CN105865853B - Ship exhaust emission online analysis system and analysis method using same - Google Patents
Ship exhaust emission online analysis system and analysis method using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN105865853B CN105865853B CN201610323653.2A CN201610323653A CN105865853B CN 105865853 B CN105865853 B CN 105865853B CN 201610323653 A CN201610323653 A CN 201610323653A CN 105865853 B CN105865853 B CN 105865853B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
- G01N1/2205—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
Abstract
The invention discloses an online analysis system for ship exhaust emission, which comprises a flue gas sampling unit, a flue gas pretreatment device, a flue gas analysis system, a flue gas parameter measurement system, an automatic back-flushing control system, a data acquisition and processing system (DAS), a smoke monitoring system, a flue, a gas testing chamber and an analysis instrument cabinet, wherein the flue gas sampling unit comprises a sampling probe, a smoke meter, a flowmeter, a moisture meter, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; the flue gas pretreatment device comprises a sample gas pretreatment unit, calibration equipment and a purging unit; the flue gas sampling unit is arranged in the flue and is connected with the analysis instrument cabinet through a cable; the flue gas pretreatment device and the flue gas analysis system are both arranged in the analysis instrument cabinet. The invention can continuously detect various pollutants in the flue gas in real time on line, can avoid corroding and damaging the gas chamber, the polluted gas chamber and blocking the gas pipeline, and has stable and reliable performance and small maintenance workload.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of smoke gas detection and analysis, in particular to the technical field of a ship exhaust emission online analysis system.
Background
At present, heavy oil is mainly used as fuel in ocean ships in China ports, the sulfur content of the heavy oil is 2.8% -3.5%, and the sulfur content of the heavy oil is partially as high as 4.5%, and in addition, strict engine emission standards are lacked, so that the pollution emission influence of the ships is increasingly remarkable. According to the measurement and calculation of the pollution discharge monitoring center of the Ministry of environmental protection, the ships berthing at the Chinese port in 2013 discharge 258.8 million tons of SO, which accounts for about 8.4 percent of the total national discharge; the nitrogen oxide emission of port ships is 27.8 ten thousand tons, which accounts for 11.3% of the total national emission. Diesel particulate matters, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides contained in smoke discharged by 18 thousands of ships registered in China seriously threaten human health. The port ship pollution emission becomes the third major atmospheric pollution source after the motor vehicle tail gas pollution and the industrial enterprise emission, and the ship pollution emission control is increased.
The premise of controlling the pollutant emission in the ship flue gas is to know the components and the content of pollutants, the ship flue gas emission online analysis system can perform real-time online measurement, and the detection result can timely find problems in the ship flue gas emission process so as to take measures in time to reduce the occurrence of serious pollution events. At present, an electrochemical gas analyzer, an infrared spectrum analyzer and a small amount of ultraviolet spectrum analyzers are mainly adopted for monitoring the smoke emission in China.
The operation of the monitoring system generally comprises the following steps: the jet pump is matched with the sampling device to continuously sample the flue gas in the flue; the smoke usually contains particles such as tar, dust and the like, and the particles easily block devices such as gas pipelines, gas chambers and the like; therefore, a pretreatment device is needed to filter out tar, dust and other particulate matters in the flue gas, and the pretreated flue gas is sent to a gas chamber; the measuring device measures parameters of the gas flue gas, such as the concentration of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, by using an absorption spectrum technology.
In the working process, the flue gas is heated to a certain temperature, such as 150 ℃ before and after entering the gas chamber, so that the water vapor in the flue gas is prevented from being condensed, and the acid in devices such as a corrosive gas pipeline, the gas chamber and the like caused by the fact that the acid gas in the flue gas is dissolved in the condensed water is avoided. When power is suddenly cut off in the working process, residual gas can be left in the gas chamber, the residual gas is not heated by the electric heating device, and the temperature is reduced; the water vapor in the residual gas is condensed, and some acid gases in the gas are dissolved in condensed water, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, thereby forming strong corrosive acid to corrode and damage devices such as gas chambers and gas pipelines. There are also substances in the residual gas which are gaseous at high temperatures and solid or liquid at low temperatures, such as sulphur vapours, tars, which evolve at reduced temperatures, contaminating the gas chamber or plugging the gas lines. In addition, the devices generally have the defects of high price, large volume, low measurement precision aiming at NO2 gas which needs to be monitored intensively, zero calibration which is required to be carried out in each test and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides an online analysis system for ship exhaust emission, which is simple in structure, convenient to operate, capable of detecting various pollutants in flue gas in real time, online and continuously, capable of avoiding corrosion damage to a gas chamber, a polluted gas chamber and blockage of a gas pipeline, stable and reliable in performance and small in maintenance workload.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an online analysis system for ship exhaust emission, which comprises a flue gas sampling unit, a flue gas pretreatment device, a flue gas analysis system, a flue gas parameter measurement system, an automatic back-flushing control system, a data acquisition and processing system (DAS), a smoke monitoring system, a flue, a gas testing chamber and an analysis instrument cabinet, wherein the flue gas sampling unit, the flue gas pretreatment device, the flue gas analysis system, the flue gas parameter measurement system, the automatic back-flushing control system, the data acquisition and processing system (DAS) and the smoke monitoring system are sequentially connected; the flue gas sampling unit comprises a sampling probe, a smoke dust meter, a flowmeter, a moisture meter, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; the flue gas pretreatment device comprises a sample gas pretreatment unit, calibration equipment and a purging unit, and the flue gas analysis system comprises a particulate matter detection system and a gaseous pollutant detection system; the data acquisition and processing system (DAS) comprises a control cabinet, an electrical control unit and a data acquisition system; the flue gas sampling unit is arranged in the flue and is connected with the analysis instrument cabinet through a cable; the flue gas pretreatment device, the flue gas analysis system, the flue gas parameter measurement system and the automatic back-blowing control system are all arranged in an analysis instrument cabinet; the analysis instrument cabinet is arranged in the gas test chamber, and a heating conduit is also arranged in the gas test chamber.
