CN105866615B - 10kV distribution line disconnection fault determination method based on three-phase voltage current - Google Patents
10kV distribution line disconnection fault determination method based on three-phase voltage current Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of 10kV distribution line disconnection fault determination method based on three-phase voltage current, comprising: obtain voltage, the current information of each node of power distribution network；The route to break down is determined according to collected power distribution network current information, and judges whether faulty line is disconnection fault；Judgement is single-phase or multiphase disconnection fault；Determine single-phase or multiphase disconnection fault specific fault type；It is whether consistent by more each node voltage information forward or backward, determine specific fault section.The invention has the advantages that: by collected voltage and current information, can not only carry out single-phase wire break and its be grounded the judgement of complex fault, additionally it is possible to break to multiphase and its be grounded complex fault and accurately be detected and positioned, shorten the time of troubleshooting.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to distribution line failure diagnostic techniques field, in particular to a kind of 10kV based on three-phase voltage current
Distribution line disconnection fault determination method.
Background technique
In general power distribution network refers to the electric power networks of 35kV and its following voltage class, effect is each in city matches
Power station and the power supply of all kinds of power loads.Most cities distribution line in China's is supplied using 10kV voltage class to user at present
Electricity.Distribution line distribution is wide, and total length is long, but running environment is severe, easily because of lightning stroke, mechanical external force effect and line load
It overloads and disconnection fault occurs, seriously threaten the safety and reliability of power supply.After disconnection fault occurs for route, the voltage of system
Quality will will receive fairly obvious influence, and the hree-phase symmetry of system is destroyed, while it is also possible to cause motor because
Phase-deficient operation and burn, substantially reduce the service life of equipment.Furthermore also had after breaking it is very big may continue to occur it is each
Kind ground fault, will likely cause fire, or even electrocute people and animals in this way, and cause the consequence for being difficult to save.
The regularity of distribution of the prior art by negative-sequence current when analysis power distribution network generation single-phase wire break failure in systems, obtains
System negative-sequence current is most of after being out of order flows to power supply through faulty line by fault point, and the negative-sequence current phase of non-fault line
To smaller, in this, as the theoretical foundation of failure line selection, and after faulted phase current absolute value difference minimax difference three
It is the largest in phase processor result, can then take negative-sequence current and faulted phase voltage in half of cycle with preliminary judgement failure phase
Product to the integrated value of time as energy norm, operating criterion are as follows: by the maximum for avoiding other feeder line single-phase wire break failures
Energy norm is adjusted.
The prior art is directed to the radial topological feature of 10kV overhead transmission line, using fault component method to single-phase wire break failure
Negative sequence voltage analyzed, propose the single-phase wire break criterion based on negative sequence voltage amplitude.And combine load monitoring point
Minimal path to power supply point is analyzed, and the single-phase wire break fault zone determination method based on load monitor is proposed, by drawing
Surely the Probability Area of generation single-phase wire break failure and impossible region, while set difference operation is made into the two regions, obtain minimum
Disconnection fault region.
Accident analysis and fault detection locating scheme in above-mentioned technology have the disadvantage that
1. above-mentioned document both for be single-phase wire break failure propose treating method, to additional ground failure, especially
It is to lack adequately analysis to multiphase disconnection fault, solution is relatively single, and is difficult to judge fault type；
2. by detection negative-sequence current voltage as judgment basis, need load side increase equipment, increase investment with
The workload of equipment O&M；
3. be easy to causeing erroneous judgement under specific load type cases as judgment basis by comparing voltage current phase difference
Disconnected, reliability is difficult to ensure；
4. determining that abort situation is still difficult to accurately determine fault section by dividing region, need indirect labor's inspection true
Fixed specific fault point.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome the above problem, a kind of 10kV distribution wire based on three-phase voltage current is proposed
Road disconnection fault determination method, this method rely solely on the information that can be obtained on existing equipment, without increasing new equipment；Sentence
It is simple to determine principle, high reliablity；It can break to single-phase and multiphase and its ground connection complex fault is accurately determined.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
10kV distribution line disconnection fault determination method based on three-phase voltage current, comprising:
(1) voltage, the current information of each node of power distribution network are obtained；If the voltage of certain measurement point or certain several measurement point is electric
Flowing amplitude of variation is more than given threshold, then distribution line breaks down；
(2) route that breaks down is determined according to collected power distribution network current information, and judge faulty line whether be
Otherwise disconnection fault, terminates if so, entering in next step；
(3) judge fault type for single-phase wire break failure or multiphase disconnection fault；If it is single-phase wire break failure, enter
Step (4)；If it is multiphase disconnection fault, (5) are entered step；
(4) virtual value and voltage according to each phase voltage of power supply side bus after phase voltage virtual value, failure before failure are whole
Relationship between definite value determines the specific fault type of single-phase wire break failure；Enter step (6)；
(5) according to the virtual value, failure afterload of each phase voltage of power supply side bus after phase voltage virtual value, failure before failure
Relationship between side phase-to-ground voltage and voltage setting valve determines the specific fault type of multiphase disconnection fault；It enters step
(6)；
(6) whether consistent by more each node voltage information forward or backward, determine specific fault section.
