CN105854883B - 一种Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂及应用 - Google Patents
一种Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethylfurfural Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910016507 CuCo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000508 aqueous-phase reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005575 aldol reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYTYSMSQNNBZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt copper Chemical compound [Co].[Cu] RYTYSMSQNNBZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Natural products OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 19
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 11
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 7
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910026161 MgAl2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910020057 NbOPO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium nitrate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002153 concerted effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910009112 xH2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002520 CoCu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010523 cascade reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrocarbon oxygen compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013335 mesoporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003863 metallic catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/75—Cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/399—Distribution of the active metal ingredient homogeneously throughout the support particle
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
一种Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂及应用,属于生物质重整催化领域。采用氢气置换反应釜内空气并调节压力,加入底物5‑羟甲基糠醛的质量分数为1~10wt%,采用Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂,催化剂加入量与加入的5‑羟甲基糠醛质量比为0.5:1~3:1,反应温度为30~280℃,反应压力为0.5~4MPa,反应时间为1~72h,反应溶剂为水或乙醇或环己烷的至少一种;含CuCo催化剂为由均分散的金属活性中心纳米颗粒和水滑石煅烧所得的氧化物组成,金属活性中心为Co或CuCo中的至少一种,非金属酸碱活性中心为复合金属氧化物。本发明催化剂便宜高效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物质重整催化技术领域,特别是提供了一种高效多功能催化5-羟甲基糠醛经碳链增长液相重整为C9碳氢化合物的催化剂。
背景技术
