CN105841839B - A method of utilizing optical fiber sagnac interferometer measuring temperature field - Google Patents

A method of utilizing optical fiber sagnac interferometer measuring temperature field Download PDF

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CN105841839B
CN105841839B CN201610165571.XA CN201610165571A CN105841839B CN 105841839 B CN105841839 B CN 105841839B CN 201610165571 A CN201610165571 A CN 201610165571A CN 105841839 B CN105841839 B CN 105841839B
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optical fiber
sagnac rings
fiber sagnac
temperature
rings
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CN105841839A (en
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祝连庆
何巍
骆飞
刘锋
张钰民
闫光
董明利
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Beijing Information Science and Technology University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/32Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of methods using optical fiber sagnac interferometer measuring temperature field, and described method includes following steps:A) cascade Sagnac interferometer measuring systems are built, the system comprises wideband light source pumping source, the first rare earth doped element optical fiber, the second rare earth doped element optical fiber, a wavelength division multiplexer, the first photo-coupler, the second photo-coupler, the first optical fiber Sagnac rings, isolator, the second optical fiber Sagnac rings, spectrometers;B) the first optical fiber Sagnac rings and the second optical fiber Sagnac rings are placed in the environment of controllable temperature, carry out temperature calibration;C) temperature in Gradual scene change, the spectrum of spectrometer collection the second optical fiber Sagnac rings output, the length of record comb spectrum movement, the relation curve that fitting comb spectrum wavelength shift varies with temperature;D) relation curve that be fitted comb spectrum wavelength shift varies with temperature is utilized to measure environment to be measured into trip temperature.

