CN105862534A - Synthetic evaluation method for existing roadbed grouting reinforcement effect - Google Patents

Synthetic evaluation method for existing roadbed grouting reinforcement effect Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN105862534A
CN105862534A CN201610247735.3A CN201610247735A CN105862534A CN 105862534 A CN105862534 A CN 105862534A CN 201610247735 A CN201610247735 A CN 201610247735A CN 105862534 A CN105862534 A CN 105862534A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
flexure
roadbed
slip casting
deflection
representative value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201610247735.3A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN105862534B (en
Inventor
周文平
郭峰
黄海鲲
张联
任生元
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHANGZHOU ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co Ltd
JIANGSU DINGDA BUILDING NEW TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Original Assignee
CHANGZHOU ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co Ltd
JIANGSU DINGDA BUILDING NEW TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CHANGZHOU ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co Ltd, JIANGSU DINGDA BUILDING NEW TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd filed Critical CHANGZHOU ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co Ltd
Priority to CN201610247735.3A priority Critical patent/CN105862534B/en
Publication of CN105862534A publication Critical patent/CN105862534A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN105862534B publication Critical patent/CN105862534B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/04Foundations produced by soil stabilisation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/13Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a synthetic evaluation method for an existing roadbed grouting reinforcement effect. According to the method, deflection values obtained before and after existing road grouting reinforcement is conducted are measured, and the density condition of a road roadbed is detected through ground penetrating radar for correction so that measured deflection can more accurately represent the strength of the roadbed, finally, the deflection representative value reduction rates corrected before and after grouting are calculated and compared with a designed value, so that the grouting reinforcement effect is evaluated, and meanwhile an empty region detected through the ground penetrating radar will serve as a key region for grouting. By means of the above manner, the synthetic evaluation method for the existing roadbed grouting reinforcement effect has the following beneficial effects that on one hand, the part, generated due to a road surface factor, in deflection results is eliminated, the obtained deflection can relatively accurately represent the strength of the roadbed, and an evaluation result is more accurate; and on the other hand, the ground penetrating radar and the deflection are used in combination, so that key points are provided in the grouting process, and the reinforcement effect is improved.

