes Equipment Inspection, the task such as transport goods;In agriculture Industry mechanically, intelligent vehicle can substitute for the mankind complete to spray insecticide, the work such as harvesting, middle weeding;In terms of scientific research, intelligence The mankind can be can substitute for complete Equipment Inspection, the task such as transport goods by car.Intelligent vehicle can realize being taken by self The sensor carried comes perception outside vehicle environmental information and oneself state information, it is possible to show time, speed, mileage in real time, tool There is Automatic Track Finding, seek light, barrier avoiding function, program-controlled travel speed, be accurately positioned parking, the function such as remote transmission image.Existing Intelligent vehicle typically concentrate used automatically control, multi-sensor information fusion, airmanship, wireless communication technology and people The new and high technologies such as work intelligence, are the synthesis of high-quality precision and sophisticated technology.The control aspect of existing intelligent carriage, typically uses in Path Recognition On the basis of, used pid algorithm control before this for speeds control and servos control.
Pid control algorithm: the design of intelligent vehicle control system essentially consists in the routing information detected according to sensor and comes Being controlled dolly, namely turn to intelligent vehicle and be controlled, good control could improve the average speed of car, Increase the stability of intelligent vehicle, therefore the travel direction of dolly is controlled algorithm research, at present on the road of intelligent carriage Footpath is modal in controlling is exactly fuzzy PID algorithm.The adjuster being controlled in the ratio of deviation, integration and differential is referred to as PID regulator, it is technology maturation in continuous system, a kind of adjuster being most widely used, and simple in construction is prone on algorithm Realize.
Genetic algorithm: genetic algorithm is the global optimizing technology of a kind of randomness, it is to solve nonlinear optimal problem Common method, owing to it is not rely on studied a question specific field, and robustness is preferable, with other optimized algorithm phases Ratio, he has: intelligent, adaptability is high, the advantage of concurrency, robustness, astaticism, global optimization.We are to be studied Intelligent vehicle learning algorithm is, during intelligent vehicle moves, records the related data of intelligent vehicle motion, and is calculated by intelligence Method finds the prioritization scheme of relevant parameter.Dolly is made again to travel under same racing track environment, it is possible to run on the most more Under stable state.And the Optimization Work of this parameter value has hand down, parameter combination optimal in the most all vehicles is permissible Automatically being loaded on new car, can use for reference the content of genetic algorithm, intelligent carriage Fuzzy control system based on genetic algorithm has There is Road Detection and follow function.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of control algolithm based on parameter automatic optimization Intelligent vehicle and control method.
Technical scheme is as follows:
The intelligent vehicle of a kind of control algolithm based on parameter automatic optimization includes: intelligent vehicle body, be arranged on intelligent vehicle this Internal single-chip microcomputer, and be connected with single-chip microcomputer velocity measuring module, camera module, bluetooth module, motor drive module, Servo driving module and OLED display module;Described velocity measuring module is for detecting the rotating speed of tire, described camera Module is arranged on intelligent vehicle body and for gathering the racecourse information in car body front;Described motor drive module and intelligent vehicle Motor on body is connected, and described servo driving module is connected with the steering wheel on intelligent vehicle body, and single-chip microcomputer includes that PID obscures Control module and genetic algorithm optimization module.
The invention also discloses the servos control method of described intelligent vehicle:
1) camera module gathers the racing track image in car body front and is sent to single-chip microcomputer, the image that thecamera head is returned For line number be m, columns be the pixel set of n, for given row mk, scan columns n residing for two racing track boundary linesk1With nk2, calculate the column position residing for racing track center lineAnd residing for the center line of the image arrived with camera collection Columns n/2 compare, and calculate the centre deviation of current intelligent vehicle position
2) centre deviation E value is carried out Fuzzy processing, obtain fuzzy variable e, i.e. E value is carried out segmentation, the most adjacent 8 The corresponding fuzzy class of individual E numerical value, fuzzy class is as the output e of obfuscation;
3) a given fuzzy relation matrix, finds the fuzzy output corresponding to fuzzy variable e in fuzzy relation matrix Amount u;
4) fuzzy output amount u is refined, i.e. utilize expression formula to calculate the value of tri-parameters of PID, as PID Fuzzy Control Output quantity U of molding block, calculation expression is as follows:
P value:
ServoPIDP=(ServoPIDPMat [e] * (8-ServoPFuzzyDegree)+ServoPIDPMat [e+1] * ServoPFuzzyDegree)/8 I values:
ServoPIDI=0
D value:
ServoPIDD=ServoPIDDMat [e]
Wherein, ServoPIDP represents the P value of the PID that fuzzy control model exports, and ServoPIDD represents Fuzzy Control molding The D value of the PID of block output, ServoPIDPMat [] is the fuzzy relation matrix that P value is corresponding, and ServoPIDDMat [] is that D value is right The fuzzy relation matrix answered;ServoPFuzzyDegree is E divided by the remainder after 8;
5) output as single-chip microcomputer after genetic algorithm optimization module optimization of output quantity U is used for controlling servo driving mould Block.