Preferably, the sampling probe is connected with the analysis instrument cabinet through an electric tracing heat temperature control sampling tube, the sampling probe comprises a probe core and a probe outer wall, and a tracing band is arranged between the probe core and the outer wall.
Preferably, the sample gas pretreatment unit comprises a compressor type condensation dryer, a corrosion-resistant air pump, a liquid discharge peristaltic pump, an aerosol filter, a fine filter, a filtering pressure reducing valve, a pre-processor, a bleeding flowmeter, a negative pressure contact pressure gauge and an air path control valve, wherein the pre-processor is connected with a heating guide pipe, and the corrosion-resistant air pump is provided with a needle-shaped regulating valve; the calibration equipment comprises a two-position three-way calibration electromagnetic valve and a work calibration electric switching valve; the purging unit comprises an electric ball valve, a magnetic-assisted electric contact pressure gauge, a two-position two-way electromagnetic valve and an air filter; the sampling probe is connected with a compressor type condensation dryer through an electric ball valve, and the compressor type condensation dryer is also connected with a corrosion-resistant air pump, an aerosol filter, a fine filter and a work correction electric switching valve.
Preferably, the lower end of the analysis instrument cabinet is provided with a liquid outlet, a rapid bypass flow meter, a temperature and humidity alarm, a flow meter alarm, a diaphragm pump and an automatic liquid discharge pump are further arranged in the analysis instrument cabinet, the compressor type condensation dryer is connected with the liquid outlet through a plurality of liquid discharge pipes, the automatic liquid discharge pump and a liquid discharge peristaltic pump are respectively arranged on the liquid discharge pipes, and the fine filter is sequentially connected with the temperature and humidity alarm and the flow meter alarm; the compressor type condensation dryer is connected with the diaphragm pump.
Preferably, the flue gas analysis system comprises an infrared gas analyzer and a PLC (programmable logic controller), the flue gas analysis system further comprises a relay group, an operation button, a valve and an indicator light, a needle-shaped regulating valve is arranged on the infrared gas analyzer, and the infrared gas analyzer is connected with a temperature and humidity alarm and a flow meter alarm.
Preferably, a solid-state relay is arranged in the analysis instrument cabinet and connected with the electric tracing heat temperature control sampling pipe, a switch power supply and a signal isolator are further arranged in the analysis instrument cabinet, a terminal strip is arranged outside the analysis instrument cabinet and connected with equipment in the analysis instrument cabinet and equipment circuits outside the analysis instrument cabinet, the switch power supply is electrically connected with the PLC, and the PLC is further connected with the signal isolator and the terminal strip.
Preferably, the flue gas parameter measuring system and the automatic back-blowing control system comprise an S-shaped pitot tube, a pressure transmitter, a smoke dust measuring instrument, a flow measuring instrument, a temperature measuring instrument, a pressure measuring instrument and a humidity measuring instrument.
Preferably, the inlet end of the gas testing chamber is provided with a switch valve, the gas testing chamber is connected with a gas replacement device, the gas replacement device comprises a gas source and a vent valve, and the gas source is connected with the gas testing chamber through the vent valve.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the flue gas treatment process flow, direct extraction sampling type, pulse cleaning, sampling tube electric heat tracing, program control and other technologies, and has the functions of automatic sample introduction, continuous operation and control interlocking. The special structural design is adopted, and the purification mode combining graded filtering dust removal, coarse filtering and fine filtering, and dust removal and sulfur removal is adopted, so that the problems of large maintenance workload and low on-line continuous operation rate under the working conditions of high dust, high humidity and sulfur content are effectively solved through long-term operation. The performance is stable and reliable, and the maintenance workload is small.
2. Can avoid corrosion damage gas chamber, gaseous pollutants room and the online analysis monitoring system of boats and ships exhaust emission who blocks up gas pipeline, system simple structure, convenient operation can carry out real-time, online, continuous detection to multiple pollutant in the waste gas, and maintainability and stability are good, and convenient to use is swift, measure that kind is complete, improve and measure NOX, SO2 precision, can realize continuous on-line measuring. Is a necessary monitoring device for an environment monitoring mechanism and is also a necessary device for realizing energy conservation, emission reduction and waste gas recycling.
The features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail by embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an on-line analysis system for exhaust emission of a ship according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram of an on-line analysis system for exhaust emission of a ship according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of components of an analysis instrument cabinet of the online analysis system for exhaust emission of ships according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic connection diagram of key parts of an on-line analysis system for exhaust emission of a ship.