人类日益增长的化石资源需求伴随着不可再生资源的储量减少,要维持现代文明必须找到替代能源继续提供能量和化学品。生物质作为可再生能源是唯一的可持续发展能源和有机碳来源。利用简单的化学方法,生物质能转化为平台化学品5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF),可以作为一个重要的平台中间体制取生物燃料。而5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)仅仅含有6个C,因此需要增长碳链才能满足燃料需求。
5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)转化为C9碳氢化合物的催化剂按其反应步骤分为三类:碳增长羟醛缩合反应催化剂液体碱和复合金属氧化物催化剂;加氢催化剂由活性金属组分(Ni,Pd,)负载在酸性载体上的催化剂;加氢脱氧催化剂由活性金属组分(Pt,Pd,)负载在强酸性载体上的催化剂。目前,研究还存在很多问题,如反应选择性不高,反应条件苛刻,反应过程复杂。生物质催化转化制备液态烷烃通常经过多步骤,在高温、高压下进行,既会导致C-C键的断裂,产生低值的甲烷和CO2,使液态烷烃的收率降低,又会导致催化剂的失活。
目前文献中报道了分步骤催化5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)转化为C9碳氢化合物的催化剂。第一步,是5-羟甲基糠醛经羟醛缩合反应碳链增长生成C9碳氢氧化合物(HMFA),文献中报道催化剂分为三类,液体碱、液体酸催化剂和复合金属氧化物、以及在介孔材料表面接枝酸性和碱性基团的催化剂。其中,液体碱NaOH、KOH应用较为广泛,但是存在腐蚀设备和不易分离的弊端。对于羟醛缩合反应是酸性催化剂和碱性催化剂均可以催化的反应,而且在介孔表面接枝酸性和碱性两类集团和催化剂可以发生酸碱协同催化反应,促进了反应进行。第二步,是C9碳氢氧化合物(HMFA)发生加氢脱氧反应。文献中报道的催化剂分为两类,液体酸提供的酸性活性中心的金属催化剂和活性金属负载在酸性载体催化剂,两类催化剂均为酸性活性中心和金属活性中心相协同发生加氢脱氧反应(HDO)。文献中4wt%Pt/SiO2-Al2O3(Science,2005,308,1446-1450)催化剂在高温高压5.2-6MPa,250-260℃,反应条件下,液态烷烃收率73%。但是,伴随着大量C-C键的断裂。文献中Pd/NbOPO4(Angew.Chem.,2014,126,9913–9918)催化剂中,金属活性中心可以为Pd、Ni、Pt等,NbOx起到了决定性的作用,其既作为酸中心发挥脱水的作用,同时作为强的亲氧物种,具有断C-O键的作用,液态烷烃收率90%。
发明内容
本发明的目的一种高效的非贵金属及复合金属氧化物多功能催化剂,可以温和串联高效催化5-羟甲基糠醛液相重整为C9碳氢化合物的催化剂。
一种Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂,由均分散的金属活性中心纳米颗粒和水滑石煅烧所得的氧化物组成,金属活性中心为Co或CuCo中的一种,非金属酸碱活性中心为复合金属氧化物。Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂的结构式为M-MgO-MgAl2-xYxO4,M-ZnO-ZnAl2-xYxO4其中M为金属活性中心,如Co或CuCo等,Y为四价金属阳离子Zr或Ce等,X为0~1。
催化剂金属活性中心的含量为10~50wt%,活性金属中心粒径范围4~20nm。
所选用的水滑石层板二价阳离子钴或钴铜、镁或锌,三价阳离子铝及四价阳离子锆或铈,其中二价阳离子与三价阳离子的摩尔比为M2+/M3+=2~4,Co2+或/和Cu2+与Zn2+、Mg2+摩尔比为(1~15):1。利用水滑石层板金属阳离子比例和组成可调,控制了催化剂的金属活性中心元素。
Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂可用于HMF制备HMFA,也可用于HMFA加氢还原制备C9碳氢化合物,更进一步能串联高效催化5-羟甲基糠醛液相重整为C9碳氢化合物。
本发明采用上述催化剂串联将5-羟甲基糠醛经碳链增长液相重整为C9碳氢化合物的方法:反应釜内,加入底物5-羟甲基糠醛的质量分数为1~10wt%和丙酮(过量),采用Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂,催化剂加入量与加入的5-羟甲基糠醛质量比为0.5:1~3:1,先在低温30~100℃进行羟醛缩合反应,然后用H2置换体系内的空气,并在高温200-240℃进行加氢脱氧反应,反应压力为0.5~4MPa,反应溶剂为水或乙醇或环己烷的至少一种。
Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂的制备:以双金属复合氢氧化物又称为水滑石(Layered Double Hydroxides,简写为LDHs)为前体制得,水滑石层板二价阳离子选择Zn2+或Mg2+,三价阳离子选择Al3+,四价阳离子选择Ce4+或Zr4+,进入层板间的金属活性中心离子为Co2+或Co2+和Cu2+;将水滑石前体在H2气氛中还原,还原温度控制在400℃~850℃,还原时间控制在30min~4h,即可得到Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂。
本发明具有如下优点:
