CN105854820A - 一种用于船舶生活污水处理的浒苔的制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种用于船舶生活污水处理的浒苔的制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于船舶生活污水处理的浒苔的制备工艺,包括如下步骤:(1)浒苔预处理,(2)防腐处理,(3)质子化处理,(4)交联处理,(5)浒苔表面拒水亲油处理,(6)干燥处理,本发明以浒苔为原料,在海上边捕捞边处理,治理浒苔的同时实现了废物资源化利用,而且浒苔产量极大,易得,成本低廉,经过本发明的工艺处理后的浒苔具有更好的过滤效果和吸附性能,吸附容量大,应用于污水处理系统中,可有效除去船舶生活污水中的有机油污及无机物,净化水质,并且防腐性能大大提高,可定期更换,不会因浒苔的腐败造成二次污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于船舶生活污水处理技术领域,特别涉及一种用于船舶生活污水处理的浒苔的制备工艺。
背景技术
航运业因为成本低廉,承担了主要外贸运输量,在创造经济价值的同时,也给环境带来巨大的压力。随着船舶数量的增加,船舶生活污水对海洋和内河、湖波等水域的污染已经不容忽视。船舶生活污水来源主要是厨房灰水和洗涤废水,我国在生活习惯和饮食结构方面的特点决定了厨房灰水油脂量多,粘度高,残渣多,含有多种有机物和无机盐分,有机负荷高决定其处理难度大;洗涤废水含有表面活性剂、三聚磷酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、油污、尘土颗粒等,COD为300~800mg/L,pH为6.5~7.5,悬浮物含量较高,一般在500~1200mg/L,磷酸盐进入水体会引起水体的富营养化,进而导致水中溶解氧含量不够,水中的鱼类等需氧生物窒息而死,表面活性剂进入水体后,会使水生动、植物中毒致死。船舶生活污水的污染负荷高,如果长期未经处理直接排入水域中,将会对水环境尤其是自净能力差的封闭水域产生严重影响,可能导致整片水域的生态环境被完全破坏。
浒苔是一种绿藻纲植物,藻体鲜绿色,由单层细胞组成,围成管状或粘连为带状,显微镜下,浒苔的藻体内常有许多气囊,浒苔广泛分布在世界范围的海洋中,有的分布在半咸水或江河中,由于全球气候变化、水体富营养化等原因,会造成海洋大型海藻浒苔“绿潮”暴发,需要对其进行打捞清除。自2008年以来,每年5-8月份在黄海海域周期性暴发与消亡,给沿海地区造成不同的环境影响和经济损失。
大量繁殖的浒苔不仅会堵塞鱼类等的呼吸生物,致其死亡,而且会遮蔽射入水体的阳光,使固着在水底的其他藻类因缺少阳光而死去;死亡的浒苔腐烂分解,也会消耗海水中的氧气;浒苔爆发还会严重影响景观、水上运动,浒苔大规模来袭,沿海旅游也会受到影响。绿潮还会带来一系列的次生环境危害,如藻体腐败散发难闻气味,污染空气;藻类堆积可能为有害昆虫提供繁殖条件,引起害虫暴发;藻类沉积在海底,会引起缺氧和底质腐败,改变沉积物的理化性质,导致水生生物缺氧死亡,对底栖生态系统产生重要影响等。浒苔来袭时,量十分之大,可高达上万吨。
现在已有的浒苔的防治措施主要是机械捕捞,打捞上来的海藻能够被利用的只是很少的一部分,目前主要适用于加工成饲料,绝大部分还是被填埋。将费尽千辛万苦捕捞出的浒苔堆积填埋,既浪费了自然资源,又破坏了环境。已有研究表明,活体浒苔具有很好的吸附性能,死细胞具有与活细胞相似甚至更高的吸附容量,而且不受水中有毒物的限制、不要求提供营养物,如果将浒苔加以处理,使其具有更高的吸附污染物的性能、应用于船舶生活污水处理具有很深的研究意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明所要解决的技术问题是,提供一种成本低廉、充分利用自然资源,以浒苔为原料,具有较好的过滤、吸附性能的用于船舶生活污水处理的浒苔的制备工艺。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采取的技术方案是:一种用于船舶生活污水处理的浒苔的制备工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)浒苔预处理:
使用浒苔捕捞装置在海上捕捞新鲜的浒苔,并利用海水进行清洗,除去泥沙等杂质,然后使用海水通过水力缠结装置进行水刺加固;
(2)防腐处理:
将步骤(1)中水刺加固后的浒苔烘干脱水后浸入防腐处理剂中;
(3)质子化处理:
往步骤(2)的防腐处理剂中加入质量分数为3%~5%的盐酸,提高浒苔的吸附性能;
(4)交联处理:
将步骤(3)处理后的浒苔烘干,然后浸入交联剂溶液中,浸泡3~5h;