In the figure: 1-flue gas sampling unit, 11-sampling probe, 12-smoke dust meter, 13-flowmeter, 14-moisture meter, 15-electric heat tracing temperature control sampling tube, 16-solid relay, 2-flue gas pretreatment device, 211-compressor type condensation dryer, 212-corrosion resistant air pump, 213-liquid discharge peristaltic pump, 214-aerosol filter, 215-fine filter, 216-filter pressure reducing valve, 217-preprocessor, 221-two-position three-way check electromagnetic valve, 222-work check electric switching valve, 231-electric ball valve, 3-flue gas analysis system, 31-infrared gas analyzer, 311-needle shape regulating valve, 32-PLC programmable controller, 33-relay group, 4-flue gas parameter measuring system and automatic back-blowing control system, 5-a data acquisition and processing system (DAS), 6-a smoke monitoring system, 7-a flue, 8-a gas testing chamber, 81-a heating conduit, 9-an analysis instrument cabinet, 91-a liquid discharge port, 92-a rapid bypass flowmeter, 93-a temperature and humidity alarm, 94-a flowmeter alarm, 95-a diaphragm pump, 96-an automatic liquid discharge pump, 97-a switching power supply, 98-a signal isolator and 10-a terminal row.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, the invention includes a flue gas sampling unit 1, a flue gas pretreatment device 2, a flue gas analysis system 3, a flue gas parameter measurement system and automatic back-flushing control system 4, a data acquisition processing system (DAS)5, a flue gas monitoring system 6, a flue 7, a gas testing chamber 8 and an analysis instrument cabinet 9, wherein the flue gas sampling unit 1, the flue gas pretreatment device 2, the flue gas analysis system 3, the flue gas parameter measurement system and automatic back-flushing control system 4, the data acquisition processing system (DAS)5 and the flue gas monitoring system 6 are connected in sequence; the flue gas sampling unit 1 comprises a sampling probe 11, a smoke dust meter 12, a flowmeter 13, a moisture meter 14, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; the flue gas pretreatment device 2 comprises a sample gas pretreatment unit, a calibration device and a purging unit, and the flue gas analysis system 3 comprises a particulate matter detection system and a gaseous pollutant detection system; the data acquisition and processing system (DAS)5 comprises a control cabinet, an electrical control unit and a data acquisition system; the flue gas sampling unit 1 is arranged in the flue 7, and the flue gas sampling unit 1 is connected with the analysis instrument cabinet 9 through a cable; the flue gas pretreatment device 2, the flue gas analysis system 3, the flue gas parameter measurement system and the automatic back-blowing control system 4 are all arranged in an analysis instrument cabinet 9; the analysis instrument cabinet 9 is arranged in the gas test chamber 8, and a heating conduit 81 is also arranged in the gas test chamber 8. The sampling probe 11 is connected with the analysis instrument cabinet 9 through an electric tracing heat temperature control sampling tube 15, the sampling probe 11 comprises a probe core and a probe outer wall, and a tracing band is arranged between the probe core and the outer wall. The sample gas pretreatment unit comprises a compressor type condensation dryer 211, a corrosion-resistant air pump 212, a liquid discharge peristaltic pump 213, an aerosol filter 214, a fine filter 215, a filtering pressure reducing valve 216, a pre-processor 217, a bleeding flow meter, a negative pressure contact pressure gauge and an air path control valve, the pre-processor 217 is connected with the heating guide pipe 81, and the corrosion-resistant air pump 212 is provided with a needle-shaped regulating valve 311; the calibration equipment comprises a two-position three-way calibration electromagnetic valve 221 and a work calibration electric switching valve 222; the purging unit comprises an electric ball valve 231, a magnetic-assisted electric contact pressure gauge, a two-position two-way electromagnetic valve and an air filter; the sampling probe 11 is connected with a compressor type condensation dryer 211 through an electric ball valve 231, and the compressor type condensation dryer 211 is further connected with a corrosion-resistant air pump 212, an aerosol filter 214, a fine filter 215 and an electric work correction switching valve 222. A liquid outlet 91 is formed in the lower end of the analysis instrument cabinet 9, a rapid bypass flow meter 92, a temperature and humidity alarm 93, a flow meter alarm 94, a diaphragm pump 95 and an automatic liquid discharge pump 96 are further arranged in the analysis instrument cabinet 9, the compressor type condensation dryer 211 is connected with the liquid outlet 91 through a plurality of liquid discharge pipes, the automatic liquid discharge pump 96 and a liquid discharge peristaltic pump 213 are respectively mounted on the liquid discharge pipes, and the fine filter 215 is sequentially connected with the temperature and humidity alarm 93 and the flow meter alarm 94; the compressor-type condensation dryer 211 is connected to the diaphragm pump 95. Flue gas analysis system 3 includes infrared gas analysis appearance 31 and PLC programmable controller 32, and flue gas analysis system 3 still includes relay group 33, operating button and valve member, pilot lamp, is equipped with needle governing valve 311 on the infrared gas analysis appearance 31, and infrared gas analysis appearance 31 connects temperature and humidity alarm 93, flowmeter alarm 94. The analysis instrument cabinet 9 is internally provided with a solid-state relay 16, the solid-state relay 16 is connected with an electric tracing temperature control sampling pipe 15, the analysis instrument cabinet 9 is internally provided with a switch power supply 97 and a signal isolator 98, a terminal strip 10 is arranged outside the analysis instrument cabinet 9, the terminal strip 10 is connected with equipment in the analysis instrument cabinet 9 and equipment circuits outside the analysis instrument cabinet 9, the switch power supply 97 is electrically connected with a PLC (programmable logic controller) 32, and the PLC 32 is also connected with the signal isolator 98 and the terminal strip 10. The flue gas parameter measuring system and the automatic back-blowing control system 4 comprise an S-shaped pitot tube, a pressure transmitter, a smoke dust measuring instrument, a flow measuring instrument, a temperature measuring instrument, a pressure measuring instrument and a humidity measuring instrument. The entrance point of gaseous test chamber 8 is equipped with the ooff valve, and gaseous test chamber 8 connects gaseous replacement device, and gaseous replacement device includes gas source and ventilation valve, and the gas source is connected with gaseous test chamber 8 through ventilation valve.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
