CN105818951A - Novel front laterally-inclined guide vane type pump spraying propeller and design method thereof - Google Patents
Novel front laterally-inclined guide vane type pump spraying propeller and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000703 anti-shock Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H11/00—Marine propulsion by water jets
- B63H11/02—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water
- B63H11/04—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps
- B63H11/08—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps of rotary type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H11/00—Marine propulsion by water jets
- B63H11/02—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water
- B63H11/04—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps
- B63H2011/046—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps comprising means for varying pump characteristics, e.g. rotary pumps with variable pitch impellers, or adjustable stators
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种新型前置侧斜导叶式泵喷推进器及其设计方法，包括前置侧斜导叶、后置叶轮、环状导管、支撑轴承、旋转轴，其中导叶轮毂和后置叶轮均同轴设置于环状导管的内部；前置侧斜导叶均匀倾斜设置于导叶轮毂的外壁并与环状导管固定连接；旋转轴依次同轴穿过导叶轮毂和后置叶轮，旋转轴末端设置有导流帽，后置叶轮位于导叶轮毂和导流帽之间；后置叶轮固定套接于旋转轴外部并由旋转轴驱动做功，旋转轴通过的滑动支撑轴承同轴支撑于导叶轮毂内部。本发明有效降低辐射噪声，提高结构强度，适合于水下航行体的抗冲击和低噪声推进。
The present invention provides a novel front side inclined guide vane type pump jet propeller and its design method, including front side inclined guide vane, rear impeller, annular conduit, support bearing, rotating shaft, wherein the guide vane hub and The rear impellers are coaxially arranged inside the annular duct; the front side inclined guide vanes are evenly inclined on the outer wall of the guide vane hub and are fixedly connected with the annular duct; the rotation shaft passes through the guide vane hub and the rear The impeller, the end of the rotating shaft is provided with a diversion cap, the rear impeller is located between the guide vane hub and the diversion cap; the rear impeller is fixedly sleeved outside the rotating shaft and driven by the rotating shaft to do work, and the sliding support bearing passing through the rotating shaft is the same as The shaft is supported inside the vane hub. The invention effectively reduces radiation noise, improves structural strength, and is suitable for anti-shock and low-noise propulsion of underwater vehicles.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于泵喷水推进领域，具体涉及一种新型前置侧斜导叶式泵喷推进器及其设计方法。The invention belongs to the field of pump-jet propulsion, and in particular relates to a novel front side inclined guide vane type pump-jet propeller and a design method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着马航MH370航难事件的发生和相关搜救工作的开展，美国“蓝鳍金枪鱼”自主式航行器不断进入人们的视线，民众对水下探测器的重要性有了进一步的认识。声隐身性是水下航行体的重要性能指标之一，也是水下航行体完成使命任务的重要保障，它不仅决定了自身声纳和信号接收装置的作用范围，同时还显著影响了自身被对方声纳探测的概率。推进器作为水下航行体推进系统中的核心组成，其对水下航行体声隐身性能起着至关重要的作用。这是因为：一方面，随着舱笩、浮筏、隔振器、柔性接管等减震降噪技术的出现，水下航行体的机械噪声逐渐得到了有效治理和控制；另一方面，推进器经由进水管路的直接辐射噪声是无法通过隔振设备消除，其辐射噪声的降低只能通过低噪声推进器的设计来解决。With the occurrence of the Malaysia Airlines MH370 disaster and the development of related search and rescue work, the American "Bluefin Tuna" autonomous aircraft has continuously come into people's sight, and the public has a further understanding of the importance of underwater detectors. Acoustic invisibility is one of the important performance indicators of underwater vehicles, and it is also an important guarantee for underwater vehicles to complete their missions. Probability of sonar detection. As the core component of the propulsion system of the underwater vehicle, the propeller plays a vital role in the acoustic stealth performance of the underwater vehicle. This is because: on the one hand, with the emergence of shock and noise reduction technologies such as cabins, floating rafts, vibration isolators, and flexible joints, the mechanical noise of underwater vehicles has gradually been effectively treated and controlled; on the other hand, the propulsion The direct radiated noise of the propeller through the water inlet pipeline cannot be eliminated by vibration isolation equipment, and the reduction of its radiated noise can only be solved by the design of low-noise propellers.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是针对现有技术的缺陷，提供一种新型前置侧斜导叶式泵喷推进器及其设计方法，有效降低辐射噪声，提高结构强度，适合于水下航行体的抗冲击和低噪声推进。The purpose of the present invention is to address the defects of the prior art, to provide a new type of front side inclined guide vane pump jet propeller and its design method, which can effectively reduce the radiation noise, improve the structural strength, and is suitable for the impact resistance of underwater vehicles. and low noise propulsion.
