CN105861968B - 一种提高Al‑Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法 - Google Patents
一种提高Al‑Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105861968B CN105861968B CN201610194060.0A CN201610194060A CN105861968B CN 105861968 B CN105861968 B CN 105861968B CN 201610194060 A CN201610194060 A CN 201610194060A CN 105861968 B CN105861968 B CN 105861968B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- solid solution
- aluminum alloy
- strength aluminum
- temperature solid
- high temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical group data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004642 transportation engineering Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwLjAnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwLjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMzguMCcgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID5BPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxNjUuNicgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID5sPC90ZXh0Pgo8cGF0aCBkPSdNIDE3OC45LDE1MC4wIEwgMTc4LjksMTQ5LjggTCAxNzguOSwxNDkuNyBMIDE3OC44LDE0OS41IEwgMTc4LjgsMTQ5LjMgTCAxNzguNywxNDkuMiBMIDE3OC42LDE0OS4wIEwgMTc4LjUsMTQ4LjkgTCAxNzguNCwxNDguNyBMIDE3OC4zLDE0OC42IEwgMTc4LjIsMTQ4LjUgTCAxNzguMSwxNDguNCBMIDE3Ny45LDE0OC4zIEwgMTc3LjgsMTQ4LjIgTCAxNzcuNiwxNDguMSBMIDE3Ny41LDE0OC4xIEwgMTc3LjMsMTQ4LjAgTCAxNzcuMSwxNDguMCBMIDE3Ni45LDE0OC4wIEwgMTc2LjgsMTQ4LjAgTCAxNzYuNiwxNDguMCBMIDE3Ni40LDE0OC4xIEwgMTc2LjMsMTQ4LjEgTCAxNzYuMSwxNDguMiBMIDE3NS45LDE0OC4yIEwgMTc1LjgsMTQ4LjMgTCAxNzUuNywxNDguNCBMIDE3NS41LDE0OC41IEwgMTc1LjQsMTQ4LjcgTCAxNzUuMywxNDguOCBMIDE3NS4yLDE0OC45IEwgMTc1LjEsMTQ5LjEgTCAxNzUuMCwxNDkuMiBMIDE3NS4wLDE0OS40IEwgMTc0LjksMTQ5LjYgTCAxNzQuOSwxNDkuNyBMIDE3NC45LDE0OS45IEwgMTc0LjksMTUwLjEgTCAxNzQuOSwxNTAuMyBMIDE3NC45LDE1MC40IEwgMTc1LjAsMTUwLjYgTCAxNzUuMCwxNTAuOCBMIDE3NS4xLDE1MC45IEwgMTc1LjIsMTUxLjEgTCAxNzUuMywxNTEuMiBMIDE3NS40LDE1MS4zIEwgMTc1LjUsMTUxLjUgTCAxNzUuNywxNTEuNiBMIDE3NS44LDE1MS43IEwgMTc1LjksMTUxLjggTCAxNzYuMSwxNTEuOCBMIDE3Ni4zLDE1MS45IEwgMTc2LjQsMTUxLjkgTCAxNzYuNiwxNTIuMCBMIDE3Ni44LDE1Mi4wIEwgMTc2LjksMTUyLjAgTCAxNzcuMSwxNTIuMCBMIDE3Ny4zLDE1Mi4wIEwgMTc3LjUsMTUxLjkgTCAxNzcuNiwxNTEuOSBMIDE3Ny44LDE1MS44IEwgMTc3LjksMTUxLjcgTCAxNzguMSwxNTEuNiBMIDE3OC