in the working process of the ship exhaust emission on-line analysis system, sample gas is firstly extracted from a flue 7 by a sampling probe 11 which is arranged on the flue 7 by a flue gas sampling unit 1, is filtered by the sampling probe 11 for one time, is heated by an electric tracing heat temperature control sampling pipe 15 and then enters an analysis instrument cabinet 9; the sample gas enters a compressor type condensation dryer 211 through an electric ball valve 231 to be condensed for one time to remove moisture, and condensate is gathered below the waste gas processor and is discharged through a liquid discharge peristaltic pump 213; then the sample gas passes through the two-position three-way check electromagnetic valve 221, when the sample gas is automatically calibrated, the two-position three-way check electromagnetic valve 221 is opened, the corrosion-resistant air pump 212 extracts air and the first needle-shaped adjusting valve 311, the external gas is also sent to the infrared gas analyzer 31 through the needle-shaped adjusting valve 311, and the zero position of the analyzer is checked; then the sample gas is sent to the back stage by the corrosion-resistant air pump 212 and is divided into two paths; one path is a fast bypass gas path (used for shortening the lag time caused by 'dead space' of units such as a gas sample transmission pipeline and the like), namely, sample gas is quickly emptied after passing through a fast bypass flowmeter 92 (the flow rate is diffused); the other path of working (measuring) gas path, the sample gas enters the compressor type condensation dryer 211 again to be condensed to remove moisture, the condensate is gathered below the waste gas processor and is discharged from the liquid discharge port 91 through the automatic liquid discharge pump 96; the dehumidified gas enters an aerosol filter 214 to remove acid mist, and the sample gas is further filtered through a fine filter 215; then, the electric switching valve 222 is calibrated through work calibration, the process sample gas and the standard sample gas can be respectively connected through the electric switching valve 222 through work calibration, and the infrared gas analyzer 31 is calibrated when the standard sample gas is injected; the gas passes through a temperature and humidity alarm 93, a flow meter alarm 94 and a diaphragm pump 95, then the flow of the gas is regulated by a second needle-shaped regulating valve 311 and a third needle-shaped regulating valve 311 in two paths, the sample gas enters the infrared gas analyzer 31 for measurement, and the measured gas flows into the atmosphere. The calibration system consists of a standard gas bottle, a pressure gauge, a needle valve, a flow stabilizing valve and a four-way valve. The calibration gas is stabilized by a steady flow and then converted into low-pressure calibration gas with the pressure of 0.1MPa by a needle valve. The zero gas and the span calibration gas of each analysis component are switched by the four-way valve and sequentially enter the analysis instrument to carry out zero and span calibration.
The system consists of an electric tracing sampling probe assembly, an electric tracing sampling tube unit, a pretreatment unit, a purging unit, an analysis unit, an instrument calibration unit, an automatic control unit and the like. The pretreatment unit, the purging unit, the analysis unit, the instrument calibration unit, the automatic control unit and the like are assembled in the dustproof analysis cabinet, and the detailed description is provided in a system flow chart of an attached figure 2.
The flue gas sampling unit 1 includes:
The sheet type electric heater carries out heat tracing on the sampling probe 11, and the heater can carry out temperature regulation on the whole filter cavity, wherein the temperature on the flange plate can reach 180 ℃ at most. This ensures that the temperature in the outer operating zone does not fall below the dew point. The temperature of the sample gas is higher than the dew point (the temperature of the temperature controller can be set to be 110-120 ℃ according to different changes of the temperature difference of the user in the region and in winter and summer) so as to prevent the condensation of water vapor and steam, the adsorption of sulfides and the blockage of pipelines.
Electric tracing temperature control sampling tube 15: the heating sampling pipeline is a connecting line for connecting the probe with the analysis cabin or the analysis cabinet, and the main material is PTFE. The belt type electric heater is used for tracing the sampling pipeline, the highest temperature is 200 ℃, the power consumption is 40W/m, PT1OO0 is used as a temperature sensor, and the temperature can be adjusted. The heating pipeline is heated to be not lower than 1000 ℃, and the water vapor in the gas is prevented from being condensed.
The analytical instrument cabinet 9 assembly comprises:
A. sample gas pretreatment unit
The sample gas pretreatment unit comprises: the device comprises a compressor type waste gas processor, an anti-corrosion air pump 212, a liquid discharge peristaltic pump 213, an aerosol filter 214, a fine filter 215, a diffusion flowmeter, a negative pressure joint pressure gauge, various pipes, valves and the like. The function of the device is to purify, remove dust, dehumidify and remove acid mist, the filtering precision can reach 0.1p, and ultra-clean, constant-temperature and stable-flow sample gas meeting the requirements of an analysis instrument is continuously sent to the analysis instrument, so that the analysis accuracy and long-term reliability of the analysis instrument are ensured.
The sampling pretreatment system is the key of the on-line continuous reliable operation of the process analyzer, and the pretreatment system of the device adopts a special structural design, utilizes a purification mode combining graded filtering dust removal, coarse filtering and fine filtering, and effectively solves the problems of large maintenance workload and low on-line continuous operation rate under the working conditions of high dust and high humidity. The performance is stable and reliable, and the maintenance workload is small.
