CN105840602A - Connection device and connection method - Google Patents

Connection device and connection method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105840602A
CN105840602A CN201610395855.8A CN201610395855A CN105840602A CN 105840602 A CN105840602 A CN 105840602A CN 201610395855 A CN201610395855 A CN 201610395855A CN 105840602 A CN105840602 A CN 105840602A
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China
Prior art keywords
component
stress
bolt
oval
attachment means
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CN201610395855.8A
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CN105840602B (en
Inventor
张晓明
陈锦祥
郭振胜
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/02Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread

Abstract

The invention discloses a connection device which comprises a first component, a second component and a fastening element used for fixing the first component and the second component. The connection device is characterized in that the device further comprises an oval conversion connecting piece, the first component and the second component are both provided with an oval connection hole, the conversion connecting piece is sleeved with the first component and the second component, the first component and the second component are fixed through the fastening element, the long axes of the oval connection holes are parallel to principal tensile stress and principal compressive stress of the first component and the second component, and the short axes of the oval connection holes are perpendicular to principal tensile stress and principal compressive stress of the first component and the second component. The connection device can be used for a structural component and can meet component process or functional drilling requirements through the oval bolt holes. Compared with the prior art, the connection device has the advantages that concentrated stress at the component bolt hole portions can be effectively relieved, and the influence degree of fatigue loads to the component is reduced.

