CN105846068A - Tri-polarization slot antenna formed by co-planar waveguide feeder lines and low resistance metal wall provided step impedance antennas - Google Patents
Tri-polarization slot antenna formed by co-planar waveguide feeder lines and low resistance metal wall provided step impedance antennas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
共面波导馈电低阻侧壁阶跃阻抗的三极化槽缝天线涉及一种缝隙天线，该天线由三个相互垂直放置的单极化天线(13)组成；每个天线(13)包括介质基板(1)、介质基板(1)上的金属地(2)和辐射槽缝(3)、共面波导馈线(4)；金属地(2)上有辐射槽缝(3)；辐射槽缝(3)的两端(6)短路；在辐射槽缝(3)中部有两条金属化侧壁(7)形成低阻槽缝(8)；辐射槽缝(3)其余部分是高阻槽缝(9)；共面波导馈线(4)外导体(5)与金属地(2)相连，其末端内导体(12)跨过高阻槽缝(9)在其边缘(11)，与金属地(2)连接。该天线是多频带工作，可减少天线尺寸、交叉极化、遮挡和改善隔离。
A three-polarization slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide with a low-resistance sidewall step impedance relates to a slot antenna, which is composed of three mutually perpendicularly placed single-polarization antennas (13); each antenna (13) includes Dielectric substrate (1), metal ground (2) and radiation slots (3) on the dielectric substrate (1), coplanar waveguide feeder (4); radiation slots (3) on the metal ground (2); radiation slots The two ends (6) of the slot (3) are short-circuited; there are two metallized sidewalls (7) in the middle of the radiation slot (3) to form a low-resistance slot (8); the rest of the radiation slot (3) is a high-resistance The slot (9); the outer conductor (5) of the coplanar waveguide feeder (4) is connected to the metal ground (2), and the inner conductor (12) at its end crosses the high-resistance slot (9) at its edge (11), and Metal ground (2) connection. The antenna is multi-band operation which reduces antenna size, cross-polarization, shadowing and improves isolation.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种槽缝天线，尤其是一种共面波导馈电低阻侧壁阶跃阻抗的三极化槽缝天线。The invention relates to a slot antenna, in particular to a three-polarization slot antenna with coplanar waveguide feeding and low-resistance side wall step impedance.
背景技术Background technique
槽缝天线是振子天线的对偶天线，有着广泛的应用。但是，普通的槽缝天线不仅辐射槽缝本身的长度要有二分之一波长，而且辐射槽缝周围还需要较大的金属地面积，通常金属地的长度比槽缝的长度大二分之一波长，金属地的宽度比槽缝的宽度大二分之一波长。多极化MIMO可以有效的提高频谱效率和信道容量，为了将MIMO技术可以应用到体积小的终端，需要把不同极化的天线共址放置。较大的金属地会对天线的辐射产生遮挡效应，使得槽缝天线不适合共址多输入多输出(MIMO)应用，特别是用作多极化天线使用时，大的金属地将导致天线的交叉极化变差、天线端口之间的隔离变差，这些都将导致频谱效率和信道容量的下降。同时槽缝的阻抗很大，还使得槽缝天线馈电传输线的阻抗匹配比较困难。同时现代通信的发展还要求天线可以多频带工作、并且两个频带可以分别调节。The slot antenna is the dual antenna of the dipole antenna and has a wide range of applications. However, the ordinary slot antenna not only needs half the wavelength of the radiation slot itself, but also needs a large metal ground area around the radiation slot, usually the length of the metal ground is 1/2 larger than the length of the slot One wavelength, the width of the metal ground is one-half wavelength larger than the width of the slot. Multi-polarization MIMO can effectively improve spectrum efficiency and channel capacity. In order to apply MIMO technology to small terminals, antennas with different polarizations need to be co-located. A large metal ground will have a shielding effect on the radiation of the antenna, making the slot antenna unsuitable for co-located multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) applications, especially when used as a multi-polarized antenna, a large metal ground will cause the antenna to Poor cross-polarization and poor isolation between antenna ports lead to a reduction in spectral efficiency and channel capacity. At the same time, the impedance of the slot is very large, which also makes it difficult to match the impedance of the slot antenna feeding transmission line. At the same time, the development of modern communication also requires that the antenna can work in multiple frequency bands, and the two frequency bands can be adjusted separately.
发明内容Contents of the invention
技术问题:本发明的目的是提出一种共面波导馈电低阻侧壁阶跃阻抗的三极化槽缝天线，该天线不仅可以有多个工作频带，而且多个频带可以分别调节；该天线可以减小辐射槽缝的长度和金属地的面积，而且具有抑制交叉极化、改善隔离、减小遮挡的作用。Technical problem: the purpose of this invention is to propose a kind of coplanar waveguide feeding low-resistance sidewall step impedance three-polarization slot antenna, this antenna can not only have a plurality of operating frequency bands, but also a plurality of frequency bands can be adjusted separately; The antenna can reduce the length of the radiation slot and the area of the metal ground, and has the functions of suppressing cross polarization, improving isolation, and reducing shading.
技术方案：本发明的共面波导馈电低阻侧壁阶跃阻抗的三极化槽缝天线包括三个相互垂直放置的单极化的金属侧壁阶跃阻抗天线；每个单极化的金属侧壁阶跃阻抗天线包括介质基板、设置在介质基板上的金属地和辐射槽缝、共面波导馈线；介质基板的一面是金属地和共面波导馈线，共面波导馈线的接地面就是金属地；金属地上有辐射槽缝，辐射槽缝的形状是矩形，辐射槽缝位于金属地的中心；辐射槽缝的两端短路；在辐射槽缝中间部分，其槽缝的两个边缘，有两条金属化侧壁，使得辐射槽缝中间部分的特性阻抗变低，形成低阻槽缝；辐射槽缝的其余部分是高阻槽缝，高阻槽缝和低阻槽缝一起构成阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝，产生一个频率较低的低频工作频带和一个频率较高的高频工作频带；金属化侧壁穿越介质基板，一头与金属地相连，另一头在介质基板的另一面；共面波导馈线的一端是天线的端口，共面波导馈线另一端的导体跨过高阻槽缝，在高阻槽缝的边缘，与金属地连接。Technical solution: The coplanar waveguide fed low-resistance sidewall step impedance triple-polarization slot antenna of the present invention includes three mutually vertical single-polarized metal sidewall step impedance antennas; each single-polarization The metal side wall step impedance antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a metal ground and a radiation slot set on the dielectric substrate, and a coplanar waveguide feeder; one side of the dielectric substrate is a metal ground and a coplanar waveguide feeder, and the ground plane of the coplanar waveguide feeder is Metal ground; there are radiation slots on the metal ground, the shape of the radiation slot is rectangular, and the radiation slot is located in the center of the metal ground; the two ends of the radiation slot are short-circuited; in the middle part of the radiation slot, the two edges of the slot, There are two metallized side walls, which make the characteristic impedance of the middle part of the radiation slot lower, forming a low-resistance slot; the rest of the radiation slot is a high-resistance slot, and the high-resistance slot and the low-resistance slot together form a stage The jump impedance radiation slot produces a low-frequency working frequency band with a lower frequency and a high-frequency working frequency band with a higher frequency; the metallized sidewall passes through the dielectric substrate, one end is connected to the metal ground, and the other end is on the other side of the dielectric substrate; One end of the planar waveguide feeder is the port of the antenna, and the conductor at the other end of the coplanar waveguide feeder crosses the high-resistance slot, and is connected to the metal ground at the edge of the high-resistance slot.
改变介质基板的厚度、磁导率和介电常数，可以改变高阻槽缝和低阻槽缝的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the thickness, permeability and permittivity of the dielectric substrate can change the characteristic impedance of the high-resistance slot and the low-resistance slot, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot, and then change the antenna's low-frequency working frequency band. frequency and the operating frequency of the high-frequency operating band.
改变低阻槽缝的长度、低阻槽缝在辐射槽缝中的位置，可以调节辐射槽缝的电长度，以实现不同程度的天线小型化，还可以改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。By changing the length of the low-resistance slot and the position of the low-resistance slot in the radiation slot, the electrical length of the radiation slot can be adjusted to achieve different degrees of miniaturization of the antenna, and the working frequency and The operating frequency of the high-frequency operating band.
改变辐射槽缝的宽度，可以调节低阻槽缝和高阻槽缝的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the width of the radiation slot can adjust the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance slot and the high-resistance slot, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot, and then change the working frequency of the low-frequency working frequency band and the high-frequency working frequency band of the antenna. working frequency.
共面波导馈电低阻侧壁阶跃阻抗的三极化槽缝天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率主要由辐射槽缝的谐振频率确定，但是金属地的尺寸、共面波导馈线导体与辐射槽缝连接的位置也可以对天线的工作频率和匹配程度进行调节。由于辐射槽缝既有低阻槽缝又有高阻槽缝，构成了阶跃阻抗的辐射槽缝，不仅使得天线小型化，减小了交叉极化，也减小了金属地的尺寸，改善隔离和降低了金属地的遮挡效应，而且还可以使得天线有多个工作频带，而且改变低阻槽缝与高阻槽缝的相对长度和阻抗，可以分别调整两个工作频带的位置。The working frequency of the low-frequency working frequency band and the high-frequency working frequency band of the three-polarized slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide with low-resistance sidewall step impedance are mainly determined by the resonant frequency of the radiation slot, but the size of the metal ground, The position where the coplanar waveguide feeder conductor is connected to the radiation slot can also adjust the operating frequency and matching degree of the antenna. Since the radiation slots have both low-resistance slots and high-resistance slots, they constitute radiation slots with step impedance, which not only makes the antenna miniaturized, reduces cross-polarization, but also reduces the size of the metal ground, improving It isolates and reduces the shielding effect of the metal ground, and enables the antenna to have multiple operating frequency bands, and by changing the relative length and impedance of the low-resistance slot and the high-resistance slot, the positions of the two operating frequency bands can be adjusted respectively.
有益效果：本发明的共面波导馈电低阻侧壁阶跃阻抗的三极化槽缝天线的有益效果是，该天线可以减小整个天线的电尺寸、实现小型化，同时该天线不仅可以有多个频带，而且多个频带可以分别调节，还具有抑制天线的交叉极化、改善端口之间隔离，和减少金属地的遮挡的作用。Beneficial effect: the beneficial effect of the coplanar waveguide fed low-resistance sidewall step impedance triple-polarized slot antenna of the present invention is that the antenna can reduce the electrical size of the entire antenna and realize miniaturization, and at the same time the antenna can not only There are multiple frequency bands, and the multiple frequency bands can be adjusted separately. It also has the functions of suppressing the cross-polarization of the antenna, improving the isolation between ports, and reducing the shielding of the metal ground.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为共面波导馈电低阻侧壁阶跃阻抗的三极化槽缝天线整体结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a three-polarized slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide with a low-resistance sidewall step impedance.
图2为共面波导馈电低阻侧壁阶跃阻抗的三极化槽缝天线中单极化的金属侧壁阶跃阻抗天线的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-polarized metal sidewall step impedance antenna in a three-polarized slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide with a low-resistance sidewall step impedance.
图中有：介质基板1、金属地2、辐射槽缝3、共面波导馈线4、接地面5、两端6、金属化侧壁7、低阻槽缝8、高阻槽缝9、端口10、边缘11、导体12和单极化的金属侧壁阶跃阻抗天线13。In the figure, there are: dielectric substrate 1, metal ground 2, radiation slot 3, coplanar waveguide feeder 4, ground plane 5, both ends 6, metallized side wall 7, low resistance slot 8, high resistance slot 9, port 10. An edge 11, a conductor 12 and a metal side wall step impedance antenna 13 with single polarization.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
本发明所采用的实施方案是：共面波导馈电低阻侧壁阶跃阻抗的三极化槽缝天线包括三个相互垂直放置的单极化的金属侧壁阶跃阻抗天线13；每个单极化的金属侧壁阶跃阻抗天线13包括介质基板1、设置在介质基板1上的金属地2和辐射槽缝3、共面波导馈线4；介质基板1的一面是金属地2和共面波导馈线4，共面波导馈线4的接地面5就是金属地2；金属地2上有辐射槽缝3，辐射槽缝3的形状是矩形，辐射槽缝3位于金属地2的中心；辐射槽缝3的两端6短路；在辐射槽缝3中间部分，其槽缝的两个边缘，有两条金属化侧壁7，使得辐射槽缝3中间部分的特性阻抗变低，形成低阻槽缝8；辐射槽缝7的其余部分是高阻槽缝9，高阻槽缝9和低阻槽缝8一起构成阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝3，产生一个频率较低的低频工作频带和一个频率较高的高频工作频带；金属化侧壁7穿越介质基板1，一头与金属地2相连，另一头在介质基板1的另一面；共面波导馈线4的一端是天线的端口10，共面波导馈线4另一端的导体12跨过高阻槽缝9，在高阻槽缝9的边缘11，与金属地2连接。The embodiment that the present invention adopts is: the three-polarized slot antenna of coplanar waveguide feeding low-resistance sidewall step impedance comprises three metal sidewall step impedance antennas 13 of single polarization placed perpendicularly to each other; The single-polarized metal sidewall step impedance antenna 13 includes a dielectric substrate 1, a metal ground 2 and a radiation slot 3 arranged on the dielectric substrate 1, and a coplanar waveguide feeder 4; one side of the dielectric substrate 1 is a metal ground 2 and a common The plane waveguide feeder 4, the ground plane 5 of the coplanar waveguide feeder 4 is the metal ground 2; there is a radiation slot 3 on the metal ground 2, the shape of the radiation slot 3 is rectangular, and the radiation slot 3 is located at the center of the metal ground 2; the radiation The two ends 6 of the slot 3 are short-circuited; in the middle part of the radiation slot 3, there are two metallized side walls 7 on the two edges of the slot, so that the characteristic impedance of the middle part of the radiation slot 3 becomes lower, forming a low resistance Slot 8; the rest of the radiation slot 7 is a high-resistance slot 9, and the high-resistance slot 9 and the low-resistance slot 8 together form a step impedance radiation slot 3, which produces a low-frequency operating frequency band with a lower frequency and a The high-frequency working frequency band with higher frequency; the metallized side wall 7 passes through the dielectric substrate 1, one end is connected to the metal ground 2, and the other end is on the other side of the dielectric substrate 1; one end of the coplanar waveguide feeder 4 is the port 10 of the antenna, and the common The conductor 12 at the other end of the surface waveguide feeder 4 crosses the high-resistance slot 9 and is connected to the metal ground 2 at the edge 11 of the high-resistance slot 9 .
改变介质基板1的厚度、磁导率和介电常数，可以改变高阻槽缝9和低阻槽缝8的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝3的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the thickness, magnetic permeability and dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 1 can change the characteristic impedance of the high-resistance slot 9 and the low-resistance slot 8, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot 3, and then change the low frequency of the antenna The working frequency of the working frequency band and the working frequency of the high frequency working frequency band.
改变低阻槽缝8的长度、低阻槽缝8在辐射槽缝3中的位置，可以调节辐射槽缝3的电长度，以实现不同程度的天线小型化，还可以改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。By changing the length of the low-resistance slot 8 and the position of the low-resistance slot 8 in the radiation slot 3, the electrical length of the radiation slot 3 can be adjusted to achieve different degrees of antenna miniaturization, and the low-frequency working frequency band of the antenna can also be changed The operating frequency and the operating frequency of the high-frequency operating frequency band.
改变辐射槽缝3的宽度，可以调节低阻槽缝8和高阻槽缝9的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝3的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the width of the radiation slot 3 can adjust the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance slot 8 and the high-resistance slot 9, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot 3, and then change the working frequency and high frequency of the low-frequency working frequency band of the antenna. The working frequency of the frequency working frequency band.
共面波导馈电低阻侧壁阶跃阻抗的三极化槽缝天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率主要由辐射槽缝3的谐振频率确定，但是金属地2的尺寸、共面波导馈线4导体12与辐射槽缝3连接的位置也可以对天线的工作频率和匹配程度进行调节。由于辐射槽缝3既有低阻槽缝8又有高阻槽缝9，构成了阶跃阻抗的辐射槽缝3，不仅使得天线小型化，减小了交叉极化，也减小了金属地2的尺寸，改善隔离和降低了金属地2的遮挡效应，而且还可以使得天线有多个工作频带，而且改变低阻槽缝8与高阻槽缝9的相对长度、位置和阻抗，可以分别调整两个工作频带的位置。The working frequency of the low-frequency operating frequency band and the operating frequency of the high-frequency operating frequency band of the three-polarization slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide with low-resistance sidewall step impedance are mainly determined by the resonant frequency of the radiation slot 3, but the metal ground 2 The size and the position where the conductor 12 of the coplanar waveguide feeder 4 is connected to the radiation slot 3 can also adjust the working frequency and matching degree of the antenna. Since the radiation slot 3 has both a low-resistance slot 8 and a high-resistance slot 9, a radiation slot 3 with a step impedance is formed, which not only makes the antenna miniaturized, reduces cross-polarization, but also reduces the metal ground The size of 2 improves the isolation and reduces the shielding effect of the metal ground 2, and can also make the antenna have multiple operating frequency bands, and change the relative length, position and impedance of the low-resistance slot 8 and the high-resistance slot 9, respectively. Adjust the position of the two working frequency bands.
在工艺上，共面波导馈电低阻侧壁阶跃阻抗的三极化槽缝天线既可以采用普通的印刷电路板(PCB)工艺，也可以采用低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)工艺或者CMOS、Si基片等集成电路工艺实现。其中金属化侧壁7可以是空心金属化侧壁也可以是实心金属侧壁。在制造上，三个单极化的金属侧壁阶跃阻抗天线13可以通过卡槽相互垂直安装在一起，或者通过粘结剂相互垂直粘结在一起，或者两种方法一起使用。In terms of technology, the three-polarized slot antenna with low-resistance sidewall step impedance fed by coplanar waveguide can use either ordinary printed circuit board (PCB) technology, or low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology or CMOS, Integrated circuit technology such as Si substrate is realized. The metallized sidewall 7 can be a hollow metallized sidewall or a solid metal sidewall. In terms of manufacture, the three single-polarized metal side wall step impedance antennas 13 can be vertically installed together through a slot, or vertically bonded together through an adhesive, or both methods can be used together.
根据以上所述，便可实现本发明。According to the above, the present invention can be realized.
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| SHUNLI LI ET AL: ""Postwall Slotline and Its Application in Design of Short-Pulse Tapered Slot Antennas"", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION》 * |
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Application publication date: 20160810 |