CN105817242B - One kind nano-carbon material containing hetero atom and its preparation method and application and a kind of hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction method - Google Patents

One kind nano-carbon material containing hetero atom and its preparation method and application and a kind of hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction method Download PDF

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CN105817242B
CN105817242B CN201510703329.9A CN201510703329A CN105817242B CN 105817242 B CN105817242 B CN 105817242B CN 201510703329 A CN201510703329 A CN 201510703329A CN 105817242 B CN105817242 B CN 105817242B
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nano
carbon material
hetero atom
containing hetero
material containing
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CN105817242A (en
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史春风
荣峻峰
于鹏
谢婧新
宗明生
林伟国
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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Priority to JP2017539317A priority Critical patent/JP6867948B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/000059 priority patent/WO2016119568A1/en
Priority to US15/546,791 priority patent/US10537882B2/en
Priority to KR1020177023979A priority patent/KR102485735B1/en
Priority to EP16742630.3A priority patent/EP3251746A4/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/20—Carbon compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C11/00—Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C11/02—Alkenes
    • C07C11/08—Alkenes with four carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
    • C07C5/42—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor
    • C07C5/48—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • C07C2527/20—Carbon compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • C07C2527/24—Nitrogen compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of nano-carbon materials containing hetero atom and its preparation method and application, and on the basis of the total amount of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom and based on the element, the content that content that the content of O is 16 weight %, N is 02 weight %, C is 92 99 weight %；In XPS spectrum figure, the ratio of the O and the O determined by the peak within the scope of 532.6 533.5eV that are determined by the peak within the scope of 531.0 532.5eV are 0.2 0.8；The ratio of the C determined by the peak within the scope of 288.6 288.8eV the and C determined by the peak within the scope of 286.0 286.2eV is 0.2 1；The ratio of the total amount of the N and N that determined by the peak within the scope of 398.5 400.1eV is 0.7 1.The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom shows good catalytic performance in the dehydrogenation reaction of hydrocarbons, can significantly improve feed stock conversion and target product selectivity.

Description

One kind nano-carbon material containing hetero atom and its preparation method and application and a kind of hydrocarbon are de- Hydrogen reaction method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nano-carbon materials containing hetero atom, and the invention further relates to a kind of nano-carbon materials containing hetero atom Preparation method and the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared by this method, the present invention further relate to a kind of by containing miscellaneous original by above-mentioned Sub- nano-carbon material is roasted and the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom for preparing, contains the invention further relates to according to the present invention Application and a kind of hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction method of the hetero atom nano-carbon material as the catalyst of hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction.
Background technology
The dehydrogenation reaction of hydrocarbons is a kind of important reaction type, such as most of low-carbon olefine is to pass through low-carbon The dehydrogenation reaction of alkane and obtain.Whether dehydrogenation reaction participates in be divided into direct dehydrogenation reaction (that is, oxygen according to oxygen Gas is not involved in) and oxidative dehydrogenation (that is, oxygen participation) two classes.
A plurality of types of nano-carbon materials have been demonstrated equal to the direct dehydrogenation reaction of hydrocarbons and oxidative dehydrogenation With catalytic effect, introducing oxygen atom and/or nitrogen-atoms can then improve its catalytic activity in nano-carbon material.
Oxygen atom is introduced in nano-carbon material, can form hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, ester group on nano-carbon material surface With the oxygen-containing functional groups such as acid anhydrides.
Oxygen atom can be introduced in nano-carbon material by carrying out oxidation processes realization to nano-carbon material, to increase The content of oxygen-containing functional group in nano-carbon material.For example, can be by nano-carbon material in strong acid (such as HNO3、H2SO4) and/or it is strong Oxidizing solution (such as H2O2、KMnO4) in carry out back flow reaction, can also be assisted while back flow reaction carry out microwave heating Or sonic oscillation, to enhance the effect of oxidation reaction.It can but carry out back flow reaction in strong acid and/or strong oxidizing solution Can have an adverse effect to the skeleton structure of nano-carbon material, or even destroy the skeleton structure of nano-carbon material.Such as：It will receive Rice carbon material carries out back flow reaction in nitric acid, although a large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups can be introduced on nano-carbon material surface, Nano-carbon material is easily caused to be cut off and/or obviously increase the defects of graphite network structure position, to reduce nano carbon material The performance of material, such as thermal stability.In addition, by carrying out back flow reaction in strong acid and/or strong oxidizing solution, to introduce oxygen original The introduction volume of the period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, oxygen atom is high to the dependence of operation condition, and fluctuation range is wider.
When introducing nitrogen-atoms in nano-carbon material, according to nitrogen-atoms, residing chemical environment is not in nano-carbon material Together, nitrogen-atoms is usually divided into chemical nitrogen and structure nitrogen.Chemical nitrogen mainly appears in material in the form of surface functional group Surface, such as amino or nitrosyl radical surface nitrogen-containing functional group.Structure nitrogen refer into nano-carbon material skeleton structure with The nitrogen-atoms of carbon atom bonding.Structure nitrogen mainly include graphite mould nitrogen (that is,), pyridine type nitrogen (that is,) and pyrrole Cough up type nitrogen (that is,).Graphite mould nitrogen directly replaces the carbon atom in graphite lattice, forms saturation nitrogen-atoms；Pyridine type nitrogen and Pyrroles's type nitrogen is unsaturated nitrogen atom, while replacing carbon atom, can often cause the missing for closing on carbon atom, form defect Position.
Can by introduced in nano-carbon material building-up process nitrogenous functional atmosphere (such as ammonia, nitrogen, urea, Melamine), nitrogen is introduced into nano carbon material simultaneously in the building-up process of nano-carbon material using high temperature and/or high pressure In the skeleton structure of material and/or surface；It can also be by the way that nano-carbon material to be placed in nitrogenous functional atmosphere (such as ammonia, nitrogen Gas, urea, melamine) in, nitrogen is introduced into the surface of nano-carbon material using high temperature and/or high pressure.High temperature and/or For high pressure although structure nitrogen can be formed in nano-carbon material, the type of nitrogen containing species depends on reaction condition, not easily-controllable System；Also, the different types of nitrogen containing species so generated are unevenly distributed on the surface of nano-carbon material, lead to nitrogenous nanometer The performance of carbon material is unstable.It then can also be reacted with amine, in nanometer by the way that nano-carbon material is carried out oxidation processes Carbon material surface introduces nitrogen-atoms, and the nitrogen-atoms so introduced is essentially chemical nitrogen.
Although the research of doping vario-property and its catalytic performance in relation to nano-carbon material achieves many progress, for Some of which basic problem is not built consensus yet, is still needed to doping vario-property nano-carbon material and preparation method thereof and catalysis Performance is furtherd investigate.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of preparation methods of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, not using this method It is only capable of in nano-carbon material surface introducing hetero-atoms, and the structure of nano-carbon material itself is influenced little.The present invention's is another One is designed to provide a kind of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, this contains dehydrogenation of the hetero atom nano-carbon material for hydrocarbons When reaction, higher feed stock conversion can not only be obtained, and higher selectivity of product can be obtained.A further object of the present invention It is to provide a kind of hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction method, this method can obtain higher feed stock conversion and selectivity of product.
According to the first aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, this contains hetero atom Nano-carbon material contains C element, O elements and optional N element, on the basis of the total amount of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom simultaneously Based on the element, the content of O elements is 1-6 weight %, and the content of N element is 0-2 weight %, and the content of C element is 92-99 weights Measure %；
This contains in hetero atom nano-carbon material, is determined by the peak within the scope of 531.0-532.5eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy O elements amount be IO c, the amount of the O elements determined by the peak within the scope of 532.6-533.5eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is IO e, IO c/IO eIn the range of 0.2-0.8；
It is true by the peak within the scope of 288.6-288.8eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom The amount of fixed C element is IC c, the amount of the C element determined by the peak within the scope of 286.0-286.2eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is IC e, IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.2-1；
When the content of N element in the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is 0.1 weight % or more, by x-ray photoelectron Power spectrum determines that the total amount of the N element in the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is IN t, by 398.5- in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The amount for the N element that peak within the scope of 400.1eV determines is IN c, IN c/IN tIn the range of 0.7-1.
According to the second aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, This method includes reacting a kind of aqueous dispersions being dispersed with raw material nano carbon material in closed container, described water-dispersed For liquid with or without organic base, the organic base is amine and/or quaternary ammonium base, and in reaction process, the temperature of the aqueous dispersions is kept In the range of 80-220 DEG C.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of method systems by according to the second aspect of the present invention Standby nano-carbon material containing hetero atom.
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, this contains hetero atom Nano-carbon material is will to be roasted according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom in terms of the first aspect of the present invention or third Prepared by.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the nanometers containing hetero atom according to the first aspect of the present invention Carbon material, according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of third aspect of the present invention or containing according to the 4th aspect of the present invention Application of the hetero atom nano-carbon material as the catalyst of hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction.
According to the sixth aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction method, this method, which is included in, deposits Under conditions of oxygen, under hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction conditions, hydrocarbon is contained into miscellaneous original with according to the first aspect of the present invention Sub- nano-carbon material, according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of third aspect of the present invention or according to the 4th side of the invention The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom in face contacts.
The preparation method of the nano-carbon material according to the present invention containing hetero atom can not only steadily regulate and control and/or improve to receive Content of heteroatoms in rice carbon material, while small, the nano carbon material containing hetero atom of preparation is influenced on the structure of nano-carbon material itself Expect with stable performance.
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to the present invention shows good catalysis in the dehydrogenation reaction of hydrocarbons Performance can significantly improve feed stock conversion and selectivity of product.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the transmission electron microscope photo for preparing the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared by embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope photo for preparing the raw material nano carbon material that embodiment 1 uses.
Fig. 3 is the transmission electron microscope photo for preparing the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared by embodiment 7.
Specific implementation mode
In the present invention, nano-carbon material refers to the dispersed phase scale at least one-dimensional carbon material less than 100nm.
According to the first aspect of the invention, described to contain miscellaneous original the present invention provides a kind of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom Sub- nano-carbon material contains C element, O elements and optional N element.In the present invention, term it is " optional " indicate with or without. On the basis of the total amount of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom and based on the element, the content of O elements is 1-6 weight %, N element Content is 0-2 weight %, and the content of C element is 92-99 weight %.
In one embodiment, the content of N element is less than 0.1 weight % in the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom When, on the basis of the total amount of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom and based on the element, the content of O can be 2.5-5.8 weight %, excellent It is selected as 3-5.6 weight %, more preferably 4.5-5.5 weight %；The content of C element can be 94.2-97.5 weight %, preferably 94.4-97 weight %, more preferably 94.5-95.5 weight %.Made according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of the embodiment For the dehydrogenation reaction of alkane, particularly butane (such as normal butane) catalyst when, the same of higher feed stock conversion can obtained When, there is higher selectivity to 1- alkene (such as 1- butylene).