本发明提供了一种新型前置侧斜导叶式泵喷推进器，包括前置侧斜导叶、后置叶轮、环状导管、支撑轴承、旋转轴，其中导叶轮毂和后置叶轮均同轴设置于环状导管的内部；前置侧斜导叶均匀倾斜设置于导叶轮毂的外壁并与环状导管固定连接；旋转轴依次同轴穿过导叶轮毂和后置叶轮，旋转轴末端设置有导流帽，后置叶轮位于导叶轮毂和导流帽之间；后置叶轮固定套接于旋转轴外部并由旋转轴驱动做功，旋转轴通过的滑动支撑轴承同轴支撑于导叶轮毂内部。The present invention provides a new type of front side inclined guide vane type pump jet propeller, comprising front side inclined guide vane, rear impeller, annular conduit, support bearing, rotating shaft, wherein guide vane hub and rear impeller are both Coaxially arranged inside the annular duct; the front side inclined guide vanes are evenly inclined on the outer wall of the guide vane hub and fixedly connected with the annular duct; the rotation axis passes through the guide vane hub and the rear impeller in sequence, The end is provided with a guide cap, and the rear impeller is located between the guide vane hub and the guide cap; the rear impeller is fixedly sleeved outside the rotating shaft and driven by the rotating shaft to do work, and the sliding support bearing passed by the rotating shaft is coaxially supported on the guide. Inside the impeller hub.
所述后置叶轮进口环量等于前置侧斜导叶出口的环量。The circulation at the inlet of the rear impeller is equal to the circulation at the outlet of the front side inclined guide vane.
一种新型前置侧斜导叶式泵喷推进器的设计方法，包括以下步骤：A design method for a novel front side inclined guide vane type pump-jet propeller, comprising the following steps:
a.根据目标泵喷水推进器的流量、扬程、转速进出口尺寸以及扬程的定义式，计算出后置叶轮的叶片进出口环量；a. According to the flow rate, head, rotational speed inlet and outlet dimensions of the target pump water jet propeller and the definition of the head, calculate the blade inlet and outlet circulation of the rear impeller;
b.在后置叶轮叶片径向方向选择三个以上特征截面，其中选取后置叶轮轮毂半径所在截面为一个特征截面，选取后置叶轮轮缘半径所在截面作为另一个特征截面，剩余的特征截面在后置叶轮轮毂半径所在截面与后置叶轮轮缘半径所在截面之间均匀选取，将最接近于后置叶轮轮缘半径所在截面的特征截面作为环量最大截面；b. Select more than three characteristic sections in the radial direction of the rear impeller blades, among which the section where the hub radius of the rear impeller is selected as a characteristic section, and the section where the radius of the rear impeller rim is selected as another characteristic section, and the remaining characteristic sections Select evenly between the section where the hub radius of the rear impeller is located and the section where the rim radius of the rear impeller is located, and take the characteristic section closest to the section where the rim radius of the rear impeller is located as the maximum circulation section;
c.将第a步计算出的后置叶轮进出口环量作为环量最大截面的环量值，后置叶轮轮毂半径所在截面的进出口环量取值取为环量最大截面环量值乘以毂径比倍数，后置叶轮轮缘半径所在截面进出口环量取值取为环量最大截面环量值的0.5倍或以下，其余特征截面进出环量取值通过线性插值求得；c. The inlet and outlet circulation of the rear impeller calculated in step a is taken as the circulation value of the maximum circulation section, and the inlet and outlet circulation value of the section where the hub radius of the rear impeller is located is taken as the maximum circulation section circulation value multiplied Taking the multiple of the hub diameter ratio, the value of the inlet and outlet circulation of the section where the rear impeller rim radius is located is 0.5 times or less than the maximum section circulation value of the circulation, and the inlet and outlet circulation values of other characteristic sections are obtained by linear interpolation;
d.前置侧斜导叶出口的环量取值为后置叶轮进口的环量；d. The value of the circulation at the outlet of the front side inclined guide vane is the circulation at the inlet of the rear impeller;
