CN105861122B - 一种重载专用柴油机油及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种重载专用柴油机油及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105861122B
CN105861122B CN201610221511.5A CN201610221511A CN105861122B CN 105861122 B CN105861122 B CN 105861122B CN 201610221511 A CN201610221511 A CN 201610221511A CN 105861122 B CN105861122 B CN 105861122B
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黄毅
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种重载专用柴油机油及其制备方法，所述重载专用柴油机油由下述重量份的原料组成：单烯基丁二酰亚胺0.9‑1.1份、烷基苯磺酸钙0.45‑0.65份、氢化苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物9‑13份、聚甲基丙烯酸酯0.2‑0.4份、二甲基硅油0.002‑0.005份、胺基二异丙基二硫代磷酸钨0.1‑0.3份、N,N‑二(2‑乙基己基)二硫代氨基甲酸钼0.3‑0.5份、抗氧剂0.3‑0.7份、基础油80‑90份。本发明重载专用柴油机油，具有适宜的粘度指数和良好的粘温性能，良好的抗腐蚀性能及抗氧化性能，延长发动机的使用寿命，具有优良的清净分散性，有效防止小颗粒烟怠积聚，能广泛应用于道路复杂地区以及需要重载爬坡的车辆。

Description

一种重载专用柴油机油及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑油技术领域，具体涉及一种重载专用柴油机油及其制备方法。
技术背景
柴油机油是车用润滑油的一个重要分支，柴油机属于压燃式内燃机。柴油机采用压缩空气的办法提高空气温度超过柴油的自燃点，这时再喷入柴油，柴油油雾和空气混合的同时自己点火燃烧。柴油机与汽油机相比较而言，首先热效率高，燃料经济性好，可使用价廉的重油。燃油的消耗率低，其次功率和转速范围大，环保性好，二氧化碳排放量和汽油机相比较大约低30-35％。因此应用领域广泛，所以柴油机油的需求量随之日益增长。
发动机的节能减排可以通过3种主要途径来开展：改变和改善发动机设计、提高燃料质量和采用润滑油节能技术。由于发动机设计导致的可信度和耐久性测试通常需要花费相当长的时间和很高的成本，同时燃料质量提升的空间已不大，相比之下，通过润滑油配方技术来提高燃料经济性的成本要远低于改变发动机硬件的成本，所以燃料经济性发动机油的研制使用，能更快地实现节能减排目的。
在一些地势复杂地区或者车辆超载情况下，车辆长时间的超负荷运行需要更长的燃料喷射时间，被过度磨损的活塞环及燃油喷嘴，过长的怠速运转，较差的路况或盘山公路等，都会造成不合适的空燃比或较差的柴油雾化效果，从而使发动机燃烧效果变差，产生大量的烟炱，运营的旧车辆也会产生大量的烟炱，在如此苛刻的条件下使用普通机油经常会产生爬坡油压不足的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的不足，本发明解决的技术问题之一是提供一种重载专用柴油机油。
本发明解决的技术问题之二是提供上述重载专用柴油机油的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是：
一种重载专用柴油机油，由下述重量份的原料组成：单烯基丁二酰亚胺0.9-1.1份、烷基苯磺酸钙0.45-0.65份、氢化苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物9-13份、聚甲基丙烯酸酯0.2-0.4份、二甲基硅油0.002-0.005份、胺基二异丙基二硫代磷酸钨0.1-0.3份、N,N-二(2-乙基己基)二硫代氨基甲酸钼0.3-0.5份、抗氧剂0.3-0.7份、基础油80-90份。
所述的基础油由癸二酸二辛酯、癸二酸二异丙酯、9-十八烯酸-9-十八烯酯混合而成，所述癸二酸二辛酯、癸二酸二异丙酯、9-十八烯酸-9-十八烯酯的质量比为(1-3)：(1-3)：(1-3)。
优选地，所述的抗氧剂由40-60wt％硫代二乙撑双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]和40-60wt％三乙二醇醚-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯组成。
本发明还提供了上述重载专用柴油机油的制备方法：将单烯基丁二酰亚胺、烷基苯磺酸钙、氢化苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、二甲基硅油、胺基二异丙基二硫代磷酸钨、N,N-二(2-乙基己基)二硫代氨基甲酸钼、抗氧剂、基础油加入调和釜中混合均匀，即得所述重载专用柴油机油。
