CN105841669A - Precise leveling detection method based on differential technology and telescopic indium steel bar code ruler - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a precise leveling detection method based on differential technology and a telescopic indium steel bar code ruler. The telescopic indium steel bar code ruler comprises an inner rectangular pipe, an outer rectangular pipe and a spiral pin; the inner rectangular steel pipe is sheathed in the outer rectangular steel pipe; the spiral pin is arranged on the outer rectangular steel pipe. The front side of the outer rectangular steel pipe is provided with the indium steel bar, and the back side is provided with a level indicator. The telescopic indium steel bar code can realize retractable length, is conducive to transport and carry, and can adapt to the reading of level indicator in different height. The precise leveling detection method can effectively eliminate the zero difference of the indium steel bar code ruler and error at the telescopic connection part, can meet and achieve requirements of precise leveling technology in the process of measurement of foundation settlement, especially has great value in building settlement observation. The invention has good economic and social benefits, and is worthy of popularization and application.

Description

A kind of based on differential technique with the precise leveling method of scalable indium steel bar yardstick

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of based on differential technique with the precise leveling method of scalable indium steel bar yardstick, belong to engineering Measure and Geodetic Technique field.

Background technology

Nowadays, during the settlement observation of the high-grade measurement of the level especially building, frequently with precision level and Levelling Chi.National regulation specifies that country three, fourth-order leveling use the wooden district form reversible rod of 2m or 3m, country First and second order leveling must use 3m indium steel ruler (joining precision optics level gauge) or 2m (or 3m) indium steel bar yardstick (joining precise electronic level gauge).Country's classified leveling is measured and definitely can not be used Sopwith staff or folding rule.But 2m (or 3m) Levelling rod carry extremely difficult, at present a lot of units of measurement especially do the unit of building subsidence observation, in order to transport The levelling rod of a piece 2m (or 3m), it is necessary to be equipped with a big long vehicle, and when transporting with dolly, be difficult to the 2m that sets aside concerns in car The levelling rod of (or 3m), it is impossible to fold or flexible levelling rod brings much inconvenience to transport, bring to unit simultaneously The biggest economic loss.

Chinese patent literature CN204831279U discloses a kind of building settlement deformation survey indium steel ruler, and this indium steel ruler includes Indium steel ruler body, suspension holdfast, the first telescopic supporting rod and the second telescopic supporting rod, suspension holdfast is fixed on indium steel ruler top Portion, one end of the first telescopic supporting rod and the second telescopic supporting rod is all hinged on indium steel ruler chi body sidewall, on chi body sidewall It is provided with air level, chi body sidewall is fixed with the first clamp and the second clamp, the first telescopic supporting rod and the second retractable support The structure of bar is identical and all includes outer space core bar, interior solid hopkinson bar and length adjusting screws, outer space core bar and the socket of interior solid hopkinson bar Together, length adjusting screws withstands on the outer surface of interior solid hopkinson bar through outer space core bar and end, and external hollow boom end cuts with scissors It is connected on the sidewall of indium steel ruler chi body.This indium steel ruler improves the safety of survey crew, improves certainty of measurement, saving Manpower, but this indium steel ruler cannot realize the flexible of its length, however it remains inconvenient to carry, the problem of transport difficult.

Chinese patent literature CN204575062U discloses the high accuracy indium steel ruler of a kind of band slidingtype telescopic outrigger, including indium Steel ruler body, the indium steel ruler body back side is provided with telescopic outrigger, and telescopic outrigger includes sleeve and the pipe being sheathed in sleeve, The upper end of sleeve is fixed on indium steel ruler body, and the lower end of sleeve is provided with knob, and the lower end of pipe is provided with leg.Should The telescopic outrigger of indium steel ruler improve external condition on measure impact, it is ensured that certainty of measurement, make measurement working performance and Accuracy rate is greatly improved, and can realize accurately measuring uneven ground or rugged surface, mountain area.But this indium steel ruler Position of improving be the supporting construction of indium steel ruler, the body for indium steel ruler does not improve, and still there is indium steel ruler and carries The problem of inconvenience.

Yet there are no the report being related to indium steel ruler body stretch mode, the most never have going out of telescopic indium steel ruler Sell.Tracing it to its cause, in leveling process, the precision of indium steel ruler is to ensure that one of key factor of measurement of the level precision, And use the indium steel ruler of adjustable in length, telescopic connection will certainly be there is when utilizing existing method to carry out the measurement of the level The precision impact that error is brought.

