CN105842552B - A kind of microwave receiver noise-measuring system and measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of microwave receiver noise-measuring system and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种微波接收机的噪声测量装置，包括：定标源、馈源、数据采集单元、上位机实时显示单元；其中，所述馈源用于接收来自大气和定标源的微波辐射信号，然后将微波辐射信号输入到待测的微波接收机中；待测的微波接收机对微波辐射信号依次进行下变频、放大、滤波、检波、积分及低频放大处理，并输出电压信号；所述数据采集单元采集和存储接收机输出的电压信号，并传送至所述上位机实时显示单元；所述上位机实时显示单元根据观测的定标源对电压信号进行处理，得到接收机噪声温度和噪声系数，并对电压信号、接收机噪声温度和噪声系数做实时显示。
The present invention relates to a noise measuring device for a microwave receiver, comprising: a calibration source, a feed source, a data acquisition unit, and a real-time display unit of an upper computer; wherein, the feed source is used to receive microwave radiation from the atmosphere and the calibration source signal, and then input the microwave radiation signal into the microwave receiver under test; the microwave receiver under test sequentially performs down-conversion, amplification, filtering, wave detection, integration and low-frequency amplification processing on the microwave radiation signal, and outputs a voltage signal; The data acquisition unit collects and stores the voltage signal output by the receiver, and transmits it to the real-time display unit of the host computer; the real-time display unit of the host computer processes the voltage signal according to the observed calibration source, and obtains the receiver noise temperature and Noise figure, and real-time display of voltage signal, receiver noise temperature and noise figure.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及噪声测量领域，特别涉及一种微波接收机噪声测量装置及测量方法。The invention relates to the field of noise measurement, in particular to a microwave receiver noise measurement device and a measurement method.
背景技术Background technique
在接收机工作过程中，由于接收机噪声的加入限制了信号的信噪比和灵敏度，尤其是微波接收机所接收到的信号较为微弱，因此其噪声特性尤为重要，对系统灵敏度具有直接影响。In the working process of the receiver, the addition of receiver noise limits the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of the signal, especially the signal received by the microwave receiver is relatively weak, so its noise characteristics are particularly important and have a direct impact on system sensitivity.
接收机噪声温度和噪声系数作为衡量接收机的关键指标，目前一种测量方式是采用已知噪声源和噪声系数分析仪进行测量。使用噪声源产生的噪声驱动待测接收机，通过噪声系数分析仪测量待测接收机的输出；由于噪声系数分析仪已知噪声源的输入噪声和信噪比，待测接收机的噪声系数可在内部计算并直接在屏幕上显示。虽然噪声系数分析仪是测量噪声系数的最直接方法，但这种方法的缺点在于：1)噪声系数分析仪所测接收机频率受已知噪声源频率限制，通用的噪声源采用低结电容的二极管，频率一般低于50GHz，高频噪声源需要国外进口且价格昂贵，因此该方法不能够满足测量高频率接收机噪声系数的要求；2)通过噪声系数分析仪进行噪声测量的误差随着接收机噪声系数的增大而迅速增大，因此该方法仅适用于较低噪声系数的接收机。Receiver noise temperature and noise figure are the key indicators to measure the receiver. At present, a measurement method is to use a known noise source and a noise figure analyzer to measure. Use the noise generated by the noise source to drive the receiver under test, and measure the output of the receiver under test through the noise figure analyzer; since the noise figure analyzer knows the input noise and signal-to-noise ratio of the noise source, the noise figure of the receiver under test can be Calculated internally and displayed directly on the screen. Although the noise figure analyzer is the most direct method to measure the noise figure, the disadvantages of this method are: 1) The frequency of the receiver measured by the noise figure analyzer is limited by the frequency of the known noise source. Diodes, the frequency is generally lower than 50GHz, and the high-frequency noise source needs to be imported from abroad and is expensive, so this method cannot meet the requirements of measuring the noise figure of high-frequency receivers; 2) The error of noise measurement through the noise figure analyzer increases with the Therefore, this method is only suitable for receivers with lower noise figures.
