CN105847211B - A kind of carrier frequency bias estimation suitable for MIMO-OFDM system - Google Patents
A kind of carrier frequency bias estimation suitable for MIMO-OFDM system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2656—Frame synchronisation, e.g. packet synchronisation, time division duplex [TDD] switching point detection or subframe synchronisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2657—Carrier synchronisation
- H04L27/2659—Coarse or integer frequency offset determination and synchronisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2657—Carrier synchronisation
- H04L27/266—Fine or fractional frequency offset determination and synchronisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2662—Symbol synchronisation
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of carrier frequency bias estimation suitable for MIMO-OFDM system, thick frequency deviation and smart offset estimation and compensation are respectively completed using the short training sequence and long training sequence that receive, compared to traditional scheme, present invention utilizes more data association messages, the smooth influence of noise.Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation scheme proposed by the present invention allows channel, and there are frequency selectivities, and improve the precision of mimo system Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation, improve the performance of receiver.In addition, the present invention, which is suitable for a variety of WLANs, receives system, practicability and portability are all relatively strong.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology field, the carrier frequency being related in the processing of MIMO-OFDM receiver baseband signal
Bias estimation, and in particular to use the thick frequency deviation and smart offset estimation scheme of leader sequence.
Background technique
2013, IEEE tissue formally issued new generation of wireless local area network communication standard IEEE 802.11ac, the standard
Highest supports the high density modulation of the bandwidth, 8 space code streams and 256-QAM of 160MHz, brings high-speed for user
Data transmission.However these technologies but also the product based on IEEE 802.11ac have to RF consistency testing system it is very high
Requirement.Currently, the radio-frequency transmitter base band signal process technology towards IEEE 802.11ac system becomes the emphasis of research.
IEEE 802.11ac physical layer uses MIMO-OFDM technology.Ofdm system uses multi-carrier digital modulation technique,
The data flow of high speed serialization is separated into several mutually orthogonal subcarriers by serioparallel exchange, improves the frequency spectrum benefit of system
With rate.But the orthogonality between ofdm system subcarrier keeps it very sensitive to carrier wave frequency deviation, once there is frequency deviation, adjacent son
Interchannel can generate biggish interference, and the orthogonality between subcarrier is destroyed, even the frequency deviation of very little will also result in it is very big
System performance decaying.Therefore, low complex degree, high-precision Algorithm of Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation how are designed, needs further to be studied.Together
When mimo system use space collection multiplexing technology, so that offset estimation is become increasingly complex.
In actual signal transmission, inevitably the local oscillator frequencies of sending and receiving end are inconsistent, mobile terminal
Phenomena such as ceaselessly moving relative to transmitting terminal, these can all cause carrier frequency to shift in data transmission procedure.Mesh
Before, the Algorithm of Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation in MIMO-OFDM system mainly has data auxiliary type algorithm and unbound nucleus type algorithm.Base
It is most widely used in radio frequency test system in the data aided algorithm of training sequence, but, the presence of training sequence is also dropped
The validity of low data transmission.L-STF and L-LTF field is utilized in traditional frequency excursion algorithm, is mainly used in SISO
System, frequency offset estimation accuracy is to be improved in mimo systems.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of carrier frequency bias estimation suitable for MIMO-OFDM system,
Multiple frequency deviation values are carried out average calculating operation by this method, improve frequency offset estimation accuracy, and realize that step is simple.
Technical solution: the present invention proposes a kind of carrier frequency bias estimation suitable for MIMO-OFDM system, utilizes reception
To L-STF and L-LTF be respectively completed thick frequency deviation and smart offset estimation and compensation, include the following steps:
(1) one section of complete frame signal data is captured from the downconverted digital baseband signal for operating and obtaining, and carried out
Frame synchronization process；
(2) coarse frequency offset is carried out using L-STF field, obtains the integer frequency offset of system, and carry out thick frequency deviation compensation；
(3) sign synchronization processing is carried out to the compensated data of thick frequency deviation, determines the initial position of OFDM symbol；
(4) smart offset estimation is carried out using L-LTF field, obtains the frequency deviation value of small several times, and carry out smart frequency deviation compensation.
Further, the estimation method of thick frequency deviation includes: in the step (2)
(2.1) 4 delay related operations are carried out to the data in L-STF field；
(2.2) 4 normalized thick Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation values are obtained according to Schmidl and Cox frequency excursion algorithm principle；
(2.3) obtain 4 offset estimation values are averaged, obtains final coarse frequency offset value.
Further, the intermediate variable that 4 delay related operations obtain in the step (2.1) is expressed as follows:
Wherein, after D indicates that a STF length, L indicate that the sample point length in associated window, r (n) indicate frame synchronization process
Reception data；
Normalized thick Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation value in the step (2.2) are as follows:
Wherein, N indicates an IFFT period.
