CN105844432A - VANET based electric automobile charge scheduling system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) based electric automobile charge scheduling system and method. The system includes an electric automobile intelligent electric meter system, a road side unit RSU, a server and a charge station intelligent electric meter system. The electric automobile intelligent electric meter system includes an intelligent electric meter, a vehicle GPS positioning device, an application unit AU and an onboard unit OBU. The charge station intelligent electric meter system includes an intelligent electric meter and a charge station control and management unit. The method includes that charge stations make charge prices according to geographic locations and lining conditions; a server calculates and obtains an optimal charge station strategy according to real time dynamic information of the charge stations and electric automobiles; and a user determines whether to charge or not according to the received optical strategy and stands in a line in an interface of a target charge station through an application unit.

Description

Charging electric vehicle dispatching patcher based on VANET and method

Technical field

The invention belongs to electric vehicle engineering field, more specifically, relate to a kind of based on VANET (vehicular ad-hoc Network, vehicle self-organizing network) charging electric vehicle dispatching patcher and method.

Background technology

Along with rising and the enhancing of mankind's environmental consciousness of Fossil fuel cost, electric automobile has as a kind of green traffic instrument Help relax greenhouse gas emission.Along with the extensive introducing of the new forms of energy with intermittence, unpredictability, bring the biggest Undulatory property, brings impact to the safe and stable operation of electrical network, and the scheduling of electric automobile contributes to relaxing this problem.Additionally, grind Study carefully and show to replace fuel-engined vehicle will bring the biggest economy return with electric automobile.Therefore electric automobile is paid close attention to by each side, and by Gradually occupy the increasing market share.And large-scale electric automobile is so uncontrolled that to be connected to the grid and also can work the mischief electrical network, And the charging station with geography superiority often attracts more charge requirement, cause the imbalance of demand, therefore to electric automobile Scheduling problem is also the focus of research.

Owing to wireless technology and the progress of auto industry and people are gone on a journey custom, VANET is as a kind of special movable self-organization Network arises at the historic moment.VANET can improve traffic safety factor, optimizes traffic flow, reduces traffic jam, it is provided that network connects Enter and entertainment applications, data sharing etc., bring the biggest facility and benefit to the life of people.VANET is used for electric automobile Scheduling can bring the biggest facility, contribute to user faster Information.

Summary of the invention

For problem above, in order to make user faster convenient queuing request charging service and equilibrium charging demand, the present invention Purpose be to provide a kind of charging electric vehicle dispatching patcher based on VANET and method, for user time-consuming while, Improve the stability of electrical network.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

A kind of charging electric vehicle dispatching patcher based on VANET, including electric automobile intelligent electric meter system, roadside unit RSU (road-side unit, drive test unit), server, charging station intelligent electric meter system；Described electric automobile intelligent electric meter system bag Include intelligent electric meter SM (smart meter, intelligent electric meter), vehicle GPS (global position system, global positioning system) Positioner, and applying unit AU (application unit, applying unit), board units OBU (on board unit, vehicle-mounted Unit), described charging station intelligent electric meter system includes intelligent electric meter, and charging station controls administrative unit；Described electric automobile Intelligent electric The intelligent electric meter of table system, vehicle-mounted GPS positioning system respectively with board units wired connection, described applying unit and board units Wired or wireless connection, between described board units and board units, board units and roadside unit are respectively through V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle, car and car), V2R (vehicle-to-RSU, car and base station) realizes radio communication, described trackside Being wired connection between unit and roadside unit, described roadside unit, charging station controls administrative unit company wired with server respectively Connecing, the intelligent electric meter of described charging station intelligent electric meter system and charging station control wired connection between administrative unit.

Wherein the function of the intelligent electric meter of electric automobile intelligent electric meter system is state of charge SoC (the state of of detection battery Charge, state of charge), the speed of electric automobile, discharge and recharge and the phase contrast according to voltage and current waveform judge energy The direction of flowing, i.e. electric automobile carries energy to electrical network energy feeding or electrical network to electric automobile, according to historical data and use Family input data calculate the discharge and recharge custom of user, when meeting certain state of charge and meeting user's discharge and recharge custom by application Unit pushes discharge and recharge suggestion to user；Described vehicle-mounted GPS positioning system is used for positioning electric automobile position and providing extremely The shortest path navigation of target charging station；Described applying unit is mobile phone Mobile solution or the embedded single being integrated in board units Unit, when electric automobile user needs charging service, directly by this applying unit queuing number-taking, and has Push Service, gives User saves the regular hour；Described board units is loaded on electric automobile, and electric automobile information is logical between board units Cross V2V wireless communications relay to forward；Described roadside unit is uniformly deployed in road both sides, is collected by V2R radio communication The electric automobile information transmitted by board units；The function of the intelligent electric meter in described charging station intelligent electric meter system is to gather electricity The history of net and real-time electric power pricing information, detect the charge volume to electric automobile conveying, calculates situation of queuing up in real time, formulates real Time charging price；It is to transmit real time charging station information to server that described charging station controls the function of administrative unit, will be single in application The user queued up in unit and the user arriving charging station are queued up；Described server controls according to roadside unit and charging station The information that administrative unit conveying comes is calculated optimum charging station strategy；Described roadside unit transmits receiving server After dominant strategy, send electric automobile user to through R2V (RSU-to-vehicle, base station and car) and V2V radio communication.