4yLDE1MS41IEwgMTc4LjMsMTUxLjQgTCAxNzguNCwxNTEuMyBMIDE3OC41LDE1MS4xIEwgMTc4LjYsMTUxLjAgTCAxNzguNywxNTAuOCBMIDE3OC44LDE1MC43IEwgMTc4LjgsMTUwLjUgTCAxNzguOSwxNTAuMyBMIDE3OC45LDE1MC4yIEwgMTc4LjksMTUwLjAgTCAxNzYuOSwxNTAuMCBaJyBzdHlsZT0nZmlsbDojMDAwMDAwO2ZpbGwtcnVsZTpldmVub2RkO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTojMDAwMDAwO3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDowLjBweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpidXR0O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjptaXRlcjtzdHJva2Utb3BhY2l0eToxOycgLz4KPHBhdGggZD0nTSAxNzguOSwxNjguNSBMIDE3OC45LDE2OC4zIEwgMTc4LjksMTY4LjEgTCAxNzguOCwxNjcuOSBMIDE3OC44LDE2Ny44IEwgMTc4LjcsMTY3LjYgTCAxNzguNiwxNjcuNSBMIDE3OC41LDE2Ny4zIEwgMTc4LjQsMTY3LjIgTCAxNzguMywxNjcuMSBMIDE3OC4yLDE2Ni45IEwgMTc4LjEsMTY2LjggTCAxNzcuOSwxNjYuNyBMIDE3Ny44LDE2Ni43IEwgMTc3LjYsMTY2LjYgTCAxNzcuNSwxNjYuNSBMIDE3Ny4zLDE2Ni41IEwgMTc3LjEsMTY2LjUgTCAxNzYuOSwxNjYuNSBMIDE3Ni44LDE2Ni41IEwgMTc2LjYsMTY2LjUgTCAxNzYuNCwxNjYuNSBMIDE3Ni4zLDE2Ni42IEwgMTc2LjEsMTY2LjYgTCAxNzUuOSwxNjYuNyBMIDE3NS44LDE2Ni44IEwgMTc1LjcsMTY2LjkgTCAxNzUuNSwxNjcuMCBMIDE3NS40LDE2Ny4xIEwgMTc1LjMsMTY3LjMgTCAxNzUuMiwxNjcuNCBMIDE3NS4xLDE2Ny41IEwgMTc1LjAsMTY3LjcgTCAxNzUuMCwxNjcuOSBMIDE3NC45LDE2OC4wIEwgMTc0LjksMTY4LjIgTCAxNzQuOSwxNjguNCBMIDE3NC45LDE2OC41IEwgMTc0LjksMTY4LjcgTCAxNzQuOSwxNjguOSBMIDE3NS4wLDE2OS4wIEwgMTc1LjAsMTY5LjIgTCAxNzUuMSwxNjkuNCBMIDE3NS4yLDE2OS41IEwgMTc1LjMsMTY5LjcgTCAxNzUuNCwxNjkuOCBMIDE3NS41LDE2OS45IEwgMTc1LjcsMTcwLjAgTCAxNzUuOCwxNzAuMSBMIDE3NS45LDE3MC4yIEwgMTc2LjEsMTcwLjMgTCAxNzYuMywxNzAuNCBMIDE3Ni40LDE3MC40IEwgMTc2LjYsMTcwLjQgTCAxNzYuOCwxNzAuNSBMIDE3Ni45LDE3MC41IEwgMTc3LjEsMTcwLjQgTCAxNzcuMywxNzAuNCBMIDE3Ny41LDE3MC40IEwgMTc3LjYsMTcwLjMgTCAxNzcuOCwxNzAuMyBMIDE3Ny45LDE3MC4yIEwgMTc4LjEsMTcwLjEgTCAxNzguMiwxNzAuMCBMIDE3OC4zLDE2OS45IEwgMTc4LjQsMTY5LjcgTCAxNzguNSwxNjkuNiBMIDE3OC42LDE2OS40IEwgMTc4LjcsMTY5LjMgTCAxNzguOCwxNjkuMSBMIDE3OC44LDE2OS4wIEwgMTc4LjksMTY4LjggTCAxNzguOSwxNjguNiBMIDE3OC45LDE2OC41IEwgMTc2LjksMTY4LjUgWicgc3R5bGU9J2ZpbGw6IzAwMDAwMDtmaWxsLXJ1bGU6ZXZlbm9kZDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6IzAwMDAwMDtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6MC4wcHg7c3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVjYXA6YnV0dDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46bWl0ZXI7c3Ryb2tlLW9wYWNpdHk6MTsnIC8+CjxwYXRoIGQ9J00gMTc4LjksMTMxLjUgTCAxNzguOSwxMzEuNCBMIDE3OC45LDEzMS4yIEwgMTc4LjgsMTMxLjAgTCAxNzguOCwxMzAuOSBMIDE3OC43LDEzMC43IEwgMTc4LjYsMTMwLjYgTCAxNzguNSwxMzAuNCBMIDE3OC40LDEzMC4zIEwgMTc4LjMsMTMwLjEgTCAxNzguMiwxMzAuMCBMIDE3OC4xLDEyOS45IEwgMTc3LjksMTI5LjggTCAxNzcuOCwxMjkuNyBMIDE3Ny42LDEyOS43IEwgMTc3LjUsMTI5LjYgTCAxNzcuMywxMjkuNiBMIDE3Ny4xLDEyOS42IEwgMTc2LjksMTI5LjUgTCAxNzYuOCwxMjkuNSBMIDE3Ni42LDEyOS42IEwgMTc2LjQsMTI5LjYgTCAxNzYuMywxMjkuNiBMIDE3Ni4xLDEyOS43IEwgMTc1LjksMTI5LjggTCAxNzUuOCwxMjkuOSBMIDE3NS43LDEzMC4wIEwgMTc1LjUsMTMwLjEgTCAxNzUuNCwxMzAuMiBMIDE3NS4zLDEzMC4zIEwgMTc1LjIsMTMwLjUgTCAxNzUuMSwxMzAuNiBMIDE3NS4wLDEzMC44IEwgMTc1LjAsMTMxLjAgTCAxNzQuOSwxMzEuMSBMIDE3NC45LDEzMS4zIEwgMTc0LjksMTMxLjUgTCAxNzQuOSwxMzEuNiBMIDE3NC45LDEzMS44IEwgMTc0LjksMTMyLjAgTCAxNzUuMCwxMzIuMSBMIDE3NS4wLDEzMi4zIEwgMTc1LjEsMTMyLjUgTCAxNzUuMiwxMzIuNiBMIDE3NS4zLDEzMi43IEwgMTc1LjQsMTMyLjkgTCAxNzUuNSwxMzMuMCBMIDE3NS43LDEzMy4xIEwgMTc1LjgsMTMzLjIgTCAxNzUuOSwxMzMuMyBMIDE3Ni4xLDEzMy40IEwgMTc2LjMsMTMzLjQgTCAxNzYuNCwxMzMuNSBMIDE3Ni42LDEzMy41IEwgMTc2LjgsMTMzLjUgTCAxNzYuOSwxMzMuNSBMIDE3Ny4xLDEzMy41IEwgMTc3LjMsMTMzLjUgTCAxNzcuNSwxMzMuNSBMIDE3Ny42LDEzMy40IEwgMTc3LjgsMTMzLjMgTCAxNzcuOSwxMzMuMyBMIDE3OC4xLDEzMy4yIEwgMTc4LjIsMTMzLjEgTCAxNzguMywxMzIuOSBMIDE3OC40LDEzMi44IEwgMTc4LjUsMTMyLjcgTCAxNzguNiwxMzIuNSBMIDE3OC43LDEzMi40IEwgMTc4LjgsMTMyLjIgTCAxNzguOCwxMzIuMSBMIDE3OC45LDEzMS45IEwgMTc4LjksMTMxLjcgTCAxNzguOSwxMzEuNSBMIDE3Ni45LDEzMS41IFonIHN0eWxlPSdmaWxsOiMwMDAwMDA7ZmlsbC1ydWxlOmV2ZW5vZGQ7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOiMwMDAwMDA7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjAuMHB4O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lY2FwOmJ1dHQ7c3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVqb2luOm1pdGVyO3N0cm9rZS1vcGFjaXR5OjE7JyAvPgo8cGF0aCBkPSdNIDE3OC45LDE1MC4wIEwgMTc4LjksMTQ5LjggTCAxNzguOSwxNDkuNyBMIDE3OC44LDE0OS41IEwgMTc4LjgsMTQ5LjMgTCAxNzguNywxNDkuMiBMIDE3OC42LDE0OS4wIEwgMTc4LjUsMTQ4LjkgTCAxNzguNCwxNDguNyBMIDE3OC4zLDE0OC42IEwgMTc4LjIsMTQ4LjUgTCAxNzguMSwxNDguNCBMIDE3Ny45LDE0OC4zIEwgMTc3LjgsMTQ4LjIgTCAxNzcuNiwxNDguMSBMIDE3Ny41LDE0OC4xIEwgMTc3LjMsMTQ4LjAgTCAxNzcuMSwxNDguMCBMIDE3Ni45LDE