The functions of all parts are as follows:
electric air pump 212: the pump adopts a membrane type structure, all parts in contact with a gas sample adopt polytetrafluoroethylene anti-corrosion structures, and the pump has the characteristics of good anti-corrosion performance, long service life, good reliability and less maintenance workload. The special design of the components can solve various sampling problems in the analysis technology, and the air extraction amount is adjustable at 12L/min. All the connecting parts and the parts in contact with the sample gas are made of PTFE material, and the pump is completely lubricated. The analytical parameters of the gas are not subject to any change after being acted upon by the pump, which has a special diaphragm and valve system. Therefore, the operation and maintenance are very simple.
An exhaust gas treatment machine: the waste gas processor works by adopting a compressor refrigeration principle, based on the principle that dew point temperature is different and humidity is different, the waste gas processor controls the temperature of a gas outlet through refrigeration, namely controls the humidity of sample gas entering an instrument, reduces the interference of water vapor on the instrument, and is characterized in that a drying agent is not required to be replaced regularly, the maintenance workload is small, and the main performance parameters are that when the flow is 21/min, the inlet temperature is less than or equal to 45 ℃, and the outlet temperature is 2 +/-0.5 ℃.
The aerosol filter 214: the method is suitable for the sampling process under the conditions that the dew point is greater than 100 ℃ and the acid gas is contained. Such as: the gas during the combustion of heavy oil and coal injection (combustion) is measured and the filter separates the droplets produced by the condensation of the gas, the most effective location being before the sampled gas passes through the flow meter of the analyzer.
The filter is composed of an inner part and an outer part, gas permeates from the inside to the outside, the inside of the filter is composed of fibers with compact structures, the filtering area is large, when the gas passes through the filtering surface, particles in the gas are reduced into a glass container of the filter under the action of gravity, when fluid reaches a saturated state, the filter still keeps good efficiency, the tight microfiber is combined to play a role in blocking foreign particles in sample gas, the using condition of the filter can be directly observed through a glass shell, and the filter is very convenient to replace. The separated acid substances can be discharged by detaching the bottom cap. And (5) an original package inlet.
The fine filter 215: the general filter uses an extremely fine (o.1um) commercial filter element to reliably separate solids, especially extremely fine solid particles, contained in a gas. And the last stage of fine filtration task before the sample gas enters the instrument is undertaken, and meanwhile, the pretreatment purification efficiency is monitored. The filter precision of 0.1umo is characterized by intuition, convenient filter core replacement and visual observation of the use condition of the filter core through the glass shell. Can reach the international similar level.
Liquid discharge peristaltic pump 213: peristaltic pumps are used exclusively for the recovery of condensate in analytical equipment. The PVDF hose, running at low speed (5rpm), is connected to the NOVOPRENE hose via pulleys, ensuring good mechanical and chemical stability over a long period of time, the synchronous motor and gears being able to block the condensate from flowing back, the 0.31/h pump capacity ensuring safe removal of the condensate. And (5) an original package inlet.
A flow meter: a diffusion flowmeter: and monitoring, adjusting and diffusing the redundant sample flow. Measurement range: 25 to 250 l/h.
Diffuse, stock solution, fluid-discharge tube and automatic flowing back ware: is used for collecting sample gas and condensate, buffering gas and discharging the sample gas and condensate.
Gas circuit control valve part: operation correction electric switching valve 222: for switching the working flow rate gas or the sample standard gas. Sample flow regulating valve: for regulating the flow into the analyzer. The air pump circulates the working regulating valve: used for adjusting the output flow of the air pump and protecting the air pump.
The purge unit includes:
electric ball valve 231: the ball valve is an important electric actuating part of the device, is originally installed at an inlet, and has the function of cutting off a sampling gas path when manual analysis and blowing are not carried out.
Maximum working pressure: 0.8MPa power supply: AC220V 50Hz
Magnetic-assisted electric contact pressure gauge: when the filter core and the sampling pipeline of the sampler are blocked and the pressure is less than the set value of the electric contact negative pressure meter, the alarm is displayed and an alarm signal is output, at the moment, the air pump stops working, and the system stops working so as to ensure that the air pump is not burnt out. After the sampling part is cleaned, purged or the sampling filter core is replaced, the system can normally work only by pressing a system reset button to reset.
A two-position two-way electromagnetic valve: the purge solenoid valve is a pulsed purge actuator AC220V 50 HZ.
An air filter: the incoming purge gas is conditioned and filtered.
The flue gas analysis system comprises:
the multi-component infrared analyzer is used for completing on-line continuous analysis and monitoring of various gas components, and converting concentration signals of the gas components into standard 4-20 mA signals to be output. The analyzer adopts an infrared analysis principle, each parameter channel is relatively independent, the performance is stable and reliable, and the intelligent degree is high.
And comparing the concentration of the measured sample gas with a set value, and outputting an alarm and interlocking signal when the concentration of the measured sample gas exceeds the set value.
And completing the calibration of the analytical instrument.
A process control interlock unit: the programmable controller is used as a control center, and is provided with corresponding operating buttons, related valves, indicator lights, relays and the like. Its main function is to automatically control the device according to the programmed program.
The calibration apparatus includes:
two-position three-way correction solenoid valve 221: the air can be extracted during calibration, and the zero position of the analyzer is calibrated; a working correction switching valve; for switching the working flow rate gas or the sample standard gas.
The PLC 32 in the flue gas analysis system 3 is required to be able to select different states of opening and closing of valves in the control system according to a monitoring process (measurement or maintenance), communicate with an industrial personal computer in real time, and perform corresponding actions according to obtained instructions, and the specific requirements of the program are as follows:
(l) Communication requirements.