The process of described genetic algorithm module optimization is:
1) fitness function is chosen:Wherein ω1ω2ω3For to dependent variable Coefficient, and meet ω123=3, t are current time, and u (t) is the output valve of PID, tuRepresent rising time;e(t) Fuzzy variable e for t;
2) select the ratio of adaptive value as the standard of selection, obtain the selected probability P of each individualityi(ai);
For the population { a that given number of individuals is n1,a2,…an, individual fitness is y (ai), wherein i=1, 2 ... n, its selected probability tables is shown as:
During selecting, individuality is selected to enter population according to the size of select probability;
3) the optimization pid control parameter expression formula that PID based on genetic algorithm controls is:
KP=(1-α1)KP01PIDKP
KI=(1-α2)KI02PIDKI
KD=(1-α3)KD03PIDKD
Wherein, KP, KI, KD are the pid control parameter after optimizing, KP0、KI0、KD0For given PID initial value, PIDKP, PIDKI, PIDKD are the control parameter of PID fuzzy control model output, α1、α2、α3For scale factor;
4) initial population is produced: randomly generate about α123Initial population,
5) carry out selecting, intersect, make a variation step, obtains new group combination;
6) end condition: judge whether to meet end condition, if reaching condition, then exports optimal solution, otherwise turns to step 5), until exporting optimal solution.
The invention also discloses the motor control method of a kind of described intelligent vehicle:
1) camera module gathers the racing track image in car body front and is sent to single-chip microcomputer, the image that thecamera head is returned Being m for line number, columns is the pixel set of n, for given row mk, columns n residing for two racing track boundary lines can be scannedk1With nk2, calculate the column position residing for racing track center lineAnd residing for the center line of the image arrived with camera collection Columns n/2 compare, and calculate the centre deviation of current intelligent vehicle position
2) centre deviation E value is carried out Fuzzy processing, obtain fuzzy variable e: i.e. E value is carried out segmentation, the most adjacent 8 The corresponding fuzzy class of individual E numerical value, fuzzy class is as the output e of obfuscation;
3) a given fuzzy relation matrix, finds the fuzzy output corresponding to fuzzy variable e in fuzzy relation matrix Amount u;
4) fuzzy output amount u is refined, i.e. utilize expression formula to calculate the input value of the PWM ripple controlling motor, express Formula is:
PWM=SpeedTargetMat [e]
Wherein, PWM represents that the input value of the PWM of motor, SpeedTargetMat [] are the fuzzy relation matrix of motor;
5) single-chip microcomputer controls motor according to the input value calculated by motor drive module.
The control system of intelligent vehicle is made up of heading control loop and speed control system, and speed control system is by electricity The control that machine drives makes intelligent vehicle maintain constant speed to run, and heading control loop is for maintaining stability and the fortune of intelligent vehicle Fluency in row, uses the strategy of fuzzy control based on genetic algorithm, output PWM waveform to control steering wheel.
The present invention compared with prior art provides the benefit that:
PID based on parameter automatic optimization controls, and the regulation process solving fuzzy is complicated, and required precision is high, consumption The problem taking substantial amounts of manpower and time cost;Break manual regulation and obscured the situation of variable element, made intelligent vehicle control to enter One new stage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the intelligent vehicle of present invention control algolithm based on parameter automatic optimization;
Fig. 2 is the process schematic that genetic algorithm module optimizes;
Fig. 3 is servos control frame diagram:
Fig. 4 is motor control framework figure.