另一种噪声系数的测量方法是通过测量接收机增益和输出功率谱密度而计算得到。器件可利用的噪声功率为：Another noise figure measurement method is calculated by measuring the receiver gain and output power spectral density. The noise power available to the device is:
PNA＝KTΔF，其中K为波尔兹曼常量(1.38*1023焦耳/K)，T为温度(单位为开尔文K)，ΔF为噪声带宽(单位为赫兹Hz)；PNA=KTΔF, where K is the Boltzmann constant (1.38*10 23 joules/K), T is the temperature (in Kelvin K), and ΔF is the noise bandwidth (in Hz);
当室温为290K时，噪声功率谱密度为：PNAD＝-174dBm/Hz；When the room temperature is 290K, the noise power spectral density is: PNAD＝-174dBm/Hz;
因此噪声系数有如下公式：Therefore, the noise figure has the following formula:
NF＝PNOUT-(-174dBm/Hz+20log10(BW)+Gain)NF＝PNOUT-(-174dBm/Hz+20log 10 (BW)+Gain)
其中，PNOUT是已测的总输出噪声功率，-174dBm/Hz时290K时环境噪声的功率谱密度，BW为接收机的频率带宽，Gain为接收机增益，NF为接收机的噪声系数。Among them, PNOUT is the total output noise power measured, the power spectral density of ambient noise at 290K at -174dBm/Hz, BW is the frequency bandwidth of the receiver, Gain is the receiver gain, and NF is the noise figure of the receiver.
为简化公式，可直接测量输出噪声功率谱密度(dBm/Hz)，该公式变为：To simplify the equation, the output noise power spectral density (dBm/Hz) can be measured directly, the equation becomes:
NF＝PNOUTD+174dBm/Hz-GainNF＝PNOUTD+174dBm/Hz-Gain
该方法需要预先确定接收机增益和输出功率谱密度，可通过频谱分析仪测得，这种方法的缺点在于：所测噪声功率谱密度受到频谱分析仪噪声基底的限制，当噪声系数较低(一般小于10dB)时，(PNOUTD-Gain)接近于-170dBm/Hz，当接收机增益为20dB时，需要测量-150dBm/Hz的噪声功率谱密度，这个值低于大部分频谱分析仪的噪声基底。因此该方法适用于系统增益较高或噪声系数非常高(例如高于30dB)的情况。This method needs to predetermine the receiver gain and output power spectral density, which can be measured by a spectrum analyzer. The disadvantage of this method is that the measured noise power spectral density is limited by the noise floor of the spectrum analyzer. When the noise figure is low ( Generally less than 10dB), (PNOUTD-Gain) is close to -170dBm/Hz, when the receiver gain is 20dB, it is necessary to measure the noise power spectral density of -150dBm/Hz, which is lower than the noise floor of most spectrum analyzers . Therefore, this method is suitable for situations where the system gain is relatively high or the noise figure is very high (for example, higher than 30dB).
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于现有技术中的用于微波接收机的噪声测量装置与方法适应范围较窄的缺陷，从而提供一种适用范围广，测试过程简单、直观的测量装置与方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a measurement device and method with a wide range of application and a simple and intuitive testing process due to the defect that the noise measurement device and method for microwave receivers in the prior art have a narrow adaptability range.
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种微波接收机的噪声测量装置，包括：定标源、馈源、数据采集单元、上位机实时显示单元；其中，In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a noise measurement device for a microwave receiver, including: a calibration source, a feed source, a data acquisition unit, and a real-time display unit of an upper computer; wherein,
所述馈源用于接收来自大气和定标源的微波辐射信号，然后将微波辐射信号输入到待测的微波接收机中；待测的微波接收机对微波辐射信号依次进行下变频、放大、滤波、检波、积分及低频放大处理，并输出电压信号；所述数据采集单元采集和存储接收机输出的电压信号，并传送至所述上位机实时显示单元；所述上位机实时显示单元根据观测的定标源对电压信号进行处理，得到接收机噪声温度和噪声系数，并对电压信号、接收机噪声温度和噪声系数做实时显示。The feed source is used to receive microwave radiation signals from the atmosphere and calibration sources, and then input the microwave radiation signals into the microwave receiver to be tested; the microwave receiver to be tested sequentially down-converts, amplifies, and Filtering, detection, integration and low-frequency amplification processing, and output voltage signal; the data acquisition unit collects and stores the voltage signal output by the receiver, and transmits it to the real-time display unit of the upper computer; the real-time display unit of the upper computer according to the observation The calibration source processes the voltage signal to obtain the receiver noise temperature and noise figure, and displays the voltage signal, receiver noise temperature and noise figure in real time.
上述技术方案中，所述定标源包括冷源和热源；所述冷源为经液氮冷却的微波吸收黑体，作为低温参考源；所述热源为常温定标黑体，提供相当于环境温度的标准亮温，作为高温参考源。In the above technical solution, the calibration source includes a cold source and a heat source; the cold source is a microwave-absorbing black body cooled by liquid nitrogen as a low-temperature reference source; the heat source is a calibration black body at normal temperature, providing a temperature equivalent to the ambient temperature Standard brightness temperature, as a high temperature reference source.
上述技术方案中，所述数据采集单元的采集速率为0～200KHz，其采集速率能够调节。In the above technical solution, the acquisition rate of the data acquisition unit is 0-200KHz, and the acquisition rate can be adjusted.
本发明还提供了采用所述微波接收机的噪声测量装置所实现的测量方法，包括：The present invention also provides a measurement method implemented by the noise measurement device using the microwave receiver, including:
步骤1)、待测的微波接收机上电，确认系统工作正常；Step 1), power on the microwave receiver to be tested, and confirm that the system works normally;
步骤2)、通过上位机实时显示单元显示微波接收机的输出电压，当微波接收机输出稳定后，将馈源对准冷源，记录微波接收机观测冷源时的输出电压并求均值；Step 2), display the output voltage of the microwave receiver through the real-time display unit of the host computer, when the output of the microwave receiver is stable, align the feed source with the cold source, record the output voltage when the microwave receiver observes the cold source and calculate the average value;
步骤3)、将馈源对准热源，记录微波接收机输出电压并求均值；Step 3), aim the feed source at the heat source, record the output voltage of the microwave receiver and calculate the average value;
步骤4)、微波接收机输出电压和接收机噪声温度之间存在如下关系：Step 4), there is following relationship between microwave receiver output voltage and receiver noise temperature:
VL＝G(Trec+TL)V L ＝G(T rec +T L )
VH＝G(Trec+TH) (1)V H =G(T rec +T H ) (1)
其中，VL为接收机观测冷源时的输出电压均值；TL为液氮冷源温度80K；VH为接收机观测热源时的输出电压均值；TH为常温定标黑体的温度，为测试环境下的环境温度；G为接收机增益；Trec为接收机噪声温度；其中，接收机噪声温度Trec和接收机增益G为未知量；Among them, V L is the average value of the output voltage when the receiver observes the cold source; T L is the temperature of the liquid nitrogen cold source at 80K; V H is the average output voltage when the receiver observes the heat source; T H is the temperature of the calibration blackbody at normal temperature, which is Ambient temperature under the test environment; G is the receiver gain; T rec is the receiver noise temperature; wherein, the receiver noise temperature T rec and the receiver gain G are unknown quantities;
由所述方程(1)计算得到接收机噪声温度Trec和接收机增益G，并由上位机实时显示单元进行实时显示；Receiver noise temperature T rec and receiver gain G are calculated by described equation (1), and are displayed in real time by the host computer real-time display unit;
步骤5)、微波接收机噪声温度和噪声系数之间存在如下关系：Step 5), there is the following relationship between the microwave receiver noise temperature and the noise figure:
Trec＝(F-1)T0 NF＝10·log10F (2)T rec = (F-1) T 0 NF = 10·log 10 F (2)
其中，NF为接收机的噪声系数；F为接收机噪声因数；T0为环境温度；Among them, NF is the noise figure of the receiver; F is the noise factor of the receiver; T 0 is the ambient temperature;
由所述方程(2)计算得到接收机噪声系数F，并由上位机实时显示单元进行实时显示。The noise factor F of the receiver is calculated by the equation (2), and is displayed in real time by the real-time display unit of the upper computer.
本发明的优点在于：The advantages of the present invention are:
1、本发明的噪声测量装置不需要噪声系数分析仪或频谱仪的配合，噪声测量误差不累积，不会随着接收机噪声系数的增大而增大；1. The noise measurement device of the present invention does not require the cooperation of a noise figure analyzer or a spectrum analyzer, and the noise measurement error does not accumulate and will not increase with the increase of the receiver noise figure;
2、本发明的噪声测量装置测试过程简单、结果显示直观且携带方便，尤其适用于野外试验等。2. The noise measurement device of the present invention has a simple test process, intuitive result display and easy portability, and is especially suitable for field tests and the like.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的微波接收机的噪声测量装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the noise measuring device of microwave receiver of the present invention;
图2是待测的微波接收机的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the microwave receiver to be tested;
图3是本发明的微波接收机的噪声测量方法的流程图。Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the noise measurement method of the microwave receiver of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
现结合附图对本发明作进一步的描述。The present invention will be further described now in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
图1为本发明的一种微波接收机的噪声测量装置的结构示意图。如图所示，本发明的噪声测量装置包括定标源、馈源、数据采集单元、上位机实时显示单元；其中，所述馈源用于接收来自大气和定标源的微波辐射信号，然后将微波辐射信号输入到待测的微波接收机中；待测的微波接收机对微波辐射信号依次进行下变频、放大、滤波、检波、积分及低频放大处理，并输出电压信号；所述数据采集单元采集和存储接收机输出的电压信号，并传送至所述上位机实时显示单元；所述上位机实时显示单元根据观测的定标源对电压信号进行处理，得到接收机噪声温度和噪声系数，并对电压信号、接收机噪声温度和噪声系数做实时显示。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a noise measuring device for a microwave receiver according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the noise measurement device of the present invention includes a calibration source, a feed source, a data acquisition unit, and a real-time display unit of an upper computer; wherein, the feed source is used to receive microwave radiation signals from the atmosphere and the calibration source, and then Input the microwave radiation signal into the microwave receiver to be tested; the microwave receiver to be tested sequentially performs down-conversion, amplification, filtering, wave detection, integration and low-frequency amplification processing on the microwave radiation signal, and outputs a voltage signal; the data acquisition The unit collects and stores the voltage signal output by the receiver, and transmits it to the real-time display unit of the host computer; the real-time display unit of the host computer processes the voltage signal according to the observed calibration source to obtain the receiver noise temperature and noise figure, It can also display the voltage signal, receiver noise temperature and noise figure in real time.
下面对本发明的噪声测量装置中的部件做进一步说明。The components in the noise measuring device of the present invention will be further described below.
所述定标源包括冷源和热源；所述冷源为经液氮冷却的微波吸收黑体，作为低温参考源；所述热源为常温定标黑体，提供相当于环境温度的标准亮温，作为高温参考源。The calibration source includes a cold source and a heat source; the cold source is a microwave-absorbing blackbody cooled by liquid nitrogen as a low-temperature reference source; the heat source is a calibration blackbody at room temperature, which provides a standard brightness temperature equivalent to the ambient temperature, as High temperature reference source.
所述数据采集单元的采集速率为0～200KHz，其采集速率可调。The acquisition rate of the data acquisition unit is 0-200KHz, and the acquisition rate is adjustable.
图2为待测的微波接收机的结构示意图，如图所示，待测的微波接收机包括：本振、低噪放大器、混频器、中频放大器、滤波器、检波器、积分器和低频放大器；馈源接收到的信号，经射频放大以后由本振和混频器完成射频至中频的频率下变换，然后由中频放大器放大，最后由检波器完成中频至低频的转换，在经过积分器对低频信号进行平滑处理，最后经过低频放大输出至数据采集单元进行数据处理。另外，基于上述接收机的结构，所述接收机单元工作频率不受限制，经下变频、放大、滤波、检波、积分及低频放大处理后，输出电压信号范围是-10V～10V。Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the microwave receiver to be tested. As shown in the figure, the microwave receiver to be tested includes: local oscillator, low noise amplifier, mixer, intermediate frequency amplifier, filter, detector, integrator and low frequency Amplifier; the signal received by the feed source is amplified by the radio frequency, and the frequency conversion from the radio frequency to the intermediate frequency is completed by the local oscillator and the mixer, and then amplified by the intermediate frequency amplifier, and finally the conversion from the intermediate frequency to the low frequency is completed by the detector. The low-frequency signal is smoothed, and finally the low-frequency amplified output is sent to the data acquisition unit for data processing. In addition, based on the structure of the above receiver, the operating frequency of the receiver unit is not limited. After down-conversion, amplification, filtering, detection, integration and low-frequency amplification, the output voltage signal range is -10V～10V.
采用本发明的噪声测量装置能够实现对微波接收机的噪声测量，如图3所示，本发明的噪声测量方法包括如下步骤：Adopt noise measurement device of the present invention to be able to realize the noise measurement to microwave receiver, as shown in Figure 3, noise measurement method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1)微波接收机上电，确认系统工作正常；1) Power on the microwave receiver and confirm that the system is working normally;
2)通过上位机实时显示单元显示微波接收机输出电压，当微波接收机输出稳定后，将馈源对准冷源，记录微波接收机观测冷源时的输出电压并求均值；2) Display the output voltage of the microwave receiver through the real-time display unit of the host computer. When the output of the microwave receiver is stable, align the feed source with the cold source, record the output voltage of the microwave receiver when observing the cold source, and calculate the average value;
3)将馈源对准热源，同时记录微波接收机输出电压，并求均值；3) Aim the feed source at the heat source, record the output voltage of the microwave receiver at the same time, and calculate the average value;
4)由于微波接收机可视为线性系统，接收机输出电压和接收机噪声温度之间存在如下关系：4) Since the microwave receiver can be regarded as a linear system, there is the following relationship between the output voltage of the receiver and the noise temperature of the receiver:
VL＝G(Trec+TL)V L ＝G(T rec +T L )
VH＝G(Trec+TH) (1)V H =G(T rec +T H ) (1)
其中，VL为接收机观测冷源时的输出电压均值；TL为液氮冷源温度80K；VH为接收机观测热源时的输出电压均值；TH为常温定标黑体的温度，为测试环境下的环境温度；G为接收机增益；Trec为接收机噪声温度；其中，接收机噪声温度Trec和接收机增益G为未知量。Among them, V L is the average value of the output voltage when the receiver observes the cold source; T L is the temperature of the liquid nitrogen cold source at 80K; V H is the average output voltage when the receiver observes the heat source; T H is the temperature of the calibration blackbody at normal temperature, which is The ambient temperature under the test environment; G is the receiver gain; T rec is the receiver noise temperature; among them, the receiver noise temperature T rec and the receiver gain G are unknown quantities.
通过所述方程(1)，可得接收机噪声温度Trec和接收机增益G，并由上位机实时显示单元进行实时显示；By said equation (1), the receiver noise temperature T rec and the receiver gain G can be obtained, and are displayed in real time by the host computer real-time display unit;
5)由于接收机噪声温度和噪声系数之间存在如下关系：5) Since there is the following relationship between the receiver noise temperature and the noise figure:
Trec＝(F-1)T0 NF＝10·log10F (2)T rec = (F-1) T 0 NF = 10·log 10 F (2)
其中，NF为接收机的噪声系数；F为接收机噪声因数；T0为环境温度；Among them, NF is the noise figure of the receiver; F is the noise factor of the receiver; T 0 is the ambient temperature;
通过所述方程(2)，可得接收机噪声系数F，并由上位机实时显示单元进行实时显示。Through the equation (2), the noise factor F of the receiver can be obtained and displayed in real time by the real-time display unit of the upper computer.
综上所述，本发明的一种微波接收机的噪声测量装置和测量方法测试过程不需要频谱分析仪、噪声系数分析仪以及噪声源的配合，即可实现对接收机噪声温度和噪声系数的测量，节约成本且测试过程简单、操作方便；另外，对接收机工作频率和噪声系数没有限制条件，应用广泛，实用性强。In summary, the noise measurement device and measurement method of a microwave receiver of the present invention do not require the cooperation of a spectrum analyzer, a noise figure analyzer and a noise source during the test process, and can realize the measurement of the noise temperature and noise figure of the receiver. The measurement saves cost, the test process is simple, and the operation is convenient; in addition, there are no restrictions on the operating frequency and noise figure of the receiver, and it is widely used and practical.
最后所应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制。尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent replacements to the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of the claims.
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