Summary of the invention

For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of telescopic indium steel bar yardstick, and propose a kind of new The method of precise leveling, utilizes scalable indium steel bar yardstick to coordinate the observation procedure of differential technique to can effectively ensure that level Precision during measurement, reaches the purpose of precise leveling.

Technical scheme is as follows:

A kind of scalable indium steel bar yardstick, including interior rectangular steel pipe, outer rectangular steel pipe and spiral pin, interior rectangle steel pipe socket It is located in outer rectangular steel pipe, described spiral pin is set on rectangular steel pipe outside, sets on the leading flank of rectangular steel pipe outside Have on indium steel barcode strip, trailing flank and be provided with spirit level.

Preferably, arranging the spiral pin described in 3-5 group outside on rectangular steel pipe, often group includes three spiral pins, often Three spiral pins of group are distributed on the same level cross section of outer rectangular steel pipe.The advantage of this design is, when interior rectangle When steel pipe stretches out in outer rectangular steel pipe, one can be fixed on by three groups of internal rectangular steel pipes of spiral pin and outer rectangular steel pipe Rise.

Preferably, three the spiral pins often organized are distributed in the following manner: the left and right sides of rectangular steel pipe is symmetrical arranged outside Two spiral pins, arrange a spiral pin outside on the trailing flank of rectangular steel pipe.

Preferably, the spacing of the spiral pin of described two adjacent groups is 200mm.

Preferably, the material of described interior rectangular steel pipe and outer rectangular steel pipe is aluminium alloy.

Preferably, the bottom of described interior rectangular steel pipe is provided with a pedestal, and the surface area of pedestal is more than the cross section of outer rectangular steel pipe Long-pending.The advantage of this design is, sets putting of a pedestal, beneficially indium steel bar yardstick in the bottom of interior rectangular steel pipe, increases Add the stability during indium steel bar yardstick is measured.

Preferably, the steel plate that described pedestal selects a thickness to be 8mm.

A kind of based on differential technique with the method for the precise leveling of scalable indium steel bar yardstick, comprise the following steps,

(1) take two scalable indium steel bar yardsticks, be numbered respectively as 1. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick and 2. number can Flexible indium steel bar yardstick；

(2) two scalable indium steel bar yardsticks difference value on bench mark BM is obtained: first by 1. number scalable indium steel Bar code ruler is erected on BM point, and it is a that level gauge reads its backsight₁；Then will 1. remove by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, To 2. be erected on same BM point by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, it is b that level gauge reads its forward reading₁, then BM point The discrepancy in elevation be: h_BM=a₁-b₁；Work as h_BMWhen ≠ 0, h_BMIt is 1. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick and 2. number scalable indium The comprehensive difference (the combined influence value of the difference of scalable indium steel bar yardstick zero point error and telescopic connection) of steel bar yardstick, This comprehensive difference is designated as Δ₁₂, then: Δ₁₂=a₁-b₁；

When first will 2. be erected on BM point by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, it is b that level gauge reads its backsight₁；Then 2. will remove by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, will 1. be erected on BM point by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, level gauge reads it Forward reading is a₁, then the discrepancy in elevation of BM point is: h_BM=b₁-a₁；Work as h_BMWhen ≠ 0, h_BMIt is 2. number scalable indium steel Comprehensive difference (scalable indium steel bar yardstick zero point error and the telescopic connection of bar code ruler and 1. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick The combined influence value of difference), this comprehensive difference is designated as Δ₂₁, then: Δ₂₁=b₁-a₁；

Due in observation process, the most 1. the observation of number scalable indium steel bar yardstick and 2. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick is suitable Sequence changes, and its length does not change, therefore, and Δ₂₁=-Δ₁₂=-(a₁-b₁), this difference is referred to as difference value；

(3) Excavation Settlement is measured:

First survey station: level gauge is placed between BM point and CJ1 point, 1. will be erected at BM by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick On point, reading its backsight is A₁, 2. will be erected on CJ1 point by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, and read its forward sight and read Number is B₁, the measurement discrepancy in elevation of the first survey station is:The then true discrepancy in elevation of the first survey station, i.e. BM point to CJ1 True discrepancy in elevation h of point₁For；