Description

A kind of existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect synthetical evaluation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to road rehabilitation reinforcement technique field, particularly relate to a kind of existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect and be combined Evaluation methodology.
Background technology
Traditional road foundation grouting and reinforcing is all that road grouting reinforcement technique is as to existing road based on " excavation type " The new technique of road subgrade strengthening, it has easy construction, the consolidation effect feature such as substantially.But, roadbed grouting and reinforcing belongs to hidden Engineering, in current specifications, method and evaluation index about roadbed Site Detection are only limitted to newly-built road bed, therefore, the most right Existing roadbed slip casting effect is evaluated being currently to need badly to solve the technical problem that, is also a difficult point.
Existing detection method mainly includes following several: CBR at spot detection and modulus of resilience detection, deep layer nucleon density Hygronom detection, dynamic sounding, road surface deflection value method, mark pass through test, on-the-spot DCP detection, plane-plate loading test and boring and coring Detection etc..
Currently, domestic existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect evaluation is substantially based on deflection testing, deflection testing Be actual sign be the bulk strength of subgrade and pavement in road table following load action depth bounds.Purely use flexure representative value The effect characterizing subgrade strengthening is inaccurate.
For existing road, what deflection testing characterized is subgrade and pavement in road table following load action depth bounds Bulk strength.Affect deflection test except temperature, season, area and road surface form and axle for vehicle load, test speed, test Outside the extrinsic factor such as system deviation, can affect flexure result is the intensity on roadbed and road surface, there is presently no this side of discovery The correlational study in face.The starting point of the present invention be by flexure result owing to the part of road surface factor eliminates, gained To flexure just can represent the intensity of roadbed more accurately.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect synthetical evaluation method, will Eliminating due to the part of road surface factor in flexure result, obtained flexure just can represent the strong of roadbed more accurately Degree, evaluation result is the most accurate.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme that the present invention uses is: provide a kind of existing roadbed slip casting to add Gu effect synthetical evaluation method, including following concrete steps:
One, before slip casting:
(11), district's point layout is surveyed;
(12), deflection testing before slip casting, obtain the deflection value of each measuring point;
(13), GPR test is carried out for the measuring point that flexure is abnormal, determine the compaction rate of flexure abnormal area roadbed, as Testing result display roadbed is closely knit and deflection value is the biggest, then this point data directly given up during follow-up formula calculates Go, roadbed hollowing region is made marks, as emphasis reinforcing area simultaneously;Such as GPR detection display density of roadbed not Enough, then in subsequent calculations, this point data retains;
(14), flexure representative value before slip casting is calculated by formula
Two, after slip casting maintenance is qualified:
(21), district's point layout is surveyed;
(22), deflection testing after slip casting, obtain the deflection value of each measuring point;
(23), GPR test is carried out for the measuring point that flexure is abnormal, determine the compaction rate of flexure abnormal area roadbed, as Testing result display roadbed is closely knit and deflection value is the biggest, then this point data directly given up during follow-up formula calculates Go, roadbed hollowing region is also made marks simultaneously, as multiple note region;It is as inadequate in GPR detection display density of roadbed, Then in subsequent calculations, this point data retains;
(24), flexure representative value after slip casting is calculated by formula
Three, flexure reduction rate is calculated by flexure representative value after flexure representative value before slip casting and slip casting
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is calculated as follows flexure representative value before slip castingWith slip casting palintrope Heavy representative value:
In formula:
Actual measurement flexure representative value (0.01mm);
,Actual measurement flexure meansigma methods (0.01mm) and mean square deviation (0.01mm);
Fraction coefficient, highway and Class I highway take 1.645, and other highways take 1.5;
Seasonal effect coefficient, empirically determined according to locality;
Humidity correction factor, empirically determined according to locality;
Temperature correction coefficient, temperature correction: can be according to the regulation in " highway subgrade road surface on-the-spot test code " Carry out or illustrate according to provision or the field data of locality is modified;
It is calculated as follows flexure reduction rate:
In formula:
Flexure representative value reduction rate (%);
Flexure representative value (0.01mm) before slip casting;
Flexure representative value (0.01mm) after slip casting;
The flexure reduction rate calculated, contrasts with design load, meets design and requires to be then qualified, and being unsatisfactory for designing requirement need to answer Note.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cloth set of each measuring point after the position of each measuring point and slip casting before slip casting Put and can identical can also differ.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, deflection testing uses Benkleman beam deflectometer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when arranging measuring point, arrange a measuring point every 20 ~ 50m.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, point layout quantity is more than or equal to 20.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the abnormal measuring point of flexure refer to this flexure point measured value >=,AndFor do not cast out before part measuring point data all measuring points actual measurement flexure meansigma methods and Standard deviation.
