CN105822311B - The Super-large-section tunnel enlarging constructing structure in situ and construction method of the inside opening increase scope of operation - Google Patents
The Super-large-section tunnel enlarging constructing structure in situ and construction method of the inside opening increase scope of operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105822311B CN105822311B CN201610326430.1A CN201610326430A CN105822311B CN 105822311 B CN105822311 B CN 105822311B CN 201610326430 A CN201610326430 A CN 201610326430A CN 105822311 B CN105822311 B CN 105822311B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
Abstract
The present invention relates to the Super-large-section tunnel enlarging constructing structure in situ and construction method of a kind of inside opening increase scope of operation, it is characterised in that：The spaced first interim steel bushing arch and the second interim steel bushing arch are provided with including existing tunnel and in existing tunnel interior edge length of tunnel direction, Super-large-section tunnel profile is formed after excavating country rock on existing tunnel between the first interim steel bushing arch and the second interim steel bushing arch, preliminary bracing is provided with Super-large-section tunnel contour surface, the radial direction of the Super-large-section tunnel profile is laid with radial system anchor pole.The present invention is not possessing from earth's surface excavating shaft（Or inclined shaft）In the urban compact environment for increasing the scope of operation, by increasing the scope of operation from existing tunnel inside opening, construction speed can be significantly improved, shortens the construction period.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to the constructing structure of mountain tunnel and construction method, is in existing tunnel inside opening specifically
Increase a kind of Super-large-section tunnel enlarging constructing structure in situ and construction method of the scope of operation.
Background technology：
With the rapid development of the national economy, the volume of traffic increasingly increases, many builds municipal traffic tunnel of the remote past
Road Transportation demand can not be met, must be extended on existing tunnel former address, can be only achieved corresponding service level.
Enlarging scheme in situ generally includes following two：Single hole tunnel is extended into multiple-arch tunnel, or single hole tunnel is extended into especially big
Bore tunnel.For multiple-arch tunnel, although Super-large-section tunnel is faced with span larger, and support structure design is complicated, applies
The work process conversion unfavorable factor such as frequently, but with that road show line is convenient, level of service is high, social benefit is good etc. is excellent
Point, therefore obtain more and more extensive application in the extension project in situ in municipal traffic tunnel.
On the other hand, the logical pressure of the guarantor of town road is larger, therefore to the duration of municipal traffic tunnel original position extension project
It is it is required that higher.In conventional mountain tunnel, pass through earth's surface excavating shaft（Or inclined shaft）It is to improve construction speed to increase the scope of operation
Most effectual way；And in the intensive urban environment of construction of structures, do not possess generally from earth's surface excavating shaft（Or inclined shaft）'s
Site condition.It can be considered to the mode from existing tunnel inside opening, to reach the increase scope of operation, improves construction speed
Purpose.
The content of the invention：
It is an object of the invention to solve, the logical pressure of guarantor in the extension project of municipal traffic tunnel original position is big, construction period is high
Problem, there is provided a kind of from the Super-large-section tunnel enlarging constructing structure in situ of the existing tunnel inside opening increase scope of operation and construction
Method.
The Super-large-section tunnel enlarging constructing structure in situ of the inside opening increase scope of operation of the present invention, it is characterised in that：Bag
Include existing tunnel and the spaced first interim steel bushing arch and second interim is provided with existing tunnel interior edge length of tunnel direction
Steel bushing encircles, and especially big break is formed after excavating country rock on the existing tunnel between the first interim steel bushing arch and the second interim steel bushing arch
Face tunnel contour, preliminary bracing is provided with Super-large-section tunnel contour surface, the radial direction of the Super-large-section tunnel profile is laid
There is radial system anchor pole.
Further, above-mentioned radial system anchor pole is lengthl=3m, diameterϕ=22mm anchor rod with cement mortar, with spacingd
=0.5m quincuncial arrangements form.
Further, above-mentioned preliminary bracing includes 5 Pin I22 steel arch-shelfs and covers the 25cm thickness gunite concretes on its surface.
Further, the following side of above-mentioned Super-large-section tunnel profile is provided with lock foot anchoring stock, and lock foot anchoring stock includes 2 root long degreel=6m, diameterϕ=32mm hollow grouting anchor.
Further, the above-mentioned first interim steel bushing arch and the second interim steel bushing arch pass through 4 U16 by 10 Pin I22 steel arch-shelfs
Channel-section steel binder is welded.
Further, the above-mentioned first interim steel bushing arch and the second interim steel bushing arch spacing 4m, the first interim steel bushing arch and the
Two interim steel bushing arch length are 10m.