Further, in the step (2), if occurring phase current missing or three-phase in distribution line three-phase current
Electric current all reduces, then the distribution line is determined as faulty line；
When the absolute value that an at least phase current occurs in faulty line is less than current calibration threshold value, determine that faulty line is disconnected
Line failure.
Further, in the step (3),
If meeting the following conditions simultaneously, it is judged as single-phase wire break failure:
1) wherein the absolute value of the current effective value of a phase is not more than current calibration threshold value；
2) in addition two-phase current effective value absolute value it is equal, and its value betweenBetween, INFor event
Phase current virtual value before hindering；
3) difference of the current phase angle of other two-phase is between [120 °, 180 °]；
If the virtual value of faulty line three-phase current is equal, and absolute value is then sentenced no more than current calibration threshold value
It is set to and multiphase disconnection fault occurs.
Further, in the step (4), the determination method of the specific fault type of single-phase wire break failure are as follows:
1) judge whether the phase that voltage is zero occur, if it is not, being determined as the hanging failure in single-phase wire break both ends, voltage
A raised phase is determined as disconnection fault phase；If so, being then accompanied by ground fault, it is transferred in next step；
2) judge phase that power supply is zero in source side still in load side, if being determined as single-phase wire break in source side
It powers up and flanks earth fault, voltage is zero to be mutually determined as disconnection fault phase；If being determined as that single-phase wire break adds in load side
Load side ground fault, voltage are zero to be mutually determined as disconnection fault phase.
Further, in the step (5), the specific fault type of multiphase disconnection fault includes: that two-phase broken string is earth-free
Failure, two-phase broken string power-up one phase ground fault of source, two-phase broken string one phase ground fault of application of load side, three-phase disconnection fault.
Further, in the step (5),
If faulty line three-phase current is all satisfied less than current calibration threshold value, and a phase voltage is occurred and be down to 0, then sentence
Whether disconnected is that load side voltage is down to 0:
If load side voltage is down to 0, can determine that as two-phase broken string one phase ground fault of application of load side, source side occurs
The non-zero two-phase of voltage is failure phase；
If load side voltage is not 0, it is judged to occurring two-phase broken string power-up one phase ground fault of source, source side electricity
Pressing the two-phase different with load side voltage is failure phase.
Further, in the step (5),
If faulty line three-phase current is all satisfied less than current calibration threshold value, and not occurring a phase voltage is 0；Then sentence
Whether power-off source phase voltage changes, if changed, is determined as two-phase broken string phase to phase fault, two voltages raisings are mutually
Disconnection fault phase.
Further, in the step (5),
If each phase voltage of load side is down to 0, source side voltage is remained unchanged, then is determined as three-phase disconnection fault.