本发明重载专用柴油机油，具有适宜的粘度指数和良好的粘温性能，良好的抗腐蚀性能及抗氧化性能，延长发动机的使用寿命，具有优良的清净分散性，有效防止小颗粒烟怠积聚，能广泛应用于道路复杂地区以及需要重载爬坡的车辆。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明，以下所述，仅是对本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明做其他形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更为同等变化的等效实施例。凡是未脱离本发明方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以下实施例所做的任何简单修改或等同变化，均落在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例各原料介绍：
烷基苯磺酸钙采用专利申请号：200810011923.1中实施例1的方法制备。
单烯基丁二酰亚胺，其结构式如下：
其中，PIB为分子量为1000的聚异丁烯，n＝3。
氢化苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物采用氢化聚苯乙烯-b-苯乙烯/丁二烯/异戊二烯无规共聚物，采用专利申请号：201410115135.2中实施例1的方法制备。
聚甲基丙烯酸酯，采用专利申请号：201410753667.9中实施例1的方法制备聚甲基丙烯酸酯。
二甲基硅油，CAS号：63148-62-9，采用道康宁PMX-200常规粘度消泡剂二甲基硅油，粘度350cs。
N,N-二(2-乙基己基)二硫代氨基甲酸钼，其结构式如下：
其中R为2-乙基己基。
胺基二异丙基二硫代磷酸钨，其结构式如下：
硫代二乙撑双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]，CAS号：41484-35-9。
三乙二醇醚-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯，CAS号：36443-68-2。
癸二酸二辛酯，CAS号：2432-87-3。
癸二酸二异丙酯，CAS号：7491-02-3。
9-十八烯酸-9-十八烯酯，采用专利申请号：201280008727.3中实施例中制备化合物A：9-十八烯酸-9-十八烯酯。
实施例1
重载专用柴油机油原料(重量份)：单烯基丁二酰亚胺1.0份、烷基苯磺酸钙0.55份、氢化苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物11份、聚甲基丙烯酸酯0.3份、二甲基硅油0.003份、胺基二异丙基二硫代磷酸钨0.2份、N,N-二(2-乙基己基)二硫代氨基甲酸钼0.4份、抗氧剂0.4份、基础油84份。
所述的基础油由癸二酸二辛酯、癸二酸二异丙酯、9-十八烯酸-9-十八烯酯按质量比为1：1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。
所述的抗氧剂由50wt％硫代二乙撑双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]和50wt％三乙二醇醚-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯搅拌混合均匀得到。
重载专用柴油机油的制备方法：
将基础油总重量二分之一的基础油(即基础油重量的一半)加入调和釜中，升温至85℃，加入氢化苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯，300转/分，搅拌1h。加入剩余基础油总重量的二分之一的基础油，保持温度为60℃加入单烯基丁二酰亚胺、烷基苯磺酸钙，继续300转/分搅拌30min后，加入胺基二异丙基二硫代磷酸钨、N,N-二(2-乙基己基)二硫代氨基甲酸钼、抗氧剂和二甲基硅油，300转/分，搅拌30分钟，冷却至25℃。得到实施例1的重载专用柴油机油。
实施例2
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅仅在于：所述的基础油由癸二酸二异丙酯、9-十八烯酸-9-十八烯酯按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例2的重载专用柴油机油。
实施例3
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅仅在于：所述的基础油由癸二酸二辛酯、9-十八烯酸-9-十八烯酯按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例3的重载专用柴油机油。
实施例4
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅仅在于：所述的基础油由癸二酸二辛酯、癸二酸二异丙酯按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例4的重载专用柴油机油。
实施例5
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅仅在于：所述的抗氧剂仅为硫代二乙撑双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]。得到实施例5的重载专用柴油机油。