e.根据前置侧斜导叶出口的环量和后置叶轮进出口的环量完成后置叶轮和前置侧斜导叶叶片的三元设计；e. Complete the ternary design of the rear impeller and the front oblique guide vane according to the circulation at the outlet of the front oblique guide vane and the circulation at the inlet and outlet of the rear impeller;
f.选取前置侧斜导叶叶片的侧斜比例，其中侧斜比例为50％以上，侧斜角度沿叶片径向采用线性分布形式；f. Select the slope ratio of the front slope guide vane blade, wherein the slope ratio is more than 50%, and the slope angle adopts a linear distribution form along the radial direction of the blade;
g.选取导管外壁面形状，采用流动性能较好的翼型结构；g. Select the shape of the outer wall of the conduit and adopt an airfoil structure with better flow performance;
h.借助高性能计算机平台，运用数值试验手段对泵喷推进器的推进性能进行计算和评估；h. With the help of a high-performance computer platform, use numerical test methods to calculate and evaluate the propulsion performance of the pump-jet propeller;
i.判断设计结果是否满足设计指标，若未满足设计指标，将进行循环迭代设计，不断修改后置叶轮及前置侧斜导叶叶片的环量、前置侧斜导叶叶片的侧斜角度，直到满足设计指标。i. Judging whether the design result meets the design index, if the design index is not met, iterative design will be carried out to continuously modify the circulation of the rear impeller and the front skew guide vane blade, and the skew angle of the front skew guide vane blade , until the design specification is met.
本发明的前置倾斜导叶处于后置叶轮进流的前方，一方面使做功叶轮的进流更为均匀，另一方面使得泵喷水推进器的动静干涉区域在做功叶轮的前方，其强度要明显小于叶轮做功后的高速高压出口区出现的动静干涉。本发明的前置侧斜导叶使得船/艇尾的高伴流区沿着导叶半径剖面渐次进入叶轮进口，从而达到减小叶轮桨叶激励力的目的。同时，本发明采用前置侧斜导叶可以有效降低做功叶轮的侧斜和扭曲变形，进而有效的增加了叶轮结构强度。本发明的前置倾斜导叶叶稍适当降低载荷并与叶轮载荷匹配，达到了抑制泵喷叶轮稍涡流动和降低推进器噪声的目的。The front inclined guide vane of the present invention is located in front of the inflow of the rear impeller. On the one hand, the inflow of the power impeller is made more uniform, and on the other hand, the dynamic and static interference area of the pump water jet propeller is in front of the power impeller. It should be obviously smaller than the dynamic and static interference that occurs in the high-speed and high-pressure outlet area after the impeller does work. The front side inclined guide vane of the present invention enables the high wake area of the ship/boat stern to gradually enter the impeller inlet along the radius profile of the guide vane, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the excitation force of the impeller blade. At the same time, the present invention adopts the front side inclined guide vane, which can effectively reduce the side inclination and distortion of the power impeller, and further effectively increase the structural strength of the impeller. The pre-inclined guide vane of the invention slightly reduces the load and matches the load of the impeller, thereby achieving the purpose of suppressing the slightly vortex flow of the pump impeller and reducing the noise of the propeller.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明结构示意图a；Fig. 1 is the structural representation a of the present invention;
图2是本发明结构示意图b；Fig. 2 is a structural schematic b of the present invention;
其中，1-前置侧斜导叶；2-后置叶轮；3-导管；4-导流帽；5-导叶轮毂；6-支撑轴承；7-旋转轴，8-后置叶轮轮毂半径所在截面，9-后置叶轮轮缘半径所在截面。Among them, 1- front side inclined guide vane; 2- rear impeller; 3- duct; 4- deflector cap; 5- guide vane hub; 6- support bearing; The section where it is located, 9-the section where the rear impeller rim radius is located.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明，便于清楚地了解本发明，但它们不对本发明构成限定。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments to facilitate a clear understanding of the present invention, but they do not limit the present invention.