$h_1=h_1^0-{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}=(A_1-B_1)-{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}---\left(1\right)$

Second survey station: level gauge is placed between CJ1 point and CJ2 point, and by the 1. number scalable indium steel on BM point Bar code ruler is erected on CJ2 point, and 2. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick is still erected on CJ1 point, to 2. number scalable indium It is A that steel bar yardstick reads its backsight₂, it is B to 1. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick reads its forward reading₂, second surveys The measurement discrepancy in elevation stood is:The then true discrepancy in elevation of the second survey station, i.e. the true discrepancy in elevation of CJ1 to CJ2 point is:

$h_2=h_2^0-{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{21}=h_2^0+{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}=(A_2-B_2)+{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}---\left(2\right)$

3rd survey station: level gauge is placed between CJ2 point and CJ3 point, and by the 2. number scalable indium steel on CJ1 point Bar code ruler is erected on CJ3 point, and 1. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick is still erected on CJ2 point, to 1. number scalable indium It is A that steel bar yardstick reads its backsight₃, it is B to 2. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick reads its forward reading₃, the 3rd surveys The measurement discrepancy in elevation stood is:The then true discrepancy in elevation of the 3rd survey station, i.e. the true discrepancy in elevation of CJ2 point to CJ3 point For:

$h_2=h_3^0-{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}=(A_3-B_3)-{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}---\left(3\right)$

4th survey station: level gauge is placed between CJ3 point and CJ4 point, and by the 1. number scalable indium steel on CJ2 point Bar code ruler is erected on CJ4 point, and 2. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick is still erected on CJ3 point, to 2. number scalable indium It is A that steel bar yardstick reads its backsight₄, it is B to 1. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick reads its forward reading₄, the 4th surveys The measurement discrepancy in elevation stood is:The then true discrepancy in elevation of the 4th survey station, i.e. the true discrepancy in elevation of CJ3 point to CJ4 point For:

$h_4=h_4^0-{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{21}=h_4^0+{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}=(A_4-B_4)+{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}---\left(4\right)$

By that analogy, will 2. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick and 1. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick be alternately disposed in next turning point On, the discrepancy in elevation of each section can be measured；According to the discrepancy in elevation of each section and the elevation of known starting point BM point, each sedimentation can be obtained The elevation of observation station；When leveling observation route is closed leveling line, the mis-tie misclosure of leveling line is equal to the height of each survey section Difference sum, it may be assumed that f_h=∑ h_i, (i=1,2,3 ... n)

f_h=∑ h_i=(A₁-B₁)-Δ₁₂+(A₂-B₂)+Δ₁₂+(A₃-B₃)-Δ₁₂+------+(A_n-B_n)+Δ₁₂ (5)

From formula (5), when measuring station i is even stations, Δ₁₂Can cancel out each other, scalable indium steel bar yardstick zero The mis-tie misclosure of whole leveling line is not affected by the combined influence of point and scalable indium steel bar yardstick junction error；But it is right The elevation calculating each observation station has an impact, and when calculating each survey section discrepancy in elevation, odd number measuring station deducts Δ₁₂, even number is measured Stand plus Δ₁₂.As can be seen here, the actual measurement discrepancy in elevation after Difference Calculation is the true discrepancy in elevation of each survey section.

The beneficial effects of the present invention is:

The present invention scalable indium steel bar yardstick is capable of elongation and the shortening of length, facilitates length adjustment, is conducive to transport With carry, the level gauge that the most scalable indium steel bar yardstick is adapted to differing heights carries out reading；Coordinating the present invention's Precise leveling method, can effectively eliminate the error that the zero point of indium steel bar yardstick is different and scalable junction is brought, Can meet and reach the technology requirement of precise leveling during carrying out Excavation Settlement measurement, especially sink at building Fall observation has great using value, brings good economic and social benefit to units of measurement, have and well push away Wide using value.The indium steel bar code that the conventional fine measurement of the level also can be used by the leveling measuring method of this differential technique can The zero point error of flexible indium steel bar yardstick is tested and checks, and after Difference Calculation, can further improve conventional level The accuracy of observation measured.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the front view before the elongation of the present invention scalable indium steel bar yardstick；

Fig. 2 is the front view after the elongation of the present invention scalable indium steel bar yardstick；

Fig. 3 is the top view of the present invention scalable indium steel bar yardstick；

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram utilizing the present invention scalable indium steel bar yardstick to carry out when Excavation Settlement is measured.