实施例6
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅仅在于：所述的抗氧剂仅为三乙二醇醚-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯。得到实施例6的重载专用柴油机油。
测试例1
对实施例1-6的重载专用柴油机油测试油品的抗氧化能力。利用曲轴箱试验对本发明重载专用柴油机油的抗氧化能力进行评价，由于油品使用过程中粘度因机械剪切等作用先变小，随着油品进一步使用，油品出现氧化，粘度开始增加，由于现代油品质量普遍的提高，抗氧性明显提高，根据SH/T 0300-1992曲轴箱模拟试验条件测试，油品粘度绝大部分为粘度下降，还未达到氧化期就停止了实验，因此，采用雅士油品应用研究所的强化曲轴箱试验方法进行评价。方法为：以50ML/min的速度向油箱中强制通入空气，板温340℃，油温150℃，连续溅油8h，试验结束后对板面评级、称重并测试试验油粘度。具体测试结果见表1。
表1：重载专用柴油机油抗氧化测试结果表
试验数据显示：在长时间高温状态下使用，粘度增长小，成焦量较少，板面清洁，也就是说在使用过程中保持优良的抗氧性能，使油品在较长时间能有效分散烟炱，保证机油性能。
比较实施例1与实施例2-4，实施例1(癸二酸二辛酯、癸二酸二异丙酯、9-十八烯酸-9-十八烯酯复配)抗氧性能明显优于实施例5-6(癸二酸二辛酯、癸二酸二异丙酯、9-十八烯酸-9-十八烯酯中任意二者复配)。比较实施例1与实施例5-6，实施例1(硫代二乙撑双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]和三乙二醇醚-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯复配)抗氧性能明显优于实施例5-6(硫代二乙撑双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]和三乙二醇醚-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯中单一原料)。
测试例2
对实施例1-6的重载专用柴油机油测试油品的抗剪切能力，由于矿区车辆行使环境多变，在山区和爬坡过程需要稳定的油压，因此机油抗剪切能力尤为重要，通过柴油喷嘴剪切安定性测试仪衡量机油的抗剪切能力。由于油品在实际使用过程中粘度变化除受剪切的影响还受热氧化的影响，为使测试结果更接近实际使用状况，对SH/T0103-2007方法的测试条件进行了调整：测试油温设定为85℃，循环剪切次数设定为90次。具体测试结果见表2。
表2：重载专用柴油机油抗剪切能力测试结果表
测试数据表明在更苛刻的工况条件下，剪切后粘度变化小，即使用过程中油压越稳定，更利于车辆在矿区盘山路和上坡路段使用。
比较实施例1与实施例2-4，实施例1(癸二酸二辛酯、癸二酸二异丙酯、9-十八烯酸-9-十八烯酯复配)抗剪切能力明显优于实施例5-6(癸二酸二辛酯、癸二酸二异丙酯、9-十八烯酸-9-十八烯酯中任意二者复配)。比较实施例1与实施例5-6，实施例1(硫代二乙撑双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]和三乙二醇醚-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯复配)抗剪切能力明显优于实施例5-6(硫代二乙撑双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]和三乙二醇醚-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯中单一原料)。

Claims (2)

1.一种重载专用柴油机油，其特征在于，由下述重量份的原料组成：单烯基丁二酰亚胺0.9-1.1份、烷基苯磺酸钙0.45-0.65份、氢化苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物9-13份、聚甲基丙烯酸酯0.2-0.4份、二甲基硅油0.002-0.005份、胺基二异丙基二硫代磷酸钨0.1-0.3份、N,N-二(2-乙基己基)二硫代氨基甲酸钼0.3-0.5份、抗氧剂0.3-0.7份、基础油80-90份；
所述的基础油由癸二酸二辛酯、癸二酸二异丙酯、9-十八烯酸-9-十八烯酯混合而成，所述癸二酸二辛酯、癸二酸二异丙酯、9-十八烯酸-9-十八烯酯的质量比为(1-3)：(1-3)：(1-3)；
所述的抗氧剂由40-60wt％硫代二乙撑双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]和40-60wt％三乙二醇醚-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的重载专用柴油机油的制备方法，其特征在于：将单烯基丁二酰亚胺、烷基苯磺酸钙、氢化苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、二甲基硅油、胺基二异丙基二硫代磷酸钨、N,N-二(2-乙基己基)二硫代氨基甲酸钼、抗氧剂、基础油加入调和釜中混合均匀，即得所述重载专用柴油机油。
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