Detailed description of the invention
As Figure 1-4, the intelligent vehicle of a kind of control algolithm based on parameter automatic optimization includes: intelligent vehicle body, peace Be contained in the intrinsic single-chip microcomputer of intelligent vehicle, and be connected with single-chip microcomputer velocity measuring module, camera module, bluetooth module, Motor drive module, servo driving module and OLED display module;Described velocity measuring module is used for detecting the rotating speed of tire, Described camera module is arranged on intelligent vehicle body and for gathering the racecourse information in car body front;Described motor drives Module is connected with the motor on intelligent vehicle body, and described servo driving module is connected with the steering wheel on intelligent vehicle body, monolithic Machine includes PID fuzzy control model and genetic algorithm optimization module.
Use the single-chip microcomputer MK60DN512ZVLQ10 of dragon Qiu as single-chip microcomputer, use single motor, the form of single steering engine, make Use OV7620 camera, allow intelligent vehicle run on set racing track.During intelligent vehicle runs, pass through camera collection In the image of racing track, and the signal incoming MK60 single-chip microcomputer that will collect, by fuzzy-adaptation PID control based on genetic algorithm, Output PWM ripple controls steering wheel and motor, thus controls the movement velocity of intelligent vehicle and turn to.
The information of the camera collection racing track of intelligent vehicle, single-chip microcomputer is by comparing center line and the racing track of camera collection image The difference of center line calculates site error, using site error as the input value of heading control loop.
In this example, the application of fuzzy algorithmic approach i.e. for optimizing the fuzzy relation matrix during speed steering wheel PID controls, reduces it Dependence to the experience of professional.
The fuzzy control of motor:
1) camera module gathers the racing track image in car body front and is sent to single-chip microcomputer, the image that thecamera head is returned Being m for line number, columns is the pixel set of n.For given row mk, columns n residing for two racing track boundary lines can be scannedk1With nk2, calculate the column position residing for racing track center lineAnd residing for the center line of the image arrived with camera collection Columns n/2 compare, and calculate the centre deviation of current intelligent vehicle position
2) centre deviation E value is carried out Fuzzy processing, obtain fuzzy variable e;I.e. E value is carried out segmentation, the most adjacent 8 The corresponding fuzzy class of individual E numerical value, fuzzy class is as the output e of obfuscation.Concrete segmentation is as follows:
E ∈ [0,8), e=0
E ∈ [8,16), e=1
E ∈ [16,24), e=2
……
E ∈ [64,72), e=8
E ∈ [72 ,+∞), e=9
3) a given fuzzy relation matrix, finds the fuzzy output corresponding to fuzzy variable e in fuzzy relation matrix Amount u.The fuzzy matrix chosen in this example is:
SpeedTargetMat []=[1600,1600,1550,1500,1450,1400,1350,1300]
4) fuzzy output amount u is refined, i.e. utilize expression formula to calculate the input value of the PWM ripple controlling motor.Express Formula is:
PWM=SpeedTargetMat [e]
Wherein, PWM represents that the input value of the PWM of motor, SpeedTargetMat [] are the fuzzy relation matrix of motor.
5) single-chip microcomputer controls motor according to the input value calculated by motor drive module.
The fuzzy-adaptation PID control of steering wheel:
1) camera module gathers the racing track image in car body front and is sent to single-chip microcomputer, the image that thecamera head is returned Being m for line number, columns is the pixel set of n.For given row mk, columns n residing for two racing track boundary lines can be scannedk1With nk2, calculate the column position residing for racing track center lineAnd residing for the center line of the image arrived with camera collection Columns n/2 compare, and calculate the centre deviation of current intelligent vehicle position
2) centre deviation E value is carried out Fuzzy processing, obtain fuzzy variable e;I.e. E value is carried out segmentation, the most adjacent 8 The corresponding fuzzy class of individual E numerical value, fuzzy class is as the output e of obfuscation, and concrete segmentation is as follows:
E ∈ [0,8), e=0
E ∈ [8,16), e=1
E ∈ [16,24), e=2
……
E ∈ [64,72), e=8
E ∈ [72 ,+∞), e=9
3) a given fuzzy relation matrix, finds the fuzzy output corresponding to fuzzy variable e in fuzzy relation matrix Amount u.In this example, fuzzy relation matrix is:
SeveroPIDPMat [10]=[35,37,40,41,45,49,52,56,54,51]
SeveroPIDIMat [10]=[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
SeveroPIDPMat [10]=[20,20,21,22,24,25,25,24,25,20]
4) fuzzy output amount u is refined, i.e. utilize expression formula to calculate the value of tri-parameters of PID, as PID Fuzzy Control Output quantity U of molding block.Calculation expression is as follows:
P value:
ServoPIDP=(ServoPIDPMat [e] * (8-ServoPFuzzyDegree)+ServoPIDPMat [e+1] * ServoPFuzzyDegree)/8I value:
ServoPIDI=0
D value:
ServoPIDD=ServoPIDDMat [e]
Wherein, ServoPIDP represents the P value of the PID that fuzzy control model exports, and ServoPIDD represents Fuzzy Control molding The D value of the PID of block output, ServoPIDPMat [] is the fuzzy relation matrix that P value is corresponding, and ServoPIDDMat [] is that D value is right The fuzzy relation matrix answered;ServoPFuzzyDegree is E divided by the remainder after 8.