(5)浒苔表面拒水亲油处理:
往步骤(4)中的交联剂溶液中加入有机硅类拒水亲油处理剂,继续浸泡3~5h;
(6)干燥处理:
将步骤(5)中处理完毕的浒苔捞出,使用去离子水清洗2~3次后,减压抽滤,压制成饼,烘干,制得成品。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述的防腐处理剂为质量分数为0.05%~0.2%的脱氢醋酸或脱氢醋酸钠溶液。
进一步的,步骤(4)中所述的交联剂溶液为质量分数为15%~30%的氯化钙或者氯化钠。
与现有技术相比,本发明优点在于:
(1)以浒苔为原料,在海上边捕捞边处理,治理浒苔的同时实现了废物资源化利用,而且浒苔产量极大,易得,成本低廉;
(2)利用浒苔自身管状中空的结构特点,比表面积大,具有很好的吸附性能,而且死细胞具有与活细胞相似甚至更高的吸附容量,应用于污水处理不受水中有毒物的限制、不要求提供营养物;
(3)利用浒苔的带状结构,经本发明的水刺加固处理后,强度增加,过滤效果显著提高;
(4)经过本发明的工艺处理后的浒苔具有更好的过滤效果和吸附性能,吸附容量大,应用于污水处理系统中,可有效除去船舶生活污水中的有机油污及无机物,净化水质,并且防腐性能大大提高,可定期更换,不会因浒苔的腐败造成二次污染。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明;
如图1所示,一种用于船舶生活污水处理的浒苔的制备工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)浒苔预处理:
使用浒苔捕捞装置在海上捕捞新鲜的浒苔,并利用海水进行清洗,除去泥沙等杂质,
然后使用海水通过水力缠结装置进行水刺加固;
(2)防腐处理:
将步骤(1)中水刺加固后的浒苔烘干脱水后浸入防腐处理剂中,防腐处理剂可以采用质量分数为0.05%~0.2%的脱氢醋酸或脱氢醋酸钠溶液;
(3)质子化处理:
往步骤(2)的防腐处理剂中加入质量分数为3%~5%的盐酸,提高浒苔的吸附性能;
(4)交联处理:
将步骤(3)处理后的浒苔烘干,然后浸入交联剂溶液中,浸泡3~5h,交联剂溶液可以采用质量分数为15%~30%的氯化钙或者氯化钠;
(5)浒苔表面拒水亲油处理:
往步骤(4)中的交联剂溶液中加入有机硅类拒水亲油处理剂,继续浸泡3~5h;
(6)干燥处理:
将步骤(5)中处理完毕的浒苔捞出,使用去离子水清洗2~3次后,减压抽滤,压制成饼,烘干,制得成品。
综上所述,本发明将浒苔应用于船舶生活污水处理,在海上边捕捞边处理边应用,治理浒苔的同时实现了废物资源化利用,而且浒苔产量极大,易得,成本低廉;经过本发明的工艺处理后的浒苔具有更好的过滤效果和吸附性能,吸附容量大,强度增加,应用于污水处理系统中,可有效除去船舶生活污水中的有机油污及无机物,净化水质,并且防腐性能大大提高,可定期更换,不会因浒苔的腐败造成二次污染。
当然,上述说明并非是对本发明的限制,本发明也并不限于上述举例,本技术领域的普通技术人员,在本发明的实质范围内,作出的变化、改型、添加或替换,都应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于船舶生活污水处理的浒苔的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)浒苔预处理:
使用浒苔捕捞装置在海上捕捞新鲜的浒苔,并利用海水进行清洗,除去泥沙等杂质,然后使用海水通过水力缠结装置进行水刺加固;
(2)防腐处理:
将步骤(1)中水刺加固后的浒苔烘干脱水后浸入防腐处理剂中;
(3)质子化处理:
往步骤(2)的防腐处理剂中加入质量分数为3%~5%的盐酸,提高浒苔的吸附性能;
(4)交联处理:
将步骤(3)处理后的浒苔烘干,然后浸入交联剂溶液中,浸泡3~5h;
(5)浒苔表面拒水亲油处理:
往步骤(4)中的交联剂溶液中加入有机硅类拒水亲油处理剂,继续浸泡3~5h;
(6)干燥处理:
将步骤(5)中处理完毕的浒苔捞出,使用去离子水清洗2~3次后,减压抽滤,压制成饼,烘干,制得成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于船舶生活污水处理的浒苔的制备工艺,其特征是:步骤(2)中所述的防腐处理剂为质量分数为0.05%~0.2%的脱氢醋酸或脱氢醋酸钠溶液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于船舶生活污水处理的浒苔的制备工艺,其特征是:步骤(4)中所述的交联剂溶液为质量分数为15%~30%的氯化钙或者氯化钠。
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