In a kind of more preferably embodiment, the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom preferably comprises N element, such energy Further increase the catalytic performance when catalyst as hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction.It is highly preferred that with the nano carbon material containing hetero atom On the basis of the total amount of material and based on the element, the content of O elements is 2-6 weight %, preferably 3.5-5.5 weight %；N element contains Amount is 0.2-1.8 weight %, preferably 0.5-1.8 weight %；The content of C element is 92.2-97.8 weight %, preferably 92.7-96 weight %.
In the present invention, the content of each element is measured using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) method, is corresponded to by 1s electronics spectral peaks Area determine the content of element；Sample is dry in helium atmosphere in 150 DEG C of temperature and the pressure of 1 normal atmosphere before testing 3 hours.Wherein, when the content value of measurement is less than 0.1 weight %, the content of the element is denoted as 0.
In the present invention, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis is in Thermo Scientific companies equipped with Thermo It is tested on the ESCALab250 type x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies of Avantage V5.926 softwares, excitaton source is monochromatization Al K α X-rays, energy 1486.6eV, power 150W, penetrating used in narrow scan can be 30eV, base vacuum when analysis test It is 6.5 × 10-10Mbar, the peaks C1s (284.0eV) correction of electron binding energy simple substance carbon, in Thermo Avantage softwares Upper carry out data processing carries out quantitative analysis in analysis module using sensitivity factor method.
It is true by the peak within the scope of 531.0-532.5eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom The amount of fixed O elements (that is, C=O) is IO c, the O that is determined by the peak within the scope of 532.6-533.5eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The amount of element (that is, CO) is IO e, IO c/IO eIn the range of 0.2-0.8.The N element in the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom When content is less than 0.1 weight %, IO c/IO eIt is preferred that in the range of 0.4-0.7, more preferably in the range of 0.55-0.65. When the content of N element is 0.1 weight % or more in the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, IO c/IO eIt is preferred that in 0.35-0.85 In the range of, more preferably in the range of 0.45-0.8.In the present invention, when indicating numberical range, " ×-× in the range of " Including two binary values.
In the present invention, by the area A of the O1s spectral peaks in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopyO 1The total amount for determining O elements, by X-ray O1s spectral peaks in photoelectron spectroscopy are divided into two groups of peaks, i.e., the spectral peak (corresponding to C=O species) within the scope of 531.0-532.5eV And the spectral peak (corresponding to C-O species) within the scope of 532.6-533.5eV, by the spectral peak within the scope of 531.0-532.5eV Area be denoted as AO 2, the area of the spectral peak within the scope of 532.6-533.5eV is denoted as AO 3, IO c/IO e=AO 2/AO 3。
In the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, on the basis of the total amount of the C element determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, The content of the C element (that is, graphite mould carbon) determined by the peak within the scope of 284.7-284.9eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy can be with For 20 weight % or more, preferably 40 weight % or more, more preferably 50 weight % or more, further preferably 70 weight % with On.The content of the C element (that is, graphite mould carbon) determined by the peak within the scope of 284.7-284.9eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy can 95 weight % are thought hereinafter, preferably 90 weight % or less.By within the scope of 286.0-288.8eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The total content for the C element that peak determines can be 5 weight % or more, preferably 10 weight % or more.By in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The total content for the C element that peak within the scope of 286.0-288.8eV determines can be 80 weight % hereinafter, preferably 60 weight % with Under, more preferably 50 weight % are hereinafter, further preferably 30 weight % or less.
In the present invention, by the area A of the C1s spectral peaks in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopyC 1The total amount for determining C element, by X-ray C1s spectral peaks in photoelectron spectroscopy are divided into two groups of peaks, i.e., the spectral peak within the scope of 284.7-284.9eV (corresponds to graphite mould carbon Species) and spectral peak (correspond to non-graphite type carbon species) within the scope of 286.0-288.8eV, it will be in 284.7-284.9eV The area of spectral peak in range is denoted as AC 2, the area of the spectral peak within the scope of 286.0-288.8eV is denoted as AC 3, by X-ray light Content=the A for the C element that peak in electron spectrum within the scope of 284.7-284.9eV determinesC 2/AC 1, by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Total content=the A for the C element that peak within the scope of middle 286.0-288.8eV determinesC 3/AC 1。
It is true by the peak within the scope of 288.6-288.8eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom The amount of fixed C element is IC c, the amount of the C element determined by the peak within the scope of 286.0-286.2eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is IC e, IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.2-1.
When the content of N element is less than 0.1 weight % in the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, IC c/IC eIt is preferred that In the range of 0.3-0.9, more preferably in the range of 0.35-0.8, further preferably in the range of 0.5-0.7.Contain described When the content of N element is 0.1 weight % or more in hetero atom nano-carbon material, IC c/IC eIt is preferred that in the range of 0.3-0.98, More preferably in the range of 0.45-0.95.
In the present invention, the spectral peak in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy within the scope of 286.0-288.8eV (is corresponded into non-graphite Carbon species) be further divided into two groups of peaks, i.e., the spectral peak within the scope of 286.0-286.2eV (corresponds to hydroxyl and ether type carbon object Kind) and spectral peak (correspond to carboxyl, acid anhydride and ester type carbon species) within the scope of 288.6-288.8eV, it will be in 286.0- The area of spectral peak within the scope of 286.2eV is denoted as AC 4, the area of the spectral peak within the scope of 288.6-288.8eV is denoted as AC 5, IC c/IC e=AC 5/AC 4。
When the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom also contains N element, determine that this contains hetero atom by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The total amount of N element in nano-carbon material is IN t, determined by the peak within the scope of 398.5-400.1eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy N element amount be IN c, IN c/IN tIn the range of 0.7-1, preferably in the range of 0.8-0.95.It is according to the present invention containing miscellaneous Atom nano-carbon material, the N element determined by the peak within the scope of 400.6-401.5eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is (that is, graphite Type nitrogen) content is relatively low or even is free of.Usually, in nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to the present invention, by x-ray photoelectron energy The amount for the N element that peak in spectrum within the scope of 400.6-401.5eV determines is IN g, IN g/IN tTo be not higher than 0.3, generally in 0.05- In the range of 0.2.
In the present invention, the total amount A of N element is determined by the area of the N1s spectral peaks in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopyN 1, by X-ray N1s spectral peaks in photoelectron spectroscopy are divided into two groups of peaks, i.e., the spectral peak within the scope of 400.6-401.5eV (corresponds to graphite mould nitrogen Species) and 398.5-400.1eV within the scope of spectral peak (nitrogen species in addition to graphite mould nitrogen), determine this respective face in two groups of peaks Product, A is denoted as by the area of the spectral peak within the scope of 400.6-401.5eVN 2, by the spectral peak within the scope of 398.5-400.1eV Area is denoted as AN 3, IN c/IN t=AN 3/AN 1, IN g/IN t=AN 2/AN 1, when obtained ratio is 0.01 or less, it is believed that be free of such Species, and the content of such species is denoted as 0.
In the present invention, the combination corresponding to the summit of the position at each peak by the peak can determine that range determines by mentioned earlier Peak refer to peak that combination corresponding to summit can be within that range, may include a peak in the range, can also wrap Include more than two peaks.Such as：Peak within the scope of 398.5-400.1eV, which refers to the combination corresponding to summit, can be in 398.5- Whole peaks in the range of 400.1eV.
In a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, on the basis of the total amount of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, O The content of element is 2-6 weight %, preferably 4-5.8 weight %, more preferably 4.5-5.5 weight %；The content of N element is 0.2-1.8 weight %, preferably 0.8-1.6 weight %, more preferably 1-1.5 weight %；The content of C element is 92.2-97.8 Weight %, preferably 92.6-95.2 weight %, more preferably 93-94.5 weight %.IO c/IO eIt is preferred that in the range of 0.3-0.8 It is interior, more preferably in the range of 0.35-0.8, further preferably in the range of 0.55-0.78.By in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of 284.7-284.9eV determines is preferably 70-90 weight %, more preferably 75-85 weights Measure %.IC c/IC eIt is preferred that in the range of 0.3-0.9, more preferably in the range of 0.4-0.7, further preferably in 0.45-0.6 In the range of.IN c/IN tIt is preferred that in the range of 0.7-0.98, more preferably in the range of 0.75-0.96, further preferably exist In the range of 0.8-0.95.Butane is particularly suitable as (as just according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of the preferred embodiment Butane) dehydrogenation reaction catalyst, especially to alkene especially butadiene have higher selectivity.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, using the total amount of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom as base The content of standard, O elements is 2-6 weight %, preferably 3-5.5 weight %, more preferably 3.5-5 weight %；The content of N element is 0.3-2 weight %, preferably 0.4-1.8 weight %, more preferably 0.5-1.5 weight %；The content of C element is 92-97.7 weights Measure %, preferably 92.7-96.6 weight %, more preferably 93.5-96 weight %.IO c/IO eIt is preferred that in the range of 0.3-0.8, More preferably in the range of 0.4-0.78, further preferably in the range of 0.45-0.75.By in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of 284.7-284.9eV determines is preferably 70-90 weight %, more preferably 70-85 weights Measure %.IC c/IC eIt is preferred that in the range of 0.3-0.9, more preferably in the range of 0.4-0.8, further preferably in 0.45-0.6 In the range of.IN c/IN tIt is preferred that in the range of 0.7-0.95, more preferably in the range of 0.7-0.9, further preferably exist In the range of 0.8-0.9.It is particularly suitable as propane (such as positive third according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of the preferred embodiment Alkane) dehydrogenation reaction catalyst, especially to C3Alkene has higher selectivity.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, using the total amount of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom as base The content of standard, O elements is 3-6 weight %, preferably 4-5.8 weight %, more preferable 4.5-5.5 weight %；The content of N element is 0.5-2 weight %, preferably 1-2 weight %, more preferably 1.2-1.8 weight %；The content of C element is 92-96.5 weight %, Preferably 92.2-95 weight %, more preferably 92.7-94.3 weight %.IO c/IO eIt is preferred that in the range of 0.3-0.8, it is more excellent It is selected in the range of 0.4-0.75, further preferably in the range of 0.6-0.7.By 284.7- in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of 284.9eV determines is preferably 70-80 weight %, more preferably 75-80 weight %.IC c/ IC eIt is preferred that in the range of 0.4-0.98, more preferably in the range of 0.7-0.98, further preferably in the range of 0.85-0.95 It is interior.IN c/IN tIt is preferred that in the range of 0.7-0.95, more preferably in the range of 0.75-0.9, further preferably in 0.8-0.85 In the range of.It is particularly suitable as urging for vinylbenzene dehydrogenation reaction according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of the preferred embodiment Agent especially has higher selectivity to styrene.
