CN105857892A - Double-valve vacuum pump with function of controlling openness and closeness of piston and container and method - Google Patents
Double-valve vacuum pump with function of controlling openness and closeness of piston and container and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105857892A CN105857892A CN201610329431.1A CN201610329431A CN105857892A CN 105857892 A CN105857892 A CN 105857892A CN 201610329431 A CN201610329431 A CN 201610329431A CN 105857892 A CN105857892 A CN 105857892A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- vacuum pump
- spring
- open
- piston
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/109—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle the dispensing stroke being affected by the stored energy of a spring
- B05B11/1092—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle the dispensing stroke being affected by the stored energy of a spring automatically released from a loaded state at the end of the loading stroke
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
- F04B37/02—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for evacuating by absorption or adsorption
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a double-valve vacuum pump with a function of controlling openness and closeness of a piston and a container and a method. The double-valve vacuum pump comprises an upper valve mechanism of the vacuum pump, a lower valve mechanism (7) of the vacuum pump, a reset spring (6) of the vacuum pump and a pump wall (10), wherein the upper valve mechanism of the vacuum pump, the lower valve mechanism (7) of the vacuum pump and the inner wall of the pump wall (10) jointly define a buffering cavity (15); and the reset spring (6) of the vacuum pump is positioned between the upper valve mechanism of the vacuum pump and the lower valve mechanism (7) of the vacuum pump. The double-valve vacuum pump provided by the invention is reasonable in structure and simple to assemble, can stably and effectively work, solves the problem of air impermeability and stability of the upper part of the pump type container, and guarantees the working stability of the vacuum pump in long-term storage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vacuum pump and pump-type container, in particular it relates to have the double valve vacuum of piston open and close controlling
Pump and container and method.
Background technology
Pump-type container uses vacuum pump, and it utilizes vacuum pump to produce the principle of draught head, realizes content in container
The flowing of (such as mastic or fluid).
In the prior art, the vacuum pump of tradition pump-type container uses the mode of vac sorb, by the content in container
Thing pumps out.But the main weak point of conventional vacuum pump and pump-type container is:
(1) overall structure is unreasonable, and assembly difficulty is big, and whole vacuum pump cannot be stablized and effectively works；
(2) vacuum pump and pump-type container design unreasonable structure in air-tightness, in container, content is from container
Air can be caused during being sucked to contact with content, after stopping suction, with the content of air contact
Thing may be back in container, deposits the content contact of toothpaste (or other guide thing) in a reservoir etc
It is oxidized easily after air, causes dehydration in long-term storage rotten or cause the shortened shelf life of content.
Summary of the invention
For defect of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of double valve with piston open and close controlling
Vacuum pump and container and method.
A kind of double valve vacuum pump with piston open and close controlling provided according to the present invention, including valve on vacuum pump
Mechanism, vacuum pump lower valve mechanism, vacuum pump back-moving spring, pump wall；
On vacuum pump, the internal face of valve mechanism, vacuum pump lower valve mechanism and pump wall defines formation caching jointly
Cavity, vacuum pump back-moving spring is on vacuum pump between valve mechanism and vacuum pump lower valve mechanism.
Preferably, vacuum pump lower valve mechanism is to allow the one-way cock within caching containment portion flows to, vacuum
Pump back-moving spring is metal spring.
Preferably, valve mechanism on described vacuum pump, including floating outlet, upper piston, upper piston open and close controlling
Spring, upper valve；
It is provided with spring in connecting the upper piston of floating outlet and accommodates chamber；The one end open connection that spring accommodates chamber is floating
The inner flow passage of dynamic outlet, spring accommodates the other end opening in chamber and is provided with valve；
Upper piston open and close controlling spring is arranged on spring and accommodates intracavity；One end of upper piston open and close controlling spring and upper work
Plug is relatively fixed；The other end of upper piston open and close controlling spring connects upper valve.
Preferably, one end of floating outlet extends into upper piston, and accommodates chamber formation shoulder block at spring；Upper piston
One end of open and close controlling spring is fastenedly connected shoulder block.