Further, it is determined that the method for specific fault section are as follows:
If source side voltage change exceeds given threshold, the trouble-shooting point backward since power supply side gusset first compares
First node voltage and second node voltage after power supply side gusset, if the two is consistent, then after comparing power supply side gusset
Second node voltage and third node voltage, until finding two inconsistent nodes of node voltage information, it is determined that therefore
Barrier point is between the two nodes；
If the variation of power supply side bus voltage is not above given threshold, failure afterload side voltage change, which will exceed, to be set
Determine threshold value, the trouble-shooting point forward since load side, finds two inconsistent nodes of adjacent node information of voltage, then at this time
Determine that fault point is located between the two nodes.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the principle of the invention is simple, realizes and be easy；It is not required to additionally increase equipment, it is at low cost, do not increase maintenance work amoun；
2. can not only carry out single-phase wire break by collected voltage and current information and its be grounded sentencing for complex fault
It is fixed, additionally it is possible to break to multiphase and its be grounded complex fault and accurately be detected and positioned, shorten the time of troubleshooting.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is distribution network equivalent structure figure；
Fig. 2 is distribution line monitoring device structure chart of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the system construction drawing that the present invention carries out disconnection fault detection and positioning；
Fig. 4 is fault verification main flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is single-phase wire break fault verification flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is multiphase disconnection fault decision flowchart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment:
The present invention will be further described with example with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Power distribution network simplified structure diagram as shown in Figure 1,1-8 nodes are this monitoring device installation point, interior joint 2,3 sections
Disconnection fault has occurred between point, route I is faulty line, and route II represents the substitutional connection of other non-fault lines.
Process as shown in Figure 4, the present embodiment carry out the detection and positioning of 10kV disconnection fault by following steps:
The first step, the monitoring device by being mounted on each node of distribution line obtain the voltage of each node, current information.
The power distribution network refers to by overhead transmission line, cable, shaft tower, distribution transformer, disconnecting switch, reactive-load compensation equipment
And the radial pattern electric power networks of the 10kV voltage class of other affiliated facilities composition.
The monitoring device possesses structure as shown in Figure 2, and the analog quantitys such as voltage, electric current pass through voltage transformer secondary
Side, Current Transformer Secondary side input equipment, data collection system include voltage formation, simulation low-pass filter (LPF), sampling
The functional blocks such as retainer (S/H) and digital-to-analogue conversion (A/D), simulation input amount is accurately converted to micro computer by completion to be known
Other digital quantity；Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip analyzes digital signal, obtains the amplitude phase of institute's collection voltages electric current
Position；Obtained voltage and current information is compared with the failure criterion in storage facilities for host CPU, judges whether to occur disconnected
Line failure and fault type；Communication interface connects host CPU and communication network, is uploaded by communication interface host CPU to master control system
The fault message of each measurement point, master control system assign action command to host CPU；The isolation such as exit relay connection line disconnecting link are set
It is standby, it is acted under host CPU order；Human-computer interaction device's interface connects the display equipment such as liquid crystal display, alarm window, alarm lamp,
Fault message is reported to staff.
The voltage, current information refer to each phase-to-ground voltage amplitude of each node and phase, each phase current magnitude
And phase.
Step 2: when the voltage and current amplitude of variation for detecting certain measurement point or certain several measurement point is more than given threshold,
Faulty line is judged according to collected current information first, determination is short trouble or disconnection fault, while determination is single
Phase disconnection fault or multiphase disconnection fault.
(1) faulty line screens:
The route for occurring breaking will appear phase current missing or three-phase current is all greatly lowered, rather than fault wire
Road three-phase current is normal.
(2) differentiation of short trouble and disconnection fault:
Using current value as criterion, when an appearance at least phase current | If| < Iset, wherein IfFor faulted phase current, IsetFor electricity
Stream adjusting threshold value, should be adjusted, electric current meets by the maximum current that failure is mutually likely to occur when occurring disconnection fault in system
Above formula then can determine that disconnection fault occurred.I.e. when there is an at least phase current less than setting valve, so that it may which judgement has occurred
Disconnection fault, and it is not in the situation that electric current is greatly lowered that short trouble occurs in isolated neutral system.