The system needs to monitor the concentration of the exhaust emission pollution gas in real time, and data communication needs to be carried out between the industrial personal computer and the PLC for many times in the monitoring process. In order to ensure that the system can continuously and reliably execute the monitoring action, the communication between the upper computer and the lower computer must have good reliability. Therefore, a flexible and convenient free port communication mode with extremely high reliability is selected as a communication mode between the PLC and the industrial personal computer, and an Ethernet communication interface is adopted.
To the communication mechanism between industrial computer and the PLC, set up to: the PLC sends an execution request to the industrial personal computer, then the industrial personal computer sends an execution permission command to the PLC after receiving the information, and finally the PLC sends an execution confirmation reply to the industrial personal computer and executes a corresponding program.
(2) And (5) controlling the requirements.
The control program is used for controlling the opening and closing states of all valves of the system, data acquisition and uploading, fault diagnosis and alarm functions in the monitoring process.
Considering the requirement of field application, the system is provided with manual control buttons which respectively control the execution of a probe back-blowing program and a gas circuit back-blowing program and the switching of a measurement/maintenance process, and adds temperature (a heat tracing box and a heat tracing pipe), data standard exceeding and analyzer fault alarm indicator lamps, thereby being convenient for searching and eliminating corresponding faults.
The control program is composed of a main program, a subprogram and an interrupt program. The main program is a main body of the user program, only one main program can exist in one project, and the main program is also the only main function control program, and the CPU needs to execute a main program command once in each scanning period. Various control functions are implemented in the main program by calling various subprograms and interrupt programs, each of which performs a specific function. According to the control function requirements, in order to improve program readability and facilitate function control, a PLC control program is divided into sub programs of initialization, preheating, probe purging, calibration (zero calibration and calibration), data acquisition, data output, exception handling and the like, and two interrupt programs of communication receiving completion and communication sending completion, wherein a gas circuit purging control program of a measurement system is included in the calibration program.
1. Main program
The system is powered on or restarted and then starts preheating, and after the temperature of the gas path detected by the temperature and humidity sensor reaches the set temperature, probe back flushing and system pipeline back flushing procedures are sequentially executed. The system is provided with a manual control button, the monitoring process is controlled to enter a measuring state or a maintenance state through the manual control button, and a corresponding program is executed. The time interval of the execution of the pre-program is controlled by a timer, and the execution time of the control function module can be changed by adjusting the timer. Meanwhile, a manual operation button is added according to the requirement of field application, and the execution of a probe purging program, a zero calibration program and a calibration program in the monitoring process is directly controlled.
2. Initialization procedure
After the PLC is electrified, the I/O interface (valve, air suction pump power supply, alarm indicator lamp), communication parameters and the zone bit (computer running state, back flushing execution and timer) required to be used in the program are initialized, and the compressed air 2 control valve is a normally open contact.
3. Preheating procedure
During the measurement process, the preheating aims to ensure that the temperature of a gas path through which the exhaust gas passes is more than 120 ℃ when the exhaust gas enters the monitoring system, so as to ensure that the water vapor in the exhaust gas is in a gaseous state. An operator rotates a measurement and maintenance state selection button to the measurement, after the system is powered on and started, when a preheating program is called, whether the temperature of the heat tracing box is higher than 120 ℃ is judged according to the state of the flag bit, if so, the industrial personal computer is informed of completing the preheating, and if not, the heating is continued.
4. Probe purging procedure
When the monitoring system is in a measuring state, the compressed air is periodically used for blowing the probe to clean smoke dust in the probe before sampling and measuring the waste gas so as to prevent the pipe orifice from being blocked; the probe is also periodically purged while the monitoring system is in service.
After the probe purging program Is started, the power supply of the air pump Is closed to stop sampling, the probe purging control valve I Is opened and delayed for 60s, the probe purging control valve II Is opened and closed in a circulating mode in the sequence of opening Is and closing 5s during the timing period of the probe purging control valve I until the timing time of 60s Is up, the two probe purging control valves are closed to connect the power supply of the air pump to start sampling, and finally the upper computer Is informed that the purging process Is completed and quits.
5. Calibration procedure
The online calibration process in system monitoring comprises a zero calibration program and a calibration program, wherein the zero calibration is a process of introducing N2 gas into a gas path to fill a measuring cell to calibrate a zero value of a calibration curve; calibration is the process of respectively filling the gas path with S02 and NO with known concentrations to fill the measuring cell to calibrate the value of the calibration curve at the concentration point. The calibration curve is calibrated through the zero calibration and calibration measurement processes, so that a relation curve of the light intensity and the target gas concentration under the actual environment can be obtained, and the concentration value to be measured of the gas is obtained according to the light intensity measured in the monitoring process.
After zero calibration is started, firstly, the power supply of the air pump is closed, the waste gas treatment control valve and the compressed air control valve are opened, and the residual gas in the gas path is pushed out of the system and absorbed by a waste gas treatment device at a timing of 60s (namely, a gas path purging program of the measurement system). And after the timing time is up, closing the compressed air control valve and not introducing compressed air, opening the N2 control valve and the flow meter connecting valve to enable the N air to be charged into the measuring pool, in order to ensure that the N2 air can be filled into the measuring pool, continuing the phase for 200s, notifying an upper computer of a zero calibration completion request after the timing is completed, closing the N2 control valve, the flow meter control valve and the waste gas treatment control valve after receiving the zero calibration completion notification of the upper computer, and finally switching on a power supply of the air suction pump to start sampling and notifying the upper computer to exit.