如图所示，本发明提供了一种新型前置侧斜导叶式泵喷推进器，其特征在于：它包括前置侧斜导叶1、后置叶轮2、环状导管3、支撑轴承6、旋转轴7，其中导叶轮毂5和后置叶轮2均同轴设置于环状导管3的内部；前置侧斜导叶1均匀倾斜设置于导叶轮毂5的外壁并与环状导管3固定连接；旋转轴7依次同轴穿过导叶轮毂5和后置叶轮2，旋转轴7末端设置有导流帽4，后置叶轮2位于导叶轮毂5和导流帽4之间；后置叶轮2固定套接于旋转轴7外部并由旋转轴7驱动做功，旋转轴7通过的滑动支撑轴承6同轴支撑于导叶轮毂5内部。所述后置叶轮2进口环量等于前置侧斜导叶2出口的环量。As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a new type of front inclined guide vane pump jet propeller, which is characterized in that it includes a front inclined guide vane 1, a rear impeller 2, an annular duct 3, and a support bearing 6. The rotating shaft 7, wherein the guide vane hub 5 and the rear impeller 2 are coaxially arranged inside the annular duct 3; 3 fixedly connected; the rotating shaft 7 coaxially passes through the vane hub 5 and the rear impeller 2 sequentially, the end of the rotating shaft 7 is provided with a diversion cap 4, and the rear impeller 2 is located between the vane hub 5 and the diversion cap 4; The rear impeller 2 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft 7 and driven by the rotating shaft 7 to perform work. The sliding support bearing 6 passed by the rotating shaft 7 is coaxially supported inside the guide vane hub 5 . The circulation at the inlet of the rear impeller 2 is equal to the circulation at the outlet of the front side inclined guide vane 2 .
上述新型前置侧斜导叶式泵喷推进器的设计方法包括以下步骤：The design method of the above-mentioned novel front side inclined guide vane type pump-jet propeller comprises the following steps:
a.根据目标泵喷水推进器的流量、扬程、转速进出口尺寸以及扬程的定义式，计算出后置叶轮的叶片进出口环量。计算时采用叶片载荷大小来表示叶片做功的强弱，实际上载荷分布即是叶片环量分布。泵类推进器的进出口环量差决定了推进器的扬程，扬程的高低决定了推进器做功能力的大小。根据《现代泵理论与设计》中扬程的定义式可知扬程Ht＝ω(г2-г1)/(2gπ)，其中ω表示角速度，г＝2πRvu表示叶轮剖面的环量，下标1和2代表了进口和出口位置。a. According to the flow rate, head, speed inlet and outlet size of the target pump water jet propeller and the definition formula of the head, calculate the blade inlet and outlet circulation of the rear impeller. In the calculation, the blade load is used to represent the strength of the blade's work. In fact, the load distribution is the distribution of the blade circulation. The difference in circulation between the inlet and outlet of the pump propeller determines the lift of the propeller, and the height of the lift determines the working capacity of the propeller. According to the definition of the head in "Modern Pump Theory and Design", it can be known that the head Ht=ω(г 2 -г 1 )/(2gπ), where ω represents the angular velocity, г=2πRv u represents the circulation of the impeller section, and the subscripts 1 and 2 represents the import and export positions.
b.在后置叶轮叶片径向方向选择5个特征截面，其中选取后置叶轮轮毂半径所在截面8为百分比作为0的特征截面，选取后置叶轮轮缘半径所在截面9作为百分比作为1的特征截面，剩余的特征截面在后置叶轮轮毂与后置叶轮轮缘之间均匀选取，后置叶轮轮毂与后置叶轮轮缘之间选出三个特征截面25％，50％，75％，将最接近于1的百分比特征截面作为环量最大截面，即将75％的特征截面作为环量最大截面；b. Select 5 characteristic sections in the radial direction of the rear impeller blade, wherein the section 8 where the radius of the rear impeller hub is located is selected as the characteristic section of 0 as a percentage, and the section 9 where the radius of the rear impeller rim is selected as a percentage is taken as a feature of 1 section, the remaining characteristic sections are uniformly selected between the hub of the rear impeller and the rim of the rear impeller, and three characteristic sections of 25%, 50%, and 75% are selected between the hub of the rear impeller and the rim of the rear impeller, and the The percentage characteristic section closest to 1 is taken as the maximum circulation section, that is, 75% of the characteristic section is taken as the maximum circulation section;
c.将第a步计算出的后置叶轮进出口环量作为环量最大截面的环量值，百分比为0的特征截面的进出口环量取值取为环量最大截面环量值乘以毂径比倍数，百分比为1的特征截面的进出口环量取值取为环量最大截面环量值的0.5倍或以下，其他特征截面进出环量取值通过线性插值求得；c. The inlet and outlet circulation of the rear impeller calculated in step a is taken as the circulation value of the maximum circulation section, and the inlet and outlet circulation value of the characteristic section with a percentage of 0 is taken as the maximum circulation section circulation value multiplied by Hub diameter ratio multiples, the value of the inlet and outlet circulation of the characteristic section with a percentage of 1 shall be 0.5 times or less than the maximum section circulation value of the circulation, and the value of the inlet and outlet circulation of other characteristic sections shall be obtained by linear interpolation;