0OC4wIEwgMTc2LjgsMTQ4LjAgTCAxNzYuNiwxNDguMCBMIDE3Ni40LDE0OC4xIEwgMTc2LjMsMTQ4LjEgTCAxNzYuMSwxNDguMiBMIDE3NS45LDE0OC4yIEwgMTc1LjgsMTQ4LjMgTCAxNzUuNywxNDguNCBMIDE3NS41LDE0OC41IEwgMTc1LjQsMTQ4LjcgTCAxNzUuMywxNDguOCBMIDE3NS4yLDE0OC45IEwgMTc1LjEsMTQ5LjEgTCAxNzUuMCwxNDkuMiBMIDE3NS4wLDE0OS40IEwgMTc0LjksMTQ5LjYgTCAxNzQuOSwxNDkuNyBMIDE3NC45LDE0OS45IEwgMTc0LjksMTUwLjEgTCAxNzQuOSwxNTAuMyBMIDE3NC45LDE1MC40IEwgMTc1LjAsMTUwLjYgTCAxNzUuMCwxNTAuOCBMIDE3NS4xLDE1MC45IEwgMTc1LjIsMTUxLjEgTCAxNzUuMywxNTEuMiBMIDE3NS40LDE1MS4zIEwgMTc1LjUsMTUxLjUgTCAxNzUuNywxNTEuNiBMIDE3NS44LDE1MS43IEwgMTc1LjksMTUxLjggTCAxNzYuMSwxNTEuOCBMIDE3Ni4zLDE1MS45IEwgMTc2LjQsMTUxLjkgTCAxNzYuNiwxNTIuMCBMIDE3Ni44LDE1Mi4wIEwgMTc2LjksMTUyLjAgTCAxNzcuMSwxNTIuMCBMIDE3Ny4zLDE1Mi4wIEwgMTc3LjUsMTUxLjkgTCAxNzcuNiwxNTEuOSBMIDE3Ny44LDE1MS44IEwgMTc3LjksMTUxLjcgTCAxNzguMSwxNTEuNiBMIDE3OC4yLDE1MS41IEwgMTc4LjMsMTUxLjQgTCAxNzguNCwxNTEuMyBMIDE3OC41LDE1MS4xIEwgMTc4LjYsMTUxLjAgTCAxNzguNywxNTAuOCBMIDE3OC44LDE1MC43IEwgMTc4LjgsMTUwLjUgTCAxNzguOSwxNTAuMyBMIDE3OC45LDE1MC4yIEwgMTc4LjksMTUwLjAgTCAxNzYuOSwxNTAuMCBaJyBzdHlsZT0nZmlsbDojMDAwMDAwO2ZpbGwtcnVsZTpldmVub2RkO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTojMDAwMDAwO3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDowLjBweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpidXR0O3N0cm9rZS1saW5lam9pbjptaXRlcjtzdHJva2Utb3BhY2l0eToxOycgLz4KPC9zdmc+Cg== data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
Abstract
一种提高Al‑Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法。其主要步骤为：在Al‑Cu系高强铝合金环件多向锻造、冲孔、扩孔、环轧等塑性成形过程中引入高温固溶‑降温析出热处理与环轧后最终快速升温‑高温固溶处理的多重高温固溶热处理工艺，其主要特征是：(1)高温固溶‑降温析出热处理，高温固溶温度为535～548℃，固溶时间为0.5‑20h，降温析出温度为450～500℃，时间为0.5～4h；(2)环轧后最终快速升温‑高温固溶，升温速率100～200℃/h,高温固溶温度为535～548℃，固溶时间为0.5‑20h。与常规塑性成形工艺流程相比,本发明引入高温固溶‑降温析出热处理与环轧后最终快速升温‑高温固溶处理工艺，显著减少残余结晶相的数量和尺寸和促进再结晶，提高高强铝合金环件强度5～10％，延伸率提高50％以上。本发明工艺方法简单、操作方便，适于工业化应用，对提高航空航天、交通运输等领域应用的Al‑Cu系高强铝合金环件的性能具有重要作用。
Description