The calibration program flow is the same as the zero calibration program and comprises S02 calibration and NO calibration, and the gas is pushed out of the gas path and is discharged into the waste gas treatment device by the process of the back gas path speckle after the calibration is finished.
6. Data acquisition and data output program
The data acquisition program is used for acquiring analog quantities detected by the particle probe, the oxygen content probe, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the flow velocity probe, converting the analog quantities, acquiring data and outputting the data, and the data is used for outputting and displaying the calculated S02 and NO concentration, particle content, oxygen content, flow and temperature.
7. Exception handling program
When hardware in the system or some parameter value detected raises an exception, an exception handler will be executed. The possible exceptions that occur during the system monitoring process are: alarming the temperature; alarming when the data value exceeds the standard; and (5) fault alarm of the analyzer. When the detected temperature of the heat tracing box and the heat tracing pipe is less than 105 ℃, when the concentration of SO2, NO and particulate matters exceeds the set maximum concentration, and when faults (the acquired data signal is less than 4mA or more than 20mA) such as power failure occur in the sampling probe, the oxygen content probe, the particulate matter probe and the flow rate probe, the abnormal processing program is called to execute the lighting of the corresponding alarm indicator lamp. The operation sequence of exception handling is: after receiving the alarm command of the upper computer, judging and outputting a high level according to the fault zone bit to light the corresponding alarm indicator lamp, but not carrying out other actions, and after the fault is checked by operation and removed, the alarm lamp is turned off.
The invention adopts the flue gas treatment process, direct extraction sampling, pulse cleaning, sampling tube electric heat tracing, program control and other technologies, and has the functions of automatic sample introduction, continuous operation and control interlocking. The special structural design is adopted, and the purification mode combining graded filtering dust removal, coarse filtering and fine filtering, and dust removal and sulfur removal is adopted, so that the problems of large maintenance workload and low on-line continuous operation rate under the working conditions of high dust, high humidity and sulfur content are effectively solved through long-term operation. The performance is stable and reliable, and the maintenance workload is small.
Can avoid corrosion damage gas chamber, gaseous pollutants room and the online analysis monitoring system of boats and ships exhaust emission who blocks up gas pipeline, system simple structure, convenient operation can carry out real-time, online, continuous detection to multiple pollutant in the waste gas, and maintainability and stability are good, and convenient to use is swift, measure that kind is complete, improve and measure NOX, SO2 precision, can realize continuous on-line measuring. Is a necessary monitoring device for an environment monitoring mechanism and is also a necessary device for realizing energy conservation, emission reduction and waste gas recycling.
The above embodiments are illustrative of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a boats and ships exhaust-gas emission on-line analysis system which characterized in that: the smoke analysis system comprises a smoke sampling unit (1), a smoke pretreatment device (2), a smoke analysis system (3), a smoke parameter measuring system, an automatic back-blowing control system (4), a data acquisition and processing system (5), a smoke monitoring system (6), a flue (7), a gas testing chamber (8) and an analysis instrument cabinet (9), wherein the smoke sampling unit (1), the smoke pretreatment device (2), the smoke analysis system (3), the smoke parameter measuring system, the automatic back-blowing control system (4), the data acquisition and processing system ((5) and the smoke monitoring system (6) are sequentially connected, the smoke sampling unit (1) comprises a sampling probe (11), a smoke meter (12), a flowmeter (13), a moisture meter (14), a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and the smoke pretreatment device (2) comprises a sample gas pretreatment unit, The device comprises calibration equipment and a purging unit, wherein a flue gas analysis system (3) comprises a particulate matter detection system and a gaseous pollutant detection system; the data acquisition and processing system (5) comprises a control cabinet, an electrical control unit and a data acquisition system; the flue gas sampling unit (1) is arranged in the flue (7), and the flue gas sampling unit (1) is connected with the analysis instrument cabinet (9) through a cable; the flue gas pretreatment device (2), the flue gas analysis system (3), the flue gas parameter measurement system and the automatic back-blowing control system (4) are all arranged in an analysis instrument cabinet (9); the analysis instrument cabinet (9) is arranged in the gas test chamber (8), and a heating conduit (81) is also arranged in the gas test chamber (8); the sample gas pretreatment unit comprises a first compressor type condensation dryer, a second compressor type condensation dryer, a corrosion-resistant air pump (212), a liquid discharge peristaltic pump (213), an aerosol filter (214), a fine filter (215), a filtering pressure reducing valve (216), a pre-processor (217), a diffusion flowmeter, a negative pressure contact pressure gauge and a gas circuit control valve; the pre-processor (217) is connected with the heating conduit (81), and the corrosion-resistant air pump (212) is provided with a needle-shaped regulating valve (311); the calibration equipment comprises a two-position three-way calibration electromagnetic valve (221) and a work calibration electric switching valve (222); the purging unit comprises an electric ball valve (231), a magnetic-assisted electric contact pressure gauge, a two-position two-way electromagnetic valve and an air filter; a rapid bypass flowmeter (92), a temperature and humidity alarm (93), a flowmeter alarm (94) and a diaphragm pump (95) are also arranged in the analysis instrument cabinet (9); the sampling probe (11) is connected with a first compressor type condensation dryer through an electric ball valve (231), and the first compressor type condensation dryer is sequentially connected with a corrosion-resistant air pump (212), a second compressor type condensation dryer, an aerosol filter (214), a fine filter (215), a work correction electric switching valve (222), a temperature and humidity alarm (93), a flow meter alarm (94) and a diaphragm pump (95) in sequence; the lower end of the analysis instrument cabinet (9) is provided with a liquid outlet (91), the first compressor type condensation dryer is connected with the liquid outlet (91) through a liquid outlet pipe provided with a liquid discharge peristaltic pump (213), and the second compressor type condensation dryer is connected with the liquid outlet (91) through a liquid outlet pipe provided with an automatic liquid discharge pump (96).