(3) determine single-phase wire break failure or multiphase disconnection fault:
If meeting the following conditions simultaneously, it is judged as single-phase wire break failure:
1) wherein the absolute value of the current effective value of a phase is not more than current calibration threshold value；
2) in addition two-phase current effective value absolute value it is equal, and its value betweenBetween, INFor event
Phase current virtual value before hindering；
3) difference of the current phase angle of other two-phase is between [120 °, 180 °]；
WhereinFor three-phase current, IsetFor current calibration threshold value, should by when occurring disconnection fault in system therefore
Hinder the maximum current that is mutually likely to occur to adjust, ILFor failure preload current effective value.When three-phase current meets above-mentioned condition
When, it is possible to determine that for A phase disconnection fault has occurred.
Multiphase disconnection fault electric current criterion:
IsetIt, should be by the maximum current that failure is mutually likely to occur when occurring disconnection fault in system for current calibration threshold value
It adjusts, can be determined that when electric current meets above-mentioned condition and multiphase disconnection fault occurs.
Step 3: resulting according to second step as a result, respectively enteing single-phase wire break fault verification process or multiphase broken string
Fault verification process determines specific fault type.
Specifically fault type includes:
The hanging failure in single-phase wire break both ends, single-phase wire break power up and flank earth fault, single-phase wire break application of load flanks ground event
Barrier；
The hanging failure in two-phase broken string both ends, two-phase broken string power-up one phase ground fault of source, two-phase broken string application of load side one
Phase ground fault.
As shown in figure 5, single-phase wire break determination flow specifically includes:
1) judge whether the phase that voltage is zero occur, if it is not, being determined as the hanging failure in single-phase wire break both ends, voltage
A raised phase is determined as disconnection fault phase；If so, being then accompanied by ground fault, it is transferred in next step；
The assistant criteria of the hanging failure of single-phase wire break and both ends are as follows:
In above formulaEach phase-to-ground voltage of power supply side bus, E respectively after failureMFor the event of power supply side bus
Phase voltage virtual value before hindering, Δ E are adjusting allowable error value, should be the maximum deviation of phase voltage when the failure occurring in system
Value.
2) judge phase that power supply is zero in source side still in load side, if being determined as single-phase wire break in source side
It powers up and flanks earth fault, voltage is zero to be mutually determined as disconnection fault phase；If being determined as that single-phase wire break adds in load side
Load side ground fault, voltage are zero to be mutually determined as disconnection fault phase.
Single-phase wire break and source side ground fault assistant criteria are as follows:
In above formula, UsetIt, should be by the maximum voltage that failure is mutually likely to occur when the failure occurring in system for voltage setting valve
To adjust.Single-phase wire break and load side ground fault assistant criteria are as follows:
UANFor failure afterload side A phase-to-ground voltage virtual value, Δ E is adjusting allowable error value, should be in system and occurs
The maximum deflection difference value of phase voltage when the failure.
Multiphase disconnection fault determination flow is as shown in fig. 6, specifically include:
Two-phase broken string and source side line to line fault and two-phase broken string and the same two-phase of source side line to line fault ground fault feature
There is phase fault electric current in short trouble, carries out protection seting according to current protection principle, and current protecting equipment will act at this time
Tripping.
If there is not phase fault electric current, three-phase current is not more than current calibration threshold value, judges whether occur
One phase voltage is down to 0；
If 1, faulty line three-phase current is all satisfied current calibration threshold value, and a phase voltage occurs and be down to 0, then judge
Whether it is that load side voltage is down to 0:
If load side voltage is down to 0, can determine that as two-phase broken string one phase ground fault of application of load side, source side occurs
The non-zero two phase place failure phase of voltage.
Two-phase broken string one phase ground fault assistant criteria of application of load side are as follows:
It is indicated because three coincide with a symbol for load side phase voltage virtual value.According to
It can be determined that and be out of order mutually for B, C two-phase, know it is load side ground connection by A phase voltage is minimum.
If load side voltage is not 0, one phase voltage of source side is down to 0, then is judged to occurring two-phase broken string power-up source
One phase ground fault, the source side voltage two-phase different with load side voltage are failure phase.
Two-phase broken string power-up one phase ground fault assistant criteria of source is (by taking B phase is grounded as an example):
UsetFor voltage setting valve；Δ E is adjusting allowable error value, and setting principle is same as above；For failure afterload side phase
Voltage-to-ground is indicated because three coincide with a symbol.