Super-large-section tunnel drilling and blasting method of the present invention enlarging construction method in situ, it is characterised in that：Construction method includes three
Step, it is 1 successively）Wall rock grouting is reinforced to be reinforced with hole inner sleeve arch；2）Super-large-section tunnel upper right quarter digs and preliminary bracing；3）
Super-large-section tunnel upper left quarter digs and preliminary bracing.
Wherein 1）Wall rock grouting is reinforced to be reinforced with hole inner sleeve arch：
A bit of section is chosen along existing tunnel longitudinal direction（Siding-to-siding block length B=4m）As inside opening section, it is front and rear certain
Section in mileage（Siding-to-siding block length B1=10m）As extension section；Wall is carried out to the country rock in open section and extension segment limit first
Grouting behind shaft or drift lining is reinforced, and the stabilized soil pavement of the wall rock grouting reinforcing body formed should be equivalent to the standard of IV level above rock mass；
Interim steel bushing arch is applied on the inside of the existing tunnel lining cutting of front and rear extension section, interim steel bushing arch is by 10 Pin I22 steel arches
Frame is welded by 4 U16 channel-section steel binders, reliable by bolt and existing tunnel liner structure at the arch springing per Pin steel arch-shelfs
Connection；
2）Super-large-section tunnel upper right quarter digs and preliminary bracing：
Since the abutment wall of right side successively upwards, segmentation abolish existing tunnel liner structure, while dig country rock to set wheel
Profile, preliminary bracing, lock foot anchoring stock and radial system anchor pole are applied in time, wherein preliminary bracing includes 5 Pin I22 steel arch-shelfs and covered
The 25cm thickness gunite concretes of its upper surface are covered, lock foot anchoring stock includes 2 root long degreel=6m, diameterϕ=32mm hollow slip casting anchor
Bar, radial system anchor pole is by lengthl=3m, diameterϕ=22mm anchor rod with cement mortar, by spacingd=0.5m quincuncial arrangements and
Into；
When digging to existing tunnel vault, using vault temporary steel support, it will dig what Tunnel was undertaken
Pressure from surrounding rock, temporary steel support obliquely pass to steel bushing arch to both sides, when digging to existing tunnel leftwall, use abutment wall
Temporary steel support, the pressure from surrounding rock for Tunnel will be digged being undertaken, steel bushing arch obliquely is passed to both sides, by facing
When bracing members and temporary steel support supporting role, improve the vertical bearing capacity of preliminary bracing, ensure that and dig rear tunnel
The resistance to overturning of country rock；
3）Super-large-section tunnel upper left quarter digs and preliminary bracing：
Since the haunch of left side successively downwards, segmentation digs country rock to contour line is set, and applies preliminary bracing, radial direction in time
System anchor bolt and lock foot anchoring stock, its supporting parameter are identical with right side；Excavate the hole slag formed laterally to discharge, and heap fills in existing tunnel
In road, the backfill of hole slag is formed, is advantageous to dig the resistance to overturning of rear tunnel surrounding.
After above-mentioned excavation and support, 2 Pin I22 steelframe vertical supportings are applied, its upper end is reliably welded with preliminary bracing,
Lower end is directly supported on the liner structure of existing tunnel, is remarkably improved the vertical bearing capacity of preliminary bracing, is completed vertical
After the conversion of power transmission, dismountable temporary steel support and, remove interim steel bushing arch.
Also include four steps in construction method of the present invention, subsequently dig and slag tap：
After forming the working space of B=4m width, 2 faces are added, so that it may it is similar with ordinary crossing driving, therefrom
Between tunneled to both sides, but different by vertical shaft mode of slagging tap from ordinary crossing, the explosion on newly-increased face is slagged tap, must pass through B=
4m inside opening section is laterally discharged, and because slag discharge efficiency is relatively low, the upper right of Super-large-section tunnel is only digged in the newly-increased scope of operation
Portion and upper left quarter, its hole slag are backfilled in existing tunnel, can both save haul distance, are advantageous to dig the overall steady of rear tunnel surrounding again
It is qualitative.
The present invention is not possessing from earth's surface excavating shaft（Or inclined shaft）Increase the scope of operation urban compact environment in, by from
Existing tunnel inside opening increases the scope of operation, can significantly improve construction speed, shortens the construction period.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the enlarging construction procedure one that inside opening increases the scope of operation（Cross section）；
Fig. 2 is the enlarging construction procedure one that inside opening increases the scope of operation（Vertical section）；
Fig. 3 is the enlarging construction procedure two that inside opening increases the scope of operation（Cross section）；
Fig. 4 is the enlarging construction procedure two that inside opening increases the scope of operation（Vertical section）；
Fig. 5 is the enlarging construction procedure three that inside opening increases the scope of operation（Cross section）；
Fig. 6 is the enlarging construction procedure three that inside opening increases the scope of operation（Vertical section）.