1.本发明催化剂由均分散的金属纳米颗粒钴或铜钴合金,载体复合金属氧化物成。该催化剂由水滑石前体还原制的,所选用的水滑石层板二价阳离子钴或钴铜、镁或锌,三价阳离子铝及四价阳离子锆或铈,其摩尔比为M2+/M3+=2~4,Co2+、Cu2+与Zn2+、Mg2+摩尔比为1~15。利用水滑石层板金属阳离子比例和组成可调,控制了催化剂的金属活性中心元素。利用水滑石层板均分散,原位还原制备了均分散的Co、CoCu基催化剂。实现催化剂均分散。利用水滑石层板金属离子比例和组成可调控性的特点,制备负载量和组成可调的均分散负载型金属催化剂。酸碱协同催化5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)和丙酮缩合为HMFA,反应在30℃、6h时可将5-羟甲基糠醛完全转化,产率达到99.9%。催化HMFA液相重整为C9碳氢化合物,反应在240℃、1.5MPa左右48h时可将HMFA完全转化,液态烷烃收率为95%。达到了贵金属Pd/NbOPO4的催化效果(液态烷烃收率为90%)一锅法串联反应可实现5-羟甲基糠醛经碳链增长液相重整为C9碳氢化合物,底物5-羟甲基糠醛完全转化,液态烷烃收率为61%。完成了文献中未曾报道过的一锅法连续反应。而且,在产物C9碳氢化合物中有着以往文献未曾报道的异构烷烃存在,极大的提高了液态燃料的辛烷值。
2.反应条件温和,能耗低。反应在30℃、6h时可将5-羟甲基糠醛完全转化,反应在240℃、1.5MPa左右48h时可将HMFA完全转化。
3.完成了文献中未曾报道过的一锅法连续反应。
4.催化反应操作简便,密封反应釜中即可发生。
附图说明
图1本发明对比例1和实施例2中合成的(a)共沉淀法合成MgAlZr-LDH(Mg:Al:Zr=5:1:1);(b)MgAl2-xZrxO4(X为0~1)XRD谱图。其中横坐标为2θ,单位:度;纵坐标为强度。
图2本发明实施例3中合成的(a)共沉淀法合成CuCoMgAl-LDH(Cu:Co:Mg:Al=1:1:1:1);(b)CuCo-MgO-MgAl2O4XRD谱图。其中横坐标为2θ,单位:度;纵坐标为强度。
图3本发明实施例4中合成的(a)共沉淀法合成CuCoMgAlZr-LDH(Cu:Co:Mg:Al:Zr=1:4:2:2:1);(b)CuCo4-MgO-MgAl2-xZrxO4XRD谱图。其中横坐标为2θ,单位:度;纵坐标为强度。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
对比例1
步骤A:量取250mL的去离子水至四口烧瓶,准确称取并分别加入Mg(NO3)2·6H2O,Al(NO3)3·9H2O,ZrO(NO3)2·xH2O,Na2CO3,NaOH,其相应的浓度为0.5mmol·L-1,0.1mmol·L-1,0.1mmol·L-1,0.1mmol·L-1和0.2mmol·L-1,搅拌共沉淀于三口烧瓶内,采用磁力搅拌6h。反应结束后用去离子水抽滤洗涤5遍,无水乙醇抽滤洗涤1遍,放入烘箱过夜干燥。得到MgAlZr-LDH(Mg:Al:Zr=5:1:1)。
步骤B:MgAlZr-LDH(Mg:Al:Zr=5:1:1)前体在马弗炉中425℃温度下焙烧5h,即得催化剂MgAl2-xZrxO4。
高压釜加入5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)0.2520g,丙酮1.850g,0.05g催化剂,去离子水15mL,安装高压釜。高压釜加热到预设温度。30℃,开始计时,反应6h,5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)完全转化,反应结束后,反应釜冷却后,反应釜内的液体抽滤分离,对产物进行GC定量分析。测得HMFA产率99.9%。
实施例2
步骤A:量取250mL的去离子水至四口烧瓶,准确称取并分别加入Cu(NO3)2·6H2O,Co(NO3)2·6H2O,Mg(NO3)2·6H2O,Al(NO3)3·9H2O,Na2CO3,NaOH,其相应的浓度为0.2mmol·L-1,0.2mmol·L-1,0.2mmol·L-1,0.2mmol·L-1,0.1mmol·L-1和0.20mmol·L-1,搅拌共沉淀于三口烧瓶中,采用磁力搅拌12h。反应结束后用去离子水抽滤洗涤5遍,无水乙醇抽滤洗涤1遍,放入烘箱过夜干燥。得到CuCoMgAl-LDH(Cu:Co:Mg:Al=1:1:1:1)。
步骤B:CuCoMgAl-LDH(Cu:Co:Mg:Al=1:1:1:1)前体在H2气氛中800℃温度下还原0.5h,即得催化剂CuCo-MgO-MgAl2O4。
高压釜加入5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)0.2520g,丙酮1.850g,0.05g催化剂,去离子水15mL,安装高压釜。高压釜加热到预设温度。30℃,开始计时,反应24h,5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)转化率20%,反应结束后,反应釜冷却后,反应釜内的液体抽滤分离,对产物进行GC定量分析。测得HMFA产率20%。
实施例3