一种提高AI-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，特别是指在合金 环件多向锻造、冲孔、扩孔、环乳等塑性成形过程中引入高温固溶-降温析出热处理与环乳 后最终快速升温-高温固溶处理工艺提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，属于金 属材料塑性成形与热处理工艺技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件是一类重要的轻质高强结构材料，广泛应用于航空航天、 交通运输等领域。Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件的制备流程包括铸锭多向锻造、锻坯冲孔、锻坯 扩孔和环坯环乳塑性成形过程和固溶与时效等热处理过程。常规的Al-Cu系高强铝合金环 件制备过程为：将铸锭或坯料在加热炉中350〜500°C预热后进行多向锻造开坯、冲孔、扩 孔、环乳塑性成形，中间经过多道次350〜500°C预热退火，之后再进行最终的固溶和时效热 处理过程。锻坯和环坯塑性变形前的常规预热退火工艺温度远低于固溶温度，只能起到预 热和降低加工硬化的退火作用，对Al-Cu系高强铝合金坯料中残余的粗大凝固结晶相不能 起固溶的作用，且组织各向异性严重，环件塑性成形后虽经最终的固溶和时效热处理，但残 余结晶相数量多且尺寸较大，各向异性严重，导致环件最终的力学性能偏低，难以满足新一 代航空航天运载器等重大工程对高性能Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件需要。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明的目的在于克服现有技术之不足而提供一种工艺方法简单、操作方便、通 过高温固溶热处理提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法。本发明在环件多向锻造、 冲孔、扩孔、环乳等塑性成形过程中引入高温固溶-降温析出热处理与环乳后最终快速升 温-高温固溶处理工艺的多重高温固溶热处理工艺，可有效促进残余结晶相固溶进入基体， 显著减少残余结晶相的数量、尺度，促进再结晶，有效提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环形力学性 能。
[0004] 本发明一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，是在铝合金环件塑性 成形工艺过程中的任意相邻两个塑性变形工序之间或任意相邻两个塑性变形工序之后进 行一次高温固溶保温+低温析出工艺，在铝合金环件塑性成形工艺结束后，进行一次快速高 温固溶+水淬热处理，最后，进行人工时效。
[0005] 本发明一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，铝合金环件塑性成形 工艺过程包括的塑性变形工序为锻造工序、冲孔工序、扩孔工序、环乳工序。
[0006] 本发明一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，所述高温固溶保温+低 温析出工艺在锻造工序、冲孔工序、扩孔工序、环乳工序中的任意相邻两个塑性变形工序之 间或在锻造工序、冲孔工序、扩孔工序、环乳工序中的任意相邻两个塑性变形工序之后进 行。
[0007] 本发明一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，高温固溶保温+低温析 出工艺参数为:高温固溶温度535〜548°C，保温时间0.5-20h，降温析出温度为450〜500°C， 析出保温时间为0.5〜4h;优选的高温固溶温度为538〜545°C，保温时间3〜15h;优选降温 析出温度为460〜490°C，析出保温时间为1〜3h。
[0008] 本发明一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，快速高温固溶+水淬热 处理工艺参数为:升温速率100°C/h以上，高温固溶温度535〜548°C，保温0.5-20h后水淬； 优选的快速高温固溶温度为538〜545 °C，保温时间5〜20h。
[0009] 本发明一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，快速高温固溶升温速 率为 100-200 °C/h。
[0010] 本发明一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，Al-Cu系高强铝合金包 括下述组分，按质量百分比组成：
[0011] Cu 5.8-6.8%，余量为A1。
[0012] 本发明一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，Al-Cu系高强铝合金包 括下述组分，按质量百分比组成：
[0013] Cu 5.8-6.8%,
[0014] MnO. 2-0.4%,
[0015] ZrO .10-0.16 %，余量为Al。
[0016] 本发明一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，处理后的铝合金环件 力学性能参数为:〇b为:421-443/Mpa，〇〇.2为 330-358MpaJ 为6-9%。
[0017] 本发明在Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件塑性成形过程中进行高温固溶-降温析出热处 理多重高温固溶热处理工艺，一方面可以利用变形过程中产生的位错和高温条件的综合作 用强化固溶，促进环件大部分结晶相的溶解，利用降温析出第二相，利用粒子促进再结晶形 核，降低各向异性;另一方面可充分消除加工硬化，起到退火的作用。环件成形后，采用快速 升温-高温固溶工艺，通过快速升温减少缓慢升温过程中第二相长大，并利用高温固溶促进 结晶相固溶，有效提高高强铝合金环件强度和塑性。