Preferably, upper piston open and close controlling spring is in compressive state all the time.
Preferably, upper valve is positioned at the inner side that spring accommodates the other end opening in chamber；Spring accommodates the other end in chamber and opens
Mouth is positioned on the end face of the other end that spring accommodates chamber.
Preferably, upper valve includes plug；When upper valve is in the closed position, plug closes spring and accommodates chamber
Other end opening；Upper piston open and close controlling spring is metal spring；Floating outlet extends into the part of upper piston
It is fastenedly connected with upper piston by buckle.
Preferably, at upper piston during vacuum pump lower valve mechanism is close, upper valve can first remain turned-off
Position, the pressure being then buffered in cavity backs down to open position.
A kind of double valve vacuum pump type container with piston open and close controlling provided according to the present invention, including container originally
Body, the above-mentioned double valve vacuum pump with piston open and close controlling；The upper end open of vessel is tightly connected described
There is the vacuum pump lower valve mechanism of the double valve vacuum pump of piston open and close controlling.
Use according to a kind of above-mentioned double valve vacuum pump type container with piston open and close controlling that the present invention provides
Method, including:
Lower pressure floating outlet, floating outlet drives upper piston to move down, wherein, between upper piston and pump wall
Sliding, upper valve is against closed position, upper piston and vacuum pump lower valve machine by upper piston open and close controlling spring
Gap between structure is gradually reduced；
When continuing to be pressed downward against floating outlet, the gap between upper piston and vacuum pump lower valve mechanism continues to subtract
Little, the pressure in caching cavity orders about valve to open position, thus connect caching chamber, spring accommodates chamber,
The inner flow passage of floating outlet.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has a following beneficial effect:
1, rational in infrastructure, assembling is simple, it is possible to stable effectively work；
2, using the double valve design of innovation, wherein, upper valve is controlled in cavity by upper piston open and close controlling spring
The mode of pressure realizes the opening and closing of passage, solves pump-type container (the most rigid dentifrice tube) upper part air-tightness
Stability problem, is conducive to making container contents moisture preferably keep, thus ensures that content long storage time is protected
The problem of matter；
3, the elastomer using metal spring to replace in tradition pump-type container strongly resets upper piston；Due to metal elastic
Spring high stability in elastic range, solves polymer elastomer because strand is lax and causes under elastic force
The problem of fall, thus ensure that the stability problem that vacuum pump works in long-term storage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By the detailed description non-limiting example made with reference to the following drawings of reading, the further feature of the present invention,
Purpose and advantage will become more apparent upon:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the double valve vacuum pump type container with piston open and close controlling.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the double valve vacuum pump with piston open and close controlling.
In figure:
1-upper cover
2-floating outlet
3-upper piston
4-upper piston open and close controlling spring
The upper valve of 5-
6-vacuum pump back-moving spring
7-vacuum pump lower valve mechanism
8-vessel
9-lower piston
10-pump wall
11-spring accommodates chamber
12-shoulder block
13-buckle
14-plug
15-caches cavity
16-receiving cavity
17-air discharge duct
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following example will assist in those skilled in the art
Member is further appreciated by the present invention, but limits the present invention the most in any form.It should be pointed out that, the common skill to this area
For art personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, it is also possible to make some changes and improvements.These broadly fall into
Protection scope of the present invention.
Valve mechanism on vacuum pump
Valve mechanism on vacuum pump, including floating outlet 2, upper piston 3, upper piston open and close controlling spring 4, upper valve
5；
It is provided with spring in connecting the upper piston 3 of floating outlet 2 and accommodates chamber 11；Spring accommodates the one end open in chamber 11
The inner flow passage of connection floating outlet 2, spring accommodates the other end opening in chamber 11 and is provided with valve 5；
Upper piston open and close controlling spring 4 is arranged on spring and accommodates in chamber 11；One end of upper piston open and close controlling spring 4 is with upper
Piston 3 is relatively fixed；The other end of upper piston open and close controlling spring 4 connects upper valve 5.Valve mechanism on vacuum pump
The sidewall of upper piston 3 is close to the sidewall of pump wall 10, i.e. upper piston and is matched with pump wall 10 and carry out piston movement.
