CN105866699A - Battery SOC (state of charge) estimation method - Google Patents
Battery SOC (state of charge) estimation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105866699A CN105866699A CN201610339997.2A CN201610339997A CN105866699A CN 105866699 A CN105866699 A CN 105866699A CN 201610339997 A CN201610339997 A CN 201610339997A CN 105866699 A CN105866699 A CN 105866699A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
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Abstract
The invention provides a battery SOC (state of charge) estimation method. The method comprises steps as follows: when a battery is in a static state, the SOC of the battery is acquired with an open-circuit voltage method; when the battery is in a dynamic state, the SOC of the battery is acquired according to an estimation formula obtained offline. By means of the battery SOC estimation method, the calculated amount during online estimation of SOC can be effectively reduced, consumption of calculation resources and occupation of storage space are reduced, energy consumption of equipment is reduced, and the SOC estimation speed is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery measurement field, be specifically related to the evaluation method of a kind of battery charge amount.
Background technology
The electrode of lead-acid battery (Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery, VRLA) mainly by lead and
Oxide is made, and electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution.In the discharged condition, positive pole is mainly composed of Lead oxide brown, negative
Pole is mainly composed of lead；Under charged state, the main component of both positive and negative polarity is lead sulfate.
It is excellent that lead-acid battery has security seal, simple, length in service life, steady quality, the reliability height of maintenance etc.
Point, be widely used in telecommunications, stand-by power supply (UPS), Electronic Switching System, grid-connected power generation system,
The fields such as Electric control locomotive.
Lead-acid battery electrochemically carries out energy storage, and therefore internal remaining chemical energy is can not be measured directly.
Further, owing to the mutual transformation process of lead-acid battery chemical energy Yu electric energy is not fully reversible, plumbic acid electricity is caused
The internal convertible chemical energy in pond along with the access times of lead-acid battery and the time of use, store the time increase and
Decay.Similarly, since the decision of chemical characteristic, variation of ambient temperature can be to having influence on lead-acid battery internal chemical
The switching rate of energy and activeness, thus can be to the charge/discharge rates of lead-acid battery, efficiency, the capacity of battery produces
Raw certain impact.
Current existing energy-storage battery SOC (State of Charge, state-of-charge, i.e. battery dump energy) estimates
Calculation method has:
(1) ampere-hour integration method: ampere-hour integration method is the most frequently used and simplest SOC estimation method.Another discharge and recharge
Initial state is SOC0, battery rated capacity is CN, battery current is I, and battery efficiency is η, then
Battery under current state
(2) open-circuit voltage method: open-circuit voltage method is to utilize between the open-circuit voltage of battery and the carrying capacity of battery
Corresponding relation, estimates a kind of method of SOC by measuring the open-circuit voltage of battery.The precision of open-circuit voltage method
High, simple to operate, simultaneously need to the static long period obtain stable open-circuit voltage values.
(3) internal resistance method: research shows there is higher dependency between internal resistance and the degree of charge of battery, passes through
Measure the internal resistance of cell and can accurately predict its dump energy.Accumulator fully charged (being full of) and discharging completely
Time (discharging), its internal resistance differs about 2-4 times.Along with the carrying out of battery charging process, internal resistance progressively reduces；
Along with the carrying out of discharge process, internal resistance incrementally increases.It addition, along with cell degradation, its internal resistance is also gradually increased,
Its dump energy declines the most therewith.
(4) Kalman filtering method: Kalman filtering method is a kind of with least mean-square error for the optimum criterion estimated,
Seek the algorithm of a set of recurrence estimation, need to take very many calculating and storage resource；Apply this algorithm pair
The overall requirement such as system computing capacity, hardware condition, experimental design is higher.
Above-mentioned evaluation method there is problems in that
(1) ampere-hour integration method
Take more calculating relative to four arithmetic operation integral algorithm and store data resource；
Belong to a kind of open-loop prediction method, if current measurement is forbidden, will result in SOC and calculate error, long
Phase accumulates, and error is increasing；
Battery efficiency to be considered；In the case of the condition of high temperature and current fluctuation acutely, error is relatively
Greatly；
Current measurement can solve by using high-performance electric flow sensor, but cost increases；
Solve battery efficiency and to set up battery efficiency experience public by great many of experiments in advance
Formula.
(2) open-circuit voltage method
Standing when needing battery long, to reach voltage stabilization, battery status returns to stable from work, needs
Wanting several hours even ten several hours, this causes difficulty to measurement；
How time of repose determines itself is also a problem, needs the experiment by certain number of times or experience
Just can determine that.
(3) internal resistance method
1. internal resistance method also exists the difficulty of estimation internal resistance, is also difficult on hardware.