When the intelligent electric meter of electric automobile intelligent electric meter system detects that SoC is less than certain threshold value set in advance or meets user's During charging custom, electric automobile will consider charging service；Mode of operation to applying unit can be keystroke pattern, touch screen pattern Or audio control pattern；Charging station controls administrative unit and includes positional information to the real time charging station information that server sends, and fills in real time Electricity price lattice, surcharge and queuing situation, wherein real time charging price relates to areal variation and demand adjusts；Charging station control Tubulation reason Elementary Function may also include and pushes prompting message to user, and the setting to PUSH message can be according to the preference of user and life Custom set, including reminder time starting point, alert interval time.Equally, when the Intelligent electric of electric automobile intelligent electric meter system Table detects that SoC meets user when the custom of electrical network energy feeding while being higher than certain threshold value set in advance, electric automobile To consider to discharge to electrical network.

The present invention makes discussion with regard to charging electric vehicle situation.Consider the different user characteristic and not of different user under practical situation Same living habit, user is eager to charging electric vehicle sometimes, is willing to seek preferential charging service with higher price, for people Propertyization considers, introduces priority so that the user seeking Priority Service can enjoy a kind of non-conversion formula Priority Service, but wants extra Pay certain expense, thus electric automobile user is divided into two classes: a. seek Priority Service VIP (very important person, Honored guest) user；B. domestic consumer.

Non-conversion formula Priority Service, i.e. has when the VIP user of higher priority arrives charging station (for using applying unit row When the user of team is confirmation charging selection), if charging pile is all providing charging service, that no matter accept charging service is VIP User or domestic consumer, it all can not seize charging pile.

A kind of charging electric vehicle dispatching method based on VANET, comprises the steps:

The intelligent electric meter of the most each charging station combines residing ground fragment position and power price information, according to situation of currently queuing up, system Determine real time charging price, and controlled administrative unit to server transmission real time charging station information by charging station；

S200. detect that SoC is less than certain threshold value or meets the charging of user when the intelligent electric meter in electric automobile intelligent electric meter system During custom, board units sends charging service demand and electric automobile real time information to server；

S300. server is according to the electric automobile received and the real time information of charging station, is calculated the optimum charging of electric automobile Stand strategy and function value of utility；

S400. the optimum charging station strategy that board units will receive, function value of utility and this charge station information pass through applying unit It is pushed to user；

S500. user's judgement according to self-demand and to function value of utility chooses whether charging, if confirming, charging selects, directly By applying unit in target charging station interface queuing number-taking；

S600. after the charging station control administrative unit of target charging station receives the queueing message transmitted by applying unit, by user Enter charging queue；

S700., during user's target to be gone to charging station, decision-making, vehicle GPS are sent by applying unit to vehicle-mounted GPS positioning system The shortest path provided to target charging station is navigated by positioner.

Step S600A can also be included: judge that user reminds service the need of pushing, be, then by user after step S600 Arrange, send pushed information at special time to applying unit；No, then carry out step S700.

Concretely comprising the following steps of described step S100:

S110. calculate average queuing latency, averagely wait in line team leader；

S120. charging station j is according to setting area, residing location price f_j ⁽¹⁾, calculate demand according to queuing situation and adjust price f_j ⁽²⁾, Charging price f is tried to achieve in weighting_j。

S130. real time charging station information is transmitted to server, including charging price, surcharge, positional information, queuing situation.

In described step S200, when SoC is less than predetermined threshold or meets the charging custom of user, electric automobile considers charging, The setting of this threshold value can be arranged by producer, it is possible to by User Defined.The once intelligent electric meter in electric automobile intelligent electric meter system Detect that SoC is less than setting value, then board units sends charge requirement and electric automobile real time information to server.Letter in real time Breath includes real time position, demand electricity, user's weighting parameter.

Concretely comprising the following steps of described step S300:

S310. according to user personality, the every weights of utility function and customer parameter value are determined；

S320. calculate each charging station value of utility to user according to electric automobile and charging station real time information, obtain object function；

S330. optimization object function, obtains optimum charging station selection strategy.

The present invention has a following remarkable advantage:

By means of VANET environment, it is allowed to user, when charging service sought by needs, directly can be filled in target by applying unit Queuing number-taking under interface, power station, saves a certain amount of time.

Dispatching patcher can arrange prompting service, according to the PUSH message setting directional user's dispatcher queue situation of user, it is not necessary to stop Stay charging station, provide effective scheme waiting in charging interval too long of problem.

Allow user to seek Priority Service under conditions of paying additional expense, provide the user a kind of hommization dispatching method.

Consider that location difference and demand adjust, propose a kind of pricing mechanism, make charging price dynamically change along with queuing situation, It is beneficial to adjust charge requirement, improves grid stability.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of present invention charging electric vehicle based on VANET dispatching patcher.