Embodiment：
Feature of present invention and application flow are further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, in order to understand.
The Super-large-section tunnel enlarging constructing structure in situ of the inside opening increase scope of operation of the present invention（As shown in Figure 3,4）,
The spaced first interim steel bushing arch 31a and the is provided with including existing tunnel A and in existing tunnel interior edge length of tunnel direction
Two interim steel bushings encircle 31b, after excavating country rock on the existing tunnel between the first interim steel bushing arch and the second interim steel bushing arch
Super-large-section tunnel profile B is formed, preliminary bracing 41, the Super-large-section tunnel wheel are provided with Super-large-section tunnel contour surface
Wide radial direction is laid with radial system anchor pole 43.
Further, above-mentioned radial system anchor pole 43 is lengthl=3m, diameterϕ=22mm anchor rod with cement mortar, with
Away fromd=0.5m quincuncial arrangements form.
Further, above-mentioned preliminary bracing 41 includes 5 Pin I22 steel arch-shelfs and covers the thick injection coagulations of 25cm on its surface
Soil.It is to have 5 I22 steel arch-shelfs that preliminary bracing 41, which includes 5 Pin I22 steel arch-shelfs, and I22 steel arch-shelfs are national standard part.
Further, above-mentioned Super-large-section tunnel profile B following side is provided with lock foot anchoring stock 42, and lock foot anchoring stock 42 includes 2
Root long degreel=6m, diameterϕ=32mm hollow grouting anchor.
Further, the above-mentioned first interim steel bushing arch and the second interim steel bushing arch pass through 4 U16 by 10 Pin I22 steel arch-shelfs
Channel-section steel binder is welded.First and second interim steel bushing arch is by 10 Pin I22 steel arch-shelfs, as with 10 I22 steel arch-shelfs, I22 steel
Bow member is national standard part, and U16 channel-section steel binders are model U16 steel channel beam.
Further, the above-mentioned first interim steel bushing arch and the second interim steel bushing arch spacing 4m, the first interim steel bushing arch and the
Two interim steel bushing arch length are 10m.
Super-large-section tunnel drilling and blasting method of the present invention enlarging construction method in situ, construction method include three steps, are successively
1）Wall rock grouting is reinforced to be reinforced with hole inner sleeve arch；2）Super-large-section tunnel upper right quarter digs and preliminary bracing；3）Extra-large cross-section tunnel
Road upper left quarter digs and preliminary bracing.
Wherein 1）Wall rock grouting is reinforced to be reinforced with hole inner sleeve arch（As shown in Figure 1, 2）：
A bit of section is chosen along existing tunnel longitudinal direction（Siding-to-siding block length B=4m）As inside opening section, it is front and rear certain
Section in mileage（Siding-to-siding block length B1=10m）As extension section；Wall is carried out to the country rock in open section and extension segment limit first
Grouting behind shaft or drift lining is reinforced, and the stabilized soil pavement of the wall rock grouting reinforcing body 32 formed should be equivalent to the standard of IV level above rock mass；
Rock mass more than IV levels is the rock mass that grade is IV levels, and it is national standard, and its RQD/% is 75-90.
Interim steel bushing arch 31 is applied on the inside of the existing tunnel lining cutting of front and rear extension section（Including the first interim steel bushing arch 31a
With the second interim steel bushing arch 31b）, interim steel bushing arch 31 is welded by 10 Pin I22 steel arch-shelfs by 4 U16 channel-section steel binders, often
It is reliably connected at the arch springing of Pin steel arch-shelfs by bolt and existing tunnel liner structure.
2）Super-large-section tunnel upper right quarter digs and preliminary bracing（As shown in Figure 3,4）：
Since the abutment wall of right side successively upwards, segmentation abolish existing tunnel liner structure, while dig country rock to set wheel
Profile, preliminary bracing 41, lock foot anchoring stock 42 and radial system anchor pole 43 are applied in time, wherein preliminary bracing 41 includes 5 Pin I22 steel
Bow member and the 25cm thickness gunite concretes for covering its upper surface, lock foot anchoring stock 42 include 2 root long degreel=6m, diameterϕ=32mm's
Hollow grouting anchor, radial system anchor pole 43 is by lengthl=3m, diameterϕ=22mm anchor rod with cement mortar, by spacingd=0.5m
Quincuncial arrangement forms.