[0018] 与常规的塑性变形一单次最终固溶热处理相比，本发明提出在Al-Cu系高强铝合 金环件的多向锻造、冲孔、扩孔、环乳等塑性成形过程采用高温固溶-降温析出热处理与环 乳后最终快速升温-高温固溶处理的多重高温固溶热处理工艺。其中采用多向锻造等塑性 成形方法，细化粗大的原始晶粒和破碎粗大结晶相;通过在塑性成形过程中进行高温固溶-降温析出热处理，溶解大部分粗大结晶相，并在降温过程中析出第二相，利用粒子促进再结 晶形核;通过后续的塑性成形处理，进一步细化晶粒和破碎结晶相;通过最终快速升温-高 温固溶处理工艺高温固溶热处理，通过快速升温减少缓慢升温过程中第二相长大，并利用 高温固溶促进结晶相进一步溶解，淬火形成过饱和固溶体，时效析出强化相。经过上述的固 溶热处理方法，显著减少了 Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件的残余结晶相，明显提高高强铝合金环 件的力学性能，特别是延伸率。本发明处理的合金环件较现有技术处理的合金环件的力学 性能有明显提高，其中：〇b平均提高了5.25-9.38%、〇〇.2平均提高了5.43〜11 % ;塑性δ平均 提尚了50〜80%。
[0019] 综上所述，本发明的Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件固溶热处理，工艺方法简单、操作方 便，能有效减少残余结晶的数量，显著提高环件的力学性能，特别是延伸率。本发明将推动 Al-Cu系高性能高强铝合金环件的研发和工业化应用，对航空航天、交通运输等相关领域的 发展有重要作用。
附图说明
[0020] 附图1是本发明工艺流程示意图。
[0021] 附图2为对比例1采用常规塑性变形一单次固溶热处理后时效态合金的残余结晶 相金相照片；
[0022] 附图3为实施例1采用本发明多次固溶热处理后时效态合金的残余结晶相金相照 片；
[0023] 附图4为实施例6采用本发明多次固溶热处理时效态合金残余结晶相照片；
[0024] 从附图2、附图3和附图4可以看出：本发明实施例1和实施例2处理的Al-Cu系高强 铝合金环件的显微组织中的残余结晶相比对比例1常规工艺处理环件残余结晶相显著减 少。
具体实施方式：
[0025] 对比例1和实施例1-6采用均匀化的Al-6.3Cu-0.3Mn-0.13Zr (质量分数)高强铝合 金铸坯，采用如附图1所示工艺流程进行塑性变形和多次固溶热处理，变形温度、固溶温度 等条件具体见对比例和实施例。对比例1和实施例1-6的多向锻造成形与冲孔、扩孔、环乳的 塑性变形量相同。其中多向锻造与冲孔的等效应变为3,扩孔的等效应变为2,环乳的等效应 变为2。
[0026] 采用对比例1和实施例1-6所制备的高强铝合金环件轴向强度与延伸率如表1。其 中力学拉伸实验参照GB/T228。
[0027] 对比例1:
[0028] Al-Cu系铝合金均匀化铸锭在450°C预热4h并多向锻造和冲孔;450°C预热4h并扩 孔、450 °C预热4h并环乳、535 °C /4h固溶淬火，3 %冷变形和165 °C /24h时效
[0029] 实施例1:
[0030] Al-Cu系铝合金均匀化铸锭在450°C预热4h并多向锻造和冲孔;535°C保温4h高温 固溶热处理和500°C保温0.5h降温析出；450°C预热4h并扩孔、450°C预热4h并环乳、535°C固 溶4h淬火，3 %冷变形和165 °C /24h时效
[0031] 实施例2:
[0032] Al-Cu系铝合金均匀化铸锭在450°C预热4h并多向锻造和冲孔;450°C预热4h并扩 孔、535 °C保温20h高温固溶热处理和450 °C保温4h降温析出，450 °C预热4h并环乳、535 °C固 溶20h淬火，3 %冷变形和165 °C /24h时效
[0033] 实施例3:
[0034] Al-Cu系铝合金均匀化铸锭在450°C预热4h并多向锻造和冲孔;450°C预热4h并扩 孔、535°C保温4h高温固溶热处理和450°C保温4h降温析出，450°C预热4h并环乳、升温速率 100 °C /h至535 °C并固溶20h水冷淬火至室温，3 %冷变形和165 °C /24h时效
[0035] 实施例4:
[0036] Al-Cu系铝合金均匀化铸锭在450°C预热4h并多向锻造和冲孔;450°C预热4h并扩 孔、535 °C保温20h高温固溶热处理和500 °C保温4h降温析出，450 °C预热4h并环乳、升温速率 200 °C /h至535 °C固溶20h淬火，3 %冷变形和165 °C /24h时效
[0037] 实施例5:
[0038] Al-Cu系铝合金均匀化铸锭在450°C预热4h并多向锻造和冲孔;450°C预热4h并扩 孔、548°C保温4h高温固溶热处理和450°C保温4h降温析出，450°C预热4h并环乳、升温速率 100 °C /h至548 °C固溶4h淬火，3 %冷变形和165 °C /24h时效