Fig. 2 is the present invention applying unit interface schematic diagram without push function.

Fig. 3 is the applying unit interface schematic diagram that the present invention possesses push function.

Fig. 4 is the present invention flow chart without the charging electric vehicle dispatching method based on VANET of push function.

Fig. 5 is the flow chart that the present invention possesses the charging electric vehicle dispatching method based on VANET of push function.

Fig. 6 is the particular flow sheet of step S100 in Fig. 4 or Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is the particular flow sheet of step S300 in Fig. 4 or Fig. 5.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of present invention charging electric vehicle based on VANET dispatching patcher.

1, in the present embodiment, as it is shown in figure 1, a kind of charging electric vehicle dispatching patcher based on VANET, including electronic Automobile intelligent electric meter system 100, roadside unit 200, server 300, charging station intelligent electric meter system 400；Described electronic vapour Car intelligent electric meter system 100 includes intelligent electric meter 110, vehicle-mounted GPS positioning system 120, applying unit 130, board units 140, described charging station intelligent electric meter system 400 includes intelligent electric meter 410, and charging station controls administrative unit 420；Described intelligence Ammeter 110, vehicle-mounted GPS positioning system 120 respectively with board units 140 wired connection, described applying unit 130 is with vehicle-mounted The wired or wireless connection of unit 140, between described board units 140 and board units 140, board units 140 and trackside list Unit 200 realizes radio communication through V2V, V2R respectively, wired connection between described roadside unit 200 and roadside unit 200, Described roadside unit 200, charging station control administrative unit 420 respectively with server 300 wired connection, described intelligent electric meter 410 And charging station controls wired connection between administrative unit 420.

Intelligent electric meter 110 in electric automobile intelligent electric meter system 100 is for detecting the state of charge of battery, the car of electric automobile Speed, discharge and recharge and the phase contrast according to voltage and current waveform judge that the direction of energy Flow, i.e. electric automobile are presented to electrical network Send energy or electrical network carry energy to electric automobile, calculate the discharge and recharge custom of user according to historical data and user input data, Push discharge and recharge by applying unit 130 to user when meeting certain state of charge and meeting user's discharge and recharge custom to advise；Car Carry GPS positioner 120 for positioning electric automobile position and the shortest path provided when needed to target charging station Navigation；Board units 140 is loaded on electric automobile, for dynamic by V2V wireless communication technology relay forwarding electric automobile Information；Roadside unit 200 is uniformly deployed in road both sides, for being collected by board units 140 by V2R wireless communication technology Transmit the electric automobile multidate information of coming, and transmitted to server 300 by wired connection；Charging station intelligent electric meter system 400 In intelligent electric meter 410 for gathering history and the power price information of electrical network, detect the charge volume to electric automobile input, Calculate situation of queuing up in real time, formulate real time charging price；Charging station controls the function of administrative unit 420 and includes to server 300 Transmit real time charging station information, the user of the user queued up on applying unit 130 and arrival charging station is queued up；Clothes The real time information that business device 300 then controls administrative unit 420 conveying next according to roadside unit 200 and charging station is calculated optimum Charging station strategy.Roadside unit 200 is after receiving the optimal strategy that server 300 transmission comes, wireless through R2V and V2V Communication technology sends electric automobile user to.

Charging station controls administrative unit 420 and includes positional information, real time charging to the real time charging station information that server 300 sends Price, seeks surcharge and the queuing situation of Priority Service, and wherein real time charging price relates to areal variation and demand is adjusted Whole.

When the intelligent electric meter 110 in electric automobile intelligent electric meter system 100 detects that battery state of charge is less than certain and presets Threshold value or meet user charging custom time, electric automobile will consider charging service, and the setting to threshold value can be fixed value, also Can set according to the living habit of user and actual demand.

Fig. 2 is the applying unit 130 interface schematic diagram without push function.

In the present embodiment, move app (application: application program) as in figure 2 it is shown, applying unit 130 can be mobile phone, The embedded unit of board units 140 can also be integrated with, when electric automobile user needs charging service, can directly pass through This applying unit 130 queuing number-taking, and there is Push Service, save the regular hour to user；To applying unit 130 Mode of operation can be keystroke pattern, touch screen pattern or audio control pattern.

Considering the different user characteristic of different user under practical situation and different living habit, user is eager to electronic vapour sometimes Car charges, and is willing to seek preferential charging service with higher price, considers for hommization, introduces priority so that seek preferential The user of service can enjoy a kind of non-conversion formula Priority Service, but additionally to pay certain expense, therefore electric automobile user is divided into Two classes: a. seeks the VIP user of Priority Service；B. domestic consumer.The user being not excluded for is out of habit or nearby principle considers, Select directly to arrive charging station queuing number-taking, but the present invention relates to the scheduling using applying unit 130 queuing number-taking user, And only will directly arrive user's factor as an influence of charging station queuing number-taking.