The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom can exist with common various forms, be specifically as follows but be not limited to containing miscellaneous Atom carbon nanotube, graphene containing hetero atom, thin layer graphite containing hetero atom, nano carbon particle containing hetero atom, nanometer containing hetero atom The combination of one or more of carbon fiber, Nano diamond containing hetero atom and doped fullerene.It is described to contain miscellaneous original The carbon nanotube of son can be that single-walled carbon nanotube containing hetero atom, double-walled carbon nano-tube containing hetero atom and the carbon of multi wall containing hetero atom are received The combination of one or more of mitron.It is more preferably to contain hetero atom for nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to the present invention Wall carbon nano tube.
From the angle for further increasing feed stock conversion and selectivity of product, the multi-walled carbon nanotube containing hetero atom Specific surface area be preferably 50-500m2/ g, more preferably 80-300m2/ g, further preferably 100-200m2/g.The present invention In, specific surface area is measured by nitrogen adsorption BET method.
Weight-loss ratio of the multi-walled carbon nanotube containing hetero atom in 400-800 DEG C of temperature range is w800, in 400- Weight-loss ratio in 500 DEG C of temperature range is w500, w500/w800It is preferred that in the range of 0.01-0.5, can obtain so more preferable Catalytic effect.It is highly preferred that weight-loss ratio of the multi-walled carbon nanotube containing hetero atom in 400-800 DEG C of temperature range is w800, the weight-loss ratio in 400-500 DEG C of temperature range is w500, w500/w800More preferably in the range of 0.02-0.2.This hair In bright, w800=W800- W400, w500=W500- W400, W400For the mass loss rate measured at a temperature of 400 DEG C, W800For The mass loss rate measured at a temperature of 800 DEG C, W500For the mass loss rate measured at a temperature of 500 DEG C；The weight-loss ratio It is measured in air atmosphere using thermogravimetric analyzer, test initial temperature is 25 DEG C, and heating rate is 10 DEG C/min；Sample is being surveyed It is 3 hours dry in helium atmosphere in 150 DEG C of temperature and the pressure of 1 normal atmosphere before examination.
In a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is preferably more containing hetero atom Wall carbon nano tube, which is preferably 50-500m2/ g, more preferably 80-300m2/ G, further preferably 100-200m2/g；And w500/w800It is preferred that in the range of 0.01-0.5, more preferably in 0.02-0.2 In the range of.
In the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, to oxygen atom and nitrogen-atoms outside other nonmetallic heteroatoms, such as sulphur Atom and phosphorus atoms, content can be customary amount.Usually, it in nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to the present invention, removes The total amount of other nonmetallic heteroatoms (such as sulphur atom and phosphorus atoms) outside oxygen atom and nitrogen-atoms can be 0.5 weight % with Under, preferably 0.2 weight % or less.Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to the present invention can be in addition to aforesaid metal elements Containing other metallic atoms, other metallic atoms for example can be from the catalysis used when preparing nano-carbon material Agent.The content of other metallic atoms is generally 0.5 weight % hereinafter, preferably 0.2 weight % is hereinafter, further preferably 0.1 weight % or less.
According to the second aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom： A kind of aqueous dispersions being dispersed with raw material nano carbon material are reacted in closed container, the aqueous dispersions with or without Organic base.
Decentralized medium in the aqueous dispersions can be water, or the aqueous solution containing at least one organic base.
When the decentralized medium of the aqueous dispersions is water, raw material nano carbon material can be efficiently controlled and/or improved In oxygen atom content, using the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom that finally prepares as the catalyst of hydrocarbon such as butane dehydrogenation reaction, energy Effectively improve catalytic performance.From further increasing the urging as hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom finally prepared The angle of catalytic activity when agent is set out, raw material nano carbon material：H2The weight ratio of O is preferably 1：In the range of 2-200, more It is preferred that 1：In the range of 5-100, further preferably 1：In the range of 10-50.Furthermore it is also possible to according to the type of organic base The dosage of water is adjusted, so that the organic base can be uniformly dispersed in subject in water.
In the organic base that the decentralized medium of the aqueous dispersions contains water and is dissolved in the water, contained with what is finally prepared Catalyst of the hetero atom nano-carbon material as hydrocarbon such as butane dehydrogenation reaction, can obtain the catalytic performance further increased.From into The angle of catalytic performance when one step improves the catalyst of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom that finally prepares as hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction It sets out, raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is preferably 1：In the range of 0.05-20, more preferably 1：0.1-10's In range, further preferably in the range of 0.5-5.
The organic base is selected from amine and quaternary ammonium base.
The quaternary ammonium base is specifically as follows Formulas I compound represented：
In Formulas I, R1、R2、R3And R4Can be respectively C1-C20Alkyl (including C1-C20Straight chained alkyl and C3-C20Branch Alkyl group) or C6-C12Aryl.The C1-C20The specific example of alkyl can include but is not limited to：Methyl, ethyl, just Propyl, isopropyl, normal-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl group, tertiary butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, tertiary pentyl, n-hexyl, just Octyl, n-nonyl, positive decyl, n-undecane base, dodecyl, n-tridecane base, n-tetradecane base, n-pentadecane base, just It is one or more in cetyl, n-octadecane base and n-eicosane base.The C6-C12The specific example of aryl can wrap Include but be not limited to phenyl, naphthalene, aminomethyl phenyl and ethylphenyl.Preferably, R1、R2、R3And R4Respectively C1-C10Alkyl (packet Include C1-C10Straight chained alkyl and C3-C10Branched alkyl).It is further preferred that R1、R2、R3And R4Respectively C1-C6Alkyl (including C1-C6Straight chained alkyl and C3-C6Branched alkyl).
The amine refer to the one, two or three hydrogen in amino molecule replaced by organic group and the substance that is formed, it is described Organic group can form cyclic structure with nitrogen atom bonding.The organic group can be substitution (such as hydroxyl substitution) or not take The aliphatic alkyl in generation and/or substitution (such as hydroxyl substitution) or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbyl, the aliphatic alkyl can be Replace (such as hydroxyl substitution) or unsubstituted representative examples of saturated aliphatic chain alkylene, substitution (such as hydroxyl substitution) or unsubstituted unsaturated lipid Fat race chain alkylene, substitution (such as hydroxyl substitution) or unsubstituted saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon base and substitution (such as hydroxyl substitution) do not take One or more of the unsaturated lipid cyclic hydrocarbon radical in generation.Specifically, the amine can be substitution (such as hydroxyl substitution) or not Substituted representative examples of saturated aliphatic amine, substitution (such as hydroxyl substitution) or unsubstituted unsaturated aliphatic amine, substitution (such as hydroxyl substitution) Or unsubstituted saturation aliphatic cyclic amine, substitution (such as hydroxyl substitution) or unsubstituted unsaturated lipid cyclammonium, substitution (such as hydroxyl substitution) Or unsubstituted heterocyclic amine and substitution one or more of (such as hydroxyl substitution) or unsubstituted arylamine.
The unsaturated aliphatic amine refers to the aliphatic streptamine containing unsaturated group, the unsaturation in molecular structure Group is preferably alkenyl (that is,-C=C-).The quantity of the unsaturated group and amino respectively can be one or two with On, it is not particularly limited.
According to the method for the present invention, the specific example of the organic base can include but is not limited to methylamine, dimethylamine, front three Amine, ethamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, n-propylamine, di-n-propylamine, Tri-n-Propylamine, isopropylamine, diisopropylamine, n-butylamine, two are just Butylamine, tri-n-butyl amine, sec-butylamine, diisobutyl amine, triisobutyl amine, tert-butylamine, n-amylamine, two n-amylamines, three N-amylamine, neopentyl amine, iso-amylamine, di-iso-amylamine, triisoamylamine, tertiary amylamine, n-hexylamine, n-octyl amine, positive nonyl amine, n-Decylamine, just Undecyl amine, dodecyl amine, dodecyl-dimethyl amine, n-tridecane base amine, n-tetradecane base amine, n-pentadecane base Amine, n-hexadecyl amine, monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, diethanol amine, two n-propanolamines, three n-propanolamines, Two n-butanol amine, three n-butanol amine, dodecyl-dimethyl amine, tetradecyldimethylamine, hexadecyldimethyl benzyl ammonium amine, second two Amine, propane diamine, butanediamine, pentanediamine, hexamethylene diamine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrroles, substituted or unsubstituted nafoxidine, substitution Or unsubstituted pyridine, substituted or unsubstituted hexahydropyridine, substituted or unsubstituted imidazoles, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazoles, Substituted or unsubstituted quinoline, substituted or unsubstituted dihydroquinoline, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydroquinoline, substitution or unsubstituted Decahydroquinoline, substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolin, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidine, aniline, diphenylamines, benzidine, adjacent benzene two Amine, m-phenylene diamine (MPD), p-phenylenediamine, o-toluidine, m-toluidine, open-chain crown ether, 23 dimethyl aniline, 2,4- diformazans Base aniline, 2,5- dimethylanilines, 2,6- dimethylanilines, 3,4- dimethylanilines, 3,5- dimethylanilines, 2,4,6- front threes Base aniline, o ethyl aniline, N- butylanilines, 2,6- diethylanilines, cyclohexylamine, cyclopentamine, hexamethylenetetramine, divinyl Triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (including its various isomery Body, such as four n-propyl ammonium hydroxide and tetra isopropyl ammonium hydroxide), tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (including its various isomers, such as four N-butylammonium hydroxide, four sec-butyl ammonium hydroxide, four isobutyl group ammonium hydroxide and tetra-tert ammonium hydroxide) and four pentyl hydrogen One or more of amine-oxides (including its various isomers).
According to the method for the present invention, the amine be preferably Formula II compound represented, formula III compound represented and General formula R12(NH2)2One or more of substance of expression,
In Formula II, R5、R6And R7Respectively H, C1-C6Alkyl or C6-C12Aryl, and R5、R6And R7It is asynchronously H. In the present invention, C1-C6The specific example of alkyl can include but is not limited to：Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, normal-butyl, Sec-butyl, isobutyl group, tertiary butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, tertiary pentyl, neopentyl and n-hexyl.In the present invention, C6-C12Aryl Specific example include but not limited to phenyl, naphthalene, aminomethyl phenyl and ethylphenyl.
In formula III, R8、R9And R10Respectively-R11OH or hydrogen, and R8、R9And R10At least one of be-R11OH, R11 For C1-C4Alkylidene.In the present invention, C1-C4Alkylidene include C1-C4Straight-chain alkyl-sub and C3-C4Branched alkylidene, Its specific example can include but is not limited to：Methylene, ethylidene, sub- n-propyl, isopropylidene, sub- normal-butyl, isobutylidene With sub- tertiary butyl.