(4) Kalman filtering method
2. difficulty is set due to system, and during application, cost is the highest in battery management system, does not possess excellent
Gesture.
Therefore, those skilled in the art are devoted under static state to estimate lead-acid battery residual capacity
Calculate, need not move through again the evaluation method of the lead-acid battery residual capacity of long integration accumulation.
Summary of the invention
In view of problems of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide the evaluation method of a kind of battery charge amount,
Under static state lead-acid battery residual capacity can not only be estimated, and when lead-acid battery is in discharge and recharge
During state, it is not necessary to accumulate through long integration, just can while obtaining stable voltage x current value
Estimate rapidly the residual capacity of present battery, it is to avoid cumulative error that long-time ampere-hour integration method is brought and storage
Deposit the resource occupation problem calculating space.
When estimating dynamic SOC, it is common that use ampere-hour integration method and combine corresponding algorithm and arrive to revise data
Current SOC value.In order to obtain relatively accurate result, it will usually carry out substantial amounts of in line computation, therefore can account for
Resource is calculated by a part.
The evaluation method of the battery charge amount that the present invention provides, is transferred to complicated calculating under line, advanced processing,
When battery charging and discharging, only need to measure current voltage current value and just can estimate currently according to the formula obtained
SOC。
The present invention provides the evaluation method of a kind of battery charge amount, comprises the following steps:
(1) it is in static state when battery, obtains the carrying capacity of battery with open-circuit voltage method；When battery is in dynamically,
The estimation equation obtained according to off-line obtains the carrying capacity of battery.
Further, estimation equation is:
SOC=k* (V/I)-b,
Wherein, SOC is the carrying capacity of battery, and V is voltage, and I is electric current, k Yu b is the function of electric current.
Further, the method for the carrying capacity that step (1) obtains battery according to estimation equation comprises the following steps:
(11) voltage of battery, electric current and ambient temperature are gathered；
(12) voltage, electric current and the ambient temperature that will gather, brings estimation equation into, it is thus achieved that battery charged
Amount.
Further, k is the linear function of electric current.
Further, b is the linear function of electric current.
Further, estimation equation also includes temperature adjustment coefficient f:
F=(1-T/T0)ε
Wherein, T is ambient temperature, and T0 is battery freezing point temperature, and ε is empirical value.
Further, the method that in step (1), estimation equation off-line obtains is:
(13) at different ambient temperatures, it is thus achieved that the ratio of voltage V and electric current I and the curve of carrying capacity SOC,
Obtain estimation equation:
SOC=k* (V/I)-b
Wherein, SOC is the carrying capacity of battery, and V is voltage, and I is electric current, k Yu b is the function of electric current.
Further, step (13) obtains the ratio of voltage V and electric current I and the curve of carrying capacity SOC
Method comprises the following steps:
(131) utilize monitoring cell electricity quantity device, battery carried out charging measurement or the discharge test of different electric current,
Collecting battery data, battery data includes voltage, electric current and carrying capacity SOC；
(132) according to battery data, the ratio of voltage V and electric current I and the curve of carrying capacity SOC are simulated:
SOC=k (V/I)-b.
Further, the method for the carrying capacity obtaining battery according to open-circuit voltage in step (1) comprises the following steps:
(14) battery open circuit voltage is gathered；
(15) according to the relation of open-circuit voltage Yu carrying capacity SOC, it is thus achieved that the carrying capacity SOC of battery.
Compared with prior art, the evaluation method of the battery charge amount that the present invention provides, have the advantages that energy
Amount of calculation during enough very effectively minimizing estimation on line SOC, reduces calculating the consumption of resource and accounting for of storage area
With, reduce equipment energy consumption, improve SOC estimated speed.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system flow chart of the evaluation method of the battery charge amount of one embodiment of the present of invention；
Fig. 2 is k and the b curve with curent change；
Fig. 3 is the comparison diagram that the estimation equation utilizing charging experiment to obtain carries out carrying capacity and the actual carrying capacity estimated；
Fig. 4 is the comparison diagram of the estimation equation utilizing discharge test the to obtain carrying capacity that carries out estimating and actual carrying capacity.
Detailed description of the invention
The evaluation method of the battery charge amount of one embodiment of the present of invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) it is in static state when battery, obtains the carrying capacity of battery with open-circuit voltage method；When battery is in dynamically,
The estimation equation obtained according to off-line obtains the carrying capacity of battery.
Estimation equation is:
SOC=k* (V/I)-b,
Wherein, SOC is the carrying capacity of battery, and V is voltage, and I is electric current, k Yu b is the function of electric current.