Wherein: 1, indium steel barcode strip；2, interior rectangular steel pipe；3, outer rectangular steel pipe；4, spiral pin；5, pedestal； 6, bubble is justified；7, handrail.

Detailed description of the invention

Below by embodiment and combine accompanying drawing the present invention will be further described, but it is not limited to this.

Embodiment 1:

As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, a kind of scalable indium steel bar yardstick, including interior rectangular steel pipe 2, outer rectangular steel pipe 3 and spiral shell Rotation pin 4, interior rectangular steel pipe 2 is sheathed in outer rectangular steel pipe 3, arranges described spiral pin outside on rectangular steel pipe 3 4, the leading flank of rectangular steel pipe 3 is provided with on indium steel barcode strip 1, trailing flank and is provided with circular bubble outside, by circle water Round bubble 6 in quasi-device carries out the regulation of scalable indium steel bar yardstick upright position.The present invention scalable indium steel bar yardstick, profit Realize the flexible of indium steel bar yardstick length with the interior rectangular steel pipe being set in together and outer rectangular steel pipe, utilize screw pin simultaneously Bolt fixes the interior rectangular steel pipe after stretching out to keep the stability of indium steel bar yardstick, and measurement during precision is effectively ensured.

In in embodiment, the material of rectangular steel pipe 2 and outer rectangular steel pipe 3 is aluminium alloy.Outer rectangular steel pipe a length of 1000mm, a width of 85mm, thickness are 40mm；A length of 980mm of interior rectangular steel pipe, a width of 80mm, thickness are 35mm.

Arranging the spiral pin 4 described in three groups outside on rectangular steel pipe 3, often group includes three spiral pins 4, three often organized Individual spiral pin is distributed on the same level cross section of outer rectangular steel pipe 3.Three the spiral pins often organized divide in the following manner Cloth: two spiral pins are symmetricly set on the left and right sides of outer rectangular steel pipe 3, the 3rd spiral pin is arranged on outer rectangle On the trailing flank of steel pipe 3.Being all provided with porose on outer rectangular steel pipe 3 and interior rectangular steel pipe 2, spiral pin 4 is bored a hole and excessively will Outer rectangular steel pipe 3 and interior rectangular steel pipe 2 link together, when interior rectangular steel pipe 2 to stretch out in outer rectangular steel pipe 3, Outwards back-outing spiral pin 4, pull-out internal moment shape steel pipe 2, after adjusting length, then is screwed into screw pin inwards downwards Bolt 4, makes interior rectangular steel pipe 2 and outer rectangular steel pipe 3 be fixed together, by three groups of spiral pins 4 to interior rectangle steel Pipe 2 and outer rectangular steel pipe 3 are fixed together and can improve the stability of connection.

The spacing of the spiral pin of two adjacent groups is 200mm.A pin section, interior rectangular steel pipe is formed at interval of 20cm When outer rectangle steel inner telescoping tube, or stretch with random length, but no longer have variation during guaranteeing to measure.

The scalable indium steel bar yardstick that the present embodiment provides, is complemented one another formed by interior rectangular steel pipe and outer rectangular steel pipe, its Length is only about the half of existing indium steel bar yardstick length, is convenient for carrying, and is easy to put car boot into after contraction In, it is not necessary to individually prepare the bigger means of transports such as minibus, be greatly saved Financial cost；Meanwhile, when interior rectangular steel pipe When stretching out in outer rectangular steel pipe, its entire length can meet measurement requirement again as existing indium steel bar yardstick.

Embodiment 2:

A kind of scalable indium steel bar yardstick, as described in Example 1, its difference is structure: the length of outer rectangular steel pipe For 1500mm, a length of 1480mm of interior rectangular steel pipe.Spiral pin 4 described in five groups is set on rectangular steel pipe 3 outside, Often group includes three spiral pins 4.When the length of interior rectangular steel pipe and outer rectangular steel pipe is longer, spiral pin can be set up Group, increases the latter linked stability of elongation with this.

Embodiment 3:

A kind of scalable indium steel bar yardstick, as described in Example 1, its difference is structure: at interior rectangular steel pipe 2 Bottom be provided with a pedestal 5, the steel plate that pedestal 5 selects a thickness to be 8mm, the surface area of pedestal 5 be more than outer rectangular steel pipe The sectional area of 3.Set putting of a pedestal 5, beneficially indium steel bar yardstick in the bottom of interior rectangular steel pipe 2, increase indium steel bar Stability during yardstick measurement.

It addition, the trailing flank groove in echelon of interior rectangular steel pipe 2 and outer rectangular steel pipe 3 is arranged, at two of trapezoidal groove Handrail 7 it is provided with on sidewall.This design is advantageous in that, when carrying out the measurement of the level, handrail 7 person convenient to operate grips indium Steel bar yardstick.

Embodiment 4:

A kind of scalable indium steel bar yardstick utilized described in embodiment 3 also combines differential technique Excavation Settlement carries out accurate water The method of locating tab assembly, specifically comprises the following steps that

(1) take two scalable indium steel bar yardsticks, be numbered respectively as 1. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick and 2. number can Flexible indium steel bar yardstick；

(2) two scalable indium steel bar yardsticks difference value on bench mark BM is obtained: first by 1. number scalable indium steel Bar code ruler is erected on BM point, and it is a that level gauge reads its backsight₁；Then will 1. remove by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, To 2. be erected on same BM point by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, it is b that level gauge reads its forward reading₁, then BM point The discrepancy in elevation be: h_BM=a₁-b₁；The discrepancy in elevation of bench mark BM should be zero in theory, but works as h_BMWhen ≠ 0, h_BM1. number it is The comprehensive difference of scalable indium steel bar yardstick and 2. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick (scalable indium steel bar yardstick zero point error and The combined influence value of the difference of telescopic connection), this comprehensive difference is designated as Δ₁₂, then: Δ₁₂=a₁-b₁；

When first will 2. be erected on BM point by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, it is b that level gauge reads its backsight₁；Then 2. will remove by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, will 1. be erected on BM point by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, level gauge reads it Forward reading is a₁, then the discrepancy in elevation of BM point is: h_BM=b₁-a₁；Work as h_BMWhen ≠ 0, h_BMIt is 2. number scalable indium steel Comprehensive difference (scalable indium steel bar yardstick zero point error and the telescopic connection of bar code ruler and 1. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick The combined influence value of difference), this comprehensive difference is designated as Δ₂₁, then: Δ₂₁=b₁-a₁；

Due in observation process, the most 1. the observation of number scalable indium steel bar yardstick and 2. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick is suitable Sequence changes, its length not do not change (1. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick and 2. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick in whole survey During amount Telescopic Fixed after, it is impossible to carry out second time adjust), therefore, Δ₂₁=-Δ₁₂=-(a₁-b₁), this is poor Value is referred to as difference value；

(3) Excavation Settlement is measured:

First survey station: level gauge is placed between BM point and CJ1 point, 1. will be erected at BM by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick On point, reading its backsight is A₁, 2. will be erected on CJ1 point by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, and read its forward sight and read Number is B₁, the measurement discrepancy in elevation of the first survey station is:The then true discrepancy in elevation of the first survey station, i.e. BM point to CJ1 True discrepancy in elevation h of point₁For:

$h_1=h_1^0-{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}=(A_1-B_1)-{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}---\left(1\right)$

Second survey station: level gauge is placed between CJ1 point and CJ2 point, and by the 1. number scalable indium steel on BM point Bar code ruler is erected on CJ2 point, and 2. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick is still erected on CJ1 point, to 2. number scalable indium It is A that steel bar yardstick reads its backsight₂, it is B to 1. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick reads its forward reading₂, second surveys The measurement discrepancy in elevation stood is:The then true discrepancy in elevation of the second survey station, i.e. the true discrepancy in elevation of CJ1 to CJ2 point is:

$h_2=h_2^0-{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{21}=h_2^0+{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}=(A_2-B_2)+{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}---\left(2\right)$

3rd survey station: level gauge is placed between CJ2 point and CJ3 point, and by the 2. number scalable indium steel on CJ1 point Bar code ruler is erected on CJ3 point, and 1. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick is still erected on CJ2 point, to 1. number scalable indium It is A that steel bar yardstick reads its backsight₃, it is B to 2. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick reads its forward reading₃, the 3rd surveys The measurement discrepancy in elevation stood is:The then true discrepancy in elevation of the 3rd survey station, i.e. the true discrepancy in elevation of CJ2 point to CJ3 point For:

$h_3=h_3^0-{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}=(A_3-B_3)-{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}---\left(3\right)$

4th survey station: level gauge is placed between CJ3 point and CJ4 point, and by the 1. number scalable indium steel on CJ2 point Bar code ruler is erected on CJ4 point, and 2. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick is still erected on CJ3 point, to 2. number scalable indium It is A that steel bar yardstick reads its backsight₄, it is B to 1. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick reads its forward reading₄, the 4th surveys The measurement discrepancy in elevation stood is:The then true discrepancy in elevation of the 4th survey station, i.e. the true discrepancy in elevation of CJ3 point to CJ4 point For:

$h_4=h_4^0-{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{21}=h_4^0+{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}=(A_4-B_4)+{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{12}---\left(4\right)$

By that analogy, will 2. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick and 1. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick be alternately disposed in next turning point On, the discrepancy in elevation of each section can be measured；According to the discrepancy in elevation of each section and the elevation of known starting point BM point, each sedimentation can be obtained The elevation of observation station；When leveling observation route is closed leveling line, the mis-tie misclosure of leveling line is equal to the height of each survey section Difference sum, it may be assumed that f_h=∑ h_i, (i=1,2,3 ... n)

f_h=∑ h_i=(A₁-B₁)-Δ₁₂+(A₂-B₂)+Δ₁₂+(A₃-B₃)-Δ₁₂+-----+(A_n-B_n)+Δ₁₂ (5)

From formula (5), when measuring station i is even stations, Δ₁₂Can cancel out each other, scalable indium steel bar yardstick zero The mis-tie misclosure of whole leveling line is not affected by the combined influence of point and scalable indium steel bar yardstick junction error；But it is right The elevation calculating each observation station has an impact, and when calculating each survey section discrepancy in elevation, odd number measuring station deducts Δ₁₂, even number is measured Stand plus Δ₁₂The true discrepancy in elevation of each survey section can be obtained.

Claims (8)

1. a scalable indium steel bar yardstick, it is characterised in that include interior rectangular steel pipe, outer rectangular steel pipe and spiral pin, Interior rectangle steel pipe socket is located in outer rectangular steel pipe, arranges described spiral pin, rectangular steel pipe outside outside on rectangular steel pipe Leading flank be provided with on indium steel barcode strip, trailing flank and be provided with spirit level.

Scalable indium steel bar yardstick the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that outside on rectangular steel pipe, 3-5 is set Spiral pin described in group, often group includes three spiral pins, and three the spiral pins often organized are distributed in outer rectangular steel pipe On same level cross section.

Scalable indium steel bar yardstick the most as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that three the spiral pins often organized by with Under type is distributed: the left and right sides of rectangular steel pipe is symmetrical arranged two spiral pins, the outside trailing flank of rectangular steel pipe outside On a spiral pin is set.

Scalable indium steel bar yardstick the most as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the spiral pin of described two adjacent groups Spacing be 200mm.

Scalable indium steel bar yardstick the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described interior rectangular steel pipe and outer rectangle The material of steel pipe is aluminium alloy.

Scalable indium steel bar yardstick the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the bottom of described interior rectangular steel pipe sets Having a pedestal, the surface area of pedestal is more than the sectional area of outer rectangular steel pipe.

Scalable indium steel bar yardstick the most as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that described pedestal selects a thickness to be 8mm Steel plate.

8. a Levelling based on the scalable indium steel bar yardstick described in differential technique and any one of claim 1-7 is surveyed The method of amount, comprises the following steps,

(1) take two scalable indium steel bar yardsticks, be numbered respectively as 1. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick and 2. number can Flexible indium steel bar yardstick；

(2) two scalable indium steel bar yardsticks difference value on bench mark BM is obtained: first by 1. number scalable indium steel Bar code ruler is erected on BM point, and it is a that level gauge reads its backsight₁；Then will 1. remove by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, To 2. be erected on same BM point by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, it is b that level gauge reads its forward reading₁, then BM point The discrepancy in elevation be: h_SM=a₁-b₁；Work as h_SMWhen ≠ 0, h_SMIt is 1. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick and 2. number scalable indium The comprehensive difference of steel bar yardstick, is designated as Δ by this comprehensive difference₁₂, then: Δ₁₂=a₁-b₁；

When first will 2. be erected on BM point by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, it is b that level gauge reads its backsight₁；Then 2. will remove by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, will 1. be erected on same BM point by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, level gauge Reading its forward reading is a₁, then the discrepancy in elevation of BM point is: h_SM=b₁-a₁；Work as h_SMWhen ≠ 0, h_SMIt is and 2. number can stretch The comprehensive difference of contracting indium steel bar yardstick and 1. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, is designated as Δ by this comprehensive difference₂₁, then: Δ₂₁=b₁-a₁；

Due in observation process, the most 1. the observation of number scalable indium steel bar yardstick and 2. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick is suitable Sequence changes, and its length does not change, therefore, and Δ₂₁=-Δ₁₂=-(a₁-b₁), this difference is referred to as difference value；

(3) Excavation Settlement is measured:

First survey station: level gauge is placed between BM point and CJ1 point, 1. will be erected at BM by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick On point, reading its backsight is A₁, 2. will be erected on CJ1 point by a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick, and read its forward sight and read Number is B₁, the measurement discrepancy in elevation of the first survey station is:The then true discrepancy in elevation of the first survey station, i.e. BM point to CJ1 True discrepancy in elevation h of point₁For:

Second survey station: level gauge is placed between CJ1 point and CJ2 point, and by the 1. number scalable indium steel on BM point Bar code ruler is erected on CJ2 point, and 2. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick is still erected on CJ1 point, to 2. number scalable indium It is A that steel bar yardstick reads its backsight₂, it is B to 1. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick reads its forward reading₂, second surveys The measurement discrepancy in elevation stood is:The then true discrepancy in elevation of the second survey station, i.e. the true discrepancy in elevation of CJ1 to CJ2 point is:

3rd survey station: level gauge is placed between CJ2 point and CJ3 point, and by the 2. number scalable indium steel on CJ1 point Bar code ruler is erected on CJ3 point, and 1. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick is still erected on CJ2 point, to 1. number scalable indium It is A that steel bar yardstick reads its backsight₃, it is B to 2. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick reads its forward reading₃, the 3rd surveys The measurement discrepancy in elevation stood is:The then true discrepancy in elevation of the 3rd survey station, i.e. the true discrepancy in elevation of CJ2 point to CJ3 point For:

4th survey station: level gauge is placed between CJ3 point and CJ4 point, and by the 1. number scalable indium steel on CJ2 point Bar code ruler is erected on CJ4 point, and 2. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick is still erected on CJ3 point, to 2. number scalable indium It is A that steel bar yardstick reads its backsight₄, it is B to 1. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick reads its forward reading₄, the 4th surveys The measurement discrepancy in elevation stood is:The then true discrepancy in elevation of the 4th survey station, i.e. the true discrepancy in elevation of CJ3 point to CJ4 point For:

By that analogy, will 2. number scalable indium steel bar yardstick and 1. a number scalable indium steel bar yardstick be alternately disposed in next turning point On, the discrepancy in elevation of each section can be measured；According to the discrepancy in elevation of each section and the elevation of known starting point BM point, each sedimentation can be obtained The elevation of observation station；When leveling observation route is closed leveling line, the mis-tie misclosure of leveling line is equal to the height of each survey section Difference sum, it may be assumed that f_h=Σ h_i, (i=1,2,3 ... n)

f_h=Σ h_i=(A₁-B₁)-Δ₁₂+(A₂-B₂)+Δ₁₂+(A₃-B₃)-Δ₁₂+--------+(A_n-B_n)+Δ₁₂ (5)

From formula (5), when measuring station i is even stations, Δ₁₂Can cancel out each other, scalable indium steel bar yardstick zero The mis-tie misclosure of whole leveling line is not affected by the combined influence of point and scalable indium steel bar yardstick junction error；But it is right The elevation calculating each observation station has an impact, and when calculating each survey section discrepancy in elevation, odd number measuring station deducts Δ₁₂, even number is measured Stand plus Δ₁₂。