General formula R12(NH2)2In, R12Can be C1-C6Alkylidene or C6-C12Arlydene.In the present invention, C1-C6's Alkylidene includes C1-C6Straight-chain alkyl-sub and C3-C6Branched alkylidene, specific example can include but is not limited to：Methylene Base, ethylidene, sub- n-propyl, isopropylidene, sub- normal-butyl, isobutylidene, sub- tertiary butyl, sub- n-pentyl and sub- n-hexyl.This In invention, C6-C12The specific example of arlydene include but not limited to phenylene and naphthylene.
The condition of the reaction is subject to the content for being enough to improve oxygen atom and nitrogen-atoms in raw material nano carbon material.It is excellent Selection of land, in reaction process, the temperature of the aqueous dispersions is in the range of 80-220 DEG C.It is in the temperature of the aqueous dispersions When within above range, the oxygen atom and/or nitrogen atom content in raw material nano carbon material can not only be effectively improved, and not The structural form generation of raw material nano carbon material can be significantly affected.It is highly preferred that in reaction process, the temperature of the aqueous dispersions Degree is in the range of 120-180 DEG C.
The duration of the reaction can be selected according to the temperature of reaction, with can be in raw material nano carbon material It introduces subject to enough oxygen atom and/or nitrogen-atoms.Usually, the duration of the reaction can be in 0.5-96 hours models In enclosing, preferably in the range of 2-72 hours, more preferably in the range of 20-50 hours.
In a preferred embodiment, the organic base is quaternary ammonium base, preferably tetramethyl hydroxide shown in Formulas I One or both of ammonium, tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and four pentyl ammonium hydroxide More than, the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom thus prepared is particularly suitable as the catalyst of butane dehydrogenation reaction, can obtain higher Butadiene selective.In the preferred embodiment, raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is preferably 1：0.1- Within the scope of 10, more preferably in the range of 0.5-5.In the preferred embodiment, in reaction process, aqueous dispersions Temperature is preferably in the range of 90-210 DEG C, more preferably in the range of 140-180 DEG C.
In another preferred embodiment, the organic base is ethanol amine, preferably an ethyl alcohol shown in formula III Amine, diethanol amine and triethanolamine are one or more kinds of, and the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom thus prepared is particularly suitable as The catalyst of dehydrogenating propane reaction, thus, it is possible to obtain higher Propylene Selectivity.In the preferred embodiment, raw material is received Rice carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is preferably 1：Within the scope of 0.2-10, more preferably 1：In the range of 1-5.It reacted Cheng Zhong, the temperature of aqueous dispersions is preferably in the range of 90-160 DEG C, more preferably in the range of 120-150 DEG C.
In another preferred embodiment, the organic base is general formula R12(NH2)2The substance of expression, preferably second One or more of diamines, propane diamine, butanediamine, pentanediamine and hexamethylene diamine, the nano-sized carbon containing hetero atom thus prepared Material is particularly suitable as the catalyst of vinylbenzene dehydrogenation reaction, and thus, it is possible to obtain higher selectivity of styrene.It is excellent at this In the embodiment of choosing, raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is preferably 1：Within the scope of 0.2-10, more preferably exist 1：In the range of 1-5.In reaction process, the temperature of aqueous dispersions is preferably in the range of 100-200 DEG C, more preferably in 120- In the range of 150 DEG C.
Common various methods may be used to form the aqueous dispersions, such as raw material nano carbon material can be disperseed In water (preferably deionized water), it is then optionally added into the organic base, to obtain the aqueous dispersions.In order to further The dispersion effect for improving raw material nano carbon material, while shortening the time of dispersion, and the method for sonic oscillation may be used by raw material Nano-carbon material is dispersed in water.The condition of the sonic oscillation can be conventional selection, usually, the frequency of the sonic oscillation Rate can be 10-100kHz, and the duration of preferably 40-80kHz, the sonic oscillation can be 0.1-6 hours, preferably 0.5-2 hours.According to the method for the present invention, the organic base provides preferably in the form of solution (preferred aqueous solutions).
The content of O elements and N element is not particularly limited in the raw material nano carbon material, can be conventional selection.One As, the content of O elements is not higher than 1.2 weight %, preferably not higher than 0.5 weight % in the raw material nano carbon material；N The content of element is less than 0.1 weight %, preferably not higher than 0.08 weight %, more preferably not above 0.05 weight %.Institute State the total of oxygen atom and remaining nonmetallic heteroatoms (such as phosphorus atoms and sulphur atom) outside nitrogen-atoms in raw material nano carbon material It can be customary amount to measure (based on the element).Usually, its in the raw material nano carbon material outside oxygen atom and nitrogen-atoms The total amount of remaining nonmetallic heteroatoms is not higher than 0.5 weight %, preferably not higher than 0.2 weight % more preferably not above 0.1 Weight % is further preferably not higher than 0.05 weight %.The raw material nano carbon material can also contain according to the difference in source There are some metallic elements, such as the metallic element in the catalyst used when preparing raw material nano carbon material.The original Expect the content (based on the element) of metallic element in nano-carbon material generally in 2.5 weight % hereinafter, it is preferred that 2 weight % are hereinafter, more Preferably 1 weight % is hereinafter, further preferably 0.5 weight % or less.
According to the method for the present invention, method commonly used in the art may be used before use and carry out in advance for raw material nano carbon material Processing (as washed), to remove some impurity of raw material nano carbon material surface；It can not also be pre-processed, directly be used, In embodiment disclosed by the invention, raw material nano carbon material is not pre-processed before.
The preparation method of the nano-carbon material according to the present invention containing hetero atom, can be to the nano carbon material of various existing forms Material is handled, to improve the oxygen atom and/or nitrogen atom content in the nano-carbon material.The raw material nano carbon material can be with For but be not limited in carbon nanotube, graphene, Nano diamond, thin layer graphite, nano carbon particle, Nano carbon fibers peacekeeping fullerene A combination of one or more.The carbon nanotube can be that single-walled carbon nanotube, double-walled carbon nano-tube and multi wall carbon are received The combination of one or more of mitron.Preferably, the raw material nano carbon material is carbon nanotube, more preferably multi wall Carbon nanotube.
The preparation method of the nano-carbon material according to the present invention containing hetero atom, it is in a preferred embodiment, described Raw material nano carbon material is multi-walled carbon nanotube, and the specific surface area of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 20-500m2/ g, preferably 50- 400m2/ g, more preferably 90-300m2/ g, further preferably 100-200m2/g.In the ratio table of the multi-wall carbon nano-tube material When area is within above range, finally obtained nano-carbon material containing hetero atom has better catalytic activity.
The preparation method of the nano-carbon material according to the present invention containing hetero atom is multi wall carbon in the raw material nano carbon material When nanotube, weight-loss ratio of the multi-walled carbon nanotube in 400-800 DEG C of temperature range is w800, in 400-500 DEG C of temperature The weight-loss ratio spent in section is w500, w500/w800It is preferred that in the range of 0.01-0.5, more preferably in the range of 0.02-0.2. Thus the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared shows better catalytic effect.
In a kind of more preferably embodiment of the present invention, the raw material nano carbon material is multi-walled carbon nanotube, The specific surface area of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 20-500m2/ g, preferably 50-400m2/ g, more preferably 90-300m2/ g, into One step is preferably 100-200m2/g；Weight-loss ratio of the multi-walled carbon nanotube in 400-800 DEG C of temperature range is w800, Weight-loss ratio in 400-500 DEG C of temperature range is w500, w500/w800It is preferred that in the range of 0.01-0.5, more preferably exist In the range of 0.02-0.2.
The reaction carries out in closed container.The reaction can be under self-generated pressure (that is, not applying pressure additionally) It carries out, can also carry out under pressure.Preferably, the reaction carries out at autogenous pressures.The closed container can Think the common reactor that can realize sealing and heating, such as autoclave.
The preparation method of the nano-carbon material according to the present invention containing hetero atom can also include from mixture obtained by the reaction In isolate solid matter, and the solid matter isolated is dried, to obtain the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom.
Common solid-liquid separating method may be used and isolate solid matter from mixture obtained by the reaction, such as centrifugation, Filtering and decantation one or more of combination.
The condition of the drying can be conventional selection, be can remove the volatile materials in the solid matter isolated It is accurate.Usually, the drying can carry out at a temperature of 50-200 DEG C, preferably be carried out at a temperature of 80-180 DEG C, more excellent It is carried out at a temperature of being selected in 100-150 DEG C.The duration of the drying can be selected according to dry temperature and mode. Usually, the duration of the drying can be 0.5-48 hours, preferably 3-24 hours, more preferably 5-12 hours.Institute Stating drying can carry out under normal pressure (1 standard atmospheric pressure), can also carry out at reduced pressure.From further increasing drying The angle of efficiency set out, the drying preferably carries out at reduced pressure.
The preparation method of the nano-carbon material according to the present invention containing hetero atom, can effectively improve in raw material nano carbon material Oxygen atom and/or nitrogen atom content, while will not to the structural form of raw material nano carbon material generate significantly affect.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides prepared by a kind of method by the present invention to be received containing hetero atom Rice carbon material.
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, this contains hetero atom Nano-carbon material is will be according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of the first aspect of the present invention or according to third of the present invention side Prepared by nano-carbon material containing hetero atom in face is roasted.
The roasting can carry out under normal conditions.Usually, the roasting can at a temperature of 250-500 DEG C into Row, preferably carries out at a temperature of 300-480 DEG C, is more preferably carried out at a temperature of 350-450 DEG C.The roasting it is lasting when Between can be selected according to the temperature of roasting.Usually, the duration of the roasting can be 1-24 hours, preferably 2- 12 hours, more preferably 2-8 hours.The roasting can carry out in oxygen-containing atmosphere, can also carry out in an inert atmosphere.Institute It can be air atmosphere to state oxygen-containing atmosphere；Can also be the mixed atmosphere that oxygen is mixed to form with inert gas, the gaseous mixture In atmosphere, the content of oxygen can be 0.1-22 volumes %.The inert atmosphere is such as by rare gas (such as argon gas and/or helium) shape At atmosphere.Angularly consider from convenience and cost, it is preferable that it is described roasting in oxygen-containing atmosphere (such as air atmosphere) into Row.
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to the present invention or the nano-sized carbon containing hetero atom prepared by the method for the present invention Material has good catalytic performance, and higher catalytic activity is especially shown in hydrocarbons dehydrogenation reaction.
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to the present invention or the nano-sized carbon containing hetero atom prepared by the method for the present invention Material can be directly used as catalyst, can also be used in the form of preformed catalyst.The preformed catalyst can contain root Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom and glue prepared by the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to the present invention or the method by the present invention Tie agent.The binder can be selected according to the specifically used occasion of the preformed catalyst, disclosure satisfy that requirement Subject to, such as can be organic binder and/or inorganic binder.The organic binder can be common various polymer Type binder, the inorganic binder can be common various heat-resistant inorganic oxides, such as aluminium oxide and/or silica. The preformed catalyst is anti-to hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction (such as direct dehydrogenation reaction and oxidative dehydrogenation), particularly to oxidative dehydrogenation When should have the preformed catalyst of catalytic action, the binder is preferably inorganic binder.In the preformed catalyst, containing miscellaneous The content of atom nano-carbon material can be selected according to specifically used requirement, be not particularly limited, usually, with it is described at On the basis of the total amount of type catalyst, the content of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom can be 5-95 weight %.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the nanometers containing hetero atom according to the first aspect of the present invention Carbon material, according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of third aspect of the present invention or containing according to the 4th aspect of the present invention Application of the hetero atom nano-carbon material as the catalyst of hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction.