Step (1) comprises the following steps according to the method for the carrying capacity that estimation equation obtains battery:
(11) voltage of battery, electric current and ambient temperature are gathered；
(12) voltage, electric current and the ambient temperature that will gather, brings estimation equation into, it is thus achieved that battery charged
Amount.
K is the linear function of electric current, k=x1*I+y1.
B is the linear function of electric current, b=x2*I+y2.
The method that in step (1), estimation equation off-line obtains is:
(13) at different ambient temperatures, it is thus achieved that the ratio of voltage V and electric current I and the curve of carrying capacity SOC,
Obtain estimation equation:
SOC=k* (V/I)-b
Wherein, SOC is the carrying capacity of battery, and V is voltage, and I is electric current, k Yu b is the function of electric current.
The method of the ratio of voltage V and electric current I and the curve of carrying capacity SOC of obtaining in step (13) include with
Lower step:
(131) utilize monitoring cell electricity quantity device, battery carried out charging measurement or the discharge test of different electric current,
Collecting battery data, battery data includes voltage, electric current and carrying capacity SOC；
(132) according to battery data, the ratio of voltage V and electric current I and the curve of carrying capacity SOC are simulated:
SOC=k (V/I)-b.
The method of the carrying capacity obtaining battery according to open-circuit voltage in step (1) comprises the following steps:
(14) battery open circuit voltage is gathered；
(15) according to the relation of open-circuit voltage Yu carrying capacity SOC, it is thus achieved that the carrying capacity SOC of battery.
Specifically, as it is shown in figure 1, the evaluation method of battery charge amount, comprise the following steps:
(1) it is in static state when battery, performs step (4)；When battery is in dynamically, perform step (2)；
(2) voltage of battery, electric current and ambient temperature are gathered；
(3) voltage, electric current and the ambient temperature that will gather, brings estimation equation into, it is thus achieved that the carrying capacity of battery
SOC, performs step (1)；
(4) battery open circuit voltage is gathered；
(5) according to the relation of open-circuit voltage Yu carrying capacity SOC, it is thus achieved that the carrying capacity SOC of battery, step is performed
(1)。
Off-line obtains estimation equation, in the case of different electric currents, lead-acid battery is carried out charge-discharge test, collects
Voltage, electric current and carrying capacity data, obtain V/I and carrying capacity SOC in the case of different charging and discharging currents by matching
Relation, i.e. estimation equation.
Here carrying capacity data can use monitoring cell electricity quantity device to obtain.
Specifically, at a set temperature, 12V100Ah lead-acid battery is charged experiment.
Design temperature be typically chosen lead-acid battery work temperature, such as 10 DEG C.
In the current margin of lead-acid battery, select multiple current value to be charged experiment, such as, select
Select 11 current values, obtain one group of voltage corresponding to each current value, electric current and carrying capacity data, utilize number
It is predicted or aid simulates the relation of carrying capacity and V/I, the present embodiment uses what EXCEL carried become
Gesture line function is fitted, and obtains relationship below, i.e. estimation equation:
SOC1=k1 (V1/I1)-b1
SOC2=k2 (V2/I2)-b2
SOC3=k3 (V3/I3)-b3
SOC4=k4 (V4/I4)-b4
SOC5=k5 (V5/I5)-b5
SOC6=k6 (V6/I6)-b6
SOC7=k7 (V7/I7)-b7
SOC8=k8 (V8/I8)-b8
SOC9=k9 (V9/I9)-b9
SOC10=k10 (V10/I10)-b10
SOC11=k11 (V11/I11)-b11
Wherein k is:
K1=x1*I1+y1
K2=x2*I2+y2
K3=x3*I3+y3
K4=x4*I4+y4
K5=x5*I5+y5
K6=x6*I6+y6
K7=x7*I7+y7
K8=x8*I8+y8
K9=x9*I9+y9
K10=x10*I10+y10
K11=x11*I11+y11
B is:
B1=u1*I1+v1
B2=u2*I2+v2
B3=u3*I3+v3
B4=u4*I4+v4
B5=u5*I5+v5
B6=u6*I6+v6
B7=u7*I7+v7
B8=u8*I8+v8
B9=u9*I9+v9
B10=u10*I10+v10
B11=u11*I11+v11
It is hereby achieved that 11 groups corresponding to the value of k and b of different charging currents, these values can intend respectively
Close out k and the b curve with curent change, as shown in Figure 2.
Carry out carrying capacity estimation, first with k and b with the curve of curent change, calculate k and b, further according to
Estimation equation estimates carrying capacity.
