CN105856531A - 再生塑料改性专用节能挤出螺杆 - Google Patents
再生塑料改性专用节能挤出螺杆 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种再生塑料改性专用节能挤出螺杆，包括一螺杆本体，所述螺杆本体内沿轴线方向设有轴孔，所述螺杆本体依次分为加料段、熔融段、改性段和挤出段，在所述改性段内安装有PTC热敏电阻，所述PTC热敏电阻通过导线穿过轴孔连接外部直流或交流电源，通过PTC热敏电阻对改性段进行加热，使改性段的螺杆表面散发热量，对经过该段的熔融状态的塑料再次进行加温，对其进行挤出改性，以便提高塑料的理化性能，使挤出的塑料具有更好的韧性和耐高低温性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及塑料加工机械技术领域，具体涉及一种再生塑料改性专用节能挤出螺杆。
背景技术
自1930年现代塑料工业形成以来，经过80多年的飞速发展，塑料工业已经成为轻工业的中流砥柱。在塑料产品的广泛应用的同时，也产生了巨大的塑料污染，对全球的生态环境造成了极大的破坏。对废塑料垃圾的处理方法主要是填埋处理和焚烧处理，然而填埋处理由于其占用空间较大，增加了土地资源压力，同时由于废塑难于降解，严重的妨碍了水的渗透和地下水流通，其次废塑中的添加剂还会对土地造成二次污染。焚烧处理由于燃烧产生的CO、多环芳香烃化合物以及重金属会随着烟尘和焚烧残渣一起排放而对环境造成很大的污染。随着科学技术的进步，开始出现利用塑料再生机械对废旧塑料进行再生改性，才真正意识上实现了资源循环。
目前，国内的废塑再生改性机械技术与国外发达国家的相关技术相比而言较为落后，而由于国内每年废塑产生量的逐渐增加，不断加重了我国的生态系统的降解负担，大幅提高国内的废塑再生改性机械技术已经是不得不面对的问题。国内现有市场，废旧塑料的再生改性造粒机械较多，但大部分存在着再生阶段对废旧塑料改性时球磨的细度不够，再生改性料理化性能差，设备易损坏、性能不稳定等缺陷。在废塑改性设备的料筒与螺杆间隙方面，国内现有的同类产品的间隙一般处理80丝左右，同时由于螺杆表面处理技术不过关，螺杆容易发生膨胀现象，螺杆螺纹与料筒内壁发生接触摩擦，最终导致设备无法正常运行。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种能耗低，出丝质量高的再生塑料改性专用节能挤出螺杆。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现：
一种再生塑料改性专用节能挤出螺杆，包括一螺杆本体，所述螺杆本体依次分为加料段、熔融段、改性段和挤出段,所述熔融段外部设有电磁加热线圈，采用电磁加热的方式对物料进行加热，可以提高加热效率，降低能耗，在所述改性段内安装有PTC热敏电阻，所述螺杆本体内沿轴线方向设有轴孔，轴孔内安装有轴承，PTC热敏电阻通过支架安装在轴承内，使得PTC热敏电阻不会跟随螺杆转动，所述PTC热敏电阻通过导线穿过轴孔连接外部直流或交流电源，通过PTC热敏电阻对改性段进行加热，使改性段的螺杆表面散发热量，对经过该段的熔融状态的塑料再次进行加温，对其进行挤出改性，以便提高塑料的理化性能，使挤出的塑料具有更好的韧性和耐高低温性能；
以前都是采取外部加热(螺筒外加热)，热能大量散发，利用率低，能源浪费，这是直接对内部螺杆加热，提高热能有效利用率，实现节能。
所述螺杆本体是由高性能导热绝缘合金材料制成，导热效果好，对物料加热均匀；该高性能导热绝缘合金材料是由以下重量的组分制成：不锈钢粉100kg、碳化钛0.5kg、煅烧高岭土0.4kg、硅钨酸1.2kg、纳米陶瓷粉5kg、碳化钨0.6kg、碳化硅3kg、钨酸盐0.8kg、氧化锆0.5kg、镁铝合金4kg、煅烧钙铬榴石0.4kg、石墨烯微片0.01kg；该螺杆工作温度可达500℃，性能稳定，热传导均匀，具有耐磨损、耐腐蚀等优势，挤出效率高。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种采用上述螺杆的挤出机，主要包括料筒，在料筒内安装上述螺杆，料筒前端安装有超声波探头，在料筒中间部位安装有温度传感探头，所述超声波探头和温度传感探头分别与监控系统连接，其中温度传感探头用于探测料筒内的温度状况，超声波探头向料筒内的物料发出声波，监控系统根据监测其回声的延迟时间、强弱，再通过电子电路和计算机的处理，形成超声图像，根据超声图像来判断物料的理化性能，和设定数据对比来确定是否需要加温或添加助剂，或者增加或减少进料量，从而确保挤出的再生塑料保持高质量。