If 2, faulty line three-phase current is all satisfied current calibration threshold value, not occurring a phase voltage is 0；Then it is determined as
Two-phase broken string phase to phase fault, it is mutually disconnection fault phase that two voltages, which increase,.
Two-phase broken string phase to phase fault assistant criteria are as follows:
The virtual value of each phase voltage of power supply side bus, E respectively after failureMHave for phase voltage before failure
Valid value.
3, three-phase disconnection fault is equivalent to cutting load, and fault signature is obvious, and each phase voltage of load side is down to 0, power supply
Side voltage remains unchanged.
The source side is positioned at fault point upstream close to the side of feeder ear.The load side is leaned on for trouble point downstream
Nearly receiving end side.
Step 4: it is whether consistent by more each node voltage information forward or backward, determine specific fault section.
The detailed process of the node voltage information more each forward or backward is described as follows:
As shown in Fig. 3 system diagram, monitoring device is mounted on each measurement point of distribution line, and each device is connected by communication network
It is connected in master control system, monitoring device acquires and upload the electric quantity information of each measurement point, and master control system is to these information and event
Hinder the information comparison in database, determines fault type, and determine fault section by comparing the voltage of each measurement point.Compare
Process is as follows: as shown in Figure 1, detecting electric current phase shortage at measurement point 1 if failure occurs between 2, the 3 of route I, and surveying
Amount 5 each phase currents of point are normal, it is possible to determine that disconnection fault has occurred in route I, in order to determine fault section, if source side voltage becomes
Change and exceed given threshold, then the trouble-shooting point backward since power supply side gusset, first compares 2 voltage of measurement point 1 and measurement point, two
Measurement point information of voltage is consistent, then compares 3 voltage of measurement point 2 and measurement point again, 2,3 information of voltage is inconsistent at this time, then may be used
To determine failure between measurement point 2,3, and the failure assistant criteria more than combining can determine that failure is separate and failure classes
Type.If source side measurement point voltage change is unobvious, failure afterload side voltage change will exceed given threshold, at this time may be used
With the trouble-shooting point forward since load side measurement point, is such as addressed since measurement point 4, first compare measurement point 4 and measurement point 3
Between information of voltage, two measurement point information of voltage are consistent, then compare the information of voltage between measurement point 3 and measurement point 2, at this time two
Measurement point information of voltage is inconsistent, then can determine failure between measurement point 3,2.
Above-mentioned, although the foregoing specific embodiments of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, not protects model to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art are not
Need to make the creative labor the various modifications or changes that can be made still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the 10kV distribution line disconnection fault determination method based on three-phase voltage current, characterized in that include:
(1) voltage, the current information of each node of power distribution network are obtained；If the voltage and current of certain measurement point or certain several measurement point becomes
Change amplitude is more than given threshold, then distribution line breaks down；
(2) route to break down is determined according to collected power distribution network current information, and judges whether faulty line is broken string
Otherwise failure, terminates if so, entering in next step；
If occurring phase current missing or three-phase current in distribution line three-phase current all reduces, the distribution line is true
It is set to faulty line；
When the absolute value that an at least phase current occurs in faulty line is less than current calibration threshold value, determine faulty line for broken string event
Barrier；
(3) judge fault type for single-phase wire break failure or multiphase disconnection fault；If it is single-phase wire break failure, enter step
(4)；If it is multiphase disconnection fault, (5) are entered step；
If meeting the following conditions simultaneously, it is judged as single-phase wire break failure:
1) wherein the absolute value of the current effective value of a phase is not more than current calibration threshold value；
2) in addition two-phase current effective value absolute value it is equal, and its value betweenBetween, INBefore failure
Phase current virtual value；
3) difference of the current phase angle of other two-phase is between [120 °, 180 °]；
If the virtual value of faulty line three-phase current is equal, and absolute value is then determined as no more than current calibration threshold value
Multiphase disconnection fault occurs；
(4) according to the virtual value and voltage setting valve of each phase voltage of power supply side bus after phase voltage virtual value, failure before failure
Between relationship, determine single-phase wire break failure specific fault type；Enter step (6)；