Carrying capacity changes along with the change of temperature, in order to estimate carrying capacity more accurately, enters at different temperatures
Row charging experiment, it is thus achieved that temperature adjustment coefficient f:
SOC=f* (k* (V/I)-b)
Here temperature adjustment coefficient f is the function of temperature and battery freezing point temperature.
Battery freezing point temperature refers to the freezing point temperature of battery electrolyte.
Temperature adjustment coefficient f in estimation equation:
F=(1-T/T0)ε
Wherein, T is ambient temperature, and T0 is battery freezing point temperature, and ε is empirical value, in the present embodiment, experience
ε is in the range of [0,1] for value.
When using above-mentioned estimation equation, obtain the charging current of present battery and voltage and ambient temperature by sampling,
Bring in above-mentioned drawn formula, just can monitor the carrying capacity SOC under battery current state in real time, such as Fig. 3 institute
Show.
Certainly in step (1), battery discharge test be can also be carried out, V/I and carrying capacity SOC data obtained,
Use identical method, it is thus achieved that k and b is with the curve of curent change；Utilize k and b with the curve of curent change,
Calculate k and b, estimate carrying capacity further according to estimation equation.
When using above-mentioned estimation equation, obtain the charging current of present battery and voltage and ambient temperature by sampling,
Bring in above-mentioned drawn formula, just can monitor the carrying capacity SOC under battery current state in real time, such as Fig. 4 institute
Show.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention described in detail above.Should be appreciated that the ordinary skill people of this area
Member just can make many modifications and variations according to the design of the present invention without creative work.Therefore, all skill
In art field technical staff the most on the basis of existing technology by logical analysis, reasoning or
The available technical scheme of limited experiment, all should be in the protection domain being defined in the patent claims.
Claims (10)
1. the evaluation method of a battery charge amount, it is characterised in that the evaluation method of described battery charge amount include with
Lower step:
(1) it is in static state when battery, obtains the carrying capacity of described battery according to open-circuit voltage；When described battery is in dynamically,
The estimation equation obtained according to off-line obtains the carrying capacity of described battery.
2. the evaluation method of battery charge amount as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described estimation equation is:
SOC=k* (V/I)-b,
Wherein, SOC is the carrying capacity of battery, and V is voltage, and I is electric current, k Yu b is the function of electric current I.
3. the evaluation method of battery charge amount as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described estimation equation also wraps
Include temperature adjustment coefficient.
4. the evaluation method of battery charge amount as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) is according to estimating
The method calculating the carrying capacity that formula obtains described battery comprises the following steps:
(11) voltage of described battery, electric current and ambient temperature are gathered；
(12) described voltage, described electric current and the described ambient temperature that will gather, brings described estimation equation into, it is thus achieved that institute
State the carrying capacity of battery.
5. the evaluation method of battery charge amount as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that k is the linear function of electric current.
6. the evaluation method of battery charge amount as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that b is the linear function of electric current.
7. the evaluation method of battery charge amount as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described estimation equation also includes
Temperature adjustment coefficient f:
F=(1-T/T0)ε
Wherein, T is ambient temperature, and T0 is battery freezing point temperature, and ε is empirical value.
8. the evaluation method of battery charge amount as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), off-line obtains
The method obtaining estimation equation is:
(13) at different ambient temperatures, it is thus achieved that the ratio of voltage V and electric current I and the curve of carrying capacity SOC, obtain
Estimation equation:
SOC=k* (V/I)-b
Wherein, SOC is the carrying capacity of battery, and V is voltage, and I is electric current, k Yu b is the function of electric current.
9. the evaluation method of battery charge amount as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that obtain electricity in step (13)
The ratio of pressure V and electric current I comprises the following steps with the method for the curve of carrying capacity SOC:
(131) utilize monitoring cell electricity quantity device, battery is carried out charging measurement or the discharge test of different electric current, collects electricity
Pond data, described battery data includes voltage, electric current and carrying capacity SOC；
(132) according to described battery data, the ratio of voltage V and electric current I and the curve of carrying capacity SOC are simulated:
SOC=k (V/I)-b.
10. the evaluation method of battery charge amount as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that according to opening in step (1)
The method of the carrying capacity that road voltage obtains described battery comprises the following steps:
(15) battery open circuit voltage is gathered；
(16) according to the relation of open-circuit voltage Yu carrying capacity SOC, it is thus achieved that the carrying capacity SOC of described battery.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN109581243A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-05 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | The method and apparatus for estimating the SOC of battery |
| CN110221213A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-09-10 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | The method and apparatus for calculating the SOC of battery |
| CN111679213A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-18 | 重庆金康动力新能源有限公司 | Battery SOC correction method and device and storage medium |
| CN113447826A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-09-28 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | SOC determination method and device based on steady-state equivalent circuit model |
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