d.前置侧斜导叶出口的环量取值为后置叶轮进口的环量，即是匹配前置倾斜导叶载荷与后置叶轮载荷。另外，根据低噪声推进器设计的实践经验，空泡是推进器的重要噪声源，而推进器桨叶稍部是线速度最高的部位，也是最容易出现空泡的位置。本发明通过降低前置侧斜导叶叶稍的载荷(环量)达到抑制泵喷叶轮稍涡流动和降低推进器噪声的目的。d. The value of the circulation at the outlet of the front inclined guide vane is the circulation at the inlet of the rear impeller, which is to match the load of the front inclined guide vane and the load of the rear impeller. In addition, according to the practical experience of low-noise propeller design, cavitation is an important noise source of the propeller, and the tip of the propeller blade is the part with the highest linear velocity, and it is also the position where cavitation is most likely to occur. The invention achieves the purpose of suppressing the slightly vortex flow of the pump spray impeller and reducing the noise of the propeller by reducing the load (circulation) of the tip of the front side inclined guide vane.
e.根据前置侧斜导叶出口的环量和后置叶轮进出口的环量完成后置叶轮和前置侧斜导叶叶片的三元设计(参考文献《混流式喷水推进泵三元设计及数值试验》，靳栓宝)；e. Complete the ternary design of the rear impeller and front slant guide vane blades according to the circulation at the outlet of the front slant guide vane and the circulation at the inlet and outlet of the rear impeller (reference "Frictional water jet propulsion pump ternary design" Design and Numerical Experiment", Jin Shuanbao);
f.选取前置侧斜导叶叶片的侧斜角，其中侧斜比例为50％或以上，侧斜角度沿叶片径向采用线性分布形式；使得船/艇尾的高伴流区沿着导叶半径剖面渐次进入叶轮进口，从而达到减小叶轮桨叶激励力的目的。同时，本发明采用侧斜导叶可以有效降低做功叶轮的侧斜和扭曲变形，进而有效的增加了叶轮结构强度。其中叶片侧斜角是指叶梢切面的侧斜角，当桨叶侧斜角位移正好等于360°/Z(Z为叶片数)时称为100％侧斜，当侧斜大于或等于50％时称为大侧斜。f. Select the side slope angle of the front side slope guide vane blade, wherein the slope ratio is 50% or more, and the side slope angle adopts a linear distribution form along the radial direction of the blade; so that the high wake area of the ship/boat stern along the guide The blade radius profile gradually enters the impeller inlet, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the impeller blade excitation force. At the same time, the invention adopts the side-slanted guide vane, which can effectively reduce the side-slant and twist deformation of the power impeller, thereby effectively increasing the structural strength of the impeller. Among them, the blade side slope angle refers to the side slope angle of the cutting surface of the blade tip. When the blade side slope angle displacement is exactly equal to 360°/Z (Z is the number of blades), it is called 100% side slope. When the side slope is greater than or equal to 50% It is called a large lateral slope.
g.选取导管外壁面形状，采用流动性能较好的翼型结构；g. Select the shape of the outer wall of the conduit and adopt an airfoil structure with better flow performance;
h.借助高性能计算机平台，运用数值试验手段对泵喷推进器的推进性能进行计算和评估(参考文献《基于数值试验及实船试航的喷水推进器改型设计》，靳栓宝)；h. With the help of a high-performance computer platform, use numerical test methods to calculate and evaluate the propulsion performance of the pump-jet propulsion (reference "Retrofit Design of Water-Jet Propeller Based on Numerical Test and Sea Trial", Jin Shuanbao);
i.判断设计结果是否满足设计指标，若未满足设计指标，将进行循环迭代设计，不断修改后置叶轮及前置侧斜导叶叶片的环量、前置侧斜导叶叶片的侧斜角度，直到满足设计指标。i. Judging whether the design result meets the design index, if the design index is not met, iterative design will be carried out to continuously modify the circulation of the rear impeller and the front skew guide vane blade, and the skew angle of the front skew guide vane blade , until the design specification is met.
本说明书未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。The content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
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