Further, one end of floating outlet 2 extends into upper piston 3, and forms shoulder block 12 in spring receiving chamber 11；
One end of upper piston open and close controlling spring 4 is fastenedly connected shoulder block 12.
Further, upper piston open and close controlling spring 4 is in compressive state all the time.
Further, upper valve 5 is positioned at the inner side that spring accommodates the other end opening in chamber 11；Spring accommodates the another of chamber 11
One end open is positioned on the end face of the other end that spring accommodates chamber 11.
Further, upper valve 5 includes plug 14；When upper valve 5 is in the closed position, plug 14 closes bullet
Spring accommodates the other end opening in chamber 11；Upper piston open and close controlling spring 4 is metal spring；Floating outlet 2 extends into
The part of upper piston 3 is fastenedly connected with upper piston 3 by buckle 13.
There is the double valve vacuum pump of piston open and close controlling
There is the double valve vacuum pump of piston open and close controlling, including valve mechanism, vacuum pump lower valve on described vacuum pump
Mechanism 7, vacuum pump back-moving spring 6, pump wall 10；
The internal face of valve mechanism on vacuum pump, vacuum pump lower valve mechanism 7 and pump wall 10 defines formation caching jointly
Cavity 15, vacuum pump back-moving spring 6 is on vacuum pump between valve mechanism and vacuum pump lower valve mechanism 7.
Further, vacuum pump lower valve mechanism 7 be allow to be flowed to by caching cavity 15 is outside within one-way cock,
Vacuum pump back-moving spring 6 is metal spring.
Further, upper piston 3 to vacuum pump lower valve mechanism 7 near during, upper valve 5 can first keep
Closed position, the pressure being then buffered in cavity 15 backs down to open position.
There is the double valve vacuum pump type container of piston open and close controlling
There is the double valve vacuum pump type container of piston open and close controlling, including vessel 8, described in there is piston opening and closing
The double valve vacuum pump controlled；The upper end open of vessel 8 has the bivalve of piston open and close controlling described in being tightly connected
The vacuum pump lower valve mechanism 7 of door vacuum pump.
The using method of the described double valve vacuum pump type container with piston open and close controlling, including:
Lower pressure floating outlet 2, floating outlet 2 drives upper piston 3 to move down, wherein, upper piston 3 and pump wall
Sliding between 10, upper valve 5 is against closed position, upper piston 3 and vacuum pump by upper piston open and close controlling spring 4
Gap 14 between lower valve mechanism 7 is gradually reduced；
When continuing to be pressed downward against floating outlet 2, the gap 14 between upper piston 3 and vacuum pump lower valve mechanism 7
Continuing to reduce, the pressure in caching cavity 15 orders about valve 5 to open position, thus connects caching chamber 15, bullet
Spring accommodates chamber 11, the inner flow passage of floating outlet 2.
The lower chamber wall of receiving cavity 16 is provided with air discharge duct 17, and air discharge duct 17 is axially extending along receiving cavity 16,
Multiple air discharge ducts 17 are uniform in receiving cavity 16 circumference, with the perforate replaced in its prior art in lower piston 9；
The degree of depth of air discharge duct 17 is successively decreased along direction from lower to upper.
Lower piston 9 it is provided with in the cavity of vessel 8；Lower piston 9, the cavity inner wall of vessel 8 and vacuum pump
Lower valve mechanism 7 defines formation receiving cavity 16 jointly；Upper cover 1 is installed on vessel 8.