所述料筒内壁喷涂有隔热层，使得热量在挤出料筒内集聚，不会被传导至挤出料筒表面，提高挤出料筒的保温效果，减少热量损失，达到节约能效的目的。
所述隔热层采用静电喷涂工艺将隔热材料喷涂在挤出料筒内壁上，所述隔热材料是由以下重量的组分制成：煅烧粘土10kg、碳化钛0.2kg、碳化钨0.2kg、陶瓷粉1.5kg、二硼化钛0.3kg、硒粉0.5kg、白炭黑3kg、硫化铁1.2kg、重稀土0.3kg、石墨1.5kg、镍粉0.5kg、氧化硼0.5kg、煅烧硅灰石2.5kg。该隔热材料喷涂后性能稳定，耐磨性好，具有较好的隔热作用。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明通过对螺杆进行特殊设计，从而使螺杆拥有耐磨、耐腐蚀、耐高温等优势性能，进一步使螺杆的使用寿命增加10倍以上，同时采用PTC热敏电阻加热，效率高，能耗低，易于自动控制，有效提高废旧塑料改性质量，增加出丝效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为本发明螺杆剖视图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体图示，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
如图1、图2所示，一种再生塑料改性专用节能挤出螺杆，包括一螺杆本体，所述螺杆本体内沿轴线方向设有轴孔，所述螺杆本体依次分为加料段1、熔融段4、改性段2和挤出段3，在所述改性段2内安装有PTC热敏电阻7，所述PTC热敏电阻7通过导线穿过轴孔连接外部直流或交流电源，通过PTC热敏电阻7对改性段进行加热，使改性段2的螺杆表面散发热量，对经过该段的熔融状态的塑料再次进行加温，对其进行挤出改性，以便提高塑料的理化性能，使挤出的塑料具有更好的韧性和耐高低温性能；在轴孔内安装一耐高温轴承5，在轴承5内安装一支架6，PTC热敏电阻7固定在支架6上，实现不随螺杆旋转。
所述螺杆本体是由高性能导热绝缘合金材料制成，导热效果好，对物料加热均匀；该高性能导热绝缘合金材料是由以下重量的组分制成：不锈钢粉100kg、碳化钛0.5kg、煅烧高岭土0.4kg、硅钨酸1.2kg、纳米陶瓷粉5kg、碳化钨0.6kg、碳化硅3kg、钨酸盐0.8kg、氧化锆0.5kg、镁铝合金4kg、煅烧钙铬榴石0.4kg、石墨烯微片0.01kg；该螺杆工作温度可达500℃，性能稳定，热传导均匀，具有耐磨损、耐腐蚀等优势，挤出效率高。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (4)
1.一种再生塑料改性专用节能挤出螺杆，包括一螺杆本体，所述螺杆本体内沿轴线方向设有轴孔，其特征在于，所述螺杆本体依次分为加料段、熔融段、改性段和挤出段，在所述改性段内安装有PTC热敏电阻，所述PTC热敏电阻通过导线穿过轴孔连接外部直流或交流电源。
2.根据权利要求1所述的再生塑料改性专用节能挤出螺杆，其特征在于，在轴孔内安装一耐高温轴承，在轴承内安装一支架，PTC热敏电阻固定在支架上，实现不随螺杆旋转。
3.根据权利要求1所述的再生塑料改性专用节能挤出螺杆，其特征在于，所述螺杆本体是由高性能导热绝缘合金材料制成，该高性能导热绝缘合金材料是由以下重量的组分制成：不锈钢粉100kg、碳化钛0.5kg、煅烧高岭土0.4kg、硅钨酸1.2kg、纳米陶瓷粉5kg、碳化钨0.6kg、碳化硅3kg、钨酸盐0.8kg、氧化锆0.5kg、镁铝合金4kg、煅烧钙铬榴石0.4kg、石墨烯微片0.01kg。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一项所述的螺杆在塑料挤出机上的应用。
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