Further, final coarse frequency offset value indicates are as follows:
In mimo systems, using multi-antenna diversity technology, coarse frequency offset value is indicated are as follows:
Wherein, NRIndicate receiving end antenna number, rj(n) data on jth root receiving antenna after frame synchronization process are indicated.
Further, sign synchronization processing method includes: in the step (3)
(3.1) data and local reference sequences obtained after the compensation of thick frequency deviation are utilizedIt carries out mutual
Related operation；Wherein, LTF indicates a repetition period sequence of L-LTF field, NTIndicate the antenna number of transmitting terminal, CSjIt indicates
Cyclic shift length on jth root transmitting antenna；
(3.2) symbol sync bit decision function is defined are as follows:
Wherein,
(3.3) according to sign synchronization position decision function, the initial position of OFDM symbol is obtained are as follows:
nsymbol=arg max (M (n))
Further, smart offset estimation value in the step (4) are as follows:
Wherein, d indicates that sliding window moves to right length, value range be [0, LTF), the size of D is a LTF length.Through
Verifying, smart offset estimation performance is related with the size of d value: in awgn channel, essence offset estimation performance is best when d=0；More
In diameter channel, when the value of d is smaller and the multidiameter delay of suitably larger than channel, smart offset estimation performance is best.
In mimo systems, using multi-antenna diversity technology, coarse frequency offset value is indicated are as follows:
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, a kind of carrier wave frequency deviation suitable for MIMO-OFDM system proposed by the present invention
Estimation method, be respectively completed using the short training sequence and long training sequence information that receive thick frequency deviation and smart offset estimation and
Compensation, compared to traditional scheme, present invention utilizes more data association messages, the smooth influence of noise.The present invention mentions
Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation scheme out allows channel, and there are frequency selectivities, and improve the essence of mimo system Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation
Degree, improves the performance of receiver.In addition, the present invention, which is suitable for a variety of WLANs, receives system, practicability and portable
Property it is all relatively strong.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the implementation flow chart of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the realization principle figure of coarse frequency offset in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is coarse frequency offset simulation curve result figure of the invention；
Fig. 4 is conventional method (a) and the method for the present invention (b) sign synchronization position decision function Dependence Results figure；
Fig. 5 is the realization principle figure of smart offset estimation in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is that sliding window position influences result figure to smart offset estimation performance in the present invention；
Fig. 7 is smart offset estimation simulation curve result figure of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Analytic explanation in detail is carried out to technical solution of the present invention below with reference to specific implementation example.It should be understood that giving here
Embodiment out is not limited to the IEEE 802.11ac system that the present invention is directed to, after reading this disclosure, art technology
Personnel can modify the popularization that the present invention carries out various equivalent forms within the scope of the restriction of the application appended claims.
Present example provides a kind of Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation scheme of MIMO-OFDM system, by the L- for receiving signal
STF and L-LTF sequence realizes the estimation and compensation of thick frequency deviation and smart frequency deviation respectively.In technology in order to better illustrate the present invention
Hold, spy lifts specific embodiment and attached drawing is cooperated to carry out scheme explanation.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of frequency deviation estimating method suitable for MIMO-OFDM system disclosed in embodiment of the present invention,
Include the following steps:
(1) a complete frame signal is obtained.Receiver receives the radiofrequency signal of part transmitting to be measured, amplifies to radiofrequency signal
Down-converted is carried out to the radiofrequency signal received by Vector Signal Analyzer again afterwards and obtains baseband digital signal.IEEE
802.11ac system is carried out data transmission with burst group mode, and multiple data frames are typically contained in wave file.By what is obtained
The size of I/Q data performance number and predetermined threshold value compares, and one section of interception comprising complete including rising edge and failing edge
Frame signal.
(2) frame synchronization process is carried out to the frame signal captured in step (1).The realization of frame synchronization is based in L-STF
It is same to be obtained frame by the STF sample sequence comprising ten repetition periods for this ten STF sequences progress Time Domain Piecewise delay related operations
Step sets decision function；By detecting the peak position of decision function, to obtain the estimated location of frame synchronization.
(3) coarse frequency offset and compensation, realization principle of the invention are carried out using the data r (n) that step (2) processing obtains
As shown in Fig. 2, obtaining normalization offset estimation value using the relativity of time domain of L-STF.The specific implementation step of coarse frequency offset
Include the following:
(3.1) delay related operation is carried out to the data that frame-grab obtains, obtained intermediate variable is expressed as follows:
Wherein, after D indicates that a STF length, L indicate that the sample point length in associated window, r (n) indicate frame synchronization process
Reception data；
(3.2) 4 normalized thick Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation can be obtained according to Schmidl and Cox frequency excursion algorithm principle
Value.