Operation principle
The operation principle of the double valve vacuum pump type container with piston open and close controlling is as follows:
Lower pressure floating outlet 2, floating outlet 2 drives upper piston 3 to move down, wherein, upper piston 3 and pump wall
Sliding between 10, upper valve 5 is against closed position, upper piston 3 and vacuum pump by upper piston open and close controlling spring 4
Gap 14 between lower valve mechanism 7 is gradually reduced, and caching chamber 15 causes internal pressure to increase because of compression；
When continuing to be pressed downward against floating outlet 2, the gap 14 between upper piston 3 and vacuum pump lower valve mechanism 7
Continuing to reduce, caching chamber 15 meets or exceeds upper piston open and close controlling spring to upper because compression causes internal pressure to increase
After the pressure value that valve 5 applies, the pressure in caching cavity 15 orders about valve 5 to open position, thus connects
Caching chamber 15, spring accommodate chamber 11, the inner flow passage of floating outlet 2, and caching content within chamber 15 is first
Accommodate chamber 11 by spring, the inner flow passage of floating outlet 2 flows out.
When user unclamps outlet floating pipe 2 when, vacuum pump back-moving spring 6 is replied upper piston 3 and outlet of floating
Pipe 2 upwards resets, simultaneously because the pressure that caching chamber 15 internal pressure produces less than upper piston open and close controlling spring 4,
Upper valve 7 will be resetted closedown by upper piston open and close controlling spring 4.Now, owing to buffer area expands, produce evacuation effect
Really, so that lower valve 7 opens up, the content in receiving cavity 16 is extracted to caching chamber 15, and drives
Lower piston 9 moves upward.
Above the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited in
Stating particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make a variety of changes within the scope of the claims or revise,
This has no effect on the flesh and blood of the present invention.In the case of not conflicting, in embodiments herein and embodiment
Feature can arbitrarily be mutually combined.
Claims (10)
1. a double valve vacuum pump with piston open and close controlling, it is characterised in that include valve mechanism on vacuum pump,
Vacuum pump lower valve mechanism (7), vacuum pump back-moving spring (6), pump wall (10)；
On vacuum pump, the internal face of valve mechanism, vacuum pump lower valve mechanism (7) and pump wall (10) defines shape jointly
Becoming caching cavity (15), vacuum pump back-moving spring (6) is positioned at valve mechanism and vacuum pump lower valve mechanism (7) on vacuum pump
Between.
The double valve vacuum pump with piston open and close controlling the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that vacuum
Pump lower valve mechanism (7) is to allow the one-way cock by within the outside flow direction of caching cavity (15), vacuum pump reset bullet
Spring (6) is metal spring.
The double valve vacuum pump with piston open and close controlling the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Valve mechanism on vacuum pump, including floating outlet (2), upper piston (3), upper piston open and close controlling spring (4), on
Valve (5)；
It is provided with spring in connecting the upper piston (3) of floating outlet (2) and accommodates chamber (11)；Spring accommodates chamber (11)
One end open connection floating outlet (2) inner flow passage, spring accommodate chamber (11) other end opening be provided with
Upper valve (5)；
Upper piston open and close controlling spring (4) is arranged on spring and accommodates in chamber (11)；Upper piston open and close controlling spring (4)
One end be relatively fixed with upper piston (3)；The other end of upper piston open and close controlling spring (4) connects upper valve (5).
The double valve vacuum pump with piston open and close controlling the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that float
One end of outlet (2) extends into upper piston (3), and accommodates chamber (11) formation shoulder block (12) at spring；Upper piston
One end of open and close controlling spring (4) is fastenedly connected shoulder block (12).
The double valve vacuum pump with piston open and close controlling the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that upper alive
Plug open and close controlling spring (4) is in compressive state all the time.
The double valve vacuum pump with piston open and close controlling the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that upper valve
Door (5) is positioned at the inner side that spring accommodates the other end opening in chamber (11)；Spring accommodates the other end opening in chamber (11)
It is positioned on the end face of the other end that spring accommodates chamber (11).
The double valve vacuum pump with piston open and close controlling the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that upper valve
Door (5) includes plug (14)；When upper valve (5) is in the closed position, plug (14) closes spring and accommodates
The other end opening in chamber (11)；Upper piston open and close controlling spring (4) is metal spring；Floating outlet (2) extends
The part entering upper piston (3) is fastenedly connected with upper piston (3) by buckle (13).