步骤A:量取250mL的去离子水至四口烧瓶,准确称取并分别加入Cu(NO3)2·6H2O,Co(NO3)2·6H2O,Mg(NO3)2·6H2O,Al(NO3)3·9H2O,Na2CO3,NaOH,其相应的浓度为0.2mmol·L-1,0.2mmol·L-1,0.2mmol·L-1,0.2mmol·L-1,0.1mmol·L-1和0.20mmol·L-1,搅拌共沉淀于三口烧瓶中,采用磁力搅拌12h。反应结束后用去离子水抽滤洗涤5遍,无水乙醇抽滤洗涤1遍,放入烘箱过夜干燥。得到CuCoMgAl-LDH(Cu:Co:Mg:Al=1:1:1:1)。
步骤B:CuCoMgAl-LDH(Cu:Co:Mg:Al=1:1:1:1)前体在H2气氛中800℃温度下还原5h,即得催化剂CuCo-MgO-MgAl2O4。
高压釜内衬加入HMFA 0.332g,0.1g催化剂,乙醇或环己烷15mL,安装高压釜,从进气口充入H2,置换高压釜内的空气4次,而后充入1.5MPa的H2,密封高压釜。高压釜加热到预设温度。240℃,开始计时,反应48h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却后,排除釜内的气体,反应釜内的液体抽滤分离,对产物进行GC定量分析。测得液态烷烃收率为95%。
实施例4
步骤A:量取250mL的去离子水至四口烧瓶,准确称取并分别加入Cu(NO3)2·6H2O,Co(NO3)2·6H2O,Mg(NO3)2·6H2O,Al(NO3)3·9H2O,ZrO(NO3)2·xH2O,Na2CO3,NaOH,其相应的浓度为0.1mmol·L-1,0.4mmol·L-1,0.2mmol·L-1,0.2mmol·L-1,0.1mmol·L-1,0.1mmol·L-1和0.20mmol·L-1,搅拌共沉淀于三口烧瓶中,采用磁力搅拌12h。反应结束后用去离子水抽滤洗涤5遍,无水乙醇抽滤洗涤1遍,放入烘箱过夜干燥。得到CuCoMgAlZr-LDH(Cu:Co:Mg:Al:Zr=1:4:2:2:1)。
步骤B:CuCoMgAlZr-LDH(Cu:Co:Mg:Al:Zr=1:4:2:2:1)前体在H2气氛中850℃温度下还原5h,即得催化剂CuCo4-MgO-MgAl2-xZrxO4。
高压釜加入5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)0.2520g,丙酮1.850g,0.05g催化剂,乙醇5mL,环己烷5mL,安装高压釜。高压釜加热到预设温度。70℃,开始计时,反应48h后,冷却至室温,从进气口充入H2,置换高压釜内的空气4次,而后充入1.5MPa的H2,密封高压釜。高压釜加热到预设温度。240℃,开始计时,反应48h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却后,排除釜内的气体,反应釜内的液体抽滤分离,对产物进行GC定量分析。测得液态烷烃收率为61%。
Claims (5)
1.一种Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂的应用,Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂由均分散的金属活性中心纳米颗粒和水滑石煅烧所得的氧化物组成,金属活性中心为Co或CuCo中的一种,非金属酸碱活性中心为复合金属氧化物,Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂的结构式为M-MgO-MgAl2-xYxO4,M-ZnO-ZnAl2-xYxO4其中M为金属活性中心,为Co或CuCo,Y为四价金属阳离子Zr或Ce,X为0~1,其中不包括0;其特征在于,Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂用于串联催化5-羟甲基糠醛液相重整为C9碳氢化合物。
2.按照权利要求1所述的Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂的应用,其特征在于,串联催化5-羟甲基糠醛液相重整为C9碳氢化合物的方法:加入底物5-羟甲基糠醛的质量分数为1~10wt%和过量丙酮,采用Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂,催化剂加入量与加入的5-羟甲基糠醛质量比为0.5:1~3:1,先在低温30~100℃进行羟醛缩合反应,然后用H2置换体系内的空气,并在高温200-240℃进行加氢脱氧反应,反应压力为0.5~4MPa,反应溶剂为水或乙醇或环己烷的至少一种。
3.按照权利要求1所述的Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂的应用,其特征在于,催化剂金属活性中心的含量为10~50wt%。
4.按照权利要求1所述的Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂的应用,其特征在于,金属活性中心粒径范围4~20nm。
5.按照权利要求1所述的Co基复合金属氧化物催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所选用的水滑石层板二价阳离子钴或钴铜、镁或锌,三价阳离子铝及四价阳离子锆或铈,其中二价阳离子与三价阳离子的摩尔比为M2+/M3+=2~4,Co2+或Co2+和Cu2+与Zn2+、Mg2+摩尔比为(1~15):1。
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