2. The on-line analysis system for ship exhaust emission according to claim 1, wherein: the sampling probe (11) is connected with the analysis instrument cabinet (9) through an electric tracing heat temperature control sampling tube (15), the sampling probe (11) comprises a probe core and a probe outer wall, and a tracing band is arranged between the probe core and the outer wall.
3. The on-line analysis system for ship exhaust emission according to claim 1, wherein: flue gas analytic system (3) include infrared gas analysis appearance (31) and PLC programmable controller (32), and flue gas analysis system (3) still include relay group (33), operating button and valve member, pilot lamp, are equipped with needle governing valve (311) on infrared gas analysis appearance (31), and diaphragm pump (95) is connected in infrared gas analysis appearance (31).
4. The on-line analysis system for ship exhaust emission according to claim 3, wherein: be equipped with solid state relay (16) in analytical instrument cabinet (9), solid state relay (16) are connected electric tracing accuse temperature sampling pipe (15), still be equipped with switching power supply (97) in analytical instrument cabinet (9), signal isolator (98), analytical instrument cabinet (9) are equipped with terminal row (10) outward, equipment circuit outside terminal row (10) connection analytical instrument cabinet (9) interior equipment and analytical instrument cabinet (9), switching power supply (97) are connected with PLC programmable controller (32) electricity, PLC programmable controller (32) still connect signal isolator (98), terminal row (10).
5. The on-line analysis system for ship exhaust emission according to claim 1, wherein: the smoke parameter measuring system and the automatic back-blowing control system (4) comprise an S-shaped pitot tube, a pressure transmitter, a smoke measuring instrument, a flow measuring instrument, a temperature measuring instrument, a pressure measuring instrument and a humidity measuring instrument.
6. The on-line analysis system for ship exhaust emission according to claim 1, wherein: the inlet end of the gas testing chamber (8) is provided with a switch valve, the gas testing chamber (8) is connected with a gas replacement device, the gas replacement device comprises a gas source and a vent valve, and the gas source is connected with the gas testing chamber (8) through the vent valve.
7. An analysis method using the system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) the sample gas is firstly sampled from the flue (7) by a sampling probe (11) which is arranged on the flue (7) by the flue gas sampling unit (1);
2) the sample is filtered once by a sampling probe (11) and enters an analysis instrument cabinet (9) after being heated by an electric tracing temperature control sampling pipe (15);
3) the sample gas enters a first compressor type condensation dryer for primary condensation to remove moisture through an electric ball valve (231), and condensate is gathered below the waste gas processor and discharged through a liquid discharge peristaltic pump (213);
4) the sample gas passes through a two-position three-way calibration electromagnetic valve (221), when the sample gas is automatically calibrated, the two-position three-way calibration electromagnetic valve (221) is opened, a corrosion-resistant air pump (212) extracts air and a first needle-shaped regulating valve (311), and the external gas is also sent to an infrared gas analyzer (31) through the needle-shaped regulating valve (311) to calibrate the zero position of the instrument;
5) then the sample gas is sent to the back stage by a corrosion-resistant air pump (212) and is divided into two paths; one path is a quick bypass gas path, namely, the sample gas is quickly emptied after passing through a quick bypass flowmeter (92); the other path is a working gas path, the sample gas enters a second compressor type condensation dryer to be condensed to remove moisture, and condensate is gathered below the waste gas processor and is discharged from a liquid discharge port (91) through an automatic liquid discharge pump (96);
6) the dehumidified gas enters an aerosol filter (214) to remove acid mist, and the sample gas is further filtered through a fine filter (215);
7) then, the electric switching valve (222) is calibrated through work calibration, the process sample gas and the standard sample gas are respectively connected through the electric switching valve (222) through work calibration, and when the standard sample gas is injected, the infrared gas analyzer (31) is calibrated;
8) the gas passes through a temperature and humidity alarm (93), a flow meter alarm (94) and a diaphragm pump (95) and then is divided into two paths to pass through a second needle-shaped regulating valve (311) and a third needle-shaped regulating valve (311) to regulate the flow of the instrument, the sample gas enters an infrared gas analyzer (31) for measurement, and the measured gas flows into the atmosphere.
8. The analytical method of claim 7, further comprising a probe purge process, the steps of: and starting to execute a probe purging program, firstly closing the power supply of the air pump to stop sampling, opening the probe purging control valve I and delaying for 60s, in the timing period of the probe purging control valve I, circularly opening and closing the probe purging control valve II in the sequence of opening for 1s and closing for 5s until the timing time of 60s is up, closing the two probe purging control valves, connecting the power supply of the air pump to start sampling, and finally informing the upper computer that the purging process is finished and quitting.
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Address after: 264205 No. 11-1, Fengchao street, Fenglin office, economic and Technological Development Zone, Weihai City, Shandong Province Patentee after: WEIHAI GERNUMAN AUTOMATION CO.,LTD. Address before: 264200 No. 59 Pingdu Road, Jing District, Weihai City, Shandong Province Patentee before: WEIHAI GERNUMAN AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
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Denomination of invention: Ship exhaust gas emission online analysis system and analysis method using the same Effective date of registration: 20220901 Granted publication date: 20200403 Pledgee: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited Weihai Economic Branch Pledgor: WEIHAI GERNUMAN AUTOMATION CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2022980014238 |
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