Wherein, N indicates an IFFT period.
(3.3) according to 4 offset estimation values obtained above, multiple delay relevant informations is made full use of, thick frequency deviation is estimated
Evaluation is defined as:
Assuming that ignore the influence of frame synchronization deviation, for the signal of IEEE 802.11ac 20MHz bandwidth, between pairwise correlation window
Delay D=16, the long L=16 of associated window, corresponding coarse frequency offset value calculation formula are as follows:
In mimo systems, using diversity antenna technology, above-mentioned coarse frequency offset formula can be modified are as follows:
Wherein, NRIndicate the number of receiving end antenna.
Fig. 3 gives traditional coarse frequency offset algorithm and the MSE performance curve of the present invention program compares.Due to traditional thick
Algorithm of Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation has only made a short training sequence period related operation, and the present invention has carried out four delay correlations and asked
Mean value, is utilized more sample value relevant informations, and the smooth influence of system noise, therefore, from simulation result as can be seen that
Either SISO or mimo system, the present invention program is compared to traditional coarse frequency offset algorithm, under identical signal-to-noise ratio
MSE performance has greatly improved.
Coarse frequency offset range of the invention is identical as traditional algorithm, is 2 times of subcarrier spacing, therefore may be implemented
The offset estimation and compensation of integral multiple.The coarse frequency offset device variance of the present invention program are as follows:
As it can be seen that the estimate variance of the present invention program becomes smaller, coarse frequency offset precision is improved.
(4) coarse frequency offset value obtained in step (3) is utilizedThick frequency deviation compensation is carried out to r (n) data, i.e.,Frequency deviation is dropped in lesser range.
(5) sign synchronization processing is carried out to data obtained in step (4), determines the accurate start-stop position of OFDM symbol.
Traditional sign synchronization algorithm is will to receive signal to obtain together with locally known a cycle LTF sequence information progress cross-correlation
Step sets decision function.The solution of the present invention has comprehensively considered L-LTF and has included there are two complete LTF sequence information, and VHT-
Also the LTF sequence information containing a cycle in LTFs, and mimo system transmitting terminal is that beam forming is avoided to introduce different length
Local reference sequences are revised as by the cyclic shift of degreeSync bit decision function is revised asThe start-stop position of OFDM symbol is estimated by detecting the peak position of the decision function.
As shown in figure 4, the solution of the present invention makes, only there is a peak value in sign synchronization position decision function and peak value goes out
Existing position is exactly the initial position of the first LTF sequence in the removal circulation front and back L-LTF, avoids the shadow of multimodal in conventional method
It rings, improves sign synchronization precision.
(6) after OFDM symbol position determines, smart offset estimation and compensation are carried out using L-LTF field.The solution of the present invention
It is the characteristic based on L-LTF sequence, (A indicates that the first half cycle of LTF sequence, B indicate LTF sequence to functional block diagram in figure as shown in Figure 5
The later half period of column) calculating of smart offset estimation value realizes especially by following steps:
(6.1) the data r (n) obtained after handling sign synchronization carries out delay related operation, obtained intermediate variable table
Show as follows:
Wherein, A2It is the adjacent sliding window correlation of estimator 2, it is related with length d is moved to right；
(6.2) the offset estimation value of smart frequency offset estimator is defined are as follows:
Wherein,As it can be seen that in the present invention
Smart frequency offset estimation range be 0.5 times subcarrier spacing, it can be achieved that small several times offset estimation and compensation.
In this example, for the signal of IEEE 802.11ac 20MHz bandwidth, N=D=LTF=64 obtains smart frequency deviation and estimates
Evaluation are as follows:
Algorithm is expanded into mimo system, then smart offset estimation value may be expressed as:
What Fig. 6 gave 2 sliding window of estimator in the awgn channel that signal-to-noise ratio under SISO system is 15dB moves to right length d
Influence to offset estimation performance smart in the present invention.With moving to right for sliding window, under identical signal-to-noise ratio, smart offset estimation
Almost can linearly it decline.The sample number for being specifically orientated right sliding is respectively 0 and 16, obtains smart estimator and basis in the present invention
The offset estimation performance comparison of estimator is as shown in Figure 7.Smart frequency offset estimator in the present invention can effectively improve offset estimation
Can, and the associated window initial position of estimator 2 is more to the left, offset estimation performance improvement is better.
What above-mentioned simulation result considered is awgn channel, due to being unbiased esti-mator, so simulation result is one
Straight line.In multipath channel, since the estimator in the present invention has used the information of cyclic prefix, multi-path jamming be will cause
The decline of offset estimation performance.In actual communication system receiver, we are estimated that the diameter number of multipath channel, this
When, as long as the sliding window of estimator 2 moves to right, sample value points are greater than multipath channel time delays and value is as small as possible, so that it may avoid more
Diameter interferes the influence to algorithm in the present invention, while improving frequency offset estimation accuracy to the maximum extent, improves receiver performance.
(7) smart offset estimation value is utilizedFrequency deviation compensation is carried out to data, i.e.,Next
It can continue channel estimation and equalization, IQ imbalance compensation, the parsing decoding of signal and the behaviour such as calculate each test item
Make.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of carrier frequency bias estimation suitable for MIMO-OFDM system, it is characterised in that: this method utilizes Short Training sequence
The thick frequency deviation to basis and smart frequency excursion algorithm improve to improve frequency offset estimation accuracy respectively for column and long training sequence, wrap
Include following step:
(1) one section of complete frame signal data is captured from the downconverted baseband digital signal for operating and obtaining, and it is same to carry out frame
Step processing；
(2) coarse frequency offset is carried out using short training sequence (L-STF) field, obtains the integer frequency offset of system, and carried out thick
Frequency deviation compensation；
(3) sign synchronization processing is carried out to the compensated data of thick frequency deviation, determines the initial position of OFDM symbol；
(4) smart offset estimation is carried out using long training sequence (L-LTF) field, obtains the frequency deviation value of small several times, and carry out smart frequency
Offset compensation；
The estimation method of thick frequency deviation includes: in the step (2)
(2.1) 4 time domain delay related operations are carried out to the sample point in L-STF field；
(2.2) 4 normalized thick Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation values can be obtained according to Schmidl and Cox frequency excursion algorithm principle；
(2.3) obtain 4 offset estimation values are averaged, obtains final coarse frequency offset value.
2. the carrier frequency bias estimation according to claim 1 suitable for MIMO-OFDM system, it is characterised in that: institute
The intermediate variable that 4 delay related operations obtain in step (2.1) is stated to be expressed as follows:
Wherein, D indicates a STF length, and L indicates the sample point length in associated window, connecing after r (n) expression frame synchronization process
Receive data；
Normalization Nonlinear Transformation in Frequency Offset Estimation value in the step (2.2) are as follows:
Wherein, N indicates an IFFT period.
3. the carrier frequency bias estimation according to claim 2 suitable for MIMO-OFDM system, it is characterised in that: most
Whole coarse frequency offset value indicates are as follows:
In mimo systems, using multi-antenna diversity technology, coarse frequency offset value is indicated are as follows:
Wherein, NRIndicate the number of receiving end antenna, rj(n) data on jth root receiving antenna after frame synchronization process are indicated.
4. the carrier frequency bias estimation according to claim 3 suitable for MIMO-OFDM system is it is characterized by: described
Sign synchronization processing method includes: in step 3
(3.1) data and local reference sequences obtained after the compensation of thick frequency deviation are utilizedCarry out cross-correlation
Operation, wherein LTF indicates a repetition period sequence in L-LTF field, NTIndicate the number of transmitting terminal antenna；CSjIt indicates
Cyclic shift length on jth root transmitting antenna；
(3.2) symbol sync bit decision function is defined are as follows:
Wherein,
(3.3) according to sign synchronization position decision function, the initial position of OFDM symbol is obtained are as follows:
nsymbol=argmax (M (n))
5. the carrier frequency bias estimation according to claim 4 suitable for MIMO-OFDM system, it is characterised in that: institute
State smart offset estimation value in step (4) are as follows:
Wherein, d indicates that sliding window moves to right length, value range be [0, LTF), the size of D is a LTF length；
In mimo systems, using multi-antenna diversity technology, smart offset estimation value is indicated are as follows:
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| CN108040028A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | OFDM system anti-interference signal detection and synchronization method based on local sequence cross-correlation detection |
| CN108156108B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-12-18 | 锐捷网络股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining starting point position of OFDM symbol |
| CN110113276B (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2021-12-07 | 珠海全志科技股份有限公司 | OFDM frequency offset estimation method, system and device based on IEEE802.11 |
| CN109981513B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2021-09-17 | 西安电子科技大学 | Time-frequency synchronization method and communication platform of indoor high-speed large-capacity MIMO-OFDM system |
| CN110224963B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-03-24 | 高拓讯达（北京）科技有限公司 | Method and device for determining symbol timing synchronization position and storage medium |
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| CN113783814B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-06-16 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Frequency offset estimation and compensation method for MIMO high-speed receiver |
| CN113794535B (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2024-04-05 | 深圳市极致汇仪科技有限公司 | Signal synchronization method compatible with punching mode, wireless signal analysis method and system |
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