If there is not phase fault electric current, three-phase current is not more than current calibration threshold value, judges whether a phase occur
Voltage is down to 0；
If faulty line three-phase current is all satisfied current calibration threshold value, and a phase voltage occurs and be down to 0, then judge whether it is
Load side voltage is down to 0:
If load side voltage is down to 0, can determine that as two-phase broken string one phase ground fault of application of load side, source side voltage occurs
Non-zero two-phase is failure phase；
Two-phase broken string one phase ground fault assistant criteria of application of load side are as follows:
It is indicated because three coincide with a symbol for load side phase voltage virtual value；UsetFor voltage setting valve；EM
For phase voltage virtual value before failure；Δ E is adjusting allowable error value, should be the maximum of phase voltage when the failure occurring in system partially
Difference；For three phase-to-ground voltage phasor of source side；According toJudgement be out of order mutually for B,
C two-phase knows it is load side ground connection by A phase voltage is minimum；
(5) according to the virtual value of each phase voltage of power supply side bus, failure afterload side phase after phase voltage virtual value, failure before failure
Relationship between voltage-to-ground and voltage setting valve determines the specific fault type of multiphase disconnection fault；Enter step (6)；
(6) whether consistent by more each node voltage information forward or backward, determine specific fault section；
If source side voltage change exceeds given threshold, the trouble-shooting point backward since power supply side gusset first compares power supply
First node voltage and second node voltage after side gusset, if the two is consistent, then compare after power supply side gusset second
A node voltage and third node voltage, until finding two inconsistent nodes of node voltage information, it is determined that fault point
Between the two nodes；
If the variation of power supply side bus voltage is not above given threshold, failure afterload side voltage change will be beyond setting threshold
Value, the trouble-shooting point forward since load side, finds two inconsistent nodes of adjacent node information of voltage at this time, it is determined that
Fault point is located between the two nodes.
2. a kind of 10kV distribution line disconnection fault determination method based on three-phase voltage current as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in, in the step (4), the determination method of the specific fault type of single-phase wire break failure are as follows:
1) judge whether the phase that voltage is zero occur, if it is not, being determined as the hanging failure in single-phase wire break both ends, voltage is increased
A phase be determined as disconnection fault phase；If so, being then accompanied by ground fault, it is transferred in next step；
2) judge phase that voltage is zero in source side still in load side, if being determined as that single-phase wire break is powered in source side
Source ground fault, voltage are zero to be mutually determined as disconnection fault phase；If being determined as single-phase wire break application of load in load side
Flank earth fault, voltage is zero to be mutually determined as disconnection fault phase.
3. a kind of 10kV distribution line disconnection fault determination method based on three-phase voltage current as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in, in the step (5), the specific fault type of multiphase disconnection fault includes: that two-phase broken string phase to phase fault, two-phase are disconnected
Line is powered on one phase ground fault of source, two-phase breaks one phase ground fault of application of load side, three-phase disconnection fault.
4. a kind of 10kV distribution line disconnection fault determination method based on three-phase voltage current as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in, in the step (5),
If faulty line three-phase current is all satisfied less than current calibration threshold value, and a phase voltage is occurred and be down to 0, then judgement is
It is no to be down to 0 for load side voltage:
If load side voltage is down to 0, can determine that as two-phase broken string one phase ground fault of application of load side, source side voltage occurs
Non-zero two-phase is failure phase；
If load side voltage is not 0, be judged to occurring two-phase broken string power-up one phase ground fault of source, source side voltage with
The different two-phase of load side voltage is failure phase.
5. a kind of 10kV distribution line disconnection fault determination method based on three-phase voltage current as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in, in the step (5),
If faulty line three-phase current is all satisfied less than current calibration threshold value, and not occurring a phase voltage is 0；Then judge electricity
Whether source phase voltage changes, if changed, is determined as that two-phase broken string phase to phase fault, two voltages increase mutually as broken string
Failure phase.
6. a kind of 10kV distribution line disconnection fault determination method based on three-phase voltage current as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in, in the step (5),
If each phase voltage of load side is down to 0, source side voltage is remained unchanged, then is determined as three-phase disconnection fault.
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