The double valve vacuum pump with piston open and close controlling the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that upper
Piston (3) is during vacuum pump lower valve mechanism (7) is close, and upper valve (5) can first maintain the closed position,
Then the pressure being buffered in cavity (15) backs down to open position.
9. a double valve vacuum pump type container with piston open and close controlling, it is characterised in that include vessel (8),
The double valve vacuum pump with piston open and close controlling according to any one of claim 1 to 8；Vessel (8)
Upper end open has vacuum pump lower valve mechanism (7) of double valve vacuum pump of piston open and close controlling described in being tightly connected.
10. a using method for the double valve vacuum pump type container with piston open and close controlling described in claim 9,
It is characterized in that, including:
Lower pressure floating outlet (2), floating outlet (2) drives upper piston (3) to move down, wherein, upper piston
(3) and sliding between pump wall (10), upper valve (5) is against closedown by upper piston open and close controlling spring (4)
Position, the gap (14) between upper piston (3) and vacuum pump lower valve mechanism (7) is gradually reduced；
When continuing to be pressed downward against floating outlet (2), between upper piston (3) and vacuum pump lower valve mechanism (7)
Gap (14) continues to reduce, and the pressure in caching cavity (15) orders about valve (5) to open position, thus even
Logical caching chamber (15), spring accommodate chamber (11), the inner flow passage of floating outlet (2).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610329431.1A CN105857892B (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2016-05-17 | Double valve vacuum pump and container and method with piston open and close control |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610329431.1A CN105857892B (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2016-05-17 | Double valve vacuum pump and container and method with piston open and close control |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105857892A true CN105857892A (en) | 2016-08-17 |
| CN105857892B CN105857892B (en) | 2018-07-10 |
Family
ID=56635123
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610329431.1A Active CN105857892B (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2016-05-17 | Double valve vacuum pump and container and method with piston open and close control |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105857892B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112096597A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-18 | 中国科学技术大学 | Cryogenic pump with double-valve structure |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11100055A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-04-13 | Yoshino Kogyosho Co Ltd | Pumping pouring container |
| EP1013345B1 (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2007-02-14 | Calmar Inc. | Trigger actuated pump sprayer |
| JP2007054823A (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-03-08 | Yoshino Kogyosho Co Ltd | Foamed content liquid ejecting container |
| CN201235986Y (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2009-05-13 | 冯子俊 | Pump structure of plaster-liquid packaging bottle |
| CN205738705U (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-11-30 | 上海创育实业有限公司 | There is double valve vacuum pump and the container of piston open and close controlling |
-
2016
- 2016-05-17 CN CN201610329431.1A patent/CN105857892B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11100055A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-04-13 | Yoshino Kogyosho Co Ltd | Pumping pouring container |
| EP1013345B1 (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2007-02-14 | Calmar Inc. | Trigger actuated pump sprayer |
| JP2007054823A (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-03-08 | Yoshino Kogyosho Co Ltd | Foamed content liquid ejecting container |
| CN201235986Y (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2009-05-13 | 冯子俊 | Pump structure of plaster-liquid packaging bottle |
| CN205738705U (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-11-30 | 上海创育实业有限公司 | There is double valve vacuum pump and the container of piston open and close controlling |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112096597A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-18 | 中国科学技术大学 | Cryogenic pump with double-valve structure |
| CN112096597B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-10-01 | 中国科学技术大学 | Cryogenic pump with double-valve structure |
| WO2022057177A1 (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-24 | 中国科学技术大学 | Dual valve-structured low-temperature pump |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105857892B (en) | 2018-07-10 |
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Effective date of registration: 20230607 Address after: 200240 building 41, 398 Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai Patentee after: Shanghai Changyu Plastic Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 200240 Room 5026, 5/F, Building 5, No. 951, Jianchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai Patentee before: SHANGHAI CHUANGYU INDUSTRIAL Co.,Ltd. |