The method have the advantages that
1, develop the evaluation methodology of a kind of roadbed grouting and reinforcing, will flexure result eliminate due to the part of road surface factor Going, obtained flexure just can represent the intensity of roadbed more accurately, and evaluation result is the most accurate;
2, GPR predominantly detects flexure abnormal area, greatly reduces workload, improves work efficiency;
3, the use of flexure and GPR makes the weak link of road foundation to be rapidly found out, and slip casting is more targeted, Improve consolidation effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described enforcement Example is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, this area is common All other embodiments that technical staff is obtained under not making creative work premise, broadly fall into the model of present invention protection Enclose.
The embodiment of the present invention includes:
A kind of existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect synthetical evaluation method, including following concrete steps:
One, before slip casting:
(11), district's point layout is surveyed;
(12), deflection testing before slip casting, obtain the deflection value of each measuring point;
(13), GPR test is carried out for the measuring point that flexure is abnormal, determine the compaction rate of flexure abnormal area roadbed, as Testing result display roadbed is closely knit and deflection value is the biggest, then this point data directly given up during follow-up formula calculates Go, roadbed hollowing region is made marks, as emphasis reinforcing area simultaneously;Such as GPR detection display density of roadbed not Enough, then in subsequent calculations, this point data retains;
(14), flexure representative value before slip casting is calculated by formula
Two, after slip casting maintenance is qualified:
(21), district's point layout is surveyed;
(22), deflection testing after slip casting, obtain the deflection value of each measuring point;
(23), GPR test is carried out for the measuring point that flexure is abnormal, determine the compaction rate of flexure abnormal area roadbed, as Testing result display roadbed is closely knit and deflection value is the biggest, then this point data directly given up during follow-up formula calculates Go, roadbed hollowing region is also made marks simultaneously, as multiple note region;It is as inadequate in GPR detection display density of roadbed, Then in subsequent calculations, this point data retains;
(24), flexure representative value after slip casting is calculated by formula
Three, flexure reduction rate is calculated by flexure representative value after flexure representative value before slip casting and slip casting
The abnormal measuring point of flexure in above-mentioned steps refer to this flexure point measured value >=, AndFor not casting out all measuring points actual measurement flexure meansigma methods before part measuring point data and standard deviation.
It is calculated as follows flexure representative value before slip castingWith flexure representative value after slip casting:
In formula:
Actual measurement flexure representative value (0.01mm);
,Actual measurement flexure meansigma methods (0.01mm) and mean square deviation (0.01mm);
Fraction coefficient, highway and Class I highway take 1.645, and other highways take 1.5;
Seasonal effect coefficient, empirically determined according to locality;
Humidity correction factor, empirically determined according to locality;
Temperature correction coefficient, temperature correction: can be according to the regulation in " highway subgrade road surface on-the-spot test code " Carry out or illustrate according to provision or the field data of locality is modified;
It is calculated as follows flexure reduction rate:
In formula:
Flexure representative value reduction rate (%);
Flexure representative value (0.01mm) before slip casting;
Flexure representative value (0.01mm) after slip casting;
The flexure reduction rate calculated, contrasts with design load, meets design and requires to be then qualified, and being unsatisfactory for designing requirement need to answer Note.
The following is a concrete engineering case:
City, Jiangsu secondary distributor road is two-way Four-Lane Road, and road grouting and reinforcing segment length is about 250m, and work done in the manner of a certain author is 2 and evaluates single Unit, arranges a measuring point with 20m, the deflection data of one of them evaluation unit is presented herein below.After design requires slip casting, flexure lowers Rate is more than 30% being qualified, and after requiring slip casting, road surface can not have and substantially arches upward simultaneously.
In present case, this road is city subsidiary road, it is ensured that rate coefficientTake 1.5, Deflection Correction Coefficient before slip castingBeing 1, during detection, the temperature of asphalt surface course is 27.3 DEG C, temperature correction coefficient of tabling look-up to obtainIt is 0.9;After slip casting during detection Asphalt surface course temperature is 20.7 DEG C, correction factorWithDo not revise, be 1.
This evaluation unit, flexure eyeball number 26 before slip casting, according to claim 7 exceptional data point decision principle, i.e. This flexure point measured value >=For flexure abnormity point, hereinAndFor this evaluation unit flexure Actual measurement flexure meansigma methods and standard deviation before not being modified.According to this principle, show that abnormal point numerical is 6, these 6 points are carried out GPR is tested, and has 5 some position roadbeds hollowing occur, and 1 some roadbed is closely knit, casts out roadbed this 1 point closely knit on principle Remaining data are averaged and standard deviation by flexure, calculate flexure representative value and go forward side by side and obtain 88.79 after trip temperature correction (0.01mm), simultaneously, these abnormal areas being made labelling, during slip casting, this region will be as slip casting emphasis.