Application according to the present invention, the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom are used directly for hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction, can also Hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction is used for after molding.The dehydrogenation reaction can carry out in the presence of oxygen, can not also in the presence of oxygen into Row.Preferably, the dehydrogenation reaction carries out in the presence of oxygen, can obtain better catalytic effect in this way.
According to the sixth aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction method, this method, which is included in, deposits Under conditions of oxygen, under hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction conditions, hydrocarbon is contained into miscellaneous original with according to the first aspect of the present invention Sub- nano-carbon material, according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of third aspect of the present invention or according to the 4th side of the invention The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom in face contacts.
Hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction method according to the present invention, the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom can be directly used as catalyst, It can also be used in the form of preformed catalyst.The preformed catalyst can contain nano-sized carbon containing hetero atom according to the present invention Material or the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom and binder prepared by the method for the present invention.The binder can be according to this The specifically used occasion of preformed catalyst is selected, and is subject to and be disclosure satisfy that requirement, such as can be organic binder And/or inorganic binder.The organic binder can be common various polymer-type binders, and the inorganic binder can Common various heat-resistant inorganic oxides are thought, such as aluminium oxide and/or silica.It is anti-to hydrocarbon dehydrogenation in the preformed catalyst It answers (such as direct dehydrogenation reaction and oxidative dehydrogenation), particularly there is the preformed catalyst of catalytic action to oxidative dehydrogenation When, the binder is preferably inorganic binder.In the preformed catalyst, the content of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom can root It is selected, is not particularly limited according to specifically used requirement, it is usually, described on the basis of the total amount of the preformed catalyst The content of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom can be 5-95 weight %.
Hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction method according to the present invention can carry out dehydrogenation to a plurality of types of hydrocarbon, to obtain unsaturation Hydrocarbon, such as alkene.According to the method for the present invention particularly suitable for carrying out dehydrogenation to alkane, to obtain alkene.The hydrocarbon is preferably alkane Hydrocarbon, such as C2-C12Alkane.Specifically, the hydrocarbon can be but be not limited to ethane, propane, normal butane, iso-butane, pentane, different Pentane, neopentane, pentamethylene, n-hexane, 2- methylpentanes, 3- methylpentanes, 2,3- dimethylbutanes, hexamethylene, methyl ring Pentane, normal heptane, 2- methyl hexanes, 3- methyl hexanes, 2- ethylpentanes, 3- ethylpentanes, 2,3- dimethyl pentanes, 2,4- bis- Methylpentane, normal octane, 2- methyl heptanes, 3- methyl heptanes, 4- methyl heptanes, 2,3- dimethylhexanes, 2,4- dimethyl oneself Alkane, 2,5- dimethylhexanes, 3- ethyl hexanes, 2,2,3- trimethylpentanes, 2,3,3- trimethylpentanes, 2,4,4- trimethyls penta Alkane, 2- methyl -3- ethylpentanes, n -nonane, 2- methyloctanes, 3- methyloctanes, 4- methyloctanes, 2,3- dimethyl heptanes, 2,4- dimethyl heptanes, 3- ethyl heptanes, 4- ethyl heptanes, 2,3,4- trimethyl cyclohexanes, 2,3,5- trimethyl cyclohexanes, 2,4,5- Trimethyl cyclohexane, 2,2,3- trimethyl cyclohexanes, 2,2,4- trimethyl cyclohexanes, 2,2,5- trimethyl cyclohexanes, 2,3,3- trimethyls oneself Alkane, 2,4,4- trimethyl cyclohexanes, 2- methyl -3- ethyl hexanes, 2- methyl -4- ethyl hexanes, 3- methyl -3- ethyl hexanes, 3- Methyl -4- ethyl hexanes, 3,3- diethylpentanes, 1- methyl -2- ethyl cyclohexanes, 1- methyl -3- ethyl cyclohexanes, 1- first (including trimethyl-cyclohexane is various for base -4- ethyl cyclohexanes, n-propyl hexamethylene, isopropyl cyclohexane, trimethyl-cyclohexane Isomers, such as 1,2,3- trimethyl-cyclohexanes, 1,2,4- trimethyl-cyclohexanes, 1,2,5- trimethyl-cyclohexanes, 1,3,5- front threes Butylcyclohexane), n-decane, 2- methylnonanes, 3- methylnonanes, 4- methylnonanes, 5- methylnonanes, 2,3- dimethyl octane, 2,4- dimethyl octane, 3- ethyls octane, 4- ethyls octane, 2,3,4- trimethylheptanes, 2,3,5- trimethylheptanes, 2,3,6- Trimethylheptane, 2,4,5- trimethylheptanes, 2,4,6- trimethylheptanes, 2,2,3- trimethylheptanes, 2,2,4- trimethyls heptan Alkane, 2,2,5- trimethylheptanes, 2,2,6- trimethylheptanes, 2,3,3- trimethylheptanes, 2,4,4- trimethylheptanes, 2- first Base -3- ethyl heptanes, 2- methyl -4- ethyl heptanes, 2- methyl -5- ethyl heptanes, 3- methyl -3- ethyl heptanes, 4- methyl -3- Ethyl heptane, 5- methyl -3- ethyl heptanes, 4- methyl -4- ethyl heptanes, 4- propyl heptane, 3,3- diethylhexanes, 3,4- bis- Ethyl hexane, 2- methyl -3,3- diethylpentanes, vinylbenzene, 1- phenyl-propanes, 2- phenyl-propanes, 1- phenyl butanes, 2- phenyl The combination of one or more of butane, 1- phenyl pentanes, 2- phenyl pentanes and 3- phenyl pentanes.The hydrocarbon is more preferably One or more of propane, normal butane, iso-butane and vinylbenzene.
Hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction method according to the present invention, the reaction can carry out under conditions of there are oxygen (that is, containing The raw material of hydrocarbon also contains oxygen), can also under conditions of there is no oxygen (that is, the raw material containing hydrocarbon do not contain oxygen) into Row.Preferably, hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction method according to the present invention, carries out under conditions of there are oxygen.Exist in the method for the present invention When there are being carried out under conditions of oxygen, the dosage of oxygen can be conventional selection.Usually, the molar ratio of hydrocarbon and oxygen can be 0.01-100：1, preferably 0.1-10：1, more preferably 0.2-5：1, most preferably 0.3-2：1.
Hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction method according to the present invention, can by carrier gas by hydrocarbon and optional oxygen be sent into reactor with The haptoreaction of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, at this point, the raw material containing hydrocarbon can also contain carrier gas.The carrier gas can be common The gas that at reaction conditions chemical interaction will not occurs with reactant and reaction product and will not decompose, Such as the combination of one or more of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, rare gas and vapor.The dosage of the carrier gas can be Conventional selection.Usually, on the basis of the total amount of the raw material, the content of carrier gas can be 30-99.5 volume %, preferably 50-99 volume %, more preferably 70-98 volumes %.
Hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction method according to the present invention, the raw material containing hydrocarbon and optional oxygen and nano-sized carbon containing hetero atom The contact of material can carry out in fixed bed reactors, can also carry out, be not particularly limited in a fluidized bed reactor.It is excellent Selection of land, the contact carry out in fixed bed reactors.
Hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction method according to the present invention, the raw material containing hydrocarbon and optional oxygen and nano-sized carbon containing hetero atom The contact of material can carry out at conventional temperatures, be subject to and be enough to make hydrocarbon that dehydrogenation reaction occurs.Usually, the contact can be with It carries out at a temperature of 200-650 DEG C, is preferably carried out at a temperature of 300-600 DEG C, more preferably at a temperature of 350-500 DEG C It carries out.The contact can carry out under the pressure of 0-10MPa, preferably carry out under the pressure of 0.01-6MPa, more preferably exist It carries out under the pressure of 0.02-3MPa, is further preferably carried out under the pressure of 0.05-1.5MPa.In the present invention, pressure is table Pressure.
The duration of the contact can be selected according to the temperature of contact.Specifically, in dehydrogenation reaction in fixation When being carried out in bed reactor, the duration of contact can be indicated with volume space velocity when the gas of raw material.Usually, the gas of raw material When volume space velocity can be 0.1-10000h-1, preferably 1-6000h-1, more preferably 5-4000h-1, further preferably 10- 1000h-1, such as 100-500h-1。
Dehydrogenation reaction method according to the present invention can carry out reaction condition according to the type for the hydrocarbon for carrying out dehydrogenation excellent Change, to obtain better reaction effect.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments, but the range being not intended to limit the present invention.
In following embodiment and comparative example, outfit of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis in Thermo Scientific companies It is tested on the ESCALab250 type x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies for having Thermo Avantage V5.926 softwares, excitaton source For monochromatization Al K α X-rays, energy 1486.6eV, power 150W, penetrating used in narrow scan can be 30eV, analysis test When base vacuum be 6.5 × 10-10Mbar, the peaks C1s (284.0eV) correction of electron binding energy simple substance carbon, in Thermo Data processing is carried out on Avantage softwares, and quantitative analysis is carried out using sensitivity factor method in analysis module.Sample is being surveyed It is 3 hours dry in helium atmosphere in 150 DEG C of temperature and the pressure of 1 normal atmosphere before examination.
In following embodiment and comparative example, thermogravimetric analysis carries out on TA5000 thermal analyzers, and test condition is air gas Atmosphere, heating rate are 10 DEG C/min, and temperature range is room temperature (25 DEG C) to 1000 DEG C.Sample is before testing in 150 DEG C of temperature It is 3 hours dry in helium atmosphere with the pressure of 1 normal atmosphere.Using the ASAP2000 types N of Micromertrics companies of the U.S.2 Physical adsorption appearance measurement the specific area.Raw material nano carbon material is analyzed using the high-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens of FEI Co. of U.S. production And the microscopic appearance of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom.
It prepares embodiment 1-47 and is used to prepare nano-carbon material containing hetero atom.