[0039] 实施例6:
[0040] Al-Cu系铝合金均匀化铸锭在450°C预热4h并多向锻造和冲孔;548°C保温20h高温 固溶热处理和450 °C保温4h降温析出，；450 °C扩孔、545 °C固溶IOh，450 °C预热4h并环乳、升 温速率I 〇〇°C /h至548 °C固溶20h淬火，3 %冷变形和165 °C /24h时效
[0041] 表1高强铝合金环件经多次固溶热处理并经时效后的轴向力学性能
[0042]
~表1结果显示，与常规塑性变形与单次固溶热处理方法相比，在Al-Cu系高强铝合 金环件多向锻造、冲孔、扩孔、环乳等塑性成形过程中引入高温固溶-降温析出热处理与环 乳后采用快速升温-高温固溶处理的多重高温固溶热处理工艺，环件的轴向强度Ob为:421-443Mpa，σQ.2为330-358Mpa，延伸率δ为6-9%，较对比例l处理的合金环件的抗拉强度σb平均 提高了5.25-9.38%、屈服强度σ〇.2平均提高了5.43〜11 % ;延伸率δ平均提高了50〜80%。
Claims (7)
1. 一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，其特征在于:在铝合金环件塑性 成形工艺过程中的任意相邻两个塑性变形工序之间或任意相邻两个塑性变形工序之后进 行一次高温固溶保温+低温析出工艺，在铝合金环件塑性成形工艺结束后，进行一次快速高 温固溶+水淬热处理，最后，进行人工时效； 高温固溶保温+低温析出工艺参数为：高温固溶温度535〜548°C，保温时间0.5-20 h，降 温析出温度为450〜500 °C，析出保温时间为0.5〜4h; 快速高温固溶+水淬热处理工艺参数为:升温速率l〇〇°C/h以上，快速高温固溶温度 535〜548 °C，保温0.5-20 h后水淬。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，其特征在 于:铝合金环件塑性成形工艺过程包括的塑性变形工序为锻造工序、冲孔工序、扩孔工序、 环乳工序。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，其特征在 于:所述高温固溶保温+低温析出工艺在锻造工序、冲孔工序、扩孔工序、环乳工序中的任意 相邻两个塑性变形工序之间或在锻造工序、冲孔工序、扩孔工序、环乳工序中的任意相邻两 个塑性变形工序之后进行。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，其特征在 于:快速高温固溶升温速率为100-200 °C/h。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，Al-Cu系 高强铝合金包括下述组分，按质量百分比组成： Cu 5.8-6.8%，余量为Al。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法，Al-Cu系 高强铝合金包括下述组分，按质量百分比组成： Cu 5.8-6.8%, MnO.1-0.7%, ZrO. 10-0.16%，余量为 Al。
7. 根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的一种提高Al-Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方 法，其特征在于:处理后的铝合金环件轴向力学性能参数为:Ob为:421_443MPa，σ〇.2为330-358ΜΡα，δ为5-9%。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610194060.0A CN105861968B (zh) | 2016-03-30 | 2016-03-30 | 一种提高Al‑Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610194060.0A CN105861968B (zh) | 2016-03-30 | 2016-03-30 | 一种提高Al‑Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105861968A CN105861968A (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
| CN105861968B true CN105861968B (zh) | 2018-01-16 |
Family
ID=56626535