Description

A method of utilizing optical fiber sagnac interferometer measuring temperature field
Technical field
It is the present invention relates to fiber optic interferometric field, more particularly to a kind of using optical fiber sagnac interferometer measuring temperature field Method.
Background technology
In general, the sensor of optical fiber has, compact-sized, service life is long, transmission channel sensitive to test volume mostly etc. Advantage is widely used in the fields such as Fibre Optical Sensor, fiber optic communication, optical manufacturing.By fiber end face micro-processing technology or build Full-fiber sensor with interference structure exports the interference spectral curve with pectination spectral pattern under pumping source effect.2011 Nian Fanlin is brave et al. to devise a kind of Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on twin-core fiber, is applied to magnetic field, temperature and dependent variable It measures, it is about 10dBm that interference fringe, which serves as a contrast amplitude ratio, and fringe spacing is about 2nm.Two three-dB coupler systems of Zou Hui in 2013 et al. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer of two-stage structure is constituted in conjunction with twin-core fiber at Mach-Zehnder interference system, striped lining amplitude ratio is about 30dBm.Optical fiber mach-Zehnder interferometer has the advantages such as simple in structure, fringe contrast is high, comb spectrum is intensive, is commonly used for Sensory field of optic fibre.
However, the precision of such method measuring temperature is not very high, cannot meet the needs of some high-precision occasions.Grade Connection Sagnac interferometer structures are simple and are easily achieved, and it is dilute in two sections of doping which by two optical fiber Sagnac rings forms welding In earth elements optical fiber, rare earth doped optical fibre is also used as the gain media of sensor.There can be utilization to be based on therefore, it is necessary to a kind of The system and method for cascading Sagnac interferometer accurate temperature measurements.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods using optical fiber sagnac interferometer measuring temperature field, at one Aspect, the measurement method include the following steps:
A) cascade Sagnac interferometer measuring systems are built, the system comprises wideband light source pumping source, the first doping are dilute Earth elements optical fiber, the second rare earth doped element optical fiber, a wavelength division multiplexer, the first photo-coupler, the second photo-coupler, first Optical fiber Sagnac rings, isolator, the second optical fiber Sagnac rings, spectrometer;
B) the first optical fiber Sagnac rings and the second optical fiber Sagnac rings are placed in the environment of controllable temperature, carry out the scale of thermometer It is fixed;
C) temperature in Gradual scene change, the spectrum of spectrometer collection the second optical fiber Sagnac rings output, records pectination The dynamic length of spectral shift, the relation curve that fitting comb spectrum wavelength shift varies with temperature;
D) relation curve that be fitted comb spectrum wavelength shift varies with temperature is utilized to survey environment to be measured into trip temperature Amount.
In one aspect, the measurement method, the first optical fiber Sagnac rings include polarization maintaining optical fibre, Polarization Control Device, the second optical fiber Sagnac rings include polarization maintaining optical fibre, Polarization Controller;The first optical fiber Sagnac rings and the first doping Rare earth element optical fiber is connected by the first photo-coupler, and the second optical fiber Sagnac rings and the second rare earth doped element optical fiber are logical Cross the connection of the second photo-coupler.
In one aspect, the measurement method enters the second light by the light that the first optical fiber Sagnac rings project Fine Sagnac rings carry out secondary filter.
In one aspect, the measurement method is connected as welding mode described in the step a).
In one aspect, the method for the measurement method, the temperature of the change environment described in the step c) makes to do Interferometer stretches or bending.
In one aspect, the measurement method, the rare earth doped element optical fiber are situated between as the gain of fibre optical sensor Matter.
In one aspect, the measurement method, the wavelength division multiplexer couple pump light, after the coupling Pump light enter the doped fiber.
In one aspect, the measurement method, the relation curve that the comb spectrum wavelength shift varies with temperature are logical It crosses linear fit or least square method is fitted.
In one aspect, the measurement method, the polarization maintaining optical fibre length described in the first Sagnac rings are 1.5m- 2.5m, the polarization maintaining optical fibre length described in the 2nd Sagnac rings are 0.5m-1.5m.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of cascade Sagnac interference for the measuring temperature field method Instrument measuring system, which is characterized in that the measuring system includes sequentially connected wideband light source pumping source, a wavelength-division multiplex Device, the first rare earth doped element optical fiber, the first photo-coupler, the first optical fiber Sagnac rings, isolator, the second photo-coupler, Two optical fiber Sagnac rings, the second rare earth doped element optical fiber, spectrometer;The first optical fiber Sagnac rings include polarization maintaining optical fibre, Polarization Controller, the second optical fiber Sagnac rings include polarization maintaining optical fibre, Polarization Controller;The first optical fiber Sagnac rings with First rare earth doped element optical fiber is connected by the first photo-coupler, the second optical fiber Sagnac rings and second rare earth doped yuan Plain optical fiber is connected by the second photo-coupler.
It should be appreciated that aforementioned description substantially and follow-up description in detail are exemplary illustration and explanation, it should not As the limitation to the claimed content of the present invention.
Description of the drawings
With reference to the attached drawing of accompanying, the more purposes of the present invention, function and advantage are by the as follows of embodiment through the invention Description is illustrated, wherein:
Fig. 1 schematically shows present invention cascade Sagnac interferometer temperature measurement systems;
Fig. 2 shows the operation principles of cascade Sagnac rings of the invention;
Fig. 3 shows the oscillogram that comb spectrum wavelength shift of the present invention varies with temperature;
Fig. 4 shows the curve that comb spectrum wavelength shift of the present invention varies with temperature.
Specific implementation mode
By reference to exemplary embodiment, the purpose of the present invention and function and the side for realizing these purposes and function Method will be illustrated.However, the present invention is not limited to exemplary embodiment as disclosed below;Can by different form come It is realized.The essence of specification is only to aid in the detail of the various equivalent modifications Integrated Understanding present invention.
Hereinafter, the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.In the accompanying drawings, identical reference numeral represents identical Or similar component or same or like step.
The present invention provides a kind of method using optical fiber sagnac interferometer measuring temperature field, in the present embodiment, such as Sagnac interferometer temperature measurement systems, the cascade Sagnac interferometer measuring systems are cascaded shown in Fig. 1, including are connected successively 101, wavelength division multiplexers 102 of the wideband light source pumping source connect, the first rare earth doped element optical fiber 103, the first optical fiber Sagnac rings 104, isolator 105, the second optical fiber Sagnac rings 106, the second rare earth doped element optical fiber 107, spectrometer 108; It includes polarization maintaining optical fibre 109a, Polarization Controller 110a, the second optical fiber to cascade Sagnac interferometer the first optical fiber Sagnac rings 104 Sagnac rings 106 include polarization maintaining optical fibre 109b, Polarization Controller 110b.First optical fiber Sagnac rings 104 and first rare earth doped Element optical fiber 103 is connected by the first photo-coupler 111, the second optical fiber Sagnac rings 106 and the second rare earth doped element optical fiber 107 are connected by the second photo-coupler 112.In first optical fiber Sagnac rings 104, polarization maintaining optical fibre 109a length is 1.5m-2.5m, It is preferred that 2m;In second optical fiber Sagnac rings 106, polarization maintaining optical fibre 109b length is 0.5m-1.5m, preferably 1m.Wideband light source pumps The light that source 101 is sent out synthesizes by wavelength division multiplexer 102 with the optocoupler in optical fiber a branch of, passes through the first rare earth doped element optical fiber Enter in the first optical fiber Sagnac rings 104 after 103 and be divided into two-beam and interfered, the light after interference passes through the first photo-coupler It is entered after 111 and is divided into two-beam in second optical fiber Sagnac rings 106 and is interfered, the light after interference passes through the second photo-coupler Enter the second rare earth doped element optical fiber 107 after 112, optical signal is acquired by spectrometer 108.First optical fiber Sagnac rings 104 The isolator 105 arranged between the second optical fiber Sagnac rings 106 ensure that the propagation of light in one direction.
Principle of the light in transmission process is detailed below:
The operation principle of cascade Sagnac rings shown in Fig. 2, light enter the first light by the first rare earth doped element optical fiber 203 Light in fine Sagnac rings 204 is divided into two beams.Polarization Controller 210a and polarization maintaining optical fibre in the first optical fiber Sagnac rings 209a ensures that linear polarization is constant.The transmissivity of first optical fiber Sagnac rings 204 can be expressed as:
Wherein θ 1 is through the polarization angle after polarization maintaining optical fibre, and θ 2 is through the polarization angle after Polarization Controller, and β is The propagation constant of Sagnac rings, L are the length of polarization maintaining optical fibre, and Δ n is birefringence.By the first optical fiber Sagnac rings 204 light projected carry out secondary filter, Polarization Controller by entering the second optical fiber Sagnac rings 206 after the first coupler 211 210b and polarization maintaining optical fibre 209b ensures that linear polarization is constant, and intensity in transmission Iout is expressed as:
The π L Δ n/ λ of β=2, (3)
Wherein t1 and t2 is the transmissivity of Sagnac rings, and the light of injection is coupled by the second coupler 212, through the second doping The comb spectrum exported by spectrometer collection after rare earth element optical fiber 207.First optical fiber Sagnac rings 204 and the second optical fiber Sagnac The isolator 205 arranged between ring 206 ensure that the propagation of light in one direction.In the comb spectrum of acquisition, the wave of adjacent peak Long interval is related with centre wavelength, polarization state, fiber lengths.Sensing testing is carried out using the comb spectrum, when interferometer is by outer When boundary influences that two-arm optical path difference is caused to change, interference comb spectrum changes, and interference fringe generates movement.
The method that optical fiber sagnac interferometer measuring temperature field is utilized in the present embodiment, specific steps are detailed below It is as follows:The cascade Sagnac interferometer measuring systems are built, the system comprises the width that the mode for passing sequentially through welding connects 101, wavelength division multiplexers 102 of band light source pumping source, the first rare earth doped element optical fiber 103, the first optical fiber Sagnac rings 104, isolator 105, the second optical fiber Sagnac rings 106, the second rare earth doped element optical fiber 107, spectrometer 108;Cascade Sagnac interferometers the first optical fiber Sagnac rings 104 include polarization maintaining optical fibre 109a, Polarization Controller 110a, the second optical fiber Sagnac Ring 106 includes polarization maintaining optical fibre 109b, Polarization Controller 110b.First optical fiber Sagnac rings 104 and the first rare earth doped element light Fibre 103 is connected by the first photo-coupler 111, and the second optical fiber Sagnac rings 106 pass through with the second rare earth doped element optical fiber 107 Second photo-coupler 112 connects.First optical fiber Sagnac rings 104 and the second optical fiber Sagnac rings 106 are placed in controllable temperature In environment:Epoxy resin (Epoxy Resin) or acrylate are chosen as adhesive, with adhesive means respectively by the first optical fiber Sagnac rings 104 and the second optical fiber Sagnac rings 106 are fixed on the surface of material 113, and the material fixed is placed in temperature In the environment of 114 top controllable temperature of controller, temperature calibration is carried out.Change the item of environment temperature by temperature controller 114 Interferometer is stretched or is bent under part, it is preferable that causes interferometer polarization state to occur accordingly by increasing temperature in the present embodiment So as to cause comb spectrum red shift or blue shift occur for variation, and with the increase of tensile elongation, i.e., axial microstress increases, comb filtering The transmission spectrum of device is moved to shortwave direction.Spectrometer 108 acquires the comb spectrum of the second optical fiber Sagnac rings 106 output, such as Fig. 3 institutes Show the oscillogram that comb spectrum wavelength shift varies with temperature, the length of record comb spectrum movement, fitting comb spectrum wavelength shift with Linear Quasi can be used in the curve of temperature change, the curve that comb spectrum wavelength shift as shown in Figure 4 varies with temperature, curve matching It closes, as shown in formula 5.
Y=ax+b (5)
Least square fitting can also be used in curve matching, and matched curve can be released by following equatioies (6) and (7).
Solving equations find out a0And a1, so that it may construct the approximating function for meeting square approach condition.
F (x)=a0+a1x (8)。
It utilizes be fitted comb spectrum wavelength shift to vary with temperature curve and treats environment into trip temperature measurement.
Explanation in conjunction with the present invention disclosed here and practice, the other embodiment of the present invention is for those skilled in the art It all will be readily apparent and understand.Illustrate and embodiment is regarded only as being exemplary, true scope of the invention and purport are equal It is defined in the claims.

Claims (9)

1. a method of utilizing optical fiber sagnac interferometer measuring temperature field, which is characterized in that the method includes as follows Step:
A) build cascade Sagnac interferometer measuring systems, the system comprises sequentially connected wideband light source pumping source, one Wavelength division multiplexer, the first rare earth doped element optical fiber, the first optical fiber Sagnac rings, isolator, the second optical fiber Sagnac rings, second Rare earth doped element optical fiber, spectrometer;It includes polarization maintaining optical fibre, Polarization Control to cascade Sagnac interferometer the first optical fiber Sagnac rings Device, the second optical fiber Sagnac rings include polarization maintaining optical fibre, Polarization Controller;First optical fiber Sagnac rings and the first rare earth doped element Optical fiber is connected by the first photo-coupler, and the second optical fiber Sagnac rings and the second rare earth doped element optical fiber pass through the second optical coupling Device connects;
B) by the first optical fiber Sagnac rings and the second optical fiber Sagnac rings by epoxy resin or acrylate be used as adhesive with Adhesive means are separately fixed on the surface of material, and the material fixed is placed in the environment of controllable temperature above temperature controller In, carry out temperature calibration;
C) temperature in Gradual scene change, the spectrum of spectrometer collection the second optical fiber Sagnac rings output, records pectination spectral shift Dynamic length, the relation curve that fitting comb spectrum wavelength shift varies with temperature;
D) relation curve that be fitted comb spectrum wavelength shift varies with temperature is utilized to measure environment to be measured into trip temperature.
2. the method for measuring temperature field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that pass through the first optical fiber Sagnac rings The light of injection enters the second optical fiber Sagnac rings and carries out secondary filter.
3. the method for measuring temperature field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be connected as welding side described in step a) Formula.
4. the method for measuring temperature field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the change environment described in step c) The method of temperature makes interferometer stretch or be bent.
5. the method for measuring temperature field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first rare earth doped element optical fiber Gain media with the described second rare earth doped element optical fiber as fibre optical sensor.
6. the method for measuring temperature field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the wavelength division multiplexer is to pump light It is coupled, the pump light after the coupling enters the doped fiber.
7. the method for measuring temperature field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the comb spectrum wavelength shift is with temperature The relation curve of degree variation is fitted by linear fit or least square method.
8. the method for measuring temperature field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute in the first optical fiber Sagnac rings The polarization maintaining optical fibre length stated is 1.5m-2.5m, and the polarization maintaining optical fibre length described in the second optical fiber Sagnac rings is 0.5m- 1.5m。
9. a kind of for utilizing the cascade Sagnac of the method for optical fiber sagnac interferometer measuring temperature field described in claim 1 Interferometer measuring system, which is characterized in that the measuring system includes that sequentially connected wideband light source pumping source, wavelength-division are multiple With device, the first rare earth doped element optical fiber, the first photo-coupler, the first optical fiber Sagnac rings, isolator, the second photo-coupler, Second optical fiber Sagnac rings, the second rare earth doped element optical fiber, spectrometer;The first optical fiber Sagnac rings include polarization-maintaining light Fine, Polarization Controller, the second optical fiber Sagnac rings include polarization maintaining optical fibre, Polarization Controller;The first optical fiber Sagnac Ring is connect with the first rare earth doped element optical fiber by the first photo-coupler, and the second optical fiber Sagnac rings and the second doping are dilute Earth elements optical fiber is connected by the second photo-coupler.
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CN107271077A (en) * 2017-07-13 2017-10-20 燕山大学 A kind of insensitive temperature sensor of pulling force based on Sagnac principle
CN112816096B (en) * 2021-03-08 2024-06-07 杭州电子科技大学 Cascade interferometer optical fiber temperature sensor based on vernier effect

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CN101639387A (en) * 2009-09-11 2010-02-03 北京航空航天大学 Optical fiber temperature sensor for detection based on wavelength corresponding to extreme value and temperature sensing method
CN102183318A (en) * 2011-03-08 2011-09-14 上海交通大学 Two-in-parallel high birefringence optical fiber sagnac interference ring multi-parameter sensor
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