Description

A kind of attachment means and link method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of securing member and open-cellular form, especially relate to the connection between various structural elements, add Gu.
Background technology
Steel construction is as the agent structure of building, bridge, machinery, Aero-Space, boats and ships etc., close with daily life Inseparable.The component that steel construction is consisted of the connection of some necessity steel plate, shaped steel, each component is again by installing connection shape Integral structure.Each connecting portion should have enough rigidity, intensity and ductility.Except steel construction, it is compound that recent decades is risen Material structure, combinative structure etc. are required for reliably connecting and make it possess globality.Therefore correct joint structure and company are selected Connection device is the key link in the design of each class formation.
It is simplest a kind of type of attachment in each class formation that bolt connects, and bolt connects easy for installation owing to possessing, can The advantages such as demolition, installation, become one of most important type of attachment in contemporary each class formation.Along with bolt interconnection technique development with Improving, bolt connects and is progressively developed into burnished bolt and the relatively advanced high-strength bolt of technology by rough bolt.The most high-strength Bolt is completely embedded with it, endurance, stress are good, it is simple to install, replaceable, relatively common bolt deform less feature and It is widely used.
The inspiration direct sources of the present invention is to solve to occur at base plate tapping in integrated honeycomb panel BENDING PROCESS Stress concentration phenomenon.Integrated honeycomb panel has lightweight, high-strength, stable mechanical characteristic.But due to being made into one at present Technique aperture can be left on honeycomb face, side during cellular board.When cellular board is by time curved, and lower panel can be in tension shape State.And porose face is when being in this state, tapping can produce concentrated stress, causes honeycomb lower panel first to produce at tapping and splits Seam, and finally diffuse to whole lower panel.The most porose when facing down, the bending strength of cellular board is only porose when facing up 1/3rd.When lower panel uses oval aperture, the stress concentration phenomenon of tapping will substantially be eased.
Each class formation in Practical Project, owing to working environment is complicated, the most directly or indirectly bears power Load or fatigue load.In statistics for all kinds of structural deterioration accidents, fatigue rupture (include fatigue at high temperature, rotten candle tired, Contact fatigue, heat exhaustion etc.) often in first place, 50% to 90% can be accounted for.The fatigue of ASTM's definition is: Create the ess-strain of change on material on certain point or multiple spot, finally create after have passed through sufficient number of change Crackle or rupture completely, there is the progressive and process of permanent change in its structure.Component under the repeated action of load, stress If exceed certain limit, there will be trickle fatigue crack at the position that stress is bigger, during this, the cross section of component is not Disconnected weakening is until final fracture.Component the most significantly deformed before there is fatigue rupture, was the fragility of a kind of unexpected generation Fracture.Although bolt hole is generally circular in cross section, indentation, there is the most smooth, but still there will be serious stress concentration phenomenon.This lacks Stress concentration at Kou can cause element joints fatigue crack occur under fatigue load, when its bolt hole (breach) destroys Stress is far below the intensity of material itself so that the actual useful year of each class formation is far below its design life.And it is new Type bolt connecting device and distinctive oval aperture thereof can effectively be alleviated the stress caused due to component perforate and concentrate and ask Topic.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is for above-mentioned typical round perforate and circular bolt holes in this connection The problem of stress concentration occurred, the most directly bears the component of dynamic load or fatigue load.Stress collection due to indentation, there Middle degree is relevant with curvature at this, therefore draws for the maximum in some special primary structure members, i.e. component, compressive stress has substantially Directivity, then can by traditional circular bolt holes being designed as oval bolt hole, and make the major axis of ellipse with In component, direction of maximal stress is vertical, effectively alleviates the stress concentration phenomenon at member aperture with this.Connect by arranging conversion Part, with compatible existing conventional bolt linked system, it is ensured that the ease for use of Novel bolt connection and versatility.Further, this conversion Connector is easily changed, and maintenance cost is low, reduces agent structure and produces trickle fatigue crack, extends the actually used of agent structure The time limit.Below by way of FEM Simulation, the alleviation degree that stress at aperture is concentrated by oval bolt hole is described.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of attachment means, including the first component, second component and by fixing to described first component and second component Securing member, it is characterised in that: also include that a profile is oval conversion connector, on described first component and second component Being provided with the connecting hole of ellipse, described first component and second component are enclosed within described conversion connector and pass through securing member Fixing, the major axis of described oval connecting hole draws with the master of described first component and second component, compressive stress is parallel, described ellipse The short axle of shape connecting hole draws with the master of described first component and second component, compressive stress is vertical.
The radius of curvature of described ellipse is: oval bolt hole can be answered according to the aperture of the requirement of actual components and Fig. 7 Power coefficient of concentration curve, by changing major and minor axis ratio adjusting hole mouth curvature to meet in Practical Project component to rectangular ports stress collection The requirement of middle degree.
The thickness of described conversion connector is equal with the thickness sum of described first component and second component.
Described securing member includes screw bolt and nut.
Described securing member also includes pad.
Conversion connector profile is oval, internal opened round bolt hole, and circular bolt holes aperture is determined by the diameter of bolt, With compatible existing bolt linked system.
It is a kind of effectively alleviation bolt hole indentation, there concentrated stress that Novel bolt of the present invention connects, and control structure component is dynamic Component damage under load or Fatigue Load.Including oval bolt hole, bolt, nut, A pad, B pad and conversion Connector.Placing conversion connector in oval bolt hole, this connector profile is oval, internal opened round bolt hole, with Compatible existing bolt linked system, and the conversion connector being placed in ellipse is replaceable.In conversion connector both sides, often The pad that several radiuses do not wait all is placed in side, and big near the pad radius of conversion connector, away from the pad of conversion connector Sheet radius is little.From the foregoing, replace conventional bolt connection scheme by Novel bolt attachment means, can obviously reduce component aperture The concentrated stress at place, reduces agent structure and produces trickle fatigue crack, extend the actual useful year of agent structure.In tradition Bolt connect in, the aperture of bolt hole is less, i.e. curvature is bigger.The rectangular ports stress coefficient of concentration of element joints has with curvature The biggest association.Show themselves in that curvature is the biggest, then the factor of stress concentration is the biggest.In Practical Project, for all kinds of structural deterioration accidents Statistics in, owing to component strength not or deforms the excessive malicious event quantity caused much smaller than fatigue rupture.Component exists Under the repeated action of load, if stress exceedes certain limit, there will be trickle fatigue crack, institute at the position that stress is bigger The most significantly deformed before there is fatigue rupture with component, be the brittle fracture of a kind of unexpected generation.The most right The structural elements such as building, bridge, Aero-Space or boats and ships, the impact of fatigue rupture can not be neglected by the concentrated stress at bolt hole Depending on.And the present invention can effectively alleviate the concentrated stress at component bolt hole, reduce the fatigue load influence degree to component.
The present invention uses oval bolt hole to replace typical round bolt hole, and arranges conversion in oval bolt hole even Fitting so that Novel bolt attachment means can compatible traditional bolted system, this Novel bolt attachment means have with Lower effect: 1, draw in maximum, compressive stress is when having obvious directivity, by major axis and this stress direction one of oval bolt hole Cause, then can effectively reduce the concentrated stress that bolt goes out, dynamic load or fatigue load can be avoided to produce in agent structure Tiny fatigue crack;2, conversion connector is set in oval bolt hole, can compatible existing bolt linked system;3、 Turning in part connector and have circular hole, relative to the oval bolt hole in component, the circular bolt holes in connector is more easy to occur to answer Power is concentrated, and therefore on component affecting, dynamic load or fatigue load can be converted into the impact on this connector, ensure main body with this The durability of structure.Owing to this connector is the least and belongs to nonbody structural elements, the most easily change.Applicant is to above-mentioned novel Bolt connecting device carries out Three-D limited element resolution and obtains, in the case of load is identical, and the aperture collection of Novel bolt attachment means Middle stress ratio conventional bolt attachment means reduces by more than 30%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention assembles schematic diagram;
Figure is numbered: 1 is bolt;2,9 is pad A;3,8 is pad B;4 is conversion connector;5 is the first component;6 are Connecting hole;7 is second component;10 is nut.
Fig. 2 is that Fig. 1 has assembled figure;
Fig. 3 is the side view after Fig. 1 has assembled;
The integrated cellular board of Fig. 4 is by stress distribution situation (span centre profile) in plate time curved (operating mode 1)
Fig. 5 is A, B two stress envelope between spot hole in Fig. 4;
Figure is numbered: 11 is principal stress σ direction;12 is transverse a, short axle b position view;13 show for elliptical opening It is intended to.
Fig. 6 is under different open-cellular form, A, B two stress-curvature curve between spot hole in Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 is the aperture stress concentration factor K r situation of change with Fig. 4 B point radius of curvature;
Fig. 8 is 2 Stress Map under operating mode;
Fig. 9 is stress distribution between A, B point in Fig. 6;
Figure 10 is that Novel bolt connects simulation shearing loading (operating mode 3) schematic diagram;
Figure 11 is Novel bolt junction stress influence scattergram.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is elaborated:
Shown in Fig. 1, attachment means of the present invention, including the first component 5, second component 7, conversion connector 4 and fastening dress Put.Wherein, clamp device includes bolt 1, pad A (2 and 9), pad B (3 and 8) and nut 10, the diameter of its Intermediate gasket A The smaller diameter with pad B.First component 5 and second component 7 are connected with each other position and offer the connecting hole 6 of ellipse respectively, The profile of conversion connector 4 is also oval, when the first component 5 and second component 7 connect, is first put by conversion connector 4 Put in connecting hole 6, then by bolt 1 through changing connector and being fixed by nut 10 at the other end.
The tapping stress intensity being divided under 3 three kinds of operating modes of simulation by finite element software in this specification illustrates ellipse The superiority in hole.Three kinds of operating modes are respectively as follows: 1. base plates integrated honeycomb panel under different open-cellular forms by curved analysis;2. have The steel plate stretching analysis of different size elliptical aperture;3. the Novel bolt of slotted eye connects Analysis On Tensile.Company in this specification The Commonly Used Size that connection device size connects according to component is arranged, and using material is Q235B steel.It is used alone bolt hole and meets technique Or during functional requirement, detailed dimensions is shown in Table operating mode 2, during as the attachment means of component, detailed dimensions is shown in Table operating mode 3.Wherein l is Component length;H is surface member width;A is oval major axis;B is oval short axle;R is circular radius.
Operating mode 2 (unit mm)
Opening-type l h a b r
Circular 110 50 0 0 2.5
Oval 1 110 50 5 2.5 0
Oval 2 110 50 10 2.5 0
Operating mode 3 (unit mm)
Operating mode 1:
Vertical displacement is loaded so that cellular board is in case of bending at integrated honeycomb panel span centre.By Fig. 4,5 understand, and are subject to The tension side of curved component, at verge of opening, the direction vertical with principal tensile stress σ (A-B to) can produce concentrated stress;And work as stress At concentration during generation crack, limit, hole is parallel to the direction of principal tensile stress still in elastic stage so that material property can not be abundant Play.Therefore aperture can be set to ellipse, have in holding and on the premise of circular same cross-sectional, design its major axis b Consistent with principal tensile stress direction, short-axis direction a is then vertical with principal tensile stress direction (Fig. 5).So can reduce little in X-direction Bore size, can reduce again the curvature at Fig. 5 B, thus effectively reduce the impact of limit, hole concentrated stress so that material can be abundant Play, provided practicable solution for Practical Project affects bigger component by rectangular ports stress.Fig. 6 is different perforates The stress distribution of A, B 2 under size.Define the ratio K of the maximum of every curve, minimum stress valuerStress for aperture concentrates system Number, wherein following table r refers to the radius of curvature of B point.Understanding, along with the increase of B point radius of curvature, the stress at this point is concentrated existing As substantially alleviating.And by KrBeing plotted in Fig. 7 with the change curve of r, the factor of stress concentration of aperture is from K21.92 drop to K10 1.28, fall reaches 50%.In Practical Project, can adjust according to the component requirement to aperture stress concentration factor K r The size of elliptical aperture.
Operating mode 2: owing to the factor of stress concentration of indentation, there is relevant with the curvature of breach and stress direction.Work as structural elements In draw, compressive stress is when having obvious directivity, the direction of the generation concentrated stress at aperture is vertical with stress direction.Therefore Can be according to the main stress direction adjustment perforate curvature drawn, press.Keeping, perforated area is constant or member section area is constant In the case of, reduce the concentrated stress of tapping and the fatigue damage under dynamic loading repeatedly.Below by way of finite element fraction Analysis program-ABAQUS carries out tension analysis to apertured member, by investigating the aperture when component intermediate principal stress has obvious directivity Stress state explanation oval aperture advantage.Being resolved by ABAQUS, taking away hole respectively is circular and oval structure The Stress Map of part tapping is as shown in Figure 4.In Fig. 4, numeral is the maximum stress under this hole shape, size at aperture (Mpa), σ is principal tensile stress direction.And take under three kinds of hole shapes between A, B the stress state in path at 2 as shown in Figure 5.Can Knowing, circle, ellipse 1, ellipse 2, the maximum stress difference of three kinds of models is maximum stress and minimum stress between 57%, and A, B 2 Ratio KrIt is respectively along with the curvature at A, B point constantly reduces seen from 2.25,1.56,1.11., is keeping component in the width direction In the case of cross section is constant, it is effectively reduced the factor of stress concentration at aperture.And year can be used according to scantling, design The factors such as limit, stress direction adjust ellipse long and short shaft ratio to meet actual process and the function perforate demand of structural elements.
Operating mode 3: concentrated stress can be produced at aperture owing to traditional bolt connects, particularly bear dynamic load at component Or under conditions of fatigue load, the concentrated stress in aperture will cause trickle fatigue crack, affect the life-time service longevity of component Life.This is also the actual useful year reason far below design life of many structures.At principal stress, there is obvious direction In the component of property, slotted eye is set and can effectively reduce limit, hole concentrated stress.And on this basis, will by conversion connector Elliptic bolt hole is connected with existing conventional bolt unites.Use finite element analysis software ABAQUS that Novel bolt is connected Be connected with conventional bolt and carry out shear analysis, by the human simulation to actual components junction, observe connecting elements itself with And the stress distribution of bolt junction, analyze and obtain the stress amplification coefficient on component hole limit in the case of two kinds and rectangular ports stress Coverage.By comparing stress amplification coefficient and the advantage of influence range of stress explanation Novel bolt connection.
Resolve (see Fig. 6 stress model) by ABAQUS, component A, component B are applied equal in magnitude, the water that direction is similar Prosposition moves load.Take the stress influence scattergram of bolt junction respectively as it is shown in fig. 7,
From finite element analysis, during Novel bolt connects, the maximum stress of component is 137Mpa, and conventional bolt connects, Maximum stress in its component is 176Mpa, than Novel bolt attachment means big 28.5%.And knowable to stress influence is distributed, newly The influence range of stress of type bolt connecting device is S1, conventional bolt attachment means is S2.Then from diagram scope, S1Compare S2 Big 40%.I.e. illustrate, traditional bolt connecting device, under load action, the concentrated stress coverage ratio of component tapping Novel bolt attachment means big 40%.Therefore Novel bolt connects except can substantially reduce component aperture maximum stress own, The coverage of rectangular ports stress can also be reduced.Novel bolt connects owing to maximum stress is in conversion connector, can avoid Structural elements itself produces concentrated stress, and the easily replacing of conversion connector itself, therefore can the actual useful year of extending structure.

Claims (6)

1. a attachment means, including the first component, second component and described first component and second component is fixing Securing member, it is characterised in that: also include that a profile is oval conversion connector, on described first component and second component Being provided with the connecting hole of ellipse, described first component and second component are enclosed within described conversion connector and pass through securing member Fixing, the major axis of described oval connecting hole draws with the master of described first component and second component, compressive stress is parallel, described ellipse The short axle of shape connecting hole draws with the master of described first component and second component, compressive stress is vertical.
Attachment means the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the radius of curvature of described ellipse is according to Practical Project Require and aperture factor of stress concentration curve determines jointly.
Attachment means the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the thickness of described conversion connector and described first structure The thickness sum of part and second component is equal.
Attachment means the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described securing member includes screw bolt and nut.
Attachment means the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described securing member also includes pad.
6. a method of attachment, it is characterised in that use the arbitrary described attachment means of claim 1-5 to be attached.
CN201610395855.8A 2016-06-06 2016-06-06 A kind of attachment device and connection method Active CN105840602B (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106678136A (en) * 2017-02-21 2017-05-17 东莞市鹏翼自动化科技有限公司 Structure for fixedly mounting wood board on steel structure
CN108547836A (en) * 2018-05-14 2018-09-18 浙江众泰汽车制造有限公司 A kind of connection structure and the connection method of carbon fibre composite and dissimilar material

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DE3632312A1 (en) * 1986-09-23 1988-03-31 Preh Elektro Feinmechanik Electrical component which is fixed on a carrier
SU1673758A1 (en) * 1989-09-04 1991-08-30 Харьковский авиационный институт им.Н.Е.Жуковского Riveted joint
US5047896A (en) * 1988-11-11 1991-09-10 Fela Planungs Ag Assembly of multi-layer circuit boards secured by plastic rivets
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CN1293932A (en) * 1999-10-29 2001-05-09 Ykk株式会社 Torsional latch
WO2004099632A1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2004-11-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement made of a plastic part and a metal insert with a captive screw
DE202010000965U1 (en) * 2010-01-15 2010-05-20 Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh Device for fastening preferably sandwich panels
DE102012208067A1 (en) * 2012-05-15 2013-11-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Rivet sleeve for use in blind rivet bolt for arrangement in hole of laminate, has mandrel hole for receiving mandrel, particularly threaded mandrel, where outer circumference of rivet sleeve has cross-section

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3632312A1 (en) * 1986-09-23 1988-03-31 Preh Elektro Feinmechanik Electrical component which is fixed on a carrier
US5047896A (en) * 1988-11-11 1991-09-10 Fela Planungs Ag Assembly of multi-layer circuit boards secured by plastic rivets
SU1673758A1 (en) * 1989-09-04 1991-08-30 Харьковский авиационный институт им.Н.Е.Жуковского Riveted joint
SU1751463A1 (en) * 1991-02-15 1992-07-30 Харьковский авиационный институт им.Н.Е.Жуковского Method of making bolted joint process for parts
CN1293932A (en) * 1999-10-29 2001-05-09 Ykk株式会社 Torsional latch
WO2004099632A1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2004-11-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement made of a plastic part and a metal insert with a captive screw
DE202010000965U1 (en) * 2010-01-15 2010-05-20 Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh Device for fastening preferably sandwich panels
DE102012208067A1 (en) * 2012-05-15 2013-11-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Rivet sleeve for use in blind rivet bolt for arrangement in hole of laminate, has mandrel hole for receiving mandrel, particularly threaded mandrel, where outer circumference of rivet sleeve has cross-section

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106678136A (en) * 2017-02-21 2017-05-17 东莞市鹏翼自动化科技有限公司 Structure for fixedly mounting wood board on steel structure
CN108547836A (en) * 2018-05-14 2018-09-18 浙江众泰汽车制造有限公司 A kind of connection structure and the connection method of carbon fibre composite and dissimilar material

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