When digging to existing tunnel vault, using vault temporary steel support 33, Tunnel 41 will be digged and held
The pressure from surrounding rock of load, temporary steel support 33 obliquely passes to steel bushing arch 31 to both sides, when digging to existing tunnel leftwall,
Using abutment wall temporary steel support 34, the pressure from surrounding rock that will dig Tunnel 41 and undertaken obliquely passes to both sides
Steel bushing arch 31, by temporary steel support 33 and the supporting role of temporary steel support 34, improves the vertical carrying of preliminary bracing 41
Ability, it ensure that the resistance to overturning for digging rear tunnel surrounding.
3）Super-large-section tunnel upper left quarter digs and preliminary bracing（As shown in Figure 5,6）：
Since the haunch of left side successively downwards, segmentation dig country rock to contour line is set, apply in time preliminary bracing 4101,
Radial system anchor pole 4301 and lock foot anchoring stock 4201, its supporting parameter are identical with right side；The hole slag formed is excavated laterally to discharge, and
Heap is filled in existing tunnel, forms hole slag backfill 23, is advantageous to dig the resistance to overturning of rear tunnel surrounding.
After above-mentioned excavation and support, 2 Pin I22 steelframes vertical supportings 44 are applied, its upper end and preliminary bracing 41 are reliable
Welding, lower end are directly supported on the liner structure of existing tunnel, are remarkably improved the vertical bearing capacity of preliminary bracing 41, complete
Into after the conversion of vertical power transmission, dismountable temporary steel support 33 and 34, interim steel bushing arch 31 is removed.
Also include four steps in construction method of the present invention, subsequently dig and slag tap：
After forming the working space of B=4m width, 2 faces are added, so that it may it is similar with ordinary crossing driving, therefrom
Between tunneled to both sides, but different by vertical shaft mode of slagging tap from ordinary crossing, the explosion on newly-increased face is slagged tap, must pass through B=
4m inside opening section is laterally discharged, and because slag discharge efficiency is relatively low, the upper right of Super-large-section tunnel is only digged in the newly-increased scope of operation
Portion and upper left quarter, its hole slag are backfilled in existing tunnel, can both save haul distance, are advantageous to dig the overall steady of rear tunnel surrounding again
It is qualitative.
The Super-large-section tunnel enlarging constructing structure in situ and method of the inside opening increase scope of operation of the present invention, have
Following 3 obvious advantages.
1）Do not possessing from earth's surface excavating shaft（Or inclined shaft）It is of the present invention in the urban compact environment for increasing the scope of operation
Super-large-section tunnel enlarging construction method in situ, by increasing the scope of operation from existing tunnel inside opening, can significantly improve and apply
Work progress, shorten the construction period.
2）Enlarging construction method in situ of the present invention, will dig Tunnel by temporary steel support and be undertaken
Pressure from surrounding rock, obliquely pass to interim steel bushing to both sides and encircle, the vertical bearing capacity of preliminary bracing can be significantly improved, ensured
Dig the resistance to overturning of rear tunnel surrounding.
3）Enlarging construction method in situ of the present invention, after the working space of one fixed width is formed, so that it may with it is common
Tunnel piercing is similar, is tunneled from centre to both sides, while its hole slag is backfilled in existing tunnel, can both save haul distance, and favorably
In the resistance to overturning for digging rear tunnel surrounding.