In like manner, after slip casting, the actual measurement of this evaluation unit flexure counts 28, judges as procedure described above, has drawn 6 Abnormity point, but GPR shows that below 5 points, roadbed is closely knit, shows that these 5 some flexures are to be caused by road surface extremely, according to Decision principle will cast out 5 points, average remaining deflection data and standard deviation, calculate flexure representative value and go forward side by side trip temperature 30.99(0.01mm is obtained) after correction.
Before and after slip casting, the reduction rate of flexure representative value is 100%*(88.79-30.99)/88.79=65.1% > 30% meet set Meter requirement.For ensureing construction quality, flexure abnormal area will carry out after-teeming slurry.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention, not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, every utilize this Equivalent structure or equivalence flow process that bright description is made convert, or are directly or indirectly used in other relevant technology neck Territory, is the most in like manner included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. an existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect synthetical evaluation method, it is characterised in that include following concrete steps:
One, before slip casting:
(11), district's point layout is surveyed;
(12), deflection testing before slip casting, obtain the deflection value of each measuring point;
(13), GPR test is carried out for the measuring point that flexure is abnormal, determine the compaction rate of flexure abnormal area roadbed, as Testing result display roadbed is closely knit and deflection value is the biggest, then this point data directly given up during follow-up formula calculates Go, roadbed hollowing region is made marks, as emphasis reinforcing area simultaneously;Such as GPR detection display density of roadbed not Enough, then in subsequent calculations, this point data retains;
(14), flexure representative value before slip casting is calculated by formula
Two, after slip casting maintenance is qualified:
(21), district's point layout is surveyed;
(22), deflection testing after slip casting, obtain the deflection value of each measuring point;
(23), GPR test is carried out for the measuring point that flexure is abnormal, determine the compaction rate of flexure abnormal area roadbed, as Testing result display roadbed is closely knit and deflection value is the biggest, then this point data directly given up during follow-up formula calculates Go, roadbed hollowing region is also made marks simultaneously, as multiple note region;It is as inadequate in GPR detection display density of roadbed, Then in subsequent calculations, this point data retains;
(24), flexure representative value after slip casting is calculated by formula
Three, flexure reduction rate is calculated by flexure representative value after flexure representative value before slip casting and slip casting
Existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect synthetical evaluation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by following public Formula calculates flexure representative value before slip castingWith flexure representative value after slip casting:
In formula:
Actual measurement flexure representative value (0.01mm);
,Actual measurement flexure meansigma methods (0.01mm) and mean square deviation (0.01mm);
Fraction coefficient, highway and Class I highway take 1.645, and other highways take 1.5;
Seasonal effect coefficient, empirically determined according to locality;
Humidity correction factor, empirically determined according to locality;
Temperature correction coefficient, temperature correction: can be according to the regulation in " highway subgrade road surface on-the-spot test code " Carry out or illustrate according to provision or the field data of locality is modified;
It is calculated as follows flexure reduction rate:
In formula:
Flexure representative value reduction rate (%);
Flexure representative value (0.01mm) before slip casting;
Flexure representative value (0.01mm) after slip casting;
The flexure reduction rate calculated, contrasts with design load, meets design and requires to be then qualified, and being unsatisfactory for designing requirement need to answer Note.
Existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect synthetical evaluation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that each before slip casting After the position of measuring point and slip casting, the position of each measuring point can identical can also differ.
Existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect synthetical evaluation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that deflection testing Use Beckman beam type benkelman beams deflectometer or FWD.
Existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect synthetical evaluation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that arrange measuring point Time every 20 ~ 50m arrange a measuring point.
Existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect synthetical evaluation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that point layout Quantity is more than or equal to 20.
Existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect synthetical evaluation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that flexure is abnormal Measuring point refer to this flexure point measured value >=,AndFor do not cast out part measuring point data it Front all measuring points actual measurement flexure meansigma methods and standard deviation.
CN201610247735.3A 2016-04-20 2016-04-20 A kind of existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect synthetical evaluation method Active CN105862534B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610247735.3A CN105862534B (en) 2016-04-20 2016-04-20 A kind of existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect synthetical evaluation method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610247735.3A CN105862534B (en) 2016-04-20 2016-04-20 A kind of existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect synthetical evaluation method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN105862534A true CN105862534A (en) 2016-08-17
CN105862534B CN105862534B (en) 2018-07-10