Non-conversion formula Priority Service, i.e. has when the VIP user of higher priority arrives charging station (for using applying unit 130 When the user queued up is confirmation charging selection), if charging pile is all providing charging service, that no matter accept charging service is VIP User or domestic consumer, it all can not seize charging pile.The average queuing latency of VIP user is two parts time sum: The average charge temporal summation coming VIP user above and the average latency having the charging pile free time to get off；Domestic consumer Average queuing latency be three part sums: come VIP user above and domestic consumer average charge temporal summation, Have average latency that the charging pile free time gets off and the Priority Service of VIP user that arrives at waiting time to cause averagely to delay Temporal summation.

Assuming that VIP user and domestic consumer arrive charging station j with separate Poisson flow respectively, then the user of charging station j arrives Rate is:

λ_j=λ_v,j+λ_u,j,

In formula, λ_jThe arrival rate of charging station j is arrived for all users；λ_v,jThe arrival rate of charging station j is arrived for VIP user；λ_u,j The arrival rate of charging station j is arrived for domestic consumer.

In the most any moment, the user of arrival charging station j is that the probability of VIP user and domestic consumer is respectively λ_v,j/λ_jAnd λ_u,j/λ_j。

It is separate for supposing that again each charging pile of charging station j charges, and service time all obeys quantum condition entropy, it is assumed that VIP The average charge time of user and domestic consumer is equal, then in charging station j, the average charge time of all users is:

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{ct}}_j}=E\left({\mathrm{ct}}_j\right)=({\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j}/{\mathrm{\λ}}_j)*(1/{\mathrm{\μ}}_j)+({\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,j}/{\mathrm{\λ}}_j)*(1/{\mathrm{\μ}}_j)=1/{\mathrm{\μ}}_j,$

In formula,The average charge time for users all in charging station j；ct_jCharging interval for users all in charging station j； μ_jAverage service rate for the single charging pile of charging station j.

Fig. 3 is the applying unit 130 interface schematic diagram possessing push function.

In the present embodiment, as it is shown on figure 3, charging station control administrative unit 420 function may also include pushes prompting letter to user Breath, wherein the setting to PUSH message can set according to the preference of user and living habit, including reminder time starting point, reminds Interval time.

Fig. 4,5 respectively the present invention without push function and possess push function charging electric vehicle based on VANET scheduling The flow chart of method.

In the present embodiment, such as Fig. 4, shown in 5, charging electric vehicle dispatching method based on VANET, comprise the steps:

The intelligent electric meter 410 of the most each charging station combines residing ground fragment position and power price information, according to situation of currently queuing up, Formulate real time charging price, and transmitted real time charging station information by charging station control administrative unit 420 to server 300；

S200. detect that SoC is less than certain threshold value or meets user when the intelligent electric meter 110 in electric automobile intelligent electric meter system 100 Charging custom time, board units 140 sends charging service demand and electric automobile real time information to server 300；

S300. server 300 is according to the electric automobile received and the real time information of charging station, is calculated the optimum of electric automobile Charging station strategy and function value of utility；

S400. the optimum charging station strategy that board units 140 will receive, function value of utility and this charge station information are by application Unit 130 is pushed to user；

S500. user's judgement according to self-demand and to function value of utility chooses whether charging, if confirming, charging selects, directly Connected applying unit 130 in target charging station interface queuing number-taking；

S600. the charging station control administrative unit 420 of target charging station receives the queueing message transmitted by applying unit 130 After, user is entered charging queue；

S700., during user's target to be gone to charging station, decision-making is sent by applying unit 130 to vehicle-mounted GPS positioning system 120, The shortest path provided to target charging station is navigated by vehicle-mounted GPS positioning system 120.

Step S600A can also be included after step S600: judge that user, the need of reminding service, is, then by user setup, Propelling movement prompting message is sent to applying unit 130 at special time；No, then carry out step S700.

Fig. 6 is the particular flow sheet of step S100 in Fig. 4 or Fig. 5.

In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, the concretely comprising the following steps of described step S100:

S110. calculate average queuing latency, averagely wait in line team leader:

When all charging piles are all when providing service, and no matter arrive charging station is VIP user or domestic consumer, is required for The stake free time to be charged gets off.Charging pile take unrelated class of subscriber, therefore wait that the average time having the charging pile free time to get off answers root Calculate according to charging station numbers distribution in system, and the average charge time of VIP user and domestic consumer is equal, therefore calculating charging During the average latency that the stake free time gets off, unrelated with the Queue sequence of user, without considering class of subscriber.

Being obtained by Ireland delay formula, after user arrives charging station j, each charging pile of this charging station is all providing charging service Probability be:

$\underset{n_j=N_j}{\overset{\mathrm{\∞}}{\Σ}}{p}_{n_j}=\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j},$

Wherein,

ρ_j=λ_j/(μ_j*N_j)=ρ_1j/N_j, ρ_1j=ρ_v,j+ρ_u,j=λ_v,j/μ_j+λ_u,j/μ_j=λ_j/μ_j,

ρ_v,j=λ_v,j/μ_j, ρ_u,j=λ_u,j/μ_j,

In formula, n_jNumber for users all in charging station j；N_jCharging pile quantity for charging station j；p_njFor in charging station j All user's numbers are n_jProbability；All user's numbers for charging station j are N_jProbability；ρ_jService for charging station j Intensity；p_0jIt is the probability of 0 for user's numbers all in charging station j；ρ_1jFor charging pile single in charging station j to all users' Charging service intensity；ρ_v,jFor the charging pile single in the charging station j charging service intensity to VIP user；ρ_u,jFor in charging station j The single charging pile charging service intensity to domestic consumer.