Prepare embodiment 1
(1) using 20g as multi-walled carbon nanotube (the specific surface area 136m of raw material nano carbon material2/ g, oxygen atom content For 0.3 weight %, nitrogen atom content is 0.02 weight %, and (phosphorus is former for remaining nonmetallic heteroatoms in addition to nitrogen-atoms and oxygen atom Son and sulphur atom) total content be 0.01 weight %, metallic atom total content be 0.2 weight %, in 400-800 DEG C of temperature range Interior weight-loss ratio is w800, the weight-loss ratio in 400-500 DEG C of temperature range is w500, w500/w800It is 0.12, is purchased from Chinese science Chengdu organic chemistry Co., Ltd of institute) it is dispersed in 300g deionized waters, to obtain aqueous dispersions, wherein be dispersed in ultrasound It is carried out under oscillating condition, sonic oscillation condition includes：Frequency is 40kHz, and the time is 2 hours.
(2) obtained aqueous dispersions are placed in the autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, in 140 DEG C of temperature Under, it reacts 48 hours at autogenous pressures.After reaction, it waits for that the temperature in autoclave is cooled to room temperature, opens reaction Reaction mixture is filtered and is washed, and collects solid matter by kettle.By the solid matter being collected into, in normal pressure, (1 standard is big Air pressure, similarly hereinafter), after 12 hours dry at a temperature of 120 DEG C, nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is obtained, this contains hetero atom nano-sized carbon Composition, specific surface area and the w of material500/w800It is listed in table 1.
Fig. 1 is the transmission electron microscope photo of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared, and Fig. 2 is the multi wall as raw material The transmission electron microscope photo of carbon nanotube.It can be seen that the microscopic pattern of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 Well, it is little to show that reaction process influences the structure of nano-carbon material.
Prepare comparative example 1
Aqueous dispersions identical with embodiment 1 is prepared are placed in the three-necked flask for being equipped with condenser pipe, three-necked flask is set It is in 140 DEG C of oil bath in temperature, under normal pressure back flow reaction 48 hours.After reaction, the temperature drop in three-necked flask is waited for To room temperature, reaction mixture is filtered and is washed, and collects solid matter.By the solid matter being collected into normal pressure, After being dried 6 hours at a temperature of 120 DEG C, nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is obtained.The group of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared At and property listed in table 1.
Prepare embodiment 2
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 1 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), The specific surface area of multi-walled carbon nanotube (be purchased from Shandong great Zhan nano materials Co., Ltd) as raw material nano carbon material is 251m2/ g, the weight-loss ratio in 400-800 DEG C of temperature range are w800, the weight-loss ratio in 400-500 DEG C of temperature range For w500, w500/w800Be 0.33, oxygen atom content is 0.62 weight %, and nitrogen atom content is 0.01 weight %, except nitrogen-atoms and The total content of remaining nonmetallic heteroatoms (phosphorus atoms and sulphur atom) outside oxygen atom is 0.01 weight %, metallic atom total content For 0.08 weight %.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are listed in table 1.
Prepare embodiment 3
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 1 is prepared, unlike, in step (2), Obtained aqueous dispersions are placed in the autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, at a temperature of 90 DEG C, in spontaneous pressure It is reacted 48 hours under power.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are listed in table 1.
Prepare embodiment 4
(1) using 20g as multi-walled carbon nanotube (the specific surface area 183m of raw material nano carbon material2/ g, oxygen atom content For 0.2 weight %, nitrogen atom content is 0.01 weight %, and (phosphorus is former for remaining nonmetallic heteroatoms in addition to nitrogen-atoms and oxygen atom Son and sulphur atom) total content be 0.04 weight %, metallic atom total content be 0.03 weight %, in 400-800 DEG C of temperature Weight-loss ratio in section is w800, the weight-loss ratio in 400-500 DEG C of temperature range is w500, w500/w800It is 0.07, in being purchased from Chengdu organic chemistry Co., Ltd of the academy of sciences of state) it is dispersed in 500g deionized waters, to obtain aqueous dispersions, wherein dispersion It is carried out under the conditions of sonic oscillation, sonic oscillation condition includes：Frequency is 80kHz, and the time is 0.5 hour.
(2) obtained aqueous dispersions are placed in the autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, in 180 DEG C of temperature Under, it reacts 24 hours at autogenous pressures.After reaction, it waits for that the temperature in autoclave is cooled to room temperature, opens reaction Reaction mixture is filtered and is washed, and collects solid matter by kettle.By the solid matter being collected into normal pressure, 120 DEG C At a temperature of after dry 12 hours, obtain nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, this contains the composition of hetero atom nano-carbon material and property exists It is listed in table 1.
Prepare comparative example 2
Aqueous dispersions identical with embodiment 4 is prepared are placed in the three-necked flask for being equipped with condenser pipe, three-necked flask is set It is in 100 DEG C of oil bath in temperature, under normal pressure back flow reaction 24 hours.After reaction, the temperature drop in three-necked flask is waited for To room temperature, reaction mixture is filtered and is washed, and collects solid matter.By the solid matter being collected into normal pressure, After being dried 6 hours at a temperature of 120 DEG C, nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is obtained.The group of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared At and property listed in table 1.
Prepare embodiment 5
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 4 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), The specific surface area of multi-walled carbon nanotube (be purchased from Shandong great Zhan nano materials Co., Ltd) as raw material nano carbon material is 103m2/ g, w500/w800Be 0.23, oxygen atom content be 1.1 weight %, nitrogen atom content be 0.03 weight %, denitrogenate with outside oxygen Remaining nonmetallic heteroatoms (p and s) total content be 0.01 weight %, metallic atom total content be 1.6 weight %.It prepares The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom composition and property listed in table 1.
Prepare embodiment 6
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 4 is prepared, unlike, in step (2), Obtained aqueous dispersions are placed in the autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, at a temperature of 210 DEG C, in spontaneous pressure It is reacted 24 hours under power.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are listed in table 1.
Prepare embodiment 7
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 1 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), After the dispersion in deionized water of raw material nano carbon material, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide is added (in the form of 25 weight % aqueous solutions There is provided), wherein press raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide is 1：0.75 ratio feeds intake.What is prepared contains The composition and property of hetero atom nano-carbon material are listed in table 2.Fig. 3 is the transmission electricity of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared Sub- microscope photo.From figure 3, it can be seen that the microscopic pattern of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is good, show reaction process to receiving The structure of rice carbon material influences little.
Prepare comparative example 3
Aqueous dispersions identical with embodiment 7 is prepared are placed in the three-necked flask for being equipped with condenser pipe, it will be in three-necked flask It is placed in the oil bath that temperature is 140 DEG C, under normal pressure back flow reaction 48 hours.After reaction, the temperature in three-necked flask is waited for It is cooled to room temperature, reaction mixture is filtered and is washed, and collects solid matter.By the solid matter being collected into normal Pressure, it is 6 hours dry at a temperature of 120 DEG C after, obtain nano-carbon material containing hetero atom.The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared Composition and property are listed in table 2.
Prepare comparative example 4
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 7 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), The HCl of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide equimolar amounts is replaced.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are in table 2 It lists.
Prepare comparative example 5
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 7 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), The NH of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide equimolar amounts4Cl is replaced.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are in table 2 In list.
Prepare comparative example 6
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 7 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), The 4-propyl ammonium chloride of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide equimolar amounts replaces.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared Matter is listed in table 2.
Prepare embodiment 8
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 7 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), The n-propylamine of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide equimolar amounts replaces.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are in table It is listed in 2.
Prepare embodiment 9
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 7 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), The pyridine of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide equimolar amounts replaces.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are in table 2 In list.
Prepare embodiment 10
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 7 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), The cyclohexylamine of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide equimolar amounts replaces.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are in table It is listed in 2.
Prepare embodiment 11
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 7 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), Tetrapropylammonium hydroxide is replaced with ethylenediamine, and the molal quantity of ethylenediamine is 0.5 times of the molal quantity of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide.It prepares The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom composition and property listed in table 2.
Prepare embodiment 12
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 7 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), The diethanol amine of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide equimolar amounts replaces.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared exist It is listed in table 2.
Prepare embodiment 13
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 7 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), Tetrapropylammonium hydroxide is replaced with hexamethylenetetramine, and the mole number of hexamethylenetetramine is mole of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide Several 0.25 times.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are listed in table 2.
Prepare embodiment 14
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 7 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), Tetrapropylammonium hydroxide is replaced with diethylenetriamine, and the molal quantity of diethylenetriamine is the molal quantity of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide 0.3 times.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are listed in table 2.
Prepare embodiment 15
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 7 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), Raw material nano carbon material is identical as the raw material nano carbon material prepared in embodiment 2.The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared Composition and property are listed in table 2.
Prepare embodiment 16
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 7 is prepared, unlike, in step (2), Obtained aqueous dispersions are placed in the autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, at a temperature of 80 DEG C, in spontaneous pressure It is reacted 48 hours under power.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are listed in table 2.
Prepare embodiment 17
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 7 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), By raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide is 1：0.4 ratio feeds intake.The nano-sized carbon containing hetero atom prepared The composition and property of material are listed in table 2.
Prepare embodiment 18
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 4 is prepared, unlike, in step (1), After the dispersion in deionized water of raw material nano carbon material, tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide is added (with 20 weight % aqueous dispersions) Form provides, to obtain aqueous dispersions, wherein presses raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide is 1：5 Ratio feeds intake.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are listed in table 2.
Prepare comparative example 7
Aqueous dispersions identical with embodiment 18 is prepared are placed in the three-necked flask for being equipped with condenser pipe, three-necked flask is set It is in 180 DEG C of oil bath in temperature, under normal pressure back flow reaction 24 hours.After reaction, the temperature drop in three-necked flask is waited for To room temperature, reaction mixture is filtered and is washed, and collects solid matter.By the solid matter being collected into normal pressure, After being dried 6 hours at a temperature of 120 DEG C, nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is obtained.The group of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared At and property listed in table 2.
Prepare embodiment 19
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 18 is prepared, unlike, step (1) In, raw material nano carbon material is identical as the raw material nano carbon material prepared in embodiment 5.The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared Composition and property listed in table 2.
Prepare embodiment 20
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 18 is prepared, unlike, step (2) In, obtained aqueous dispersions are placed in the autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, at a temperature of 200 DEG C, certainly It is reacted 48 hours under raw pressure.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are listed in table 2.
Prepare embodiment 21
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 18 is prepared, unlike, step (1) In, by raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide is 1：8 ratio feeds intake.The nanometer containing hetero atom prepared The composition and property of carbon material are listed in table 2.
Prepare embodiment 22
(1) using 20g as the multi-walled carbon nanotube of raw material nano carbon material (with the raw material nano carbon in preparation embodiment 1 Material identical) it is dispersed in 200g deionized waters, wherein it is dispersed under the conditions of sonic oscillation and carries out, sonic oscillation condition includes： Frequency is 40kHz, and the time is 0.5 hour.Then, the diethanol amine as organic base is added, to obtain aqueous dispersions, In, by raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is 1：1 ratio feeds intake.