Family

ID=56633322

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201610247735.3A Active CN105862534B (en) 2016-04-20 2016-04-20 A kind of existing roadbed grouting consolidation effect synthetical evaluation method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN105862534B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116579664A (en) * 2023-07-10 2023-08-11 常州市建筑科学研究院集团股份有限公司 Detection and evaluation method for roadbed grouting reinforcement effect

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101261263A (en) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-10 郑州大学 Roadbed defect recognition and high polymer grouting rapid reinforcement technology
CN101261265A (en) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-10 郑州大学 Cement concrete road surface void identification and high polymer grouting rapid servicing technology
KR20110135166A (en) * 2010-06-10 2011-12-16 (주)바우테크 Repairing method of pavement sunken
CN103790188A (en) * 2014-01-10 2014-05-14 天津市市政工程研究院 Method for evaluating roadbed grouting reinforcement effects

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101261263A (en) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-10 郑州大学 Roadbed defect recognition and high polymer grouting rapid reinforcement technology
CN101261265A (en) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-10 郑州大学 Cement concrete road surface void identification and high polymer grouting rapid servicing technology
KR20110135166A (en) * 2010-06-10 2011-12-16 (주)바우테크 Repairing method of pavement sunken
CN103790188A (en) * 2014-01-10 2014-05-14 天津市市政工程研究院 Method for evaluating roadbed grouting reinforcement effects

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
沈可: ""唐津高速公路路基压密注浆加固效果的研究"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅱ辑》 *
赵亚兰: "《公路工程》", 31 August 2010 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116579664A (en) * 2023-07-10 2023-08-11 常州市建筑科学研究院集团股份有限公司 Detection and evaluation method for roadbed grouting reinforcement effect
CN116579664B (en) * 2023-07-10 2023-09-15 常州市建筑科学研究院集团股份有限公司 Detection and evaluation method for roadbed grouting reinforcement effect

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105862534B (en) 2018-07-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN104389253B (en) A kind of cement stabilized recycled concrete aggregate basic unit or the design method of underlayment
CN103469710A (en) Roadbed quality control construction method based on rebound modulus
CN106337348A (en) Mix proportion design method for regenerated asphalt mixture
CN107337380B (en) A kind of Cold Recycled Mixture with Emulsified Asphalt preparation method based on internal friction angle
CN105628518A (en) Method for detecting and evaluating compaction uniformity of inorganic stabilized granular base course of road
Han et al. Full-scale investigation on the traffic load influence zone and its dimension for HMA layer in inverted pavement
CN105862534A (en) Synthetic evaluation method for existing roadbed grouting reinforcement effect
CN106777871A (en) A kind of Cement Concrete Road Surface Station method of determination and evaluation
Dong et al. Use of finite element analysis and fatigue failure model to estimate costs of pavement damage caused by heavy vehicles
CN104805748A (en) Additional paving method for rigid road surface
CN109559034A (en) A kind of determination method of urban road inspection shaft and well week road surface maintenance timing
Nantung et al. Pavement Structural Evaluation and Design of Full-Depth Reclamation (FDR) Pavement
Uys Evaluation of gravel loss deterioration models: case study
CN108846217B (en) Simplified calculation method for structural layer resilience modulus of four-structural-layer highway
CN204535698U (en) A kind of subgrade settlement device for detecting deformation
CN110411873B (en) Method for optimizing rut test of rigid-flexible composite pavement
Guo et al. Technical Analysis of Subgrade and Pavement Construction in Settlement Section of Municipal Road and Bridge Engineering
Yousuf et al. Strengthening of flexible pavement through benkelman beam deflection (BBD) technique
Gautam et al. Study of Maintenance Strategy Provisions Based on Functional Evaluation of Pavements
Ghalley et al. Correlation Between Benkelmen Beam and Falling Weight Deflectometer Technique
Wei et al. Performance Evaluation Model of Urban Road Asphalt Pavement Based on Attribute Hierarchical Model and Entropy Weight Method
Wang et al. Long-Life Pavement Design and Construction: A Case Study
Song et al. Modelling and analysis on bearing capacity of asphalt pavement in dense traffic flow of urban areas
Kolisoja et al. Effects of super heavy trucks on the condition of road infrastructure
Le et al. Investigation of performance requirements of full-depth reclamation stabilization

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant