CN105823175A - Air conditioner time-sharing scheduling method based on demand response - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
本发明属于智能电网技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于需求响应的空调分时调度的方法，包括：供电运营商为用户安装光伏发电装置并网；根据用户为其空调设定的温度变化区间的大小，将用户分为两类，并与光伏发电装置一道形成联盟；获取当下时刻的光伏发电量，基线负荷，电网电价，室内温度，室外温度，空调的额定功率；根据当前电网电价的峰、平、谷不同时段以及室内外温度，结合当前光伏发电量，来控制空调的启停；计算联盟所得收益，并通过Sharpley值法对两类用户以及光伏发电装置对联盟收益的贡献进行量化并分配收益，本发明有效提高用户的收益和光伏资源的就地消纳，时间复杂度小，计算成本低，在用户侧较易实现。
The invention belongs to the technical field of smart grids, and in particular relates to a method for time-sharing scheduling of air conditioners based on demand response, including: power supply operators install photovoltaic power generation devices for users and connect them to the grid; , divide users into two categories, and form an alliance with photovoltaic power generation devices; obtain current photovoltaic power generation, baseline load, grid electricity price, indoor temperature, outdoor temperature, and rated power of air conditioners; , Different periods of time, and indoor and outdoor temperatures, combined with the current photovoltaic power generation, to control the start and stop of the air conditioner; calculate the income of the alliance, and quantify the contribution of the two types of users and photovoltaic power generation devices to the alliance income through the Sharpley value method and distribute the income , the invention effectively improves the user's income and the on-site consumption of photovoltaic resources, has small time complexity and low calculation cost, and is easier to implement on the user side.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于智能电网技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于需求响应的空调分时调度的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of smart grids, and in particular relates to a method for time-sharing scheduling of air conditioners based on demand response.
背景技术Background technique
需求响应技术是指用户对电力价格信号或激励机制做出响应，并调整正常电力消费模式的市场参与行为。在用户侧引入需求响应技术，通过市场价格或激励机制调动需求侧参与市场的积极性，将供电侧与用电侧进行综合资源整合，是未来电力市场发展的必然趋势。在基于激励的需求响应中，激励机制作为中间因素，引导用户及时削减负荷。其中代表的控制方式是直接负荷控制。这种方式可以简单直接地达到需求响应的效果，但同时需要兼顾用户的舒适度，并且需要为用户提供经济补偿。Demand response technology refers to the market participation behavior in which users respond to electricity price signals or incentive mechanisms and adjust normal electricity consumption patterns. Introducing demand response technology on the user side, mobilizing the enthusiasm of the demand side to participate in the market through market prices or incentive mechanisms, and integrating comprehensive resources between the power supply side and the power consumption side are inevitable trends in the future development of the power market. In incentive-based demand response, the incentive mechanism acts as an intermediate factor to guide users to reduce load in time. The representative control method is direct load control. This method can simply and directly achieve the effect of demand response, but at the same time, it needs to take into account the comfort of users and provide economic compensation for users.
直接负荷控制方式适用于居民用户或小型的商业用户。其中，可控负荷主要包括空调等温控类负荷、次要照明设施、电动汽车等。空调由于运行时间长，功率大，温度调控范围灵活，是极具潜力的需求侧资源。空调负荷的降低会为运营商与用户带来可观的收益。空调作为重要的需求侧资源，其贡献度应得到具体的量化，即计算用户应得的收益。The direct load control method is suitable for residential users or small commercial users. Among them, controllable loads mainly include temperature-controlled loads such as air conditioners, secondary lighting facilities, and electric vehicles. Due to its long running time, high power, and flexible temperature control range, air conditioners are potential demand-side resources. The reduction of air-conditioning load will bring considerable benefits to operators and users. As an important demand-side resource, air conditioners should be quantified in terms of their contribution, that is, to calculate the benefits that users deserve.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了提高光伏发电量的利用率，降低供电运营商和用户的发电、用电成本，本发明提出了一种基于需求响应的空调分时调度的方法，包括：In order to improve the utilization rate of photovoltaic power generation and reduce the power generation and electricity consumption costs of power supply operators and users, the present invention proposes a time-sharing scheduling method for air conditioners based on demand response, including:
步骤1、供电运营商为用户安装光伏发电装置，并将光伏发电并入电网；Step 1. The power supply operator installs photovoltaic power generation devices for users and integrates photovoltaic power generation into the grid;
步骤2、根据用户为其空调设定的温度变化区间的大小，将用户分为两类，并与光伏发电装置一道形成联盟；Step 2. According to the size of the temperature change range set by the user for the air conditioner, the user is divided into two categories, and an alliance is formed with the photovoltaic power generation device;
步骤3、获取当下时刻的光伏发电量，基线负荷，电网电价，室内温度，室外温度，空调的额定功率；Step 3. Obtain the current photovoltaic power generation, baseline load, grid electricity price, indoor temperature, outdoor temperature, and rated power of the air conditioner;
步骤4、根据当前电网电价的峰、平、谷不同时段以及室内外温度，结合当前光伏发电量，来控制空调的启停；Step 4. Control the start and stop of the air conditioner according to the peak, flat and valley periods of the current grid electricity price and the indoor and outdoor temperature, combined with the current photovoltaic power generation;
步骤5、计算联盟所得收益，并通过Sharpley值法对两类用户以及光伏发电装置对联盟收益的贡献进行量化，根据贡献的大小为用户以及光伏发电装置分配收益；Step 5. Calculate the income of the alliance, and quantify the contribution of the two types of users and photovoltaic power generation devices to the alliance income through the Sharpley value method, and distribute the income to users and photovoltaic power generation devices according to the size of the contribution;
步骤6、更新时间到下一时刻，返回步骤3，直到整个优化时间区间结束。Step 6. Update the time to the next moment, and return to step 3 until the end of the entire optimization time interval.
所述步骤4具体包括：Described step 4 specifically comprises:
当室内温度高于用户设定的温度上限时，空调立即停止运行；When the indoor temperature is higher than the upper limit set by the user, the air conditioner will stop running immediately;
当室内温度低于用户设定的温度下限时，空调立即启动；When the indoor temperature is lower than the lower limit set by the user, the air conditioner will start immediately;
当室内温度处于用户设定的温度上限与下限之间时，空调的运行状态将依据电价与光伏发电量进行调整：当电价处于谷时段时，此时将对空调从当下温度加热到温度上限所需的时长进行预估，如果该时长期间，电价一直处于谷时段，空调应处于关闭状态，如果该时长期间，电价已进入平时段，则该时刻空调应立即启动；当电价处于平时段时，计算此时空调加热所需的能量Eon(t)，将当下时刻的光伏发电量表示为S(t)，当Eon(t)＜a·S(t)时，该时刻空调应立即启动，否则空调应处于关闭状态，其中，权衡参数a≥1，用于提高光伏发电能源的利用率；当电价处于峰时段时，计算此时空调加热所需的能量Eon(t)，当Eon(t)＜S(t)时，该时刻空调应立即启动，否则空调应处于关闭状态。When the indoor temperature is between the upper and lower limits set by the user, the operating status of the air conditioner will be adjusted according to the electricity price and photovoltaic power generation: If the electricity price has been in the valley period during this period, the air conditioner should be turned off. If the electricity price has entered the normal period during this period, the air conditioner should be started immediately at this time; when the electricity price is in the period, Calculate the energy E on (t) required by the air conditioner for heating at this time, and express the photovoltaic power generation at the current moment as S(t). When E on (t)<a·S(t), the air conditioner should start immediately at this moment , otherwise the air conditioner should be turned off. Among them, the trade-off parameter a≥1 is used to improve the utilization rate of photovoltaic power generation energy; when the electricity price is in the peak period, calculate the energy E on (t) required by the air conditioner for heating at this time, when E When on (t)<S(t), the air conditioner should start immediately at this moment, otherwise the air conditioner should be turned off.
本发明的有益效果在于：将空调在需求响应中的贡献进行量化，并为相应的用户进行收益分配，提高了用户参与需求响应的积极性，有效提高用户的收益，并促进光伏资源的就地消纳，时间复杂度小，计算成本低，在用户侧较易实现。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: to quantify the contribution of the air conditioner in the demand response, and distribute the income for the corresponding users, improve the enthusiasm of the users to participate in the demand response, effectively improve the user's income, and promote the local consumption of photovoltaic resources It has low time complexity, low computational cost, and is easy to implement on the user side.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是系统的结构图。Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the system.
图2是采用本发明的方法后各用户室内温度与室外温度的对比结果图。Fig. 2 is a comparison result diagram of each user's indoor temperature and outdoor temperature after adopting the method of the present invention.
图3是用户结合光伏发电装置与电网交换的电量和光伏发电量的对比图。Fig. 3 is a comparison chart of the electricity exchanged by the user combined with the photovoltaic power generation device and the grid and the photovoltaic power generation.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图，对实施例作详细说明。本发明提出了一种基于需求响应的空调分时调度的方法。图1是系统的结构图，主要由商业用户，光伏发电单元，中央控制器等元素组成。其中，每个用户的负荷主要包括空调及其他电器的负荷。中央控制器将会收集各个单元的能量信息，并对每个用户的空调直接进行启停控制，使整个联盟用电成本最低。运营商为用户购买安装光伏发电装置，通过光伏发电的政策补贴与联盟所得收益盈利。负荷优先采用光伏发电能源供电。当社区中的总负荷大于光伏的发电量，运营商将从电网购电以弥补负荷缺额。当社区中的总负荷小于光伏的发电量，光伏发电量在满足社区负荷后仍有剩余，运营商会将多余的电量上网，以获得收益。The embodiments will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The invention proposes a method for time-sharing scheduling of air conditioners based on demand response. Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the system, which is mainly composed of commercial users, photovoltaic power generation units, central controller and other elements. Among them, the load of each user mainly includes the load of air conditioners and other electrical appliances. The central controller will collect the energy information of each unit, and directly control the start and stop of each user's air conditioner, so that the electricity cost of the entire alliance is the lowest. Operators purchase and install photovoltaic power generation devices for users, and make profits through policy subsidies for photovoltaic power generation and income from alliances. The load is powered by photovoltaic power generation first. When the total load in the community is greater than the photovoltaic power generation, the operator will purchase electricity from the grid to make up for the load gap. When the total load in the community is less than the photovoltaic power generation capacity, and the photovoltaic power generation capacity still remains after meeting the community load, the operator will transfer the excess power to the grid to obtain income.
为了计算空调的电量消耗，需要对空调与周围空气的传热过程进行建模。对于家庭用户或者小型商业用户中的空调单元，可以采用简化的等值热力学参数模型来表示其运行过程。空调的运行模型需考虑室内与室外空气之间的热量交换，其过程可等效为对应的热力学参数，可由包含热力学参数的微分方程描述，所需参数包括室外温度以及周围环境的等值热参数。In order to calculate the power consumption of the air conditioner, it is necessary to model the heat transfer process between the air conditioner and the surrounding air. For air-conditioning units in domestic users or small commercial users, the simplified equivalent thermodynamic parameter model can be used to represent its operation process. The operation model of the air conditioner needs to consider the heat exchange between indoor and outdoor air. The process can be equivalent to the corresponding thermodynamic parameters, which can be described by differential equations including thermodynamic parameters. The required parameters include the outdoor temperature and the equivalent thermal parameters of the surrounding environment. .
采用本发明的方法可以达到的效果是，通过调整空调的运行状态，提高了整个联盟的收益。通过Sharpley值法对空调的贡献进行量化，并为相应的用户分配收益，提高了用户参与需求响应的积极性。该方法能有效提高用户的收益，并促进光伏资源的就地消纳，时间复杂度小，计算成本低，有利于实现联盟的低成本运营。The effect that can be achieved by adopting the method of the present invention is that by adjusting the operating state of the air conditioner, the income of the entire alliance is improved. The contribution of air conditioners is quantified by the Sharpley value method, and the benefits are allocated to the corresponding users, which improves the enthusiasm of users to participate in demand response. This method can effectively improve the user's income and promote the local consumption of photovoltaic resources. The time complexity is small and the calculation cost is low, which is conducive to realizing the low-cost operation of the alliance.
空调参与需求响应所产生的收益，是由联盟中用户AC1，用户AC2与光伏发电装置PV三个成员的合作而产生的。在三个成员独立运行时，AC1与AC2向电网买电以供给负荷，PV将所有发电量全部上网。收益分配的对象即为联盟在合作模式下相比独立模式所增添的收益。The benefits generated by air conditioners participating in demand response are generated by the cooperation of three members of the alliance, user AC 1 , user AC 2 and photovoltaic power generation device PV. When the three members operate independently, AC 1 and AC 2 buy electricity from the grid to supply loads, and PV will generate all the generated electricity to the grid. The object of income distribution is the increased income of the alliance in the cooperation mode compared with the independent mode.
以6间住宅底商为研究对象，对所提出方法进行一天的仿真实验。合作模式与独立模式下的收益对比结果如表1所示。A one-day simulation experiment was carried out on the proposed method with 6 residential properties as the research objects. Table 1 shows the results of the income comparison between the cooperative mode and the independent mode.
表1：收益对比结果Table 1: Benefit comparison results
通过Shapley值法，可计算得到AC1，AC2，PV三个成员的收益分别为9.54，7.683与17.112。可以看出光伏发电单元在联盟中的贡献最大，由于AC1中空调的可调控程度较强，在合作中贡献较大，因此分配得到的收益更大。Through the Shapley value method, the income of AC 1 , AC 2 and PV can be calculated as 9.54, 7.683 and 17.112 respectively. It can be seen that the photovoltaic power generation unit has the largest contribution in the alliance. Since the air conditioner in AC 1 is more adjustable, it contributes more to the cooperation, so the distribution gains are greater.
图2是合作模式下各用户室内温度与室外温度的对比结果图。可以看出，室内温度变化范围在用户的舒适度区间内。本发明提出的方法在提高联盟效益的同时，保证了用户的用电舒适度。在分时电价的谷时段，由于光伏电量较低，温度基本保持在舒适度区间的下限。在接近电价的平时段时，空调会开始运行将温度加热至上限，以保证在电价的平时段空调可以处于关闭状态。在中午时段，由于光伏较高，因此空调处于运行状态，温度保持在舒适度区间的上限。Fig. 2 is a graph comparing the indoor temperature and the outdoor temperature of each user in the cooperation mode. It can be seen that the indoor temperature variation range is within the user's comfort range. The method proposed by the invention ensures the user's power consumption comfort while improving the benefit of the alliance. During the valley period of the time-of-use electricity price, due to the low photovoltaic power, the temperature basically remains at the lower limit of the comfort range. When the electricity price is close to the normal period, the air conditioner will start to run and heat the temperature to the upper limit, so as to ensure that the air conditioner can be turned off during the normal period of the electricity price. At noon, due to the high photovoltaic power, the air conditioner is running and the temperature is kept at the upper limit of the comfort range.
图3是联盟与电网交换的电量和光伏发电量的对比图。与电网的交换电量为正时，表示光伏上网；与电网的交换电量为负时，表示用户向电网买电。可以看出，仅在11a.m.-1p.m.期间，光伏有余电上网，其余部分全部被负荷消纳，促进了光伏的就地消纳。Figure 3 is a comparison chart of electricity exchanged between the alliance and the grid and photovoltaic power generation. When the electricity exchanged with the grid is positive, it means that the PV is connected to the grid; when the electricity exchanged with the grid is negative, it means that the user buys electricity from the grid. It can be seen that only during the period of 11a.m.-1p.m., the surplus power of photovoltaics is connected to the grid, and the rest is all absorbed by the load, which promotes the local consumption of photovoltaics.
本发明可以适用于配有可再生能源发电设备的居民区以及小型商业区等。本发明提出的空调分时调度及收益分配的方法，将空调在需求响应中的贡献进行量化，并为相应的用户进行收益分配，提高了用户参与需求响应的积极性。该方法能有效提高用户的收益，并促进光伏资源的就地消纳，时间复杂度小，计算成本低，在用户侧较易实现。The present invention can be applied to residential areas and small commercial areas equipped with renewable energy power generation equipment. The air conditioner time-sharing scheduling and income distribution method proposed by the present invention quantifies the contribution of the air conditioner in demand response, and distributes income for corresponding users, thereby improving the enthusiasm of users to participate in demand response. This method can effectively improve the user's income and promote the on-site consumption of photovoltaic resources. The time complexity is small, the calculation cost is low, and it is easier to implement on the user side.
此实施例仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。This embodiment is only a preferred specific implementation of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention , should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.
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