5) output as single-chip microcomputer after genetic algorithm optimization module optimization of output quantity U is used for controlling servo driving mould Block.
Genetic algorithm optimization process:
1) as a example by the control of steering wheel, the present invention can choose fitness function: Wherein ω1ω2ω3For the coefficient to dependent variable, and meet ω123=3, t are current time, and u (t) is PID controller Output valve, tuRepresent rising time.
2) in the present invention, the ratio of optional adaptive value, as the standard of selection, obtains the selected probability of each individuality. For the population { a that given number of individuals is n1,a2,...an, individual fitness is y (ai) (i=1,2 ... n), then it enters Probability is selected to be expressed as:During selecting, according to the size of select probability Select individual entrance population;Taking size n=50 of population, evolutionary generation is 100, crossover probability Pc=0.8, mutation probability Pm =0.01, ω1=1.495, ω2=0.005, ω3=1.5
3) the optimization pid control parameter expression formula that PID based on genetic algorithm controls is:
KP=(1-α1)KP01PIDKP
KI=(1-α2)KI02PIDKI
KD=(1-α3)KD03PIDKD
Wherein, KP, KI, KD are the pid control parameter after optimizing, KP0、KI0、KD0For given PID initial value, PIDKP, PIDKI, PIDKD are the pid control parameter of fuzzy controller output, α1、α2、α3For scale factor.
4) initial population is produced: randomly generating in the initial population of n=50, such as population one group of individuality can be expressed as {α123}={ 0.3,0.4,0.5};
5) select: calculate its genetic probability according to the fitness of initial population, screen population of future generation according to probability;
6) intersect: intersecting is exactly to be reconfigured by the part between different individualities, obtains new population of future generation Process.Example: individual 1:A1={ 0.3,0.4,0.5}, individual 2:A2={ 0.5,0.6,0.2}, after intersecting, its generation is new Generation individuality may be: A1 (2)={ 0.3,0.6,0.2} and A2 (2)={ 0.5,0.4,0.5};
7) variation: introduced the factor being not belonging to this population by small probability in population.Example A1={ 0.3,0.4,0.5} becomes A can be produced after different1 (3)={ the offspring individual of 0.9,0.4,0.5};
8) end condition: determining whether through 100 heredity, if having, then terminating, exports population, if nothing, then returns 5) enter Row next round iteration.

Claims (4)

1. the intelligent vehicle of a control algolithm based on parameter automatic optimization, it is characterised in that including: intelligent vehicle body, be arranged on The intrinsic single-chip microcomputer of intelligent vehicle, and be connected with single-chip microcomputer velocity measuring module, camera module, bluetooth module, motor Drive module, servo driving module and OLED display module;Described velocity measuring module is for detecting the rotating speed of tire, described Camera module be arranged on intelligent vehicle body and for gathering the racecourse information in car body front;Described motor drive module Being connected with the motor on intelligent vehicle body, described servo driving module is connected with the steering wheel on intelligent vehicle body, single-chip microcomputer bag Include PID fuzzy control model and genetic algorithm optimization module.