(2) obtained aqueous dispersions are placed in the autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, in 120 DEG C of temperature Under, it reacts 24 hours at autogenous pressures.After reaction, it waits for that the temperature in autoclave is cooled to room temperature, opens reaction Reaction mixture is filtered and is washed, and collects solid matter by kettle.By the solid matter being collected into normal pressure, 120 DEG C At a temperature of after dry 12 hours, obtain nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, this contains the composition of hetero atom nano-carbon material and property exists It is listed in table 3.
Prepare comparative example 8
Aqueous dispersions identical with embodiment 22 is prepared are placed in the three-necked flask for being equipped with condenser pipe, three-necked flask is set It is in 120 DEG C of oil bath in temperature, under normal pressure back flow reaction 24 hours.After reaction, the temperature drop in three-necked flask is waited for To room temperature, reaction mixture is filtered and is washed, and collects solid matter.By the solid matter being collected into normal pressure, After being dried 6 hours at a temperature of 120 DEG C, nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is obtained.The group of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared At and property listed in table 3.
Prepare embodiment 23
(1) using 20g as the multi-walled carbon nanotube of raw material nano carbon material (with the raw material nano carbon in preparation embodiment 4 Material identical) it is dispersed in 500g deionized waters, wherein it is dispersed under the conditions of sonic oscillation and carries out, sonic oscillation condition includes： Frequency is 40kHz, and the time is 0.5 hour.Then, the triethanolamine as organic base is added, to obtain aqueous dispersions, In, by raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is 1：5 ratio feeds intake.
(2) obtained aqueous dispersions are placed in the autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, in 150 DEG C of temperature Under, it reacts 36 hours at autogenous pressures.After reaction, it waits for that the temperature in autoclave is cooled to room temperature, opens reaction Reaction mixture is filtered and is washed, and collects solid matter by kettle.By the solid matter being collected into normal pressure, 140 DEG C At a temperature of after dry 8 hours, obtain nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, this contains the composition of hetero atom nano-carbon material and property in table It is listed in 3.
Prepare embodiment 24
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 22 is prepared, unlike, step (2) In, obtained aqueous dispersions are placed in the autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, at a temperature of 90 DEG C, spontaneous It is reacted 24 hours under pressure.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are listed in table 3.
Prepare embodiment 25
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 22 is prepared, unlike, step (1) In, the multi-walled carbon nanotube as raw material nano carbon material is identical as the raw material nano carbon material prepared in embodiment 2.It prepares The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom are listed in table 3.
Prepare embodiment 26
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 22 is prepared, unlike, step (1), By raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is 1：0.2 ratio feeds intake.The group of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared At and property listed in table 3.
Prepare embodiment 27
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 22 is prepared, unlike, step (1) In, the n-butylamine of diethanol amine equimolar amounts replaces.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are in table 3 It lists.
Prepare embodiment 28
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 23 is prepared, unlike, step (1) In, the aniline of triethanolamine equimolar amounts replaces.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared arrange in table 3 Go out.
Prepare embodiment 29
(1) using 20g as the multi-walled carbon nanotube of raw material nano carbon material (with the raw material nano carbon in preparation embodiment 1 Material identical) it is dispersed in 250g deionized waters, wherein it is dispersed under the conditions of sonic oscillation and carries out, sonic oscillation condition includes： Frequency is 40kHz, and the time is 0.5 hour.Then, the ethylenediamine as organic base is added, to obtain aqueous dispersions, wherein By raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is 1：1.25.
(2) obtained aqueous dispersions are placed in the autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, in 150 DEG C of temperature Under, it reacts 48 hours at autogenous pressures.After reaction, it waits for that the temperature in autoclave is cooled to room temperature, opens reaction Reaction mixture is filtered and is washed, and collects solid matter by kettle.By the solid matter being collected into normal pressure, 150 DEG C At a temperature of after dry 5 hours, obtain nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, this contains the composition of hetero atom nano-carbon material and property in table It is listed in 3.
Prepare comparative example 9
Aqueous dispersions identical with embodiment 29 is prepared are placed in the three-necked flask for being equipped with condenser pipe, three-necked flask is set It is in 150 DEG C of oil bath in temperature, under normal pressure back flow reaction 48 hours.After reaction, the temperature drop in three-necked flask is waited for To room temperature, reaction mixture is filtered and is washed, and collects solid matter.By the solid matter being collected into normal pressure, After being dried 6 hours at a temperature of 120 DEG C, nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is obtained.The group of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared At and property listed in table 3.
Prepare embodiment 30
(1) using 20g as the multi-walled carbon nanotube of raw material nano carbon material (with the raw material nano carbon in preparation embodiment 4 Material identical) it is dispersed in 800g deionized waters, wherein it is dispersed under the conditions of sonic oscillation and carries out, sonic oscillation condition includes： Frequency is 60kHz, and the time is 1.5 hours.Then, the hexamethylene diamine as organic base is added, to obtain aqueous dispersions, wherein By raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of hexamethylene diamine is 1：4.
(2) obtained aqueous dispersions are placed in the autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, in 120 DEG C of temperature Under, it reacts 24 hours at autogenous pressures.After reaction, it waits for that the temperature in autoclave is cooled to room temperature, opens reaction Reaction mixture is filtered and is washed, and collects solid matter by kettle.By the solid matter being collected into normal pressure, 120 DEG C At a temperature of after dry 12 hours, obtain nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, this contains the composition of hetero atom nano-carbon material and property exists It is listed in table 3.
Prepare embodiment 31
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 29 is prepared, unlike, step (1) In, the multi-walled carbon nanotube as raw material nano carbon material is identical as embodiment 2 is prepared.The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared Composition and property listed in table 3.
Prepare embodiment 32
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 29 is prepared, unlike, step (2) In, obtained aqueous dispersions are placed in the autoclave with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, at a temperature of 200 DEG C, certainly It is reacted 24 hours under raw pressure.The composition and property of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared are listed in table 3.
Prepare embodiment 33
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 29 is prepared, unlike, step (1) In, by raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is 1：0.25 ratio feeds intake.The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared Composition and property listed in table 3.
Prepare embodiment 34
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 29 is prepared, unlike, step (1) In, ethylenediamine is replaced with ethamine, and the molal quantity of ethamine is 2 times of ethylenediamine.The composition of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared And property is listed in table 3.
Prepare embodiment 35
Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is prepared using method identical with embodiment 30 is prepared, unlike, step (1) In, hexamethylene diamine is replaced with triethanolamine, and the mole of triethanolamine is 2 times of the mole of hexamethylene diamine.What is prepared contains hetero atom The composition and property of nano-carbon material are listed in table 3.
Prepare embodiment 36
The obtained nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of embodiment 1 will be prepared to roast 4 hours in air atmosphere at 350 DEG C.
Prepare comparative example 10
The obtained nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of comparative example 1 will be prepared to roast 4 hours in air atmosphere at 350 DEG C.
Prepare embodiment 37
The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom for preparing of embodiment 7 will be prepared to roast 4 hours in air atmosphere at 350 DEG C.
Prepare comparative example 11-14
The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom that preparation comparative example 11 obtains preparation comparative example 3 is at 350 DEG C in air atmosphere Roasting 4 hours；The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom that preparation comparative example 12 obtains preparation comparative example 4 is at 350 DEG C in air atmosphere Middle roasting 4 hours；The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom that preparation comparative example 13 obtains preparation comparative example 5 is at 350 DEG C in air gas It is roasted 4 hours in atmosphere；The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom that preparation comparative example 14 obtains preparation comparative example 6 is at 350 DEG C in air It is roasted 4 hours in atmosphere.Prepare embodiment 38
The obtained nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of embodiment 18 will be prepared to roast 2 hours in air atmosphere at 450 DEG C.
Prepare embodiment 39
The obtained nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of embodiment 19 will be prepared to roast 2 hours in air atmosphere at 450 DEG C.
Prepare embodiment 40
The obtained nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of embodiment 22 will be prepared to roast 4 hours in air atmosphere at 400 DEG C.
Prepare comparative example 15
The obtained nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of comparative example 8 will be prepared to roast 4 hours in air atmosphere at 400 DEG C.
Prepare embodiment 41
The obtained nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of embodiment 23 will be prepared to roast 6 hours in air atmosphere at 380 DEG C.
Prepare embodiment 42
The obtained nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of embodiment 26 will be prepared to roast 5 hours in air atmosphere at 400 DEG C.
Prepare embodiment 43
The obtained nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of embodiment 28 will be prepared to roast 6 hours in air atmosphere at 380 DEG C.
Prepare embodiment 44
The obtained nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of embodiment 29 will be prepared to roast 5 hours in air atmosphere at 410 DEG C.
Prepare comparative example 16
The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom for preparing of comparative example 9 will be prepared to roast 5 hours in air atmosphere at 410 DEG C.
Prepare embodiment 45
The obtained nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of embodiment 30 will be prepared to roast 8 hours in air atmosphere at 370 DEG C.
Prepare embodiment 46
The obtained nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of embodiment 33 will be prepared to roast 5 hours in air atmosphere at 410 DEG C.
Prepare embodiment 47
The obtained nano-carbon material containing hetero atom of embodiment 35 will be prepared to roast 8 hours in air atmosphere at 370 DEG C.
The method that embodiment 1-67 is used to illustrate the present invention.
Embodiment 1-8
Respectively using 0.2g (admission space 1.5mL) nano-carbon material containing hetero atom as Catalyst packing universal solid In fixed bed miniature quartz pipe reactor, two end seal of miniature quartz pipe reactor has quartz sand, by the unstripped gas containing hydrocarbon and oxygen Body, which is passed through in reactor, to be reacted.
Wherein, the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom for preparing embodiment 1-3 and 7 and preparing the preparation of embodiment 36 is respectively adopted As in the embodiment of catalyst, in unstrpped gas, a concentration of 1 volume % of normal butane, normal butane and oxygen molar ratio 0.5： 1, surplus is the nitrogen as carrier gas, and reaction carries out under conditions of 0.1MPa and 450 DEG C, and the total volume air speed of unstrpped gas is 500h-1；
It is respectively adopted and prepares nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared by embodiment 4-6 and be used as in the embodiment of catalyst, original Expect in gas, a concentration of 1.5 volume % of normal butane, normal butane and oxygen molar ratio 2：3, surplus is the nitrogen as carrier gas, Reaction carries out under conditions of 0MPa and 420 DEG C, and the total volume air speed of unstrpped gas is 100h-1。
The composition of the reaction mixture exported from reactor is continuously monitored, and calculates n-butane conversion, total olefin choosing Selecting property and 1- butylene selectivity, the results are shown in Table 4 within 3 hours and 24 hours for reaction.
Embodiment 9
Using method same as Example 1 by n butane oxidation, the difference is that, it reacts in 0.5MPa and 400 DEG C of condition Lower progress.Experimental result is listed in table 4.