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610194060.0A Active CN105861968B (zh) | 2016-03-30 | 2016-03-30 | 一种提高Al‑Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105861968B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3617811A1 (fr) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-03-04 | Rolex Sa | Procédé de réalisation d'une friction par lanternage |
| CN110144533B (zh) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-02-04 | 中南大学 | 一种调控2219铝合金环件粗大第二相的方法 |
| CN110592502B (zh) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-05-18 | 江苏江南创佳型材有限公司 | 一种基于剧烈塑性变形的高强变形铝合金的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100580129C (zh) * | 2008-08-22 | 2010-01-13 | 中南大学 | 一种Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金的三级固溶热处理方法 |
| CN103469129A (zh) * | 2013-08-30 | 2013-12-25 | 天津大学 | 2219铝合金的时效热处理方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-03-30 CN CN201610194060.0A patent/CN105861968B/zh active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105861968A (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106868436B (zh) | 一种快径锻联合生产高温合金gh4169细晶棒材制造方法 | |
| CN110449541B (zh) | 一种gh4169高温合金自由锻棒坯及其制备方法 | |
| CN102644039B (zh) | 半导体设备用高品质6061铝合金锻件制备方法 | |
| CN100436045C (zh) | 一种环形锻件的制备方法 | |
| CN101580923B (zh) | 改善tc4钛合金铸锭性能的锻造方法 | |
| CN105861968B (zh) | 一种提高Al‑Cu系高强铝合金环件力学性能的方法 | |
| CN108746447A (zh) | 一种高强耐蚀铝合金锻件制造工艺 | |
| CN106862272B (zh) | 一种高强度高延展性镁合金板材的制备方法 | |
| CN102764838A (zh) | 一种渗碳钢20CrMnTi为材料的齿轮热精锻加工工艺 | |
| CN103320734A (zh) | 医用细晶钛/钛合金棒材的生产方法 | |
| CN109136689B (zh) | 一种Al-Zn-Mg-Cu超高强铝合金及其快速挤压在线淬火生产方法 | |
| CN105525179A (zh) | 一种稀土镁合金大尺寸高强锻件的制备方法 | |
| CN105177258A (zh) | 一种高韧性、高等向性大截面热作模具钢的生产方法 | |
| CN108890218A (zh) | 一种高强耐热铝合金锻件制造工艺 | |
| CN110170606B (zh) | 一种2a14铝合金高筒件的制备工艺 | |
| CN105935733A (zh) | 一种大尺寸高强铝合金锻饼的制备方法 | |
| CN110205572B (zh) | 一种两相Ti-Al-Zr-Mo-V钛合金锻棒的制备方法 | |
| CN104775059A (zh) | 具有长时间自然时效稳定性的Al-Mg-Si系铝合金材料、铝合金板及其制造方法 | |
| CN112589022A (zh) | 一种优质难变形高温合金低偏析细晶棒材制造方法 | |
| CN106734795A (zh) | 一种高铌gh4169合金棒材的制备方法 | |
| CN109079067A (zh) | 高强度铝合金环件轧制成形方法 | |
| CN103447433A (zh) | 一种大尺寸镁合金锻饼的制备方法 | |
| RU2314362C2 (ru) | СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНОЙ ЗАГОТОВКИ ИЗ α- ИЛИ α+β-ТИТАНОВЫХ СПЛАВОВ | |
| CN106544608B (zh) | 一种特厚细晶高强韧镁合金锻件的成形方法 | |
| CN107119219A (zh) | 大直径aq80m镁合金棒材热挤压工艺 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |