CN105845121B

CN105845121B - It insulates against sound through-flow and augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial unit, composite construction and preparation

Info

Publication number: CN105845121B
Application number: CN201610242931.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄礼范; 王术光
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-04-19
Filing date: 2016-04-19
Publication date: 2019-12-03
Anticipated expiration: 2036-04-19
Also published as: CN105845121A

Abstract

The present invention relates to through-flow and augmentation of heat transfer the acoustic metamaterial structural units that insulates against sound comprising frame is provided with obligatory point in the frame, is covered with film at least one surface of the upper and lower surface of frame；At least one hole is provided on the obligatory point and film.In addition, the present invention also provides the acoustic metamaterial composite plate containing acoustic metamaterial structural unit and composite construction and frequency modulation method and assembly methods.The structural unit can have the sound-insulation capability for being better than conventional punch plate or microperforated panel in broadband and guarantee that enough hot-fluids, air-flow or liquid stream can pass through；And the unit local vibration generated under acoustic wave excitation by self structure improves the heat diffusion rate of hole two sides fluid media (medium) and accelerates heat convection efficiency.The acoustic metamaterial structural unit and its array composite construction have the characteristics that assembly technology is simple, stable working performance.

Description

It insulates against sound through-flow and augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial unit, composite construction and preparation

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of sound insulation, sound that is through-flow and can be improved heat diffusion rate and quickening heat convection efficiency Metamaterial structure unit and the array composite construction containing it are learned, structure is frivolous, sound insulation room effect is good and energy suitable for making Enough guarantee structure housing, sound insulationg board, acoustic hood or silencer that enough hot-fluids, air-flow or liquid stream pass through, belongs to material neck Domain.

Background technique

Thermal powerplant is such as: steam engine, combustion gas turbine, large-size machine, main frame, is electrically set internal combustion engine The shell structure of standby and refrigeration equipment etc. is very high to through-flow requirement of radiating, and to guarantee the normal operation of equipment, while they are also It needs to reduce noise, to reduce the noise pollution to environment.

In order to reconcile the through-flow contradiction between sound insulation and noise reducing of heat dissipation, the common solution of the prior art is in structural shell Increase on body or the acoustic hood of cladding the through-flow device of radiating (patent disclosed in China has: CN2411327Y, CN1710239A, CN200943422Y, CN104153695A, CN204099057U).However, these additional through-flow devices of heat dissipation include longer Through-flow pipeline, or even in order to enhance convection current need that the power-equipments such as fan or pump machine are installed on pipeline.These pipelines and power Equipment not only increases system complexity and manufacture maintenance cost, but also can generate pipeline and mechanical noise.Another kind is implemented Convenient lower cost solution is to make shell or acoustic hood, but this using the sufficiently large conventional punch plate of pore area or flase floor A little structures account in main in electromechanical noise energy, the sound insulation effect of low-frequency range (such as 1000 hertz or less) is excessively poor.

Microperforated panel of the diameter less than 1 millimeter is lined with the backboard of certain intervals, can medium, high frequency design it is higher every Volume, working mechanism: the cavity between microperforated panel and backboard constitutes one group of helmholtz resonance sound absorber (Helmholtz Resonant Absorber), when the frequency of incident acoustic wave is consistent with the characteristic frequency of helmholtz resonance sound absorber in perforation, Air-flow and cavity structure resonance rub, and cause a large amount of sound that can switch to thermal dissipation, improve the sound absorption effect of the resonant frequency.It is limited In working mechanism, if microperforated panel structure to be used realizes satisfied noise reduction effect, back board structure is indispensable (disclosed in China Patent has: CN101645263B, CN202986208U, CN102543061B, CN102077272B, CN102842303B, CN104700827A,CN105065337A,CN105222474A；United States Patent (USP): US6868940B1, US20110100749A1, US008381872B2,US008469145B2).And the presence of back board structure inevitably affects the through-flow effect that radiates Fruit.

In addition, 2014, American Physical federation periodical " AIP Advances " discloses a kind of for building room Ventilate sound proof window (2014, Sang-Hoon Kin etc., Air Transparent Soundproof Window, AIP Advances 4,117123.；United States Patent (USP): US20160071507A1).The sound proof window is based on the cavity similar with microperforated panel Resonance energy consumption principle improves oise insulation factor, is the array structure being made of the resonator chamber acoustic elements with cylindrical hole.Wherein, it is used for Through-flow bore dia is up to 50 millimeters, and the side length of the resonator chamber acoustic elements of hard acrylic material production is 150 millimeters, With a thickness of 40 millimeters, lowest-order resonant frequency can be realized in more better than microperforated panel, sound insulation room near 1000 hertz Effect.However, structure size will be made very big, it is difficult to for space ruler if being intended to realize effective sound insulation of more low-frequency range Very little demanding occasion.Importantly, through the flow-reduction sound insulation effect of each frequency range in the hole, especially for wavelength Greater than the low-frequency sound wave in aperture.

Acoustic metamaterial (Acoustic Metamaterial), especially film-type acoustic metamaterial (2008, Z.Yang etc., Membrane-Type Acoustic Metamaterial with Negative Dynamic Mass, Physical Review Letters 101,204301.) appearance so that people can use thickness and lattice dimensions are less than The frivolous structure of two orders of magnitude of wave length of sound is effectively isolated the propagation of low-frequency sound wave, i.e., available Centimeter Level construction insulation wavelength is Hundred hertz of noises of meter level.Film-type acoustic metamaterial be based on locally resonant principle (2000, Zhengyou Liu et al., Locally Resonant Sonic Materials, Science 289,1734.), typical structure includes three kinds substantially single Member, i.e. stereoplasm frame, elastic film and weight mass block.Its working mechanism be stereoplasm frame be separated out individually be not connected to it is small Region, internal weight mass block generates judder under incident acoustic wave excitation, and then elastic film is promoted to generate antiresonance Vibration mode rebounds to the whole of incident acoustic wave to realize, reduces so that the normal vibration displacement summation of overall region is zero The sound energy of transmissive side.Film-type acoustic metamaterial patent based on this principle be required to overall structure it is airtight (China disclosed in Patent has: CN1664920A, CN102237079A, CN101908338B, CN103594080A, CN103810991A, CN103996395A, CN105118496A, United States Patent (USP): US007395898B2, US20130087407A1, US20140339014A1, US20150047923A1).This necessarily limits such acoustic metamaterials to be applied to through-flow want of radiating Seek high occasion.

2013, U.S.'s Applied Physics flash report published paper (a Guancong Ma etc., Low-frequency Narrow-band Acoustic Filter with Large Orifice, Applied Physics Letters 103, 011903.), be put forward for the first time a kind of film-type acoustic metamaterial structure with hole (United States Patent (USP): US20160027427A1, Chinese patent: CN105122348A).Hole surrounding Canonical Distribution is abutted for through-flow hole of radiating there are one among the structure Four pieces of air-locked film-type acoustic metamaterial structural units with weight mass block.Under certain acoustic frequency, acoustics is super The weight mass block and elastic film of material structure unit form significantly locally resonant, common to generate for offsetting via hole sound wave Acoustic pressure, realize the frequency band effective sound insulation.However, effective sound insulation frequency band of the structure is very narrow, only tens hertz.This article Author thinks the reason is that only in the resonance band close to resonant frequency, the acoustic metamaterial structural unit of surrounding could be produced The reverse phase sound wave and via hole acoustical farfield of raw enough magnitudes are offset.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide the structures that one kind can overcome existing film-type acoustic metamaterial simultaneously The problem of work belt width of airtight and ventilative acoustic metamaterial defect technical solution, further, the present invention provide one Good and through-flow with the good heat dissipation acoustic metamaterial structural unit of kind wideband sound insulation effect, in the master of electromechanical noise energy Frequency range is wanted, such as hundreds of hertz, there is the wider excellent sound insulation property of working band, ensure that enough hot-fluids, air-flow or liquid stream It can pass through.

The present invention also provides the acoustic metamaterial structural unit that one kind is capable of augmentation of heat transfer, one side passes through self structure Vibration under acoustic wave excitation improves the heat diffusion rate of hole media of both sides；Simultaneously, on the other hand, when there is fluid to pass through When, the vibration of structural unit can hinder the formation of thermal boundary layer and velocity boundary layer, can increase the fluid at the adherent place of heat source Turbulivity accelerates heat exchange efficiency；Simultaneously, using the positive and negative counteracting of through hole sound wave and film rebound sound wave realize it is high every Volume has been finally reached sound insulation, through-flow, augmentation of heat transfer effect.

The present invention also provides a kind of acoustic metamaterial building block array composite constructions, by would operate in different frequency Acoustic metamaterial structural unit face in outside combined and spliced or face vertical stack, realization significantly widen having for whole composite construction Imitate the effect of bandwidth of operation.

Specifically, technical scheme is as follows:

A kind of acoustic metamaterial structural unit comprising frame is provided with obligatory point in the frame, in frame Film is covered at least one surface of upper and lower surface；At least one hole is provided on the obligatory point and film.

The frame and obligatory point is covered on frame upper and lower surface by rigid connection, perforated flexible film, and by about The constraint of beam body.The frame ultimately forms the structure of surrounding closure, obligatory point is provided at its inner portion, in the upper and lower surface of frame Film is covered at least one.

Wherein, a porose obligatory point is at least set in the frame.

Wherein, the shape in hole, position and size are identical or different on the obligatory point and film；It is preferred that the obligatory point and The shape in hole, position and size are identical on film.

Wherein, the size in hole is determined according to the fluid flow and sound insulation working frequency range that pass through on the obligatory point.

During determining the size in hole, usually according to by fluid flow and the sound insulation aspect of working frequency range two Determine, such as the occasion more demanding to flow efficiency, the size in hole are sufficiently large, to reduce flow loss and pressure drop shadow to the greatest extent It rings；Tend to the occasion of low frequency to sound insulation working frequency range, it is constant in the geometric dimension and material parameter for guaranteeing frame and film Under the premise of, small hole size makes sound insulation working frequency range be intended to low frequency.

Wherein, the shape in hole is the geometry of regular symmetric on the obligatory point, and the preferably described geometry is circle.

Wherein, perforated flexible film is all covered in the upper and lower surface of the frame；It is preferred that two layers perforated flexible film Thickness and material are different.When thickness and material difference, be conducive to expand bandwidth of operation.

The porose obligatory point is flushed at least one surface of frame.

Wherein, in upper layer and lower layer film central filler porous material；It is preferred that the porous material is glass fibre cotton or opens Closed-cell foam.

Wherein, the shape of the frame makes it that can realize maximum area accounting when periodic array in elemental area；It is preferred that Shape is rectangle, square or regular hexagon.

Wherein, the obligatory point contacts or face contact with thin film wire；It is preferred that the shape for contacting formation is the several of regular symmetric What shape；More preferably the geometry is round, square or regular polygon.

Wherein, the frame and the material for having hole obligatory point be respectively aluminium, steel, timber, rubber, plastics, glass, Gypsum, cement, high molecular polymer or complex fiber material；The material of the film is high molecular polymer thin-film material, gold Belong to film or elastic film, the high molecular polymer thin-film material are preferably polychloroethylene film, polyethylene film or polyetherimide Amine film；The preferred aluminium of the metallic film and aluminium alloy film, titanium or titanium alloy film, the elastic film preferred rubber film, pellosil Or latex film.

The present invention also provides a kind of acoustic metamaterial plates comprising above-mentioned acoustic metamaterial basic structural unit.

Wherein, the acoustic metamaterial plate is that acoustic metamaterial structural unit directional combination in face is spliced.

Form the geometric dimension and material parameter of each acoustic metamaterial structural unit of acoustic metamaterial composite plate It can be similar and different, be not strictly limited to identical.

The present invention also provides a kind of acoustic metamaterial composite constructions comprising acoustic metamaterial plate

Wherein, it is described be acoustic metamaterial composite construction be by acoustic metamaterial plate face outside direction described in multilayer longitudinal direction Acoustic metamaterial plate array made of stacking.The geometric dimension and material parameter of the multilayer acoustic metamaterial plate can be difference Or it is identical, it is not strictly limited to identical.

The acoustic metamaterial composite construction contains general acoustics material cell or conventional acoustic made of general acoustics material Learn plate of material.

The general acoustics plate of material is glass fibre cotton, opens the porous materials such as closed-cell foam and conventional punch plate, is micro- Perforated plate, damping material plate etc..

Between gap and acoustic metamaterial plate and general acoustics plate of material between the multilayer acoustic metamaterial plate Fill porous material in gap.

The present invention also provides a kind of sound insulation for adjusting the acoustic metamaterial structural unit or the acoustics composite construction The method of frequency range, by the frame of the change acoustic metamaterial, the structure size of obligatory point and film and material parameter come real Now adjust the working frequency of acoustic metamaterial

The present invention also provides a kind of methods for assembling the acoustic metamaterial structural base member, which is characterized in that has hole Obligatory point and frame use integral molding techniques to be prepared or manufacture hole obligatory point prefabricated component and frame prefabricated component, will have Hole obligatory point prefabricated component is by being rigidly connected to component units frame on frame prefabricated component, later by film in free extension state Under be covered on unit framework, and be fixedly connected, finally punched on film；It is preferred that passing through milling, casting, punching Pressure, laser cutting or 3D printing technique are processed into integrally formed unit framework, or are cut by milling, casting, punching press, laser It cuts or 3D printing technique has produced hole obligatory point prefabricated component and frame prefabricated component；It is preferred that be fixedly connected as gluing, thermal weld or Machine riveting.

In addition, the present invention provides a kind of method for assembling the acoustic metamaterial plate, the acoustics after assembly is surpassed Material structure cell borders carry out rigidity or flexible connection, or are combined into the acoustics with certain curvature using Wedge-shape connector Metamaterial board；Or will there is hole obligatory point and frame to be processed as whole acoustic metamaterial plate framework by being integrally formed, it Film is covered on whole acoustic metamaterial plate framework under free extension state afterwards, and is fixedly connected, finally thin It is punched on film；Each acoustic metamaterial structural base member shares the film of same material same thickness at this time；It is preferred that passing through Milling, casting, punching press, laser cutting or 3D printing technique are processed into integrally formed unit framework or whole acoustic metamaterial plate Frame, or hole obligatory point prefabricated component and frame have been produced by milling, casting, punching press, laser cutting or 3D printing technique Prefabricated component；It is preferred that being fixedly connected as gluing, thermal weld or machine riveting.

The present invention also provides a kind of methods for assembling the acoustic metamaterial composite construction, and porous material is manufactured into fritter Unit is filled into the frame of the acoustic metamaterial structural unit and has the gap between the obligatory point of hole, then that a monolith is general After logical acoustical material plate punch in advance or punches it with the acoustic metamaterial plate cooperation, it is in contact with each other and the company of fixation It connects to obtain；It is preferred that by build mould, cut out, the small module unit of porous material is made in impact style；It is preferred that the general acoustics plate of material The way of contact between acoustic metamaterial plate is using directly contacting or passing through elastic pad supports, different acoustical materials are isolated Vibration transmitting between plate；It is preferred that being fixedly connected as gluing, thermal weld or machine riveting.

Further, the more specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

A kind of acoustic metamaterial structural unit, which is characterized in that it includes frame, in the frame has been provided with hole Obligatory point, be covered with perforated flexible film at least one surface of frame.Wherein, the frame and Qi Nei's has hole Obligatory point is connected by rigid connecting rod, and perforated flexible film is covered on frame side, and constrained body constrains.Wherein, described At least one porose obligatory point in frame.Wherein, two sides of the frame are all covered with perforated flexible film；It is preferred that The thickness and material of two layers perforated flexible film is not identical.Wherein, in two layers of perforated flexible film central filler porous material；It is excellent The porous material is selected as glass fibre cotton or opens closed-cell foam.Wherein, the shape of the frame makes it in elemental area inner circumferential Maximum area accounting can be realized when phase array；Preferable shape is rectangle, square or regular hexagon.Wherein, described porose Obligatory point is flushed at least one surface of frame.Wherein, described to there is hole obligatory point to contact with fexible film line or face contact； It is preferred that the shape for contacting formation is the geometry of regular symmetric；The more preferable geometry is for round, square or just Polygon.Wherein, the shape in hole is the geometry of regular symmetric on the obligatory point, and the preferably geometry is circle Shape.Wherein, on the obligatory point hole greatly neglect by fluid flow and sound insulation working frequency range depending on.Wherein, described Frame and the material that has hole obligatory point be respectively aluminium, steel, timber, rubber, plastics, glass, gypsum, cement, macromolecule Polymer or complex fiber material.Wherein the material of the perforated flexible film is flexible material；The material of the film is High molecular polymer thin-film material, such as polychloroethylene film, polyethylene film, polyetherimde films or metallic film, such as aluminium and aluminium Alloy film, titanium or titanium alloy film etc. or elastic film, such as rubber membrane, pellosil, latex film.Wherein, the perforated flexible The shapes and sizes in hole limit on the hole shape and the unfettered body of size of film, and preferably the two shapes and sizes are consistent.

It is spliced more specifically, the present invention also provides one kind by directional combination in acoustic metamaterial structural unit face Acoustic metamaterial plate.Wherein, the geometric dimension and material parameter of the acoustic metamaterial structural unit do not limit strictly identical. The present invention also provides a kind of acoustics composite constructions being made of the acoustic metamaterial plate and general acoustics combination of materials.Its In, the general acoustics material can be porous material, such as glass fibre cotton or open closed-cell foam, conventional punch plate or micro- wear Orifice plate, damping material plate etc..The present invention also provides a kind of acoustic metamaterial plate face outside direction vertical stack as described in multilayer and At acoustic metamaterial composite plate.Wherein, the geometric dimension and material parameter of the multilayer acoustic metamaterial plate do not limit strictly It is identical.Wherein, the gap between the multilayer acoustic metamaterial plate can fill porous material, utilize the super material of adjacent two layers acoustics The near field wave roundtrip that flitch generates improves the acoustic density in the region, and then improves the sound absorption efficiency of porous material, finally Improve the sound insulation property of monolithic composite panel.The acoustic metamaterial structural unit, the acoustics are adjusted the present invention also provides a kind of The method of the working frequency range of metamaterial board and the acoustic metamaterial composite plate, which is characterized in that super by changing the acoustics The frame of material structure unit, obligatory point, the structure size or material parameter for constraining body opening, fexible film and flexible thin fenestra Realize adjustable working frequency.The present invention also provides a kind of methods for assembling the acoustic metamaterial plate, and the acoustics is surpassed Material structure cell borders directly rigidity or flexible connection, or the acoustics with certain curvature is combined into using Wedge-shape connector Metamaterial board.

Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:

1) the acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in contains hole, size can according to the flow by fluid and need every The main frequency range of sound determines, while capable of guaranteeing that enough hot-fluids, air-flow or liquid stream pass through, in the master of electromechanical noise energy Frequency range is wanted, such as hundreds of hertz, there is the wider excellent sound insulation property of working band.

2) the acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in does not need installation weight mass block/weight, and weight mass will not occur Accident in block/weight course of work falls off to form the case where foreign matter even jeopardizes internal unit safe operation, so that sound insulation material The job stability of material is reinforced, and active time increases.Due to simplifying assembly technology, cost is further compressed, and has stronger city Field competitiveness.

3) the acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in is also different from simply without the uniform film sound of weight mass block/weight It learns Meta Materials (United States Patent (USP): US20140339014A1).By adjusting the curved of fexible film with the rigidly connected obligatory point of frame Stiffness, and then change the vibration frequency of integral unit.In other words, the use of obligatory point selectively can inhibit and create The specific rank vibration mode of fexible film, increases the design freedom of cell surface vertical direction.

4) the acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in, on the one hand the vibration by self structure under acoustic wave excitation improves hole The heat diffusion rate of media of both sides；On the other hand, when there is fluid to pass through, the vibration of structural unit can hinder thermal boundary layer With the formation of velocity boundary layer, the fluid turbulent degree at the adherent place of heat source can be increased, to accelerate heat exchange efficiency.

5) the acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in can work independently, and acoustical behavior is by itself basic unit or macroelement It determines, the acoustic metamaterial plate that modular combination splicing is assembled to form various shapes can be carried out.The frame and there is hole about Beam body, which can be used, builds the mass processing technology such as mould, punching press, chemical attack, and difficulty of processing is small.

6) in the assembly acoustic metamaterial unit, film is covered on unit framework under free extension state On, film is avoided after being assembled under bearing pretension state, it is thin with working time growth and the variation of working condition Working frequency range drift phenomenon caused by the pretension release stored in film surface.

7) the acoustic metamaterial plate described in can carry out vertical stack outside face and form acoustic metamaterial composite plate, significantly widen Effective bandwidth of operation of whole acoustic metamaterial composite plate, to be realized in wide-band with minimum surface density and space cost Outstanding noise reduction effect.

8) the acoustic metamaterial plate described in and its hole size in composite plate and distribution situation can be as desired by fluids Flow distribution and the noise frequency range distribution that issues of the noise source that insulates against sound of needs carry out targeted design, have and outstanding determine Property processed.

9) since every piece constitutes the acoustic metamaterial structural unit of acoustic metamaterial plate and its composite plate without installing counterweight Mass block/weight, and rigid connecting rod connection constraints body and frame are used, so that the support strength of integral slab is enhanced, because Acoustic metamaterial plate and its composite plate described in this are used directly for production shell mechanism, without adhering to wall surface.

10) present invention is by being provided with hole on the film and obligatory point by acoustic metamaterial unit, the sound wave of through hole with Film rebounds sound wave in the positive and negative counteracting realization high oise insulation factor of low-frequency range in far field, and the acoustics by would operate in different frequency is super Array combination in material cell face vertical stack and is combined with general acoustics plate of material outside face and constitutes acoustics composite construction Mode, significantly widen sound insulation bandwidth of operation；Simultaneously, passing freely through for fluid may be implemented by set hole, and The vibration for making full use of film to generate under acoustic wave excitation and/or flow field excitation has reached good thermal diffusion rate and heat exchange effect Rate, it is final to achieve the effect that wideband sound insulation effect is good and has heat dissipation through-flow simultaneously.That is, the present invention is creatively by sound It learns in the film and frame of metamaterial unit and is provided with hole on obligatory point, dexterously solve wideband sound insulation while the through-flow skill that radiates Art problem, this is that those skilled in the art thirst for solving always without the technical problem of solution.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the acoustic metamaterial plate schematic diagram that array is formed in acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the present invention and its face.

Fig. 2 is the super material of basic model acoustics that array is formed in 1 acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the embodiment of the present invention and its face Flitch schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 is stable state temperature of the basic model acoustic metamaterial plate in ventilating convection described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 Spend field distribution finite element stimulation result.

Fig. 4 is acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in the embodiment of the present invention 1, same surface density and has onesize hole Conventional punch plate and the same punching rate of same surface density microperforated panel normal incidence sound transmission loss (Sound Transmission Loss, is abbreviated as STL) finite element stimulation model schematic.

Fig. 5 is acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in the embodiment of the present invention 1, same surface density and has onesize hole Conventional punch plate unit and the same punching rate of same surface density microperforated panel unit normal incidence sound transmission loss finite element Simulation result comparison diagram.

Fig. 6 is acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in the embodiment of the present invention 1, same surface density and has onesize hole Conventional punch plate unit and the same punching rate of same surface density microperforated panel unit 440Hz frequency sound waves motivate condition Under, the FEM Numerical Simulation of the air particles directional velocity of incident cavity and transmission cavity.

Fig. 7 is to be passed according to ASTM E2611-09 standard using the normal incidence that four-microphone method measures acoustical material sample The acoustic impedance pipe test macro schematic diagram of acoustic loss.

Fig. 8 is basic model acoustic metamaterial plate sample described in the embodiment of the present invention 1, same surface density and has same big The normal incidence sound transmission loss of the microperforated panel sample of the conventional punch plate sample and same punching rate of same surface density of aperture is tried Test the comparison diagram of measurement result Yu finite element stimulation result.

Fig. 9 is the super material of light and thin type acoustics that array is formed in 2 acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the embodiment of the present invention and its face Flitch schematic diagram.

Figure 10 is the normal incidence sound transmission loss test of light and thin type acoustic metamaterial plate sample described in the embodiment of the present invention 2 Measurement result.

Figure 11 is the unit containing different parameters that array is formed in 3 acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the embodiment of the present invention and its face Acoustic metamaterial plate schematic diagram.

Figure 12 is that the normal incidence of the acoustic metamaterial plate sample of the unit containing different parameters described in the embodiment of the present invention 3 passes Acoustic loss test measurement result.

Figure 13 is the sound containing oversized hole that array is formed in 4 acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the embodiment of the present invention and its face Learn metamaterial board schematic diagram.

Figure 14 is the transaudient damage of normal incidence of the acoustic metamaterial plate sample containing oversized hole described in the embodiment of the present invention 4 Lose test measurement result.

Figure 15 is acoustic metamaterial structural unit schematic diagram of derivative two class of the embodiment of the present invention 4 containing oversized hole.

Figure 16 is the acoustic metamaterial structure that the embodiment of the present invention 5 has different structure form frame and obligatory point connecting rod Cellular construction schematic diagram.

Figure 17 is the acoustic metamaterial knot described in the embodiment of the present invention 5 with round frame and single armed obligatory point connecting rod The normal incidence sound transmission loss test measurement result for the acoustic metamaterial plate sample that array is formed in structure unit and its face.

Figure 18 is the two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial structural unit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 6.

On the basis of Figure 19 is the two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in the embodiment of the present invention 6, worn at two pieces The acoustic metamaterial structural unit schematic diagram that gap filling porous material between the fexible film of hole is constituted.

Figure 20 is the acoustics that array is formed in two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial structural unit face described in the embodiment of the present invention 6 The normal incidence sound transmission loss of the basic model acoustic metamaterial plate sample of metamaterial board sample and single side pad pasting described in embodiment 1 Test measurement comparative result figure.

Figure 21 is the acoustics that array is formed in two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial structural unit face described in the embodiment of the present invention 6 Two-sided pad pasting described in metamaterial board sample and embodiment 6 simultaneously fills array shape in porous material acoustic metamaterial structural unit face At acoustic metamaterial plate sample normal incidence sound transmission loss test measurement comparative result figure.

Figure 22 is the first configuration schematic diagram in 7 augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 23 is second of configuration schematic diagram in 7 augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 24 is the third configuration schematic diagram in 7 augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 25 is battle array in the augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial structural unit face of the first configuration described in the embodiment of the present invention 7 Arrange the normal incidence sound transmission loss test measurement result of the acoustic metamaterial plate sample formed.

Figure 26 is that the acoustics composite construction that 8 acoustic metamaterial plate of the embodiment of the present invention is constituted with general acoustics combination of materials shows It is intended to.

Figure 27 is that acoustic metamaterial plate described in the embodiment of the present invention 8 combines the acoustics composite construction constituted with porous material The normal incidence sound transmission loss test measurement result of sample.

Figure 28 is to pull open the acoustic metamaterial constituted after a fixed spacing among two layers of the acoustic metamaterial plate of the embodiment of the present invention 9 Composite plate schematic diagram.

Figure 29 is after pulling open a fixed spacing among two layers of acoustic metamaterial plate described in the embodiment of the present invention 9, in the spacing One layer of porous material of interior insertion, the acoustic metamaterial composite plate schematic diagram finally constituted.

Figure 30 is that the normal incidence sound transmission loss of the compound plate sample of acoustic metamaterial described in the embodiment of the present invention 9 tests survey Measure result.

Figure 31 is curve form acoustic metamaterial plate schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention 10.

Wherein, 1- acoustic metamaterial structural unit, 2- frame, 3- have hole obligatory point, and 4- constrains body opening, 5- connecting rod, 6- Perforated flexible film, 7- membrane pores, 8- basic model acoustic metamaterial edges of boards frame described in embodiment 1,9- are described in embodiment 1 whole Perforated flexible film is opened, 10- membrane pores described in embodiment 1,11- is described in embodiment 1 hole obligatory point, 1 institute of 12- embodiment The constraint body opening stated, 13- both arms connecting rod described in embodiment 1,14- acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in embodiment 1, 15- basic model acoustic metamaterial plate described in embodiment 1,16- heat source room, the diathermanous room 17-, 18- heat source, 19- air inflow side To, the same surface density of 20- and with the conventional punch plate unit in onesize hole, the same surface density of 21- and there is same perforation The microperforated panel unit of rate, the 22- incidence operatic tunes, the 23- transmission operatic tunes, 24- acoustic impedance pipe sound source, 25- acoustic impedance pipe incidence sound pipe, 26- acoustic impedance pipe transmits sound pipe, 27- acoustic impedance pipe end sound absorption wedge, 28- microphone fixing terminal, 29- microphone, 30- survey Test agent, 31- incident acoustic wave, 32- light and thin type acoustic metamaterial edges of boards frame as described in example 2,33- are as described in example 2 whole Perforated flexible film is opened, 34- membrane pores as described in example 2,35- is as described in example 2 hole obligatory point, 2 institute of 36- embodiment The constraint body opening stated, 37- both arms connecting rod as described in example 2,38- acoustic metamaterial structural unit as described in example 2, The acoustic metamaterial edges of boards frame of the 39- unit described in embodiment 3 containing different parameters, 40- whole perforated flexible described in embodiment 3 Film, 41- membrane pores described in embodiment 3,42- is described in embodiment 3 hole obligatory point, 43- obligatory point described in embodiment 3 Hole, 44- both arms connecting rod described in embodiment 3,45- acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in embodiment 3,4 institute of 46- embodiment The acoustic metamaterial edges of boards frame containing oversized hole stated, 47- obligatory point oversized hole as described in example 4,4 institute of 48- embodiment The obligatory point containing small hole size stated, 49- obligatory point small hole size as described in example 4,50- both arms connection as described in example 4 Bar, 51- basic acoustic metamaterial structural unit as described in example 4,52- whole perforated flexible film as described in example 4, 53- film small hole size as described in example 4,54- film oversized hole as described in example 4,55- are as described in example 4 wide The frame of adopted acoustic metamaterial structural unit, 56- broad sense acoustic metamaterial structural unit as described in example 4 have hole constraint Body, the connecting rod of 57- broad sense acoustic metamaterial structural unit as described in example 4,58- broad sense acoustics as described in example 4 are super Material structure unit, the derivative a kind of broad sense acoustic metamaterial structural unit frame of 59- embodiment 4,60- embodiment 4 derive from A kind of broad sense acoustic metamaterial structural unit out has hole obligatory point, the super material of the derivative a kind of broad sense acoustics of 61- embodiment 4 Expect the constraint body opening of structural unit, the first form of the derivative a kind of broad sense acoustic metamaterial structural unit of 62- embodiment 4 Connecting rod, the perforated flexible film of the derivative a kind of broad sense acoustic metamaterial structural unit of 63- embodiment 4,64- embodiment The membrane pores of 4 derivative a kind of broad sense acoustic metamaterial structural units, the derivative a kind of broad sense acoustics of 65- embodiment 4 are super The connecting rod of second of form of material structure unit, round frame described in 66- embodiment 5, pact described in 67- embodiment 5 Obligatory point described in Shu Tikong, 68- embodiment 5, both arms connecting rod described in 69- embodiment 5, positive six described in 70- embodiment 5 Side shape frame, single armed connecting rod described in 71- embodiment 5, rectangular border described in 72- embodiment 5, described in 73- embodiment 6 Two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial structural unit frame, first layer perforated flexible film described in 74- embodiment 6,75- embodiment Second layer perforated flexible film described in 6, first layer perforated flexible membrane pores described in 76- embodiment 6, described in 77- embodiment 6 Second layer perforated flexible membrane pores, have hole obligatory point described in 78- embodiment 6, both arms connecting rod described in 79- embodiment 6, 80- cavity clearance, constraint body opening described in 81- embodiment 6, porous material described in 82- embodiment 6, described in 83- embodiment 6 Porous material hole, augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial structural unit frame described in 84- embodiment 7, described in 85- embodiment 7 First layer perforated flexible film, second layer perforated flexible film described in 86- embodiment 7, the second layer described in 87- embodiment 7 Perforated flexible membrane pores, the additional circular hole on second layer perforated flexible film described in 88- embodiment 7,7 institute of 89- embodiment The first layer perforated flexible membrane pores stated have hole obligatory point described in 90- embodiment 7, constraint body opening described in 91- embodiment 7, Both arms connecting rod described in 92- embodiment 7, the additional different shape on second layer perforated flexible film described in 93- embodiment 7 Different size of hole, flexible sheet described in 94- embodiment 7, acoustic metamaterial plate framework described in 95- embodiment 8,96- are real Apply the monolith perforated films of acoustic metamaterial plate described in example 8, general acoustics material described in 97- embodiment 8,98- embodiment 9 The monolith perforation of the first layer acoustic metamaterial plate framework, first layer acoustic metamaterial plate described in 99- embodiment 9 is thin Film, the frame of second layer acoustic metamaterial plate described in 100- embodiment 9, the super material of second layer acoustics described in 101- embodiment 9 The monolith perforated films of flitch, two layers of general acoustics material of 102- and its between the air gap, it is more described in 103- embodiment 9 Porous materials, curve form acoustic metamaterial basic unit described in 104- embodiment 10, wedge shape described in 105- embodiment 10 is even Fitting.

Specific embodiment

Implement the technical solution used to absolutely prove that the present invention solves technical problem.Below with reference to embodiment and attached Figure elaborates to invention, but technical solution of the present invention, the embodiment of technical solution and protection scope are not merely It is limited to this.

Acoustic metamaterial of the present invention generally refers to: it is a kind of microstructure of engineer, has nature general The acoustic characteristic that logical material cannot achieve, " negative mass ", " negative bulk modulus " characteristic as needed for control low-frequency sound wave etc., ability Domain thinks that acoustic metamaterial is a kind of structure type, and constituent material is still common material, and the acoustic metamaterial is this field Well known to technical staff.

The present invention provides a kind of ventilative and augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial structural unit that insulates against sound, the acoustic metamaterial Structural unit include frame, at least one have hole obligatory point and at least one side paving perforated flexible film.Described is multiple The directional combination splicing distribution in face of acoustic metamaterial structural unit forms acoustic metamaterial plate, preferably multiple super materials of acoustics Expect that composition size and the material parameter of structural unit are inconsistent.The acoustic metamaterial plate can be with general acoustics combination of materials Constitute acoustics composite construction.It is compound that the multilayer acoustic metamaterial plate can carry out vertical stack formation acoustic metamaterial outside face Plate, the composition size and material parameter of preferably multilayer acoustic metamaterial plate are inconsistent.

The frame with there is hole obligatory point to connect by rigid connecting rod, rigid connecting rod not limit shape and quantity, Perforated flexible film is covered on frame, and receives the profile constraint of hole obligatory point.Preferably, described to have hole obligatory point It is flushed at least one surface of frame.

The frame not limit shape, preferably rectangle, square or regular hexagon etc. can be in elemental area inner circumferential The shape of maximum area accounting is realized when phase array.

It is described to there is hole obligatory point to contact with the perforated flexible thin film wire or face contact；It is preferred that contacting the shape of formation It is the geometry of regular symmetric；More preferably the geometry is round, square or regular polygon.

Described has hole obligatory point not limit quantity.At least one porose obligatory point, the obligatory point are commonly positioned at When in frame without obligatory point near the amplitude maximum region of structural unit synchronous vibration mode.Such as: frame symmetrical geometry When generating first synchronous vibration mode without obligatory point structural unit, the amplitude of central area is maximum.The present invention uses and side The rigidly connected obligatory point of frame adjusts the bending stiffness of fexible film, and then changes the vibration frequency of integral unit.In other words, about The introducing of beam body can selectively inhibit and create the specific rank vibration mode of fexible film, increase acoustic metamaterial knot The design freedom of structure elemental area outside direction.

The shape in hole is the geometry of regular symmetric on the obligatory point, and preferably the geometry is circle, On the one hand considered based on craftsmanship, on the other hand the through-rate based on fluid considers.On the obligatory point hole neglect greatly it is logical Depending on the fluid flow and sound insulation working frequency range crossed.Such as the occasion more demanding to flow efficiency, the size in hole should be enough Greatly, so that reducing flow loss and pressure drop to the greatest extent influences；The occasion of low frequency is tended to sound insulation working frequency range, guarantee frame and Under the premise of the geometric dimension and material parameter of film are constant, small hole size makes sound insulation working frequency range be intended to low frequency.

The frame and there is hole obligatory point by aluminium, steel, timber, rubber, plastics, glass, cement, high molecular polymerization Object or complex fiber material are made, for meeting the structural rigidity requirements of structure selve support intensity and working frequency range.

The perforated flexible film can be the material of any appropriate softness, for example, rubber like elastic material or The high molecular polymerization of the metallic film of similar aluminium and aluminium alloy film, or similar polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and polyetherimide etc. Object thin-film material.

The perforated flexible film does not need to apply certain pretension with frame and when having hole obligatory point to connect, Assembly can be completed in fexible film under free extension state.Hole on fexible film can be pre-machined or paving it is good after Perforation processing is carried out again.

The acoustic metamaterial structural unit can be by changing the frame, obligatory point, constraint body opening, flexible thin The structure size or material parameter of film and flexible thin fenestra realize the careful design of working frequency, realize that the fluid of material passes through Rate is customizable with sound insulation working frequency range.Such as: when needing acoustic metamaterial cell operation in low-frequency range, select small lead to Hole uses large-sized frame, the obligatory point of minor diameter, thinner fexible film or the bending smaller flexibility of Young's modulus Film；Conversely, then selecting the side of big through-hole or use small size when needing acoustic metamaterial cell operation in high band Frame, the obligatory point of major diameter, thicker fexible film or the bigger fexible film of bending Young's modulus.

Acoustic metamaterial structural unit biggish for seal ring thickness, in order to make full use of the space of existing structure, and Preferably improve noise reduction effect.Described two side surfaces of frame can cover perforated flexible film, and the thickness of double-layer films Degree and material parameter can be different, so as to realize two different groundwork frequency ranges simultaneously.In addition, among double-layer films Fillable porous material, such as glass fibre cotton, closed-cell foam is opened, further promote integrally-built sound absorption energy-dissipating property.

The acoustic metamaterial structural unit, on the one hand the vibration by self structure under acoustic wave excitation improves hole two The heat diffusion rate of side medium；On the other hand, when there is fluid to pass through, the vibration of structural unit can hinder thermal boundary layer and The formation of velocity boundary layer can increase the fluid turbulent degree at the adherent place of heat source, to accelerate heat exchange efficiency.In addition, by Another side paving of one piece of acoustic metamaterial structural unit with multiple same size circular perforations, have multiple and different shapes The fexible film or multiple flexible membranes of shape and sized perforations further increase the turbulivity in neighbouring flow field.

Directional combination splicing can form acoustic metamaterial plate in the acoustic metamaterial structural unit face.It is super to constitute acoustics The acoustic metamaterial structural unit of plate of material, geometric dimension and material parameter do not limit strictly identical.The super material of the acoustics Material structural unit frame can be directly rigid or be flexibly connected, or is combined into the sound with certain curvature using Wedge-shape connector Metamaterial board is learned, the non-flat installation requirement faced directly in practical engineering application can be met.

The acoustic metamaterial plate and general acoustics combination of materials may make up acoustics composite construction.Wherein, described general Logical acoustical material can be porous material (such as glass fibre cotton or opening closed-cell foam), conventional punch plate or microperforated panel, damping Plate of material etc..The introducing of general acoustics material can widen the bandwidth of operation of primary sound metamaterial board to varying degrees.

The acoustic metamaterial plate face outside direction vertical stack as described in multilayer can form acoustic metamaterial composite plate.It is described more The geometric dimension and material parameter of layer acoustic metamaterial plate do not limit strictly identical.Between the multilayer acoustic metamaterial plate Gap can fill porous material, such as glass fibre cotton, open closed-cell foam, and adjacent two layers acoustic metamaterial plate is utilized to generate Near field wave roundtrip improves the acoustic density in the region, and then improves the sound absorption efficiency of porous material, therefore described porous The acoustic absorptivity of material itself is in low-frequency range without very big, and characteristic impedance matches as far as possible with the impedance of film, to avoid sound Wave can not be efficiently entering porous material, and consider that the porous material of filling influences film bends vibration rigidity bring, Correct the working frequency of the acoustic metamaterial structural unit of original design.

Description of specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is the specific embodiment of the present invention, is that array is formed in acoustic metamaterial structural unit and its face Basic model acoustic metamaterial plate, each not phase of the geometric dimension of the acoustic metamaterial structural unit (1) as array basic element Together, include frame (2) by each structural unit, there are hole obligatory point (3), have the both arms connecting rod (5) of hole obligatory point and frame even It connects.It is covered with perforated flexible film (6) in the upper surface of acoustic metamaterial structural unit, perforated flexible film (6) has thin Fenestra (7) has and is provided with constraint body opening (4) on hole obligatory point (3).

Fig. 2 is the basic model sound that array is formed in acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and its face Learn metamaterial board schematic diagram.Wherein, the geometric dimension as the acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14) of array basic element is complete It is identical, by the obligatory point (11) inside each unit, constrain body opening (12), both arms connecting rod (13) structure of obligatory point and frame At.For whole continuous perforated flexible film (9) under the conditions of not applying any pretension, free extension tiling is attached to frame (8) Side, the diameter in hole (10) is consistent with constraint body opening (12) on film.Wherein, the frame of acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14) It is square, a length of 27mm of inner edge, a length of 29mm in outside, with a thickness of 5mm；The outer profile diameter for having hole obligatory point (11) is 10mm, the diameter in hole 12 is 5mm on obligatory point；Perforated flexible film (9) with a thickness of 0.05mm, the diameter in hole 10 is also thereon 5mm；The both arms connecting rod (13) of obligatory point and frame is rectangular section, wide 4mm, high 3mm.Frame (8) has hole obligatory point (11) And the material of both arms connecting rod (13) is identical, is FR-4 glass fibre；The material of perforated flexible film (9) is polyetherimide Amine (Polyetherimide).

Fig. 3 is stabilization of the basic model acoustic metamaterial plate (15) in ventilating convection described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 State thermo parameters method finite element stimulation result.Wherein, it is defined as in limit element artificial module with white cylindrical body (18) Heat source (Heat Source), general power 10W, white arrow (19) are expressed as air intake direction, the initial temperature in the section Degree is set as 20 DEG C, and it further includes heat source room (16) and diathermanous room (17), two rooms in model that the mean flow rate of air, which is 0.2m/s, Other than the face where basic model acoustic metamaterial plate 15, lap is disposed as adiabatic wall.From result of finite element It is found that the maximum temperature in temperature field is 25 DEG C, the temperature in most of region shows 1 institute of embodiment all near room temperature (20 DEG C) The ventilation and heat performance for the basic model acoustic metamaterial plate stated is good, and heat will not accumulate in around heat source always.Therefore, exhausted Basic model acoustic metamaterial plate described in embodiment 1 is installed in one side of heat-seal cavity, and there is no heat dissipation obstacles.

Fig. 4 is acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14), same surface density described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and has same big The normal incidence of the microperforated panel unit (21) of the conventional punch plate unit (20) and the same punching rate of same surface density of aperture passes Acoustic loss (Sound Transmission Loss, be abbreviated as STL) finite element stimulation model schematic.Wherein, limited When Meta Model, the front and back side of three kinds of structural units is respectively arranged the incident operatic tunes (22) and the transmission operatic tunes (23), incident acoustic wave P_IFrom One end of the incident operatic tunes is got on structural unit, and reflected acoustic wave P is generated_RWith transmitted acoustic pulse P_T.The normal incidence of structural unit passes Acoustic loss then passes through STL=20log₁₀|P_I/P_T| it is calculated.In finite element model, same surface density and have same big The conventional punch plate unit (20) of aperture with a thickness of 1.2mm, material is 6063 grade aluminium alloys, bore dia 5mm.Same face The microperforated panel unit 21 of the same punching rate of density with a thickness of 1.2mm, material is 6063 grade aluminium alloys, the diameter of single hole For 1mm.The surface density of three kinds of structural units is 3.56kg/m², punching rate is 2.33%.

Fig. 5 is acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14), same surface density described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and has same big The normal incidence of the microperforated panel unit (21) of the conventional punch plate unit (20) and the same punching rate of same surface density of aperture passes Acoustic loss (Sound Transmission Loss, be abbreviated as STL) finite element stimulation comparative result figure.Wherein, solid line pair Answer acoustics metamaterial structure unit 14；Dotted line corresponds to same surface density and the conventional punch plate unit 20 with onesize hole； Dotted line corresponds to the microperforated panel unit (21) of the same punching rate of same surface density.It can be seen from the figure that in 680Hz or less frequency range, sound The normal incidence sound transmission loss for learning metamaterial structure unit (14) is higher than same surface density and commonly wearing with onesize hole Orifice plate unit (20)；In 880Hz or less frequency range, the normal incidence sound transmission loss of acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14) is higher than same Etc. the same punching rate of surface densities microperforated panel unit (21)；In addition, the normal incidence of acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14) passes There is an apparent spike in 440Hz in acoustic loss curve, and STL value reaches 17dB, and the corresponding STL value of the spike is higher than same Surface density and conventional punch plate unit (20) the about 14dB with onesize hole, it is micro- higher than the same punching rate of same surface density Perforate plate unit (21) about 15.4dB.In addition, it may also be seen that the microperforated panel list of the same punching rate of same surface density The sound insulation room performance of member 21 is worst, and reason is simple microperforated panel structure due to lacking back board structure, thus can not Helmholtz resonance sound absorber is formed, cannot achieve effective operatic tunes resonance friction energy-dissipating.

Fig. 6 is acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14) described in the embodiment of the present invention 1, same surface density and has same big The conventional punch plate unit (20) of aperture and the microperforated panel unit (21) of the same punching rate of same surface density are in 440Hz frequency sound Under the conditions of wave excitation, the FEM Numerical Simulation of incident cavity and the air particles directional velocity in transmission cavity.Wherein, Fig. 6 (a) result of acoustic metamaterial unit (14) described in corresponding embodiment 1；Fig. 6 (b) corresponds to same surface density and has same big The result of the conventional punch plate unit (20) of small through hole；The microperforated panel unit of the corresponding same same punching rate of surface density of Fig. 6 (c) (21) result.

Fig. 7 is the present invention according to ASTM (American Society Testing and Materials, American Society for Testing And Materials) standard E2611-09: " Standard test method for measurement of normal incidence sound transmission of acoustical materials based on the transfer Matrix method " is tested using the acoustic impedance pipe of the normal incidence sound transmission loss of four-microphone method test acoustical material sample System schematic.In figure, acoustic impedance pipe is made of incident sound pipe (25) and transmission sound pipe (26), in the end of incident sound pipe (25) It disposes sound source (24), the wideband white-noise excitation sound wave (31) generated has developed into wave before reaching test sample (30) The plane sound wave that preceding amplitude reaches unanimity；And dispose sufficiently long sound absorption wedge (27) with as far as possible in the end of transmission sound pipe (26) Reduce influence of the multiple reflections of sound wave to test result.In addition, be located at 30 two sides of test sample, open that there are four microphone is solid altogether Fixed end (28), interior Probe microphone (29) (model 4187, Br ü el&), be respectively in two-by-two incident sound pipe (25) and It transmits on sound pipe (26).The validity test frequency range of the test macro be 70Hz~890Hz, cover centre frequency be 80Hz~ The center line of the one third octave frequency range of 800Hz, the curve that insulates against sound in frequency other than the frequency band still can be more actually anti- The sound insulation for reflecting sample is horizontal.

Fig. 8 is basic model acoustic metamaterial plate sample described in the embodiment of the present invention 1, same surface density and has same big The normal incidence sound transmission loss of the microperforated panel sample of the conventional punch plate sample and same punching rate of same surface density of aperture is tried Test the comparison diagram of measurement result Yu finite element stimulation result.Wherein, Fig. 8 (a) is super for basic model acoustics described in embodiment 1 Material plate sample corresponds to result；Fig. 8 (b) is same surface density and the corresponding knot of conventional punch plate sample with onesize through-hole Fruit；Fig. 8 (c) is that the microperforated panel sample of the same punching rate of same surface density corresponds to result.

Fig. 9 is the super material of light and thin type acoustics that array is formed in 2 acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the embodiment of the present invention and its face Flitch schematic diagram.Wherein, the structure size as the acoustic metamaterial structural unit 38 of array basic element is identical, It is that the acoustic metamaterial structural unit (38) has hole obligatory point with the maximum difference place of embodiment 1 in structure type (35) the both arms connecting rod (37) used is connect with frame (32) to flush with the thickness of frame (32).Due to the acoustic metamaterial knot Structure unit does not consider further that the heavy face design of connecting rod (37), not only further simplifies processing complexity, and can will be whole The thickness of body acoustic metamaterial plate is accomplished thinner.

The frame of acoustic metamaterial structural unit (38) is square in the embodiment, a length of 35mm of inner edge, outline border (32) Width be 3mm, with a thickness of 1.5mm；The outer profile diameter for having hole obligatory point (35) is 12mm, and the diameter in hole 36 is on obligatory point 7mm；Whole continuous perforated flexible film (33), with a thickness of 0.05mm, under the conditions of not applying any pretension, free extension Tiling is attached to frame (32) side, and the diameter in hole (34) is consistent with the constraint diameter of body opening (36) on film, i.e. 7mm；Obligatory point (35) both arms connecting rod (37) used by just connecting with frame (32) is rectangular section, width 3mm, with a thickness of 1.5mm.Frame (32), there are hole obligatory point (35) and the material of both arms connecting rod (37) identical, be Q235A trade mark ordinary carbon steel；Perforation The material of fexible film is polyetherimide.The surface density of light and thin type acoustic metamaterial plate described in the embodiment is 4.20kg/ m², punching rate 3.48%.

Figure 10 is the examination of the normal incidence sound transmission loss of light and thin type acoustic metamaterial plate sample described in the embodiment of the present invention 2 Test amount is as a result, sample photo is located at right side, outside diameter 225mm in figure.

Figure 11 contains different ginsengs for what array in acoustic metamaterial structural unit and its face described in the embodiment of the present invention 3 was formed The acoustic metamaterial plate schematic diagram of counting unit.Wherein, the structure ruler as the acoustic metamaterial structural unit of array basic element Very little not exactly the same, the diameter in hole is different on the diameter and obligatory point of internal constraint body.With a certain acoustic metamaterial structure list For first (45), which has hole obligatory point (42) to connect the both arms company used with frame (39) Extension bar (44) is flushed with frame (39) thickness, structure type and light and thin type acoustic metamaterial structural unit 38 as described in example 2 It is similar.

Figure 12 is that the normal incidence of the acoustic metamaterial plate sample of the unit containing different parameters described in the embodiment of the present invention 3 passes The test measurement of acoustic loss is as a result, sample photo is located at right side, outside diameter 225mm in figure.

Figure 13 contains large scale for what array in acoustic metamaterial structural unit and its face described in the embodiment of the present invention 4 was formed The acoustic metamaterial plate schematic diagram in hole.

Figure 14 is the transaudient damage of normal incidence of the acoustic metamaterial plate sample containing oversized hole described in the embodiment of the present invention 4 Test measurement is lost as a result, sample photo is located at left side, outside diameter 225mm in figure.

Figure 15 is acoustic metamaterial structural unit schematic diagram of derivative two class of the embodiment of the present invention 4 containing oversized hole. Wherein, the obligatory point of the through-hole containing large scale in Figure 15 (a) is that the interior frame of corresponding unit in embodiment 4 only retains left and right two The connection of the frame of side and integral unit；The obligatory point of the through-hole containing large scale in Figure 15 (b) is then corresponding unit in embodiment 4 Interior frame retains four side of upper and lower, left and right and the frame of integral unit connects.

Figure 16 is the acoustic metamaterial structure that the embodiment of the present invention 5 has different structure form frame and obligatory point connecting rod Cellular construction schematic diagram.Wherein, the frame in Figure 16 (a) is circle, and obligatory point containing through-hole passes through both arms connecting rod and frame phase Even；Frame in Figure 16 (b) is regular hexagon, and obligatory point containing through-hole is connected by both arms connecting rod with frame；In Figure 16 (c) Frame is circle, and obligatory point containing through-hole is connected by single armed connecting rod with frame；Frame in Figure 16 (d) is regular hexagon, is contained Through-hole obligatory point is connected by single armed connecting rod with frame；Two originally adjacent square shaped cells are got through in Figure 16 (e), are made Obtaining frame becomes a rectangle structure, and two obligatory points containing through-hole pass through single armed connecting rod respectively and are connected with frame.

Figure 17 is the acoustic metamaterial knot described in the embodiment of the present invention 5 with round frame and single armed obligatory point connecting rod The normal incidence for the acoustic metamaterial plate sample that array is formed in structure unit (structure type is as shown in Figure 16 (c)) and its face is transaudient Lose test measurement result.

Figure 18 is two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial structural unit schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention 6, wherein 18 (a) are Unit sectional view；Figure 18 (b) is the explosive view of the unit.

On the basis of Figure 19 is the embodiment of the present invention 6 described in Figure 18, in the first perforated flexible film (74) and the The structural schematic diagram of gap filling porous material (82) between two perforated flexible films (75), wherein 19 (a) cut open for cell side View；Figure 19 (b) is the explosive view of the unit.

Figure 20 is the acoustics that array is formed in two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial structural unit face described in the embodiment of the present invention 6 The normal incidence sound transmission loss of the basic model acoustic metamaterial plate sample of metamaterial board sample and single side pad pasting described in embodiment 1 Test measurement comparative result figure.Wherein, empty circles represent the basic model acoustic metamaterial plate of single side pad pasting described in embodiment 1 The result of sample；Solid line represents the result of two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial plate sample described in embodiment 6.

Figure 22 is the first configuration schematic diagram in 7 augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the embodiment of the present invention.Its In another side paving perforated flexible film of one piece of acoustic metamaterial unit, thereon with multiple identical or different sizes Circular through hole is reinforced while not influencing the acoustic metamaterial unit sound insulation property by increasing perforation on fexible film The turbulivity in neighbouring flow field, wherein 22 (a) be unit isometric view；Figure 22 (b) is the explosive view of the unit.

Figure 23 is second of configuration schematic diagram in 7 augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the embodiment of the present invention.Its In another side paving perforated flexible film of one piece of acoustic metamaterial unit, thereon have multiple and different shapes with it is difference big Small through-hole, while not influencing the acoustic metamaterial unit sound insulation property, by worn on fexible film different shape and Different size of hole further increases the turbulivity in neighbouring flow field, wherein 23 (a) be unit isometric view；Figure 23 (b) is should The explosive view of unit.

Figure 24 is the third configuration schematic diagram in 7 augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the embodiment of the present invention.Its Multiple flexible sheets are posted in another side of one piece of acoustic metamaterial unit, are not influencing acoustic metamaterial unit sound insulation While performance, by flexible sheet incident acoustic wave excitation under generate be oscillated or vibrated increase near flow field turbulivity or Fluid velocity, wherein 24 (a) be unit isometric view；Figure 24 (b) is the explosive view of the unit.

Figure 25 is battle array in the augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial structural unit face of the first configuration described in the embodiment of the present invention 7 On the right side of the normal incidence sound transmission loss test measurement of the acoustic metamaterial plate sample formed being arranged as a result, sample photo is located in figure, Its outside diameter is 225mm.

Figure 26 is that the acoustics that acoustic metamaterial plate and general acoustics combination of materials described in the embodiment of the present invention 8 are constituted is compound The schematic diagram of structure.It is to put in acoustic metamaterial plate (comprising frame 95 and perforated flexible film 96) towards incident sound source side It sets general acoustics material (97), including porous material (such as glass fibre cotton or opening closed-cell foam), conventional punch plate or micropunch Plate, damping material etc..The introducing of general acoustics material can widen the bandwidth of operation of primary sound metamaterial board to varying degrees.

Figure 27 is that acoustic metamaterial plate described in the embodiment of the present invention 8 combines the acoustics composite construction constituted with porous material The normal incidence sound transmission loss test measurement of sample is as a result, sample photo is located at right side, outside diameter 225mm in figure.Its In, the acoustic metamaterial plate is basic model acoustic metamaterial plate described in embodiment 1, and structural parameters and material constitute same Fig. 8 (a) is described, and used general acoustics material is glass fibre cotton, and with a thickness of 10mm, nominal flow resistivity is 19000Nsm^-4.It can be seen from the figure that compared to basic model acoustic metamaterial plate, acoustics composite construction sample described in the embodiment Normal incidence sound transmission loss outer near the corresponding 440Hz frequency range of STL spike different degrees of is higher than basic model acoustics removing Metamaterial board, especially the medium-high frequency section on the right side of the STL spike；And near the corresponding 440Hz frequency range of STL spike, the reality The STL value for applying acoustics composite construction sample described in example is slightly below basic model acoustic metamaterial plate, this is because glass fibre cotton Structural damping of the introducing equivalent to increase original basic model acoustic metamaterial plate, and the effect of structural damping is mainly reflected in Amplitude at gentle resonance frequency and anti-resonance frequency.

Acoustic metamaterial structural unit mentioned above, thicker for frame can continue paving in its another side One layer of perforated flexible film, and porous material is filled inside double-layer films, continue to mention while making full use of inner space The acoustical behavior of high entirety acoustic metamaterial.And the acoustic metamaterial structural unit relatively thin for frame, if in another side Equally one layer of perforated flexible film of paving again, space inside double-layer films is very narrow can not to fill porous material, and Double-layer films closely generated strong near-field coupling due to mutually leaning on, and destroyed one layer of fexible film acoustic metamaterial structure originally instead The operating condition of unit, causes sound insulation effect to be deteriorated.At this point it is possible to consider the acoustic metamaterial structure list of muti-piece thin layer frame Vertical stack outside first face forms two or more layers acoustic metamaterial composite plate.

Figure 28 is to pull open the acoustics constituted after a fixed spacing among two layers of acoustic metamaterial plate described in the embodiment of the present invention 9 Metamaterial composite plate schematic diagram.

Figure 30 is that the normal incidence sound transmission loss of the compound plate sample of acoustic metamaterial described in the embodiment of the present invention 9 tests survey Amount is as a result, sample photo is located at left side, outside diameter 225mm, by two block structures and the identical acoustics of material parameter in figure Clamping glass fibre cotton is constituted among metamaterial board.

Figure 31 is curve form acoustic metamaterial plate schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention 10.It is single of the present invention Acoustic metamaterial structural unit (104) is combined into the acoustic metamaterial plate with certain curvature by Wedge-shape connector (105).It should Embodiment is especially suitable for the shell or mounting structure required with certain curvature.

Embodiment

Below in the embodiment of the present invention measuring method and material source be illustrated.

Under the conditions of ventilating convection, the stable state thermo parameters method finite element stimulation method of acoustic metamaterial plate: it is based on Laminar flow Conjugate Heat Transfer steady-state analysis module (the Laminar Flow of commercial finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2 Conjugate Heat Transfer Interface, Stationary) establish the Conjugate Heat Transfer finite element of acoustic metamaterial plate Simulation Calculation.The simulation model include by acoustic metamaterial board group at " solid heat transfer physical field ", incident and transmission it is empty " the fluid heat transferring physical field " and " laminar flow physical field " that chamber is constituted.Heat source is set in incident cavity, and defines heat source (Heat Source) general power, incident cavity are also known as " heat source room ".Incident cavity side is set as air intake, and in the section The laminar flow mean flow rate for setting initial temperature and air is set as air outlet slit in transmission cavity side, and transmission cavity is also known as " diathermanous room ".Other than placing the face of acoustic metamaterial plate, lap is disposed as adiabatic wall for two rooms.Later, Carry out stable state solution using the stable state solver built in software recycles the post-processing module of software to carry out after the completion of solution The visualization of thermo parameters method.

The finite element stimulation method of the normal incidence sound transmission loss of acoustic construction unit: based on commercial finite element software Admittedly the sound of COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2-coupling frequency-domain analysis module (Acoustic-Solid Interaction, Frequency Domain Interface) establish the finite element stimulation model of acoustic construction unit.The simulation model packet " the pressure sound physical properties field " that " the Solid Mechanics physical field " being made of three kinds of structural units and the incident and transmission operatic tunes are constituted is included, Two physics field areas are intercoupled association by sound-liquid/solid interface condition of continuity.The boundary condition of unit is defined as Floquet Periodic boundary condition is to simulate the mounting condition of practical overall structure unit.It is plane sound in incident operatic tunes setting incident acoustic wave Wave (20~1000Hz frequency range, sweeping steps 10Hz), after which passes through incident operatic tunes vertical drive structural unit, one Part sound energy reflection, another part sound can be transmitted into the transmission operatic tunes, and the pressure magnitude calculating method of transmitted wave is involved according to incidence To incident sound transmission loss (Sound Transmission Loss, be abbreviated as STL):

STL=20log₁₀|P_I/P_T|

In formula, P_IFor incident sound pressure amplitude, P_TTo transmit sound pressure amplitude, the two can pass through the post-processing mould of COMSOL software Block directly acquires.

The testing method of acoustic impedance pipe sample normal incidence sound transmission loss: according to ASTM, (U.S. material and test are assisted Meeting, American Society for Testing and Materials) standard E2611-09: " Standard test method for measurement of normal incidence sound transmission of acoustical Materials based on the transfer matrix method " is tested in acoustic impedance pipe using four-microphone method The oise insulation factor of acoustical material sample.

FR-4 glass fibre, 6063 grade aluminium alloys used in following embodiments, Q235A ordinary carbon steel, polychlorostyrene second The materials such as the high molecular polymers such as alkene film, polyethylene film, polyetherimde films are commercially available be commercially available.

The preparation and performance measurement of 1 basic model acoustic metamaterial plate of embodiment

2-8 illustrates the preparation and performance measurement of basic model acoustic metamaterial plate with reference to the accompanying drawing.

1. the preparation of basic model acoustic metamaterial plate sample

The frame (8) that width as shown in Figure 2 is 2mm is made by milling using FR-4 glass fibre, which includes A series of acoustic metamaterial structural units (14) with same geometry, each unit are square, and inner edge is a length of 27mm, a length of 29mm in outside, with a thickness of 5mm；Same be made using FR-4 glass fibre as shown in Figure 2 has hole obligatory point (11), frame (8) are rigidly connected with there are hole obligatory point (11) by both arms connecting rod (13), the specific connection type of the two is It is integrally formed (being milled into), wherein there is hole obligatory point, (13 outer profile diameter is 10mm, and the diameter of hole (12) is thereon 5mm, the both arms connecting rod (13) that obligatory point (11) and frame (8) have just been connected are rectangular section, width 4mm, with a thickness of 3mm.Monolith is attached to frame (8) Ji Youkong obligatory point with a thickness of perforated flexible film (9) the natural extended state lower berth of 0.05mm (11) side, the diameter of hole (12) is similarly 5mm thereon, and corresponds with hole on obligatory point (12).

When actually carrying out preparation manipulation, the case where can not being corresponded very well in order to avoid the hole of two structures, perforate soft Property film (9) on hole (10) can after perforated flexible film (9) paving is good, then using drilling, punching, scratch the modes such as digging into Eleven punch 11 operation.The material of perforated flexible film (9) is polyetherimide film, and paving mode is gluing.Finally just obtain Basic model acoustic metamaterial plate sample as shown in Figure 2.

2. the performance simulation of basic model acoustic metamaterial plate sample

Fig. 3 is stabilization of the basic model acoustic metamaterial plate (15) in ventilating convection described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 State thermo parameters method finite element stimulation result.Wherein, it is defined as in limit element artificial module with white cylindrical body (18) Heat source, general power 10W, white arrow (19) are expressed as air intake direction, and the initial temperature in the section is set as 20 DEG C, The mean flow rate of air is 0.2m/s, further includes heat source room (16) and diathermanous room (17) in model, and two rooms are basic in addition to placing Except the face of type acoustic metamaterial plate (15), lap is disposed as adiabatic wall.From result of finite element it is found that temperature field In maximum temperature be 25 DEG C, the temperature in most of region all near room temperature (20 DEG C), shows basic model described in embodiment 1 The ventilation and heat performance of acoustic metamaterial plate is good, and heat will not gather always around lower heat source.Therefore, in insulation closed cavity A side basic model acoustic metamaterial plate described in embodiment 1 is installed there is no heat dissipation obstacles.

Lengthy and jumbled degree is calculated in order to reduce, in the normal incidence sound transmission loss for calculating acoustic metamaterial plate described in embodiment 1 Finite element model in, only with an acoustic metamaterial structural unit, set the boundary condition of the unit to Floquet weeks Phase property boundary condition simulates the boundary installation situation of monolith acoustic metamaterial plate with this.As shown in figure 4, in finite element modeling When, the front and back side of acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14) is respectively arranged the incident operatic tunes (11) and the transmission operatic tunes (12), and two The end face of the operatic tunes is disposed as sound absorption boundary, and the multiple reflections of sound wave is avoided to influence calculated result.Incident acoustic wave P_IFrom incidence One end of the operatic tunes (11) is got on structural unit, and reflected acoustic wave P is generated_RWith transmitted acoustic pulse P_T.The normal incidence of structural unit passes Acoustic loss then passes through STL=20log₁₀|P_I/P_T| it is calculated.

3. the performance test of basic model acoustic metamaterial plate sample

According to the E2611-09 standard that ASTM is promulgated, the normal direction using four-microphone method test acoustic metamaterial plate sample enters Sound transmission loss is penetrated, the schematic diagram of test macro is as shown in Figure 7.Acoustic impedance pipe in the test macro is by incident sound pipe (25) and thoroughly Sound pipe (26) composition is penetrated, disposes sound source (24) in the end of incident sound pipe (25), the wideband white-noise excitation sound wave generated (31) plane sound wave that wavefront amplitude reaches unanimity is had developed into before reaching test sample (30), vertically gets to test specimens The front surface of product 30；And dispose sufficiently long sound absorption wedge (27) to reduce the multiple of sound wave to the greatest extent in the end of transmission sound pipe 26 Reflect the influence to test result.In addition, being located at test sample (30) two sides, opened altogether there are four microphone fixing terminal (28), Its interior Probe microphone (29) (model 4187, Br ü el&), it is respectively in incident sound pipe (25) and transmission sound pipe (26) two-by-two On.The acoustic pressure frequency spectrum that is measured by four microphones simultaneously makees transmission function, and acoustic metamaterial plate sample is finally calculated Normal incidence sound transmission loss.The validity test frequency range of the test macro be 70Hz~890Hz, cover centre frequency be 80Hz~ The center line of the one third octave frequency range of 800Hz, the curve that insulates against sound in frequency other than the frequency band still can be more actually anti- The sound insulation for reflecting sample is horizontal.Therefore, it is limited to 1600Hz in the frequency range that sample sound insulation measurement result provides, it still can be authentic and valid Reflect the oise insulation factor of sample.

4. the comparison with the prior art

Here main contrast's basic model acoustic metamaterial plate described in embodiment 1 punching rate same as same surface density is general The normal incidence sound transmission loss of logical perforated plate and microperforated panel.Referring to Fig. 4, wherein same surface density and with onesize hole Conventional punch plate unit 20 with a thickness of 1.2mm, material is 6063 grade aluminium alloys, bore dia 5mm；Same surface density is same The microperforated panel unit (21) of punching rate with a thickness of 1.2mm, material is similarly 6063 grade aluminium alloys, the diameter of single hole For 1mm.The surface density of three kinds of structural units is 3.56kg/m², punching rate is 2.33%.

Fig. 5 is the comparison diagram of the finite element stimulation result of three kinds of structural units.Wherein, solid line corresponds to acoustic metamaterial Structural unit (14)；Dotted line corresponds to same surface density and the conventional punch plate unit (20) with onesize hole；Dotted line is corresponding The microperforated panel unit (21) of the same punching rate of same surface density.It can be seen from the figure that in 680Hz or less frequency range, acoustic metamaterial The normal incidence sound transmission loss of structural unit (14) is higher than same surface density and the conventional punch plate unit with onesize hole (20)；In 880Hz or less frequency range, the normal incidence sound transmission loss of acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14) is higher than same surface density The microperforated panel unit (21) of same punching rate；In addition, the normal incidence sound transmission loss of acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14) is bent There is an apparent spike in 440Hz in line, and STL value reaches 17dB, the corresponding STL value of the spike be higher than same surface density and Conventional punch plate unit (20) about 14dB with onesize hole, higher than the microperforated panel list of the same punching rate of same surface density Member (21) about 15.4dB.In addition, it may also be seen that the microperforated panel unit (21) of the same same punching rate of surface density Sound insulation room performance is worst, this with it lacks back board structure, and can not to form helmholtz resonance sound absorber directly related.

In order to verify the correctness of built finite element model, Fig. 8 gives acoustic metamaterial described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 The test of the normal incidence sound transmission loss of plate sample and same surface density and the conventional punch plate sample with onesize hole is surveyed Amount as a result, and the finite element stimulation result in the result and Fig. 5 comparison.Wherein Fig. 8 (a) is described in embodiment 1 Basic model acoustic metamaterial plate sample is corresponding as a result, solid line corresponds to finite element simulation result, and the corresponding test of empty circles is surveyed Test result, the sample back side and full face are located at figure middle left and right side, and outside diameter 225mm is complete comprising more than 40 Acoustic metamaterial structural unit, in the installation Boundary Condition Effect for eliminating integral slab to a certain degree.It can from STL spectrogram Know, in 100Hz~1000Hz frequency range, the degree of agreement of the two is preferable, spike occurs in 440Hz, and illustrate to be established has Limit meta-model is believed enough in terms of the sound insulation characteristics of analytical acoustics metamaterial structure unit；Fig. 8 (b) is same surface density and tool Having the conventional punch plate sample in onesize hole, (geometric dimension and material parameter are corresponding with described in Fig. 3 20 as a result, dotted line pair Finite element simulation result is answered, solid circles correspond to experimental test result, and sample photo is located at left side, outside diameter in figure For 225mm.In 100Hz~1000Hz frequency range, the degree of agreement of the two is preferable, illustrates that established finite element model is being analyzed Believe enough in terms of the sound insulation characteristics of conventional punch plate structural unit.Fig. 8 (c) is the micropunch of the same punching rate of same surface density Plate sample (geometric dimension and material parameter are with described in Fig. 4 21) is corresponding as a result, dotted line corresponds to finite element simulation result, Hollow upper trigonometric curve corresponds to experimental test result, and sample photo is located at left side, outside diameter 225mm in figure.In 100Hz In~1000Hz frequency range, the degree of agreement of the two is preferable, illustrates established finite element model in analysis microperforated panel structure list Believe enough in terms of the sound insulation characteristics of member.The test measurement result of three samples and the comparative situation of finite element stimulation result Demonstrate the correctness and validity of established limit element artificial module.

5. working mechanism is analyzed

Basic model acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14), same surface density described in the present embodiment and have onesize hole Conventional punch plate unit (20) and the same punching rate of same surface density microperforated panel unit (21) 440Hz frequency sound waves swash Under the conditions of encouraging, the FEM Numerical Simulation of incident cavity and the air particles directional velocity in transmission cavity is as shown in Figure 6.Its In, the result of acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14) described in Fig. 6 (a) corresponding embodiment 1；The corresponding same surface density of Fig. 6 (b) and The result of conventional punch plate unit (20) with onesize hole；Micro- the wearing of the corresponding same same punching rate of surface density of Fig. 6 (c) The result of orifice plate unit (21).The black block arrow in left side indicates the incident direction of sound wave in figure, which is plane sound wave, i.e., The wavefront amplitude of sound wave is consistent, and 1Pa size is set as in simulation model.The thin arrow of black indicates the speed side of air particles To.It can be seen from the figure that the acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14) in Fig. 6 (a) under the acoustic wave excitation of 440Hz frequency, nearby goes out Apparent air particles velocity vortex is showed, the portion vertical or even reversed with incident acoustic wave direction occurs in the direction of air particles Point；It is different, the same surface density in Fig. 6 (b) and the conventional punch plate unit (20) and Fig. 6 with onesize hole (c) for the microperforated panel unit (21) of the same punching rate of same surface density under the acoustic wave excitation of 440Hz frequency, two sides are empty Gas particle direction is consistent, and identical as incident acoustic wave direction.In contrast, intuitively it is seen that air particles generated There is the normal incidence sound transmission loss curve of the corresponding acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14) of the incident frequencies in velocity vortex Spike (in conjunction with Fig. 5).Its Physical Mechanism: under the frequency, acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14) produces non-perforated areas Fexible film and frame and obligatory point reverse phase vibration mode so that the corresponding sound field in the region with by hole on obligatory point and It the continuous sound-field reverse phase of flexible thin fenestra and is substantially balanced out, so that the sound pressure amplitude of transmission cavity tends to small value, in emulation Minimum value only 0.0323Pa.And the acoustic pressure in incident cavity reaches through the part rebound of acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14) The maximum value of 1.84Pa differs 1.8077Pa with minimum value.And equally under the acoustic wave excitation of 440Hz frequency, remaining two kinds knots Structure unit is nearby without generating similar air particles velocity vortex therewith, overall structure unit simultaneous movements, so that nearby Air particles move in the same direction, and the absolute value of the sound pressure amplitude of incident cavity and transmission cavity inside is not much different.Reflect normal direction Just without spike outstanding on the curve of incident sound transmission loss, magnitude is also not so good as acoustic metamaterial structural unit (14).

The preparation and performance measurement of 2 light and thin type acoustic metamaterial plate of embodiment

1. the preparation of light and thin type acoustic metamaterial plate sample

As shown in figure 9, be cut by laser using Q235A trade mark ordinary carbon steel be made width be 3mm, with a thickness of The frame (32) of 1.5mm, the frame include a series of acoustic metamaterial structural units (38) with same geometry, each Unit is square, a length of 35mm of inner edge；It is equally cut by laser using Q235A trade mark ordinary carbon steel and is formed with hole about Beam body (35) by frame (32) and has hole obligatory point (35) to be rigidly connected by both arms connecting rod (37), the specific connection of the two Mode is integrally formed, wherein the outer profile diameter for having hole obligatory point (35) is 12mm, the diameter in hole 36 is 7mm thereon, will about The both arms connecting rod (37) that beam body (35) and frame (32) have just connected is rectangular section, width 3mm, with a thickness of 1.5mm.Monolith Frame (32) Ji Youkong obligatory point (35) is attached in natural extended state lower berth with a thickness of the perforated flexible film (33) of 0.05mm Side, the diameter of hole (34) is similarly 7mm thereon, and corresponds with the hole (36) on obligatory point (35).In order to avoid two knots The case where hole of structure can not correspond very well, the hole (34) on perforated flexible film (33) can be in perforated flexible film (33) After paving is good, then the modes such as drilling, punching, stingy digging is used to carry out perforation procedure.The material of perforated flexible film (33) is polyethers Imide membrane, paving mode are gluing.Light and thin type acoustic metamaterial plate sample as shown in Figure 9 is just finally obtained, It is in structure type with the maximum difference place of basic model acoustic metamaterial plate described in embodiment 1, the super material of light and thin type acoustics Material structural unit (38) has hole obligatory point (35) to connect the both arms connecting rod (37) used and frame (32) thickness with frame (32) Degree flushes.Since the acoustic metamaterial structural unit does not consider further that the heavy face design of connecting rod (37), not only further simplify Complexity is processed, and the thickness of whole acoustic metamaterial plate can be accomplished thinner.The super material of acoustics described in the embodiment The surface density of flitch is 4.20kg/m², punching rate 3.48%.

2. the performance test of light and thin type acoustic metamaterial plate sample

Figure 10 show the normal incidence sound transmission loss of light and thin type acoustic metamaterial plate sample described in the embodiment of the present invention 2 Test measurement as a result, sample photo is located in figure right side, outside diameter 225mm, comprising 21 super materials of complete acoustics Expect structural unit.It can be seen from the figure that occurring spike at 400Hz, corresponding STL value reaches about 17dB.The acoustic metamaterial plate sample Frequency range of the STL value higher than 6dB or more is 300Hz~520Hz in the normal incidence sound transmission loss frequency spectrum of product.

The preparation and performance measurement of the acoustic metamaterial plate of 3 unit containing different parameters of embodiment

1. the preparation of the acoustic metamaterial plate of the unit containing different parameters

The structural representation of the acoustic metamaterial plate described in embodiment 3 formed by array combination in different parameters elemental area is such as Shown in Figure 11, the structure size of the acoustic metamaterial structural unit as array basic element is not exactly the same, inside have The diameter in hole is different on the diameter and obligatory point of hole obligatory point.By taking a certain acoustic metamaterial structural unit (45) as an example, the acoustics Metamaterial structure unit has hole obligatory point (42) to connect the both arms connecting rod (44) used and frame (39) thickness with frame (39) Degree flushes, and structure type is similar with light and thin type acoustic metamaterial structural unit (38) as described in example 2.Contain in the embodiment The acoustic metamaterial structural unit of four kinds of different dimensional parameters, the frame of every piece of acoustic metamaterial structural unit are square, Interior side length is 35mm, and the width of outline border (35) is 3mm, with a thickness of 1.5mm；Having the outer profile diameter of hole obligatory point (42) has four Kind size, it is ascending to be followed successively by 5mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm；The diameter of hole (43) is there are three types of size on obligatory point, by it is small to It is followed successively by 3mm, 5mm, 10mm greatly；Whole continuous perforated flexible film (40) is not applying any pre- with a thickness of 0.05mm Under the conditions of power, free extension tiling is attached to frame (39) side, the diameter of the diameter in hole (41) and constraint body opening (43) on film It is corresponding consistent；Both arms connecting rod (44) is rectangular section, width 3mm, with a thickness of 1.5mm.Frame (39) has hole obligatory point (42) and the material of both arms connecting rod (44) is identical, is Q235A trade mark ordinary carbon steel；The material of perforated flexible film is Polyetherimide.The surface density of acoustic metamaterial plate described in the embodiment is 4.40kg/m², punching rate 3.22%.

2. the performance test of the acoustic metamaterial plate of the unit containing different parameters

Figure 12 be the embodiment of the present invention 3 described in by array combination in different parameters elemental area at acoustic metamaterial plate sample The test measurement of the normal incidence sound transmission loss of product is as a result, sample photo is located at right side in figure, outside diameter 225mm, packet Containing 21 complete acoustic metamaterial structural units.It can be seen from the figure that occurring spike at 430Hz, corresponding STL value reaches about 21dB.Frequency range of the STL value higher than 6dB or more is 210Hz in the normal incidence sound transmission loss frequency spectrum of the acoustic metamaterial plate sample ~600Hz, bandwidth 400Hz.This is because using various sizes of obligatory point in different acoustic metamaterial structural units With the hole on obligatory point, multiple STL spikes are produced, to significantly widen working band.

In broad sense acoustic metamaterial structural unit and its face of the embodiment 4 containing oversized hole array combination at the super material of acoustics The preparation and performance measurement of flitch

1. the preparation of the acoustic metamaterial plate containing oversized hole

As shown in figure 13, which is that direction cyclic array is formed in face by acoustic metamaterial structural unit (51) After acoustic metamaterial plate, being removed in a block structure unit in each 3 × 3 cell array cluster has hole obligatory point (48) and double Arm connecting rod (50), becomes oversized hole (47), thus just forms a kind of more broadly acoustic metamaterial structural unit (58).The broad sense acoustic metamaterial structural unit (58) includes frame (55), containing oversized hole (47) obligatory point (56) and Connecting rod (57).Have the hole there are two types of size, i.e. small hole size (53) and oversized hole (54) on perforated flexible film (52).

The frame of acoustic metamaterial structural unit (51) is square in the embodiment, a length of 35mm of inner edge, outline border (46) Width be 3mm, with a thickness of 1.5mm；The outer profile diameter for having hole obligatory point (48) is 8mm, the diameter in hole (49) on obligatory point For 3mm；Whole continuous perforated flexible film (52) under the conditions of not applying any pretension, is freely stretched with a thickness of 0.05mm Flatten the diameter one of paving small hole size (49) on the diameter and obligatory point of small hole size (53) on frame (46) side, film It causes, i.e. 3mm；The side length of oversized hole (54) is consistent with the side length of oversized hole on obligatory point (47) on film, i.e. 35mm；Constraint Both arms connecting rod (50) used by body (48) and frame (46) just connect is rectangular section, width 3mm, with a thickness of 1.5mm.Side Frame (46) has hole obligatory point (48) and the material of both arms connecting rod (49) identical, is Q235A trade mark ordinary carbon steel；It wears The material of hole fexible film is polyetherimide.The surface density of acoustic metamaterial plate described in the embodiment containing oversized hole is 3.66kg/m², punching rate 21.70%.

2. the performance test of the acoustic metamaterial plate containing oversized hole

Figure 14 is the transaudient damage of normal incidence of the acoustic metamaterial plate sample containing oversized hole described in the embodiment of the present invention 4 Test measurement is lost as a result, sample photo is located at right side, outside diameter 225mm in figure.It can be seen from the figure that occurring at 950Hz Spike, corresponding STL value reaches about 23dB at spike.Compared to Examples 1 to 3, acoustic metamaterial plate described in the embodiment Effective working frequency of sample appears in higher frequency section, and bandwidth is also obviously not so good as Examples 1 to 3.Nevertheless, the implementation The punching rate of acoustic metamaterial plate sample described in example has but reached surprising 21.70%, this is very beneficial for the freedom of fluid Pass through.

3. the derived type of the broad sense acoustic metamaterial structural unit containing oversized hole

On the basis of the configuration, the acoustic metamaterial building unit structures of two class oversized holes are derived, such as Figure 15 institute Show.Wherein the obligatory point (60) described in Figure 15 (a) containing oversized hole (61) is the super material of broad sense acoustics described in embodiment 4 The connecting rod (57) of material structural unit (58) only retains the frame that left and right both sides form new connecting rod (62) and integral unit (59) it is connected；Contain the obligatory point 60 of oversized hole (61) described in Figure 15 (b)) it is then broad sense acoustics described in embodiment 4 The connecting rod (57) of metamaterial structure unit (58) retains the connecting rod (65) and integral unit of upper and lower, left and right quadrangle Cheng Xin Frame (59) be connected.

Array combination in the acoustic metamaterial structural unit and its face of 5 other shapes frame of embodiment and obligatory point connecting rod At acoustic metamaterial plate preparation and performance measurement

1. the acoustic metamaterial structural unit configuration of other shapes frame and obligatory point connecting rod

Figure 16 is the super material of acoustics described in the embodiment of the present invention 5 with different structure form frame and obligatory point connecting rod Expect building unit structures schematic diagram, wherein the frame in Figure 16 (a) (66) is circle, has the obligatory point (68) of hole (67) to pass through double (66 are connected arm connecting rod (69) with frame；Frame (70) in Figure 16 (b) is regular hexagon, there is the obligatory point (68) of hole (67) It is connected by both arms connecting rod (69) with frame (70)；Frame (66) in Figure 16 (c) is circle, there is the obligatory point of hole (67) (68 are connected by single armed connecting rod (71) with frame (66)；Frame (70) in Figure 16 (d) is regular hexagon, there is hole (67) Obligatory point (68) is connected by single armed connecting rod (71) with frame (70)；It is in Figure 16 (e) that two originally adjacent squares are single Member is got through, so that (72 become a rectangle structure to frame, and described two have the obligatory point (68) of hole (67) to pass through list respectively Arm connecting rod (71) is connected with frame (72).It is worth noting that be particluarly suitable for frame size smaller for single armed connecting rod (71) In the case where use, the weight of entire unit is further decreased under the premise of guaranteeing the coupling stiffness of frame and obligatory point.

2. the preparation and performance test of round frame and the acoustic metamaterial plate of single armed obligatory point connecting rod

There is the acoustic metamaterial structural unit of round frame and single armed obligatory point connecting rod, side described in embodiment 5 The internal diameter 30mm of frame (66), with a thickness of 5mm；The outer profile diameter for having hole obligatory point (68) is 10mm, hole (67) on obligatory point Diameter is 5mm；Whole continuously with a thickness of 0.05mm perforated flexible film under the conditions of not applying any pretension, free extension Tiling is attached to frame (66) side, and the diameter of membrane pores is consistent with the constraint diameter of body opening (67), i.e. 5mm；Obligatory point (68) with Single armed connecting rod (71) used by frame (66) just connects is rectangular section, width 3mm, with a thickness of 5mm.Frame (66) has Hole obligatory point (68) and the material of single armed connecting rod (71) are identical, are FR-4 glass fibre；The material of perforated flexible film For polyethylene.The surface density of acoustic metamaterial plate described in the embodiment is 4.57kg/m², punching rate 2.78%.

Figure 17 is the acoustic metamaterial knot described in the embodiment of the present invention 5 with round frame and single armed obligatory point connecting rod The normal incidence for the acoustic metamaterial plate sample that array is formed in structure unit (structure type is as shown in Figure 16 (c)) and its face is transaudient Lose test measurement result.As can be seen from Figure 17, occurring apparent spike at 630Hz, peak value reaches about 30dB, Frequency range of the STL value greater than 6dB is in 300Hz~900Hz.

In the two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial structural unit of embodiment 6 and its face array combination at acoustic metamaterial plate system Standby and performance measurement

1. the preparation of two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial plate

Figure 18 is two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial structural unit schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention 6, wherein 18 (a) are Unit sectional view；Figure 18 (b) is the explosive view of the unit.It is in two sides of same acoustic metamaterial structural unit The first perforated flexible film (74) and the second perforated flexible film (75) are posted respectively.The first perforated flexible film (74) On hole (76), on the hole (77) on the second perforated flexible film (75) and obligatory point (78) hole (81), the diameter phase of three Together.The embodiment is particluarly suitable in the thicker situation of thickness of frame (73), can not only make full use of the another of frame (73) A surface, and one layer of vibration unit is formd again.A variety of vibration modes may be implemented in two layers of vibration unit being consequently formed Stack combinations carry out significantly more efficient isolation to sound wave.Acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in the embodiment is to implement 1 institute On the basis of the basic model acoustic metamaterial structural unit stated, in another side paving the second perforated flexible film (75).It should The material of second perforated flexible film (75) used by embodiment is polyvinyl chloride, with a thickness of 0.038mm, the embodiment other The geometric parameter and material of constitution element are constituted with embodiment 1.

On the basis of Figure 19 is the embodiment of the present invention 6 described in Figure 18, in the first perforated flexible film (74) and the The structural schematic diagram of gap filling porous material (82) between two perforated flexible films (75), wherein 19 (a) cut open for cell side View；Figure 19 (b) is the explosive view of the unit.The porous material (82) of filling can be glass fibre cotton, open closed-cell foam Equal materials, can not only make full use of the cavity clearance between two layers of perforated films, but also can be to whole acoustic metamaterial knot Structure unit enhances with apparent acoustical behavior.When double-layer films mutually close to when so that decaying wave rebounds back and forth between two films Strong coupling is generated, the acoustic pressure between two films sharply increases, and acoustic density increases, the porous material of thin layer is even filled, this When its sound absorption efficiency will also be significantly increased, thus under the premise of not increasing the thickness and weight of acoustic metamaterial structural unit substantially Transmission sound energy is reduced, better noise reduction effect is received.It is worth noting that, filling porous material (82) characteristic impedance with it is thin The impedance of film should match as far as possible, to avoid sound wave that from can not being efficiently entering porous material, and consider the porous material of filling Film bends vibration rigidity bring in two sides is influenced, the working frequency of the acoustic metamaterial structural unit of original design is corrected.

2. the performance test of two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial plate

Figure 20 is the acoustics that array is formed in two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial structural unit face described in the embodiment of the present invention 6 The normal incidence sound transmission loss of the basic model acoustic metamaterial plate sample of metamaterial board sample and single side pad pasting described in embodiment 1 Test measurement comparative result figure.The sole difference of two kinds of embodiments is the two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial knot described in embodiment 6 Another side paving the second perforated flexible film of structure unit.Two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial plate sample described in embodiment 6 Photo is located at right side, outside diameter 225mm in figure.It can be seen from the figure that acoustic metamaterial plate sample described in embodiment 6 STL spike is located at 650Hz, is higher than acoustic metamaterial plate sample described in embodiment 1；Moreover, for acoustics described in embodiment 6 Metamaterial board sample, frequency range of the STL value higher than 6dB is 500Hz~1300Hz, is wider than basic model acoustics described in embodiment 1 300Hz~600Hz of metamaterial board sample.This is because the paving of the second perforated flexible film changes original single layer plastic film mulch The system performance of basic model embodiment.Specifically, on the one hand the structure type of the double-deck plastic film mulch and closing intermediate air gap increases The rigidity of structure for having added original single layer plastic film mulch embodiment, on the other hand also increases the vibrational degrees of freedom of system, so that the implementation Acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in example is in addition to can also have with negative mass characteristic (motor imagination is opposite with excitation orientation) Negative bulk modulus characteristic (volume change is opposite with excitation orientation), further enhances its Meta Materials attribute.

Figure 21 is the acoustics that array is formed in two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial structural unit face described in the embodiment of the present invention 6 Two-sided pad pasting described in metamaterial board sample and embodiment 6 simultaneously fills array shape in porous material acoustic metamaterial structural unit face At acoustic metamaterial plate sample normal incidence sound transmission loss test measurement comparative result figure.Double-face adhesive described in embodiment 6 Film simultaneously fills porous material acoustic metamaterial plate sample photo and is located in figure left side, outside diameter 225mm.Wherein, it fills Porous material be thickness 10mm glass fibre cotton, nominal flow resistance is 19000Nsm^-4.It can be seen from the figure that porous material after Continuous filling so that the STL peak deflection being initially positioned at 650Hz frequency to higher frequency section, and effective sound insulation bandwidth of high band Also it further widens.

Acoustic metamaterial structural unit itself can generate multi-modal locally resonant under sound wave or flow field excitation, can To improve the collaboration degree between velocity field and temperature gradient field to a certain extent, the effect of augmentation of heat transfer is realized, moreover, together When also to take into account acoustic metamaterial structural unit and to have enough sound insulation properties in low-frequency range, and resonant conditions are directly corresponding It is sound full impregnated result.Based on such consideration, in the work not changed or one piece of acoustic metamaterial structural unit of smaller change is original Under the conditions of work, in its fexible film or flexible sheet of one layer of another side paving containing multiple perforation, existed by these structures Augmentation of heat transfer effect is realized in sound wave or the lower judder generated of flow field excitation.Biography can further be strengthened by thus forming a batch The acoustic metamaterial structural unit and embodiment of heat.

In the acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the further augmentation of heat transfer of embodiment 7 and its face array combination at the super material of acoustics The preparation and performance measurement of flitch

1. three kinds of various configurations of the acoustic metamaterial structural unit of further augmentation of heat transfer

Figure 22 is the first configuration schematic diagram in 7 augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the embodiment of the present invention, In another side paving perforated flexible film (86) of one piece of acoustic metamaterial structural unit, have thereon multiple identical or not With the round hole (88) of size, while not influencing the acoustic metamaterial structural unit sound insulation property, by fexible film The upper turbulivity for increasing perforation and reinforcing flow field nearby, wherein 22 (a) be unit isometric view；Figure 22 (b) is the quick-fried of the unit Fried view.The size of additional holes (88) on perforated flexible film (86) can be identical as the size in hole (87) original on the film Or it is different.

Figure 23 is second of configuration schematic diagram in 7 augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the embodiment of the present invention, In another side paving perforated flexible film (86) of one piece of acoustic metamaterial structural unit, there are multiple and different shapes thereon With different size of hole (93), while not influencing the acoustic metamaterial structural unit sound insulation property, by fexible film On wear different shape and different size of hole further increases the turbulivity in neighbouring flow field, wherein 23 (a) regard for unit isometric Figure；Figure 23 (b) is the explosive view of the unit.The shape or size of additional holes (93) on perforated flexible film (86) can be random It chooses, this embodiment offers four kinds of shapes, i.e. circle, rectangle, hexagon, triangle.

Figure 24 is the third configuration schematic diagram in 7 augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the embodiment of the present invention, Multiple flexible sheets (94) are posted in another side of one piece of acoustic metamaterial structural unit, are not influencing the acoustic metamaterial While structural unit sound insulation property, stream near increase is oscillated or vibrated by what flexible sheet generated under incident acoustic wave excitation The turbulivity or fluid velocity of field, wherein 24 (a) be unit isometric view；Figure 24 (b) is the explosive view of the unit.

2. in the acoustic metamaterial structural unit of the further augmentation of heat transfer of the first configuration and its face array combination at The preparation and performance measurement of acoustic metamaterial plate

Figure 25 is battle array in the augmentation of heat transfer acoustic metamaterial structural unit face of the first configuration described in the embodiment of the present invention 7 On the right side of the normal incidence sound transmission loss test measurement of the acoustic metamaterial plate sample formed being arranged as a result, sample photo is located in figure, Its outside diameter is 225mm.The embodiment is two-sided pad pasting acoustic metamaterial structure list described in the embodiment 6 shown in Figure 18 Member the first perforated flexible film (polyetherimide of 0.050mm thickness) on overpunch diameter be 3mm four holes and Come, geometric parameter and the material composition of other unit constitution elements are consistent.It can be seen from the figure that the peak value frequency of occurrences of STL exists About 850Hz, the corresponding STL value of peak value reach 22dB, and frequency range of the STL value greater than 6dB is in 300Hz~1100Hz.

The preparation and performance measurement of 8 acoustic metamaterial composite construction of embodiment

By acoustic metamaterial structural unit described in embodiment 1, direction (x/y plane) array distribution, formation are basic in face Type acoustic metamaterial plate.Select 10mm thick, nominal flow resistivity is 19000/Nsm^-4Glass fibre cotton (97) be used as general acoustics Plate of material.Acoustic metamaterial plate and general acoustics plate of material are combined, is directly contacted between different acoustical material plates, and provide Slightly squeeze, elastic connection way can also be used, simultaneously different acoustical material plates are isolated in such as fritter rubber bearing, finally constitute as Acoustics composite construction shown in Figure 26.The measurement of impedance tube normal incidence sound transmission loss, measured curve such as Figure 27 are carried out to it.Its In, circle corresponds to sample result described in the embodiment of the present invention 1；Dotted line corresponds to acoustics composite construction sample knot described in the present embodiment Fruit.It can be seen from the figure that compared to basic model acoustic metamaterial plate, the normal incidence of acoustics composite construction sample described in the embodiment Sound transmission loss remove near the corresponding 440Hz frequency range of STL spike it is outer it is different degrees of be higher than basic model acoustic metamaterial plate, Medium-high frequency section especially on the right side of the STL spike；And near the corresponding 440Hz frequency range of STL spike, described in the embodiment The STL value of acoustics composite construction sample is slightly below basic model acoustic metamaterial plate, this is because the introducing of glass fibre cotton is suitable In the structural damping for increasing original basic model acoustic metamaterial plate, and the effect of structural damping be mainly reflected in gentle resonance and Amplitude at antiresonant frequency.

The acoustic metamaterial composite construction of the outer vertical stack of 9 multilayer acoustic metamaterial plate face of embodiment

Figure 28 is to pull open the acoustics constituted after a fixed spacing among two layers of acoustic metamaterial plate described in the embodiment of the present invention 9 Metamaterial composite plate schematic diagram.Wherein, the structure and material parameter of two blocks of thin layer acoustic metamaterial plates can be identical or different, point Not Bao Kuo first layer acoustic metamaterial plate framework (98), the monolith perforated films (99) of first layer acoustic metamaterial plate and second Layer acoustic metamaterial plate framework (100), the monolith perforated films (101) of second layer acoustic metamaterial plate.Two pieces of thin layer acoustics are super Have the air gap at regular intervals (102) between plate of material.

Figure 29 is after pulling open a fixed spacing among two layers of acoustic metamaterial plate described in the embodiment of the present invention 9, in the spacing One layer of porous material of interior insertion, the acoustic metamaterial composite plate schematic diagram finally constituted.Wherein, two blocks of thin layer acoustic metamaterial plates Structure and material parameter can be identical or different, respectively include first layer acoustic metamaterial plate framework (98), first layer acoustics The monolith perforated films (99) and second layer acoustic metamaterial plate framework (100) of metamaterial board, second layer acoustic metamaterial plate Monolith perforated films (101).The characteristic impedance of the porous material layer (103) of filling and the impedance of two pieces of films should as far as possible Match, to avoid sound wave that from can not being efficiently entering porous material, and to consider the porous material of filling to two sides film (99) and (101) bending vibration rigidity bring influences, and corrects the working frequency of the acoustic metamaterial plate of original design.Moreover, porous Material layer needs to perforate on (103), is allowed to guarantee unanimously, not will cause heat dissipation barrier with the constraint body opening of frame (98) and (100) Hinder.

Figure 30 is that the normal incidence sound transmission loss of the compound plate sample of acoustic metamaterial described in the embodiment of the present invention 9 tests survey Amount is as a result, sample photo is located at right side, outside diameter 225mm, by two block structures and the identical acoustics of material parameter in figure Clamping glass fibre cotton is constituted among metamaterial board.Wherein, the structure and material parameter of acoustic metamaterial plate with it is shown in fig. 8 Light and thin type acoustic metamaterial plate as described in example 2 is identical, glass fibre cotton with a thickness of 10mm, nominal flow resistivity is 19000Nsm^-4.In Figure 30, open squares curve represents one layer of light and thin type acoustic metamaterial plate as described in example 2；Dotted line generation The acoustic metamaterial that the air gap with 10mm is constituted among two layers of table light and thin type acoustic metamaterial plate as described in example 2 is multiple Plywood；Dotted line represents two layers of light and thin type acoustic metamaterial plate central filler a layer thickness as described in example 2 as the glass of 10mm The acoustic metamaterial composite plate that cellucotton is constituted.As can be seen that the STL value of two kinds of compound plate samples of acoustic metamaterial exists Single layer light and thin type acoustic metamaterial plate, and the main body of this STL value lifting capacity effect are above in 100Hz~1000Hz frequency range Medium-high frequency section on the right side of present spike.By comparing dotted line and dotted line it is found that the acoustic metamaterial after filled glass fiber cotton is multiple The peak frequency of plywood sample shifts to high frequency, and effective bandwidth of operation is also the most wide person among three.

The acoustic metamaterial plate and its assembly method of 10 curved-surface structure form of embodiment

Figure 31 is curve form acoustic metamaterial plate schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention 10.It is single of the present invention Acoustic metamaterial structural unit (104) is combined into the acoustic metamaterial plate with certain curvature by Wedge-shape connector (105).Wedge Shape connector (105) can be process using materials such as rubber, acrylic, nylon by mold, and rubber is used in the present embodiment Glue material, the embodiment are especially suitable for the shell or mounting structure required with certain curvature.

Finally it should be noted that: the above enumerated are only specific embodiments of the present invention son, the technology of certain this field Personnel can be modified to the present invention and modification, if these modifications and variations belong to the claims in the present invention and its equivalent skill Within the scope of art, it is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. a kind of acoustic metamaterial structural unit, which is characterized in that it includes frame, in the frame is at least arranged one about Shu Ti is covered with film at least one surface of the upper and lower surface of frame；

Wherein, the frame and obligatory point rigid connection；At least one hole is provided on the obligatory point and the film；Institute It states hole and is being located at the obligatory point and the shape on the film surface, position are identical with size；The shape in the hole, position It sets and is determined with size according to the fluid flow and sound insulation working frequency range that pass through.

2. acoustic metamaterial structural unit as described in claim 1, the shape in hole is that symmetrical rule is several on the obligatory point What shape.

3. acoustic metamaterial structural unit as described in claim 1, the shape in the hole is circle.

4. acoustic metamaterial structural unit as described in any one of claims 1-3, covered in the upper and lower surface of the frame There is perforated flexible film.

5. acoustic metamaterial structural unit as claimed in claim 4, two layers of perforated flexible film of upper and lower surface of the frame Thickness and material it is different.

6. at least one of acoustic metamaterial structural unit as described in any one of claims 1-3, the obligatory point and frame Surface flushes.

7. acoustic metamaterial structural unit as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the porous material of upper layer and lower layer film central filler Material.

8. acoustic metamaterial structural unit as claimed in claim 7, wherein the porous material is glass fibre cotton or opening and closing Hole foam.

9. acoustic metamaterial structural unit as described in claim 1, wherein the shape of the frame makes it in elemental area Maximum area accounting can be realized when periodic array.

10. acoustic metamaterial structural unit as claimed in claim 9, wherein the shape of the frame be rectangle, square or Regular hexagon.

11. acoustic metamaterial structural unit as described in claim 1, the obligatory point is contacted with thin film wire or face contact, connects The shape that touching is formed is the geometry of regular symmetric.

12. acoustic metamaterial structural unit as claimed in claim 11, the geometry is round, square or just more Side shape.

13. acoustic metamaterial structural unit as described in claim 1, the frame and the material for having hole obligatory point are respectively Aluminium, steel, timber, rubber, plastics, glass, gypsum, cement, high molecular polymer or complex fiber material；The film Material is high molecular polymer thin-film material, metallic film or elastic film.

14. acoustic metamaterial structural unit as claimed in claim 13, the high molecular polymer thin-film material is polychlorostyrene second Alkene film, polyethylene film or polyetherimde films；The metallic film is aluminium and aluminium alloy film, titanium or titanium alloy film；The elasticity Film is rubber membrane, pellosil or latex film.

15. a kind of acoustic metamaterial plate comprising any one of the claim 1-14 acoustic metamaterial structural unit.

16. acoustic metamaterial plate as claimed in claim 15, the acoustic metamaterial plate is that acoustic metamaterial structural unit exists Directional combination is spliced in face.

17. a kind of acoustic metamaterial composite construction comprising the acoustic metamaterial plate of claim 15 or 16.

18. acoustic metamaterial composite construction as claimed in claim 17, the acoustic metamaterial composite construction is by more Acoustic metamaterial plate array made of acoustic metamaterial plate face outside direction vertical stack described in layer.

19. the acoustic metamaterial composite construction as described in claim 17 or 18, the acoustic metamaterial composite construction contains general General acoustics material cell or general acoustics plate of material made of logical acoustical material.

20. the acoustic metamaterial composite construction as described in claim 17 or 18, the general acoustics material be glass fibre cotton, It is opened and closed the foam porous material in hole and conventional punch plate, microperforated panel, damping material plate.

21. the acoustic metamaterial composite construction as described in claim 17 or 18, gap between the acoustic metamaterial plate with And porous material is filled in the gap between acoustic metamaterial plate and general acoustics plate of material.

22. a kind of any one of any one of adjusting claim 1-14 the acoustic metamaterial structural unit, claim 15-21 institute The method for stating the sound insulation frequency range of acoustics composite construction, which is characterized in that the method is by changing the acoustic metamaterial Frame, the structure size of obligatory point and film and material parameter adjust the working frequency of acoustic metamaterial to realize.

23. a kind of method of any one of assembly claim 1-14 acoustic metamaterial structural unit, which is characterized in that use Hole obligatory point and frame has been prepared in integral molding techniques, or manufacture has hole obligatory point prefabricated component and frame prefabricated component, will There is hole obligatory point prefabricated component by being rigidly connected to component units frame on frame prefabricated component, later by film in free extension shape It is covered on unit framework, and is fixedly connected under state, finally punched on film.

24. the method for acoustic metamaterial structural unit as claimed in claim 23, wherein pass through milling, casting, punching press, laser Cutting or 3D printing technique are processed into integrally formed unit framework, or pass through milling, casting, punching press, laser cutting or 3D Printing technique has produced hole obligatory point prefabricated component and frame prefabricated component.

25. the method for acoustic metamaterial structural unit as claimed in claim 23, wherein be fixedly connected as gluing, thermal weld or Machine riveting.

26. a kind of method for assembling the acoustic metamaterial plate of claim 15 or 16, by the super material of the acoustics after assembly Material structural unit frame carries out rigidity or flexible connection, or is combined into the acoustics with certain curvature using Wedge-shape connector and surpasses Plate of material；Or will there is hole obligatory point and frame to be processed as whole acoustic metamaterial plate framework by being integrally formed, later Film is covered on whole acoustic metamaterial plate framework under free extension state, and is fixedly connected, finally in film On punched.

27. the method for acoustic metamaterial plate as claimed in claim 26, wherein by milling, casting, punching press, laser cutting or 3D printing technique is processed into integrally formed unit framework or whole acoustic metamaterial plate framework, or passes through milling, casting, punching Pressure, laser cutting or 3D printing technique have produced hole obligatory point prefabricated component and frame prefabricated component.

28. the method for acoustic metamaterial plate as claimed in claim 26, wherein be fixedly connected as gluing, thermal weld or mechanical riveting It connects.

29. a kind of method of any one of assembly claim 17-21 acoustic metamaterial composite construction, porous material is manufactured It is filled into the frame of the acoustic metamaterial structural unit at small module unit and has the gap between the obligatory point of hole, then by one Monolith general acoustics plate of material is punched in advance or by it with after the acoustic metamaterial plate cooperation punching, is in contact with each other simultaneously It is fixedly connected to obtain.

30. the method for acoustic metamaterial composite construction as claimed in claim 29, wherein by building mould, cutting out, impact style system At the small module unit of porous material.

31. the method for acoustic metamaterial composite construction as claimed in claim 29, wherein the general acoustics plate of material and acoustics The way of contact between metamaterial board is using directly contacting or passing through elastic pad supports, to be isolated between different acoustical material plates Vibration transmitting.

32. the method for acoustic metamaterial composite construction as claimed in claim 29, wherein be fixedly connected as gluing, thermal weld or Machine riveting.