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, it is every to utilize this hair
The equivalent structure or equivalent flow conversion that bright specification and accompanying drawing content are made, or directly or indirectly it is used in other related skills
Art field, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
- A kind of 1. Super-large-section tunnel drilling and blasting method enlarging construction method in situ, it is characterised in that：Construction method includes three steps, It is 1 successively）Wall rock grouting is reinforced to be reinforced with hole inner sleeve arch；2）Super-large-section tunnel upper right quarter digs and preliminary bracing；3）It is especially big Bore tunnel upper left quarter digs and preliminary bracing；Wherein concrete technology：1）Wall rock grouting is reinforced to be reinforced with hole inner sleeve arch：A bit of section is chosen along existing tunnel longitudinal direction（Siding-to-siding block length B=4m）As inside opening section, its front and rear certain mileage Interior section（Siding-to-siding block length B1=10m）As extension section；Noted after carrying out wall to the country rock in open section and extension segment limit first Slurry is reinforced, the wall rock grouting reinforcing body formed（32）Stabilized soil pavement, should be equivalent to the standard of IV level above rock mass；Interim steel bushing arch is applied on the inside of the existing tunnel lining cutting of front and rear extension section（31）, interim steel bushing arch（31）By 10 Pin I22 Steel arch-shelf is welded by 4 U16 channel-section steel binders, passes through bolt and existing tunnel liner structure at the arch springing per Pin steel arch-shelfs It is reliably connected；2）Super-large-section tunnel upper right quarter digs and preliminary bracing：Since the abutment wall of right side successively upwards, existing tunnel liner structure is abolished in segmentation, while digs country rock to setting contour line, Apply preliminary bracing in time（41）, lock foot anchoring stock (4) and radial system anchor pole (43), wherein preliminary bracing (41) include 5 Pin I22 Steel arch-shelf and the 25cm thickness gunite concretes for covering its upper surface, lock foot anchoring stock (42) include 2 root long degreel=6m, diameterϕ= 32mm hollow grouting anchor, radial system anchor pole (43) is by lengthl=3m, diameterϕ=22mm anchor rod with cement mortar, by Away fromd=0.5m quincuncial arrangements form；When digging to existing tunnel vault, using vault temporary steel support (33), Tunnel (41) will be digged and held The pressure from surrounding rock of load, temporary steel support (33) obliquely pass to steel bushing arch to both sides（31）, when digging to the existing tunnel left side During wall, abutment wall temporary steel support is used（34）, Tunnel will be digged（41）The pressure from surrounding rock undertaken, obliquely to two Side passes to steel bushing arch（31）, pass through temporary steel support（33）And temporary steel support（34）Supporting role, improve branch at initial stage Shield（41）Vertical bearing capacity, ensure that the resistance to overturning for digging rear tunnel surrounding；3）Super-large-section tunnel upper left quarter digs and preliminary bracing：Since the haunch of left side successively downwards, segmentation digs country rock to contour line is set, and applies preliminary bracing in time（4101）, footpath To system anchor bolt（4301）And lock foot anchoring stock（4201）, its supporting parameter is identical with right side；The hole slag formed is excavated laterally to discharge, And heap is filled in existing tunnel, the backfill of hole slag is formed（23）, be advantageous to dig the resistance to overturning of rear tunnel surrounding；After above-mentioned excavation and support, 2 Pin I22 steelframes vertical supportings (44) are applied, its upper end is reliable with preliminary bracing (41) Welding, lower end are directly supported on the liner structure of existing tunnel, are remarkably improved the vertical bearing capacity of preliminary bracing (41), After the conversion for completing vertical power transmission, dismountable temporary steel support (33) and (34), interim steel bushing arch (31) is removed.
- 2. Super-large-section tunnel drilling and blasting method according to claim 1 enlarging construction method in situ, it is characterised in that：Also include four steps in construction method, subsequently dig and slag tap：Formed B=4m width working space after, add 2 faces, so that it may it is similar with ordinary crossing driving, from centre to Both sides are tunneled, but different by vertical shaft mode of slagging tap from ordinary crossing, and the explosion on newly-increased face is slagged tap, and must pass through B=4m's Inside opening section is laterally discharged, because slag discharge efficiency is relatively low, only digged in the newly-increased scope of operation upper right quarter of Super-large-section tunnel with Upper left quarter, its hole slag are backfilled in existing tunnel, can both save haul distance, are advantageous to dig the monolithic stability of rear tunnel surrounding again Property.
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| CN107100655A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-08-29 | 中铁二十局集团第六工程有限公司 | Weak surrounding rock locally changes the simple temporary support system of arch and its applies method |
| CN107965325B (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-10-30 | 济南城建集团有限公司 | A kind of small interval shallow tunnel just branch arch replacement construction method |
| CN108843330B (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2019-09-03 | 成都天佑智隧科技有限公司 | A kind of stratum active support and change method of Tunneling by mining method construction |
| CN109538219B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-10-20 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | In-situ expansion super-large section and partial excavation method of broken hard rock tunnel |
| CN109630138A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-16 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | The steelframe dike combined support partial excavation method of enlarging large section tunnel in situ |
| CN109594993A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-04-09 | 四川交通职业技术学院 | A kind of tunnel enlarging construction method in the case of uninterrupted traffic |
| CN112539075A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-03-23 | 福州大学 | Preset internal anchor rod structure for tunnel in-situ extension project and supporting method thereof |
| CN114151092A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-08 | 北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司 | Tunnel expanding and excavating connecting device and tunnel expanding and excavating method |
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| 大断面扩挖隧道分部开挖施工技术研究;王跃东;《交通建设与管理》;20140423;正文第2.2-2.3节，附图4-5 * |
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