2. the servos control method of an intelligent vehicle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
1) camera module gathers the racing track image in car body front and is sent to single-chip microcomputer, and the image that thecamera head is returned is row The pixel set that number is m, columns is n, for given row mk, scan columns n residing for two racing track boundary linesk1And nk2, meter Calculate the column position residing for racing track center lineAnd the columns residing for center line of the image arrived with camera collection N/2 compares, and calculates the centre deviation of current intelligent vehicle position
2) centre deviation E value is carried out Fuzzy processing, obtain fuzzy variable e, i.e. E value is carried out segmentation, 8 the most adjacent E The corresponding fuzzy class of numerical value, fuzzy class is as the output e of obfuscation;
3) a given fuzzy relation matrix, finds fuzzy output amount u corresponding to fuzzy variable e in fuzzy relation matrix;
4) fuzzy output amount u is refined, i.e. utilize expression formula to calculate the value of tri-parameters of PID, as PID Fuzzy Control molding Output quantity U of block, calculation expression is as follows:
P value:
ServoPIDP=(ServoPIDPMat [e] * (8-ServoPFuzzyDegree)+ServoPIDPMat [e+1] * ServoPFuzzyDegree)/8I value:
ServoPIDI=0
D value:
ServoPIDD=ServoPIDDMat [e]
Wherein, ServoPIDP represents the P value of the PID that fuzzy control model exports, and ServoPIDD represents that fuzzy control model is defeated The D value of the PID gone out, ServoPIDPMat [] is the fuzzy relation matrix that P value is corresponding, and ServoPIDDMat [] is that D value is corresponding Fuzzy relation matrix;ServoPFuzzyDegree is E divided by the remainder after 8;
5) output as single-chip microcomputer after genetic algorithm optimization module optimization of output quantity U is used for controlling servo driving module.
3. the servos control method of intelligent vehicle as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described genetic algorithm module optimization Process be:
1) fitness function is chosen:Wherein ω1ω2ω3For the coefficient to dependent variable, And meet ω123=3, t are current time, and u (t) is the output valve of PID, tuRepresent rising time;When e (t) is t Fuzzy variable e carved;
2) select the ratio of adaptive value as the standard of selection, obtain the selected probability P of each individualityi(ai);
For the population { a that given number of individuals is n1,a2,...an, individual fitness is y (ai), wherein i=1,2 ... n, Its selected probability tables is shown as:
During selecting, individuality is selected to enter population according to the size of select probability;
3) the optimization pid control parameter expression formula that PID based on genetic algorithm controls is:
KP=(1-α1)KP01PIDKP
KI=(1-α2)KI02PIDKI
KD=(1-α3)KD03PIDKD
Wherein, KP, KI, KD are the pid control parameter after optimizing, KP0、KI0、KD0For given PID initial value, PIDKP, PIDKI, PIDKD are the control parameter of PID fuzzy control model output, α1、α2、α3For scale factor;
4) initial population is produced: randomly generate about α123Initial population,
5) carry out selecting, intersect, make a variation step, obtains new group combination;
6) end condition: judge whether to meet end condition, if reaching condition, then exports optimal solution, otherwise turns to step 5), directly To output optimal solution.
4. the motor control method of an intelligent vehicle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
1) camera module gathers the racing track image in car body front and is sent to single-chip microcomputer, and the image that thecamera head is returned is row Number is m, and columns is the pixel set of n, for given row mk, columns n residing for two racing track boundary lines can be scannedk1And nk2, Calculate the column position residing for racing track center lineAnd the row residing for center line of the image arrived with camera collection Number n/2 compares, and calculates the centre deviation of current intelligent vehicle position
2) centre deviation E value is carried out Fuzzy processing, obtain fuzzy variable e: i.e. E value is carried out segmentation, 8 the most adjacent E The corresponding fuzzy class of numerical value, fuzzy class is as the output e of obfuscation;
3) a given fuzzy relation matrix, finds fuzzy output amount u corresponding to fuzzy variable e in fuzzy relation matrix;
4) fuzzy output amount u being refined, i.e. utilize expression formula to calculate the input value of the PWM ripple controlling motor, expression formula is:
PWM=SpeedTargetMat [e]
Wherein, PWM represents that the input value of the PWM of motor, SpeedTargetMat [] are the fuzzy relation matrix of motor;
5) single-chip microcomputer controls motor according to the input value calculated by motor drive module.
CN201610235462.0A 2016-04-15 2016-04-15 A kind of intelligent vehicle and its control method of the control algolithm based on parameter automatic optimization Expired - Fee Related CN105867112B (en)

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