Then any user waits having be the average time that the charging pile free time gets off:

$\underset{n_j=N_j}{\overset{\mathrm{\∞}}{\Σ}}{p}_{n_j}*E\left({\mathrm{et}}_j\right)=\underset{n_j=N_j}{\overset{\mathrm{\∞}}{\Σ}}{p}_{n_j}*\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{et}}_j}=\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}*\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{et}}_j},$

In formula, et_jFor the Residual service time of charging station j, i.e. when user arrives charging station j, if N_jIndividual charging pile is the most occupied With, then will also be subjected to et_jJust can vacate a charging pile and provide charging service for next user；Average for charging station j Residual service time.

Owing to when calculating the average latency that the charging pile free time gets off, not differentiating between class of subscriber, then user's queue waiting time It is two parts time sum: when coming user's average charge temporal summation above and have average waiting that the charging pile free time gets off Between:

Coming user's average charge temporal summation above is:

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{ct}}_j}*{\mathrm{lq}}_j={\mathrm{lq}}_j/{\mathrm{\μ}}_j={\mathrm{\ρ}}_{1j}*{\mathrm{wq}}_j,$

Wherein, lq_j=λ_j*wq_j,

In formula, lq_jFor charging station j waits in line the mean number of all users of charging service.

The average latency that the charging pile free time gets off is had to be

,

${\mathrm{wq}}_j=\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}*\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{et}}_j}+{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{1j}*{\mathrm{wq}}_j,$

,

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{et}}_j}=\frac{(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)*(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{1j})}{p_{N_j}}*{\mathrm{wq}}_j,$

In formula, wq_jAverage queuing latency for users all in charging station j.

By M/M/N_jWait that the derivation conclusion of queuing model processed obtains:

${\mathrm{wq}}_j=\frac{{({\mathrm{\ρ}}_j*N_j)}^{N_j}*p_{0j}}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*N_j!*{(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)}^2},$

,

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{et}}_j}=\frac{(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)*(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{1j})}{p_{N_j}}*\frac{{({\mathrm{\ρ}}_j*N_j)}^{N_j}*p_{0j}}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*N_j!*{(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)}^2}=\frac{1-N_j*{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)},$

The average latency that the charging pile free time gets off then is had to be:

$\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}*\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{et}}_j}=\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}*\frac{1-N_j*{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)},$

A. calculate the average queuing latency when VIP user enters the queue of charging station j, averagely wait in line team leader:

VIP user can not seize the charging pile providing charging service, can only come before domestic consumer, its average queuing etc. Treat that the time is made up of two parts:

1) VIP user's average charge temporal summation above is come:

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{ct}}_{v,j}}*{\mathrm{lq}}_{v,j}=\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{ct}}_j}*{\mathrm{lq}}_{v,j}={\mathrm{lq}}_{v,j}/{\mathrm{\μ}}_j={\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}*{\mathrm{wq}}_{v,j},$

Wherein, lq_v,j=λ_v,j*wq_v,j,

In formula,For the average charge time of VIP user in charging station j；lq_v,jAveragely queue up for VIP user in charging station j Congestion lengths；wq_v,jFor the average queuing latency of VIP user in charging station j.

2) average latency that the charging pile free time gets off is had to be

:

${\mathrm{wq}}_{v,j}={\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}*{\mathrm{wq}}_{v,j}+\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}*\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{et}}_j}={\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}*{\mathrm{wq}}_{v,j}+\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}*\frac{1-N_j*{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)},$

Then VIP user at the average queuing latency of charging station j and averagely waits in line team leader and is respectively as follows:

${\mathrm{wq}}_{v,j}=\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}}*\frac{1-N_j*{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*{(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)}^2},$

${\mathrm{lq}}_{v,j}={\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j}*{\mathrm{wq}}_{v,j}={\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j}*\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}}*\frac{1-N_j*{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*{(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)}^2},$

Wherein:

ρ_j=λ_j/(μ_j*N_j), ρ_v,j=λ_v,j/μ_j, λ_j=λ_v,j+λ_u,j,

B. calculate the average queuing latency when domestic consumer enters the queue of charging station j, averagely wait in line team leader:

The average queuing latency of domestic consumer is made up of three parts:

1) the average charge temporal summation coming VIP user above and domestic consumer is respectively as follows:

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{ct}}_{v,j}}*{\mathrm{lq}}_{v,j}=\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{ct}}_j}*{\mathrm{lq}}_{v,j}={\mathrm{lq}}_{v,j}/{\mathrm{\μ}}_j={\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}*{\mathrm{wq}}_{v,j},$

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{ct}}_{u,j}}*{\mathrm{lq}}_{u,j}=\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{ct}}_j}*{\mathrm{lq}}_{u,j}={\mathrm{lq}}_{u,j}/{\mathrm{\μ}}_j={\mathrm{\ρ}}_{u,j}*{\mathrm{wq}}_{u,j},$

Wherein, lq_v,j=λ_v,j*wq_v,j, lq_u,j=λ_u,j*wq_u,j,

In formula,For the average charge time of domestic consumer in charging station j；lq_u,jAveragely queue up for domestic consumer in charging station j Congestion lengths；wq_u,jFor the average queuing latency of domestic consumer in charging station j.

2) average latency that the charging pile free time gets off is had to be

3) summation that averagely wastes time that the Priority Service of the VIP user arrived at waiting time causes:

VIP user has Priority Service privilege, during domestic consumer is queued up accepting charging service to it, if there being VIP User arrives charging station j, then VIP user will preferentially be come before this domestic consumer.Owing to waiting in line needed for domestic consumer Time wq_u,jPeriod, the average number that VIP user arrives is wq_u,j*λ_v,j, then its average charge temporal summation needed is:

${\mathrm{wq}}_{u,j}*{\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j}*\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{ct}}_{v,j}}={\mathrm{wq}}_{u,j}*{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j},$

,

${\mathrm{wq}}_{u,j}={\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}*{\mathrm{wq}}_{v,j}+{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{u,j}*{\mathrm{wq}}_{u,j}+\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}*\frac{1-N_j*{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)}+{\mathrm{wq}}_{u,j}*{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j},$

Then domestic consumer at the average queuing latency of charging station j and averagely waits in line team leader and is respectively as follows:

$\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{wq}}_{u,j}=\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}*\frac{1-N_j*{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)}*\frac{1}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{u,j}-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}}+\frac{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{u,j}-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}}*{\mathrm{wq}}_{v,j}\\ =\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}*\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)}+\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}}*\frac{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*{(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)}^2}\end{array},$

${\mathrm{lq}}_{u,j}={\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,j}*{\mathrm{wq}}_{u,j}={\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,j}*(\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}*\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)}+\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}}*\frac{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*{(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)}^2}),$

Wherein,

ρ_j=λ_j/(μ_j*N_j), ρ_u,j=λ_u,j/μ_j, ρ_v,j=λ_v,j/μ_j, λ_j=λ_v,j+λ_u,j,

By calculating process above, the mean number that can obtain all users waiting in line charging service in charging station j is:

$\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{lq}}_j={\mathrm{lq}}_{v,j}+{\mathrm{lq}}_{u,j}={\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j}*{\mathrm{wq}}_{v,j}+{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,j}*{\mathrm{wq}}_{u,j}\\ ={\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j}*\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}}*\frac{1-N_j*{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*{(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)}^2}+{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,j}*(\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j}*\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)}+\frac{p_{N_j}}{1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}}*\frac{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{v,j}}{{\mathrm{\μ}}_j*N_j*{(1-{\mathrm{\ρ}}_j)}^2})\end{array}.$

S120. charging station j is according to setting area, residing location price f_j ⁽¹⁾, calculate demand according to queuing situation and adjust price f_j ⁽²⁾, Charging price f is tried to achieve in weighting_j:

The charging station being located in vantage point often can attract more client, the most just can arrange higher charging price, based on This, area is divided into z region, and the zone price f of charging station in the same area according to certain criterion by the present invention_j ⁽¹⁾Equal. The criterion such as volume of the flow of passengers divided, from intown distance, if for residential quarter, shopping centre or industrial occupancy etc..

According to defined criterion, the zone price f of charging station_j ⁽¹⁾For:

f_j ⁽¹⁾=f_z

In formula, f_zFor the zone price of charging station in the z of region.

In order to adjust charge requirement, the arrival rate of customers of each charging station is made to move close to optimal value, charging price along with queuing situation State changes, and what the actual team leader of waiting in line was corresponding more than under optimal value waits in line team leader, then raise charging price；Actual row What team's congestion lengths was corresponding less than under optimal value waits in line team leader, then reduce charging price.Optimum arrival rate can be according to charging station Charging pile number, service intensity, network load etc. sets.

Price f is adjusted according to the demand that queuing situation calculates_j ⁽²⁾For:

${f_j}^{\left(2\right)}={f_j}^{\left(2\right)}\frac{{\mathrm{lq}}_j({\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j},{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,j})-{{\mathrm{lq}}_j}^{*}({{\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j}}^{*},{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,j}}^{*})}{{{\mathrm{lq}}_j}^{*}({{\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j}}^{*},{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,j}}^{*})},$

In formula, lq_j(λ_v,j,λ_u,j) averagely wait in line team leader for actual；lq_j ^*(λ_v,j ^*,λ_u,j ^*) it is average queuing etc. under optimum arrival rate Treat team leader.

Wherein, demand adjustment cost function should meet:

1) functional value is along with lq_j(λ_v,j,λ_u,j) increase and increase；

2)

Illustrate,

${f_j}^{\left(2\right)}=k_j*\frac{{\mathrm{lq}}_j({\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j},{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,j})-{{\mathrm{lq}}_j}^{*}({{\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j}}^{*},{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,j}}^{*})}{{{\mathrm{lq}}_j}^{*}({{\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j}}^{*},{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,j}}^{*})},$

In formula, k_jThe slope of cost function is adjusted for demand.

Then charging cost function is:

$f_j={{\mathrm{\β}}_j}^{\left(1\right)}*f_z+{{\mathrm{\β}}_j}^{\left(2\right)}*{f_j}^{\left(2\right)}\left(\frac{{\mathrm{lq}}_j({\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j},{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,j})-{{\mathrm{lq}}_j}^{*}({{\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j}}^{*},{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,j}}^{*})}{{{\mathrm{lq}}_j}^{*}({{\mathrm{\λ}}_{v,j}}^{*},{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{u,j}}^{*})}\right).$

Wherein, β is met_j ⁽¹⁾+β_j ⁽²⁾=1, β_j ⁽¹⁾>=0, β_j ⁽²⁾>=0,

In formula, β_j ⁽¹⁾, β_j ⁽²⁾For charging station j weights coefficient.

S130. real time charging station information is transmitted to server 300, including charging price, surcharge, positional information, queuing feelings Condition.

Fig. 7 is the particular flow sheet of step S300 in Fig. 4 or Fig. 5.

In the present embodiment, as it is shown in fig. 7, the concretely comprising the following steps of described step S300:

S310. according to user personality, the every weights of utility function and customer parameter value are determined:

The utility function of user i selection charging station j is:

U_i,j=z_i-α_i ⁽¹⁾*l_i,j-α_i ⁽²⁾*(b_i,j*wq_v,j+(1-b_i,j)*wq_u,j)-α_i ⁽³⁾*(f_j+b_i,j*c_j),

Wherein, z is met_i>=0, α_i ⁽¹⁾+α_i ⁽²⁾+α_i ⁽³⁾=1, α_i ⁽¹⁾>=0, α_i ⁽²⁾>=0, α_i ⁽³⁾>=0, b_i,j∈ 0,1},

In formula, z_iCharging willingness parameter for user i；α_i ⁽¹⁾, α_i ⁽²⁾, α_i ⁽³⁾Weighting parameter for user i；l_i,jFor user i institute In position to the distance of charging station j；b_i,jWhether select to seek Priority Service for user i, the most whether be selected to VIP user, b_i,j=1 is VIP user, b_i,j=0 is domestic consumer；wq_v,jFor VIP user's average queuing latency；wq_u,jFor commonly User's average queuing latency；f_jCharging price for charging station j；c_jExtra paying is needed for seeking Priority Service at charging station j The expense gone out.

Wherein, z_i, α_i ⁽¹⁾, α_i ⁽²⁾, α_i ⁽³⁾Can be set on applying unit 130 interface by user, it is also possible to go through according to user History data estimation；c_jSet by charging station；b_i,jIt is calculated by optimization.

S320. calculate each charging station value of utility to user according to electric automobile and charging station real time information, obtain object function:

Object function is:

$\max U_i=max\underset{j=1}{\overset{J}{\Σ}}{U}_{i,j}*x_{i,j},$

Wherein, meet

In formula, J is charging station number；x_i,jVariable, x is selected for binary system_i,j=1 user i selects charging station j, x_i,j=0 with Family i does not select charging station j.

S330. optimization object function, obtains optimum charging station selection strategy:

By optimized algorithm, try to achieve optimal solution, including user to the selection of charging station and Priority Service to be sought, i.e. x_i,j And b_i,jValue.IfThen optimal strategy is not select any charging station.

Visible, the invention have the advantages that

1) by means of VANET environment, it is allowed to user passes through applying unit 130 queuing number-taking, saves a certain amount of time, i.e. The charging interval of arrived user in during arriving at charging station.In the present embodiment, for VIP user, the time of saving isFor domestic consumer, the time of saving is

In formula, v_iAverage speed for electric automobile i.

2) push the setting of prompting service, make user without resting on charging station, reciprocity time to be charged too long of problem is given A kind of effective scheme.

3) user is allowed to seek Priority Service under conditions of paying additional expense.

4) considering that location difference and demand adjust, the pricing mechanism of proposition makes charging price dynamically change along with queuing situation, profit In adjusting charge requirement, improve grid stability.

Claims (9)

1. a charging electric vehicle dispatching patcher based on VANET, it is characterised in that include electric automobile intelligent electric meter system (100), roadside unit (200), server (300), charging station intelligent electric meter system (400)；Described electric automobile intelligent electric meter system (100) includes intelligent electric meter (110), vehicle-mounted GPS positioning system (120), applying unit (130), board units (140), described charging station intelligent electric meter system (400) includes intelligent electric meter (410), and charging station controls administrative unit (420)；Described intelligent electric meter (110), vehicle-mounted GPS positioning system (120) respectively with board units (140) wired connection, described applying unit (130) is wired or wireless with board units (140) to be connected, between described board units (140) and board units (140), board units (140) and roadside unit (200) are respectively through V2V, V2R realizes radio communication, wired connection between described roadside unit (200) and roadside unit (200), described roadside unit (200), charging station control administrative unit (420) respectively with server (300) wired connection, described intelligent electric meter (410) and charging station control wired connection between administrative unit (420).

A kind of charging electric vehicle dispatching patcher based on VANET the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the function of the intelligent electric meter (110) in described electric automobile intelligent electric meter system (100) is the state of charge of detection battery, the speed of electric automobile, discharge and recharge and the phase contrast according to voltage and current waveform judge the direction of energy Flow, calculate the discharge and recharge custom of user according to historical data and user input data, push discharge and recharge by applying unit (130) to user when meeting certain state of charge and meeting user's discharge and recharge custom and advise；Described vehicle-mounted GPS positioning system (120) is for positioning electric automobile position and providing the shortest path navigation to target charging station；Described applying unit (130) is mobile phone Mobile solution or the embedded unit being integrated in board units (140), when electric automobile user needs charging service, directly by this applying unit (130) queuing number-taking, and can have Push Service, save the regular hour to user；Described board units (140) is loaded on electric automobile, and electric automobile information is forwarded by V2V wireless communications relay between board units (140)；Described roadside unit (200) is uniformly deployed in road both sides, is collected by V2R radio communication and is transmitted, by board units (140), the electric automobile information of coming；The function of the intelligent electric meter (410) in described charging station intelligent electric meter system (400) is the power price information gathering electrical network, detects the charge volume to electric automobile input, calculates situation of queuing up in real time, formulates real time charging price；It is to transmit real time charging station information to server (300) that described charging station controls the function of administrative unit (420), will be queued up the user of the upper user queued up of applying unit (130) and arrival charging station；Described server (300) controls the next information of administrative unit (420) conveying according to roadside unit (200) and charging station and is calculated optimum charging station strategy；Described roadside unit (200), after receiving the optimal strategy that server (300) transmission comes, sends electric automobile user to through R2V and V2V radio communication.

A kind of charging electric vehicle dispatching patcher based on VANET the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that between described board units (140) and board units (140), V2V wireless relay forwards is single-hop or multi-hop.

A kind of charging electric vehicle dispatching patcher based on VANET the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described charging station controls administrative unit (420) and includes positional information, real time charging price, queuing situation to the real time charging station information that server (300) transmits；Being additionally operable to push prompting message to user, preference and living habit according to user set, including reminder time starting point, alert interval time.

A kind of charging electric vehicle dispatching patcher based on VANET the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the real time charging price that the intelligent electric meter (410) in described charging station intelligent electric meter system (400) is formulated relates to location difference and demand adjusts.

6. a charging electric vehicle dispatching method based on VANET, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:

The intelligent electric meter (410) of the most each charging station combines residing ground fragment position and power price information, according to situation of currently queuing up, formulates real time charging price, and is controlled administrative unit (420) to server (300) transmission real time charging station information by charging station；

S200., when the intelligent electric meter (110) in electric automobile intelligent electric meter system (100) detects that the state of charge of battery is less than certain threshold value or meets the charging custom of user, board units (140) sends charging service demand and electric automobile real time information to server (300)；

S300. server (300) is according to the electric automobile received and the real time information of charging station, is calculated optimum charging station strategy and the function value of utility of electric automobile；

S400. the optimum charging station strategy that board units (140) will receive, function value of utility and this charge station information are pushed to user by applying unit (130)；

S500. user's judgement according to self-demand and to function value of utility chooses whether charging, if confirming, charging selects, directly by applying unit (130) in target charging station interface queuing number-taking；

S600., after charging station control administrative unit (420) of target charging station receives and transmitted, by applying unit (130), the queueing message come, user is entered charging queue；

S700. during user's target to be gone to charging station, sending decision-making by applying unit (130) to vehicle-mounted GPS positioning system (120), the shortest path provided to target charging station is navigated by vehicle-mounted GPS positioning system (120).

A kind of charging electric vehicle dispatching method based on VANET the most according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, step S600A is also included: judge that user reminds service the need of pushing after step S600, it is, then by user setup, send pushed information at special time to applying unit (130)；No, then carry out step S700.

A kind of charging electric vehicle dispatching method based on VANET the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that concretely comprising the following steps of described step S100:

S110. calculate average queuing latency, averagely wait in line team leader；

S120. charging station j is according to setting area, residing location price f_j ^{(1 )}, calculate demand according to queuing situation and adjust price f_j ^{(2 )}, charging price f is tried to achieve in weighting_j；

S130. real time charging station information is transmitted to server (300), including charging price, surcharge, positional information, queuing situation.

A kind of charging electric vehicle dispatching method based on VANET the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that concretely comprising the following steps of described step S300:

S310. according to user personality, the every weights of utility function and customer parameter value are determined；

S320. calculate each charging station value of utility to user according to electric automobile and charging station real time information, obtain object function；

S330. optimization object function, obtains optimum charging station selection strategy.