Embodiment 10
Using method same as Example 4 by n butane oxidation, the difference is that, it reacts under the conditions of 0MPa and 450 DEG C It carries out.Experimental result is listed in table 4.
Comparative example 1
Using method same as Example 1 by n butane oxidation, the difference is that, contained using prepared by preparation comparative example 1 Hetero atom nano-carbon material is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 4.
Comparative example 2
Using method same as Example 4 by n butane oxidation, the difference is that, contained using prepared by preparation comparative example 2 Hetero atom nano-carbon material is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 4.
Comparative example 3
Using method same as Example 1 by n butane oxidation, the difference is that, using the raw material prepared in embodiment 1 Carbon material is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 4.
Comparative example 4
Using method same as Example 4 by n butane oxidation, the difference is that, using the raw material prepared in embodiment 4 Carbon material is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 4.
Comparative example 5
Using method same as Example 1 by n butane oxidation, the difference is that, contained using prepared by preparation comparative example 10 Hetero atom nano-carbon material is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 4.
Table 4
Embodiment 11-30
Respectively using 0.2g (volume 1.5mL) nano-carbon material containing hetero atom as Catalyst packing in universal fixed bed In miniature quartz pipe reactor, two end seal of miniature quartz pipe reactor has quartz sand, and the unstrpped gas containing hydrocarbon and oxygen is led to Enter in reactor and is reacted.
Wherein, it is respectively adopted and prepares embodiment 1, nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared by 7-17,36 and 37 is used as catalysis In the embodiment of agent, in unstrpped gas, a concentration of 2 volume % of normal butane, normal butane and oxygen molar ratio 1：3, surplus is to make For the nitrogen of carrier gas, reaction carries out under conditions of 0.1MPa and 400 DEG C, and the total volume air speed of unstrpped gas is 200h-1；
Reality of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom for preparing the preparation of embodiment 18-21,38 and 39 as catalyst is respectively adopted It applies in example, in unstrpped gas, a concentration of 1 volume % of normal butane, normal butane and oxygen molar ratio 1：1.5, surplus is as load The nitrogen of gas, reaction carry out under conditions of 0.5MPa and 420 DEG C, and the total volume air speed of unstrpped gas is 500h-1。
The composition of the reaction mixture exported from reactor is continuously monitored, and calculates n-butane conversion, total olefin choosing Selecting property and butadiene selective, the results are shown in Table 5 within 3 hours and 24 hours for reaction.
Comparative example 6-9
Using method identical with embodiment 11 by n butane oxidation, the difference is that, it is respectively adopted and prepares comparative example 3-6 systems Standby nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 5.
Comparative example 10
Using method identical with embodiment 23 by n butane oxidation, the difference is that, contained using prepared by preparation comparative example 7 Hetero atom nano-carbon material is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 5.
Comparative example 11
Using method identical with embodiment 12 by n butane oxidation, the difference is that, using the raw material prepared in embodiment 7 Carbon material is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 5.
Comparative example 12
Using method identical with embodiment 23 by n butane oxidation, the difference is that, using the original prepared in embodiment 18 Expect carbon material as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 5.
Comparative example 13-16
Using method oxidizing n-butane identical with embodiment 28, the difference is that, it is respectively adopted and prepares comparative example 11-14 systems Standby nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 5.
Embodiment 31-33
Using method identical with embodiment 11 by n butane oxidation, the difference is that, it is respectively adopted and prepares embodiment 1,7 and 8 nano-carbon materials containing hetero atom prepared are carried out as catalyst, reaction under the conditions of 0.1MPa and 450 DEG C.Experimental result exists It is listed in table 5.
Embodiment 34-37
Using method identical with embodiment 23 by n butane oxidation, the difference is that, it is respectively adopted and prepares embodiment 18-21 Embodiment of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared as catalyst, reaction carry out under the conditions of 0.1MPa and 400 DEG C.Experiment As a result it lists in table 5.
Table 5
Embodiment 38-48
Respectively using 0.2g (volume 1.5mL) nano-carbon material containing hetero atom as Catalyst packing in universal fixed bed In miniature quartz pipe reactor, two end seal of miniature quartz pipe reactor has quartz sand, and the unstrpped gas containing hydrocarbon and oxygen is led to Enter in reactor and is reacted.
Wherein, it is respectively adopted and prepares embodiment 22, the reality of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared by 24-27,40,42 and 43 It applies in example, in unstrpped gas, a concentration of 1 volume % of propane, the molar ratio 1 of propane and oxygen：3, surplus is as carrier gas Nitrogen, reaction carry out under conditions of 0.2MPa and 480 DEG C, and the total volume air speed of unstrpped gas is 150h-1；
It is respectively adopted in the embodiment for preparing the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared by embodiment 23,28 and 41, unstripped gas In body, a concentration of 4 volume % of propane, the molar ratio 0.5 of propane and oxygen：1, surplus is the nitrogen as carrier gas, and reaction exists It is carried out under conditions of 0.1MPa and 420 DEG C, the total volume air speed of unstrpped gas is 20h-1。
The composition of the reaction mixture exported from reactor is continuously monitored, and calculates conversion of propane and C3Alkene selects Property, the results are shown in Table 6 within 3 hours and 24 hours for reaction.
Comparative example 17
Using method identical with embodiment 38 by oxidation of propane, the difference is that, using preparing, containing for the preparation of comparative example 8 is miscellaneous Atom nano-carbon material is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 6.
Comparative example 18
Using method identical with embodiment 38 by oxidation of propane, the difference is that, using the raw material prepared in embodiment 22 Carbon material is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 6.
Comparative example 19
Using method identical with embodiment 39 by oxidation of propane, the difference is that, using the raw material prepared in embodiment 23 Carbon material is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 6.
Comparative example 20
Using method identical with embodiment 45 by oxidation of propane, the difference is that, contained using prepared by preparation comparative example 15 Hetero atom nano-carbon material is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 6.
Embodiment 49-51
Using method propane oxide identical with embodiment 38, the difference is that, it is respectively adopted and prepares embodiment 22,26 and 27 The nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared is carried out as catalyst, reaction under conditions of 0MPa and 440 DEG C.Experimental result is in table It is listed in 6.
Embodiment 52
Using method propane oxide identical with embodiment 39, unlike, reaction under conditions of 1MPa and 360 DEG C into Row.Experimental result is listed in table 6.
Table 6
Embodiment 53-63
Respectively using 0.2g (admission space 1.5mL) nano-carbon material containing hetero atom as Catalyst packing universal solid In fixed bed miniature quartz pipe reactor, two end seal of miniature quartz pipe reactor has quartz sand, by the original containing vinylbenzene and oxygen Material gas, which is passed through in reactor, to be reacted.
Wherein, the implementation for preparing embodiment 29, the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared by 31-34,43 and 46 is respectively adopted In example, in unstrpped gas, a concentration of 2 volume % of vinylbenzene, the molar ratio 1 of vinylbenzene and oxygen：1, surplus is as carrier gas Nitrogen, reaction carries out under conditions of 0.1MPa and 400 DEG C, and the total volume air speed of unstrpped gas is 250h-1；
It is respectively adopted in the embodiment for preparing the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared by embodiment 30,35,45 and 47, raw material In gas, a concentration of 3 volume % of vinylbenzene, the molar ratio 2 of vinylbenzene and oxygen：1, surplus is the nitrogen as carrier gas, instead It should be carried out under conditions of 0.5MPa and 380 DEG C, the total volume air speed of unstrpped gas is 100h-1。
The composition of the reaction mixture exported from reactor is continuously monitored, and calculates vinylbenzene conversion ratio and styrene choosing Selecting property, the results are shown in Table 7 within 3 hours and 24 hours for reaction.
Comparative example 21
Vinylbenzene is aoxidized using method identical with embodiment 53, unlike, contained using prepared by preparation comparative example 9 Hetero atom nano-carbon material is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 7.
Comparative example 22
Vinylbenzene is aoxidized using method identical with embodiment 53, unlike, using the original prepared in embodiment 29 Expect nano-carbon material as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 7.
Comparative example 23
Vinylbenzene is aoxidized using method identical with embodiment 54, unlike, using the original prepared in embodiment 30 Expect nano-carbon material as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 7.
Comparative example 24
Vinylbenzene is aoxidized using method identical with embodiment 60, unlike, it is prepared using preparation comparative example 16 Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is as catalyst.Experimental result is listed in table 7.
Embodiment 64-66
Vinylbenzene is aoxidized using method identical with embodiment 53, unlike, it is respectively adopted and prepares embodiment 29,33 The nano-carbon material containing atom prepared with 34 is carried out as catalyst, reaction under conditions of 1MPa and 450 DEG C.Experimental result exists It is listed in table 7.
Embodiment 67
Vinylbenzene is aoxidized using method identical with embodiment 54, unlike, react the condition at 0MPa and 300 DEG C Lower progress.Experimental result is listed in table 7.
Table 7

Claims (112)

1. a kind of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, this contains hetero atom nano-carbon material and contains C element, O elements and optional N members Element, on the basis of the total amount of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom and based on the element, the content of O elements is 1-6 weight %, N element Content be 0-2 weight %, the content of C element is 92-99 weight %；
This contains in hetero atom nano-carbon material, the O determined by the peak within the scope of 531.0-532.5eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The amount of element is IO c, the amount of the O elements determined by the peak within the scope of 532.6-533.5eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is IO e, IO c/IO eIn the range of 0.2-0.8；
In the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, determined by the peak within the scope of 288.6-288.8eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The amount of C element is IC c, the amount of the C element determined by the peak within the scope of 286.0-286.2eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is IC e, IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.2-1；
When the content of N element in the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is 0.1 weight % or more, by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Determine that the total amount of the N element in the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom is IN t, by 398.5-400.1eV in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The amount for the N element that peak in range determines is IN c, IN c/IN tIn the range of 0.7-1；
The preparation method of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom include by a kind of aqueous dispersions being dispersed with raw material nano carbon material in It is reacted in closed container, for the aqueous dispersions with or without organic base, the organic base is amine and/or quaternary ammonium base, reaction In the process, the temperature of the aqueous dispersions is maintained in the range of 80-220 DEG C, and the organic base is selected from chemical combination shown in Formulas I Object, Formula II compound represented, formula III compound represented and general formula R12(NH2)2The substance of expression, R12For C1-C6Asia Alkyl or C6-C12Arlydene,
In Formulas I, R1、R2、R3And R4Respectively C1-C20Alkyl or C6-C12Aryl；
In Formula II, R5、R6And R7Respectively H, C1-C6Alkyl or C6-C12Aryl, and R5、R6And R7It is asynchronously H；
In formula III, R8、R9And R10Respectively-R11OH, hydrogen or C1-C6Alkyl, and R8、R9And R10At least one of for- R11OH, R11For C1-C4Alkylidene.
2. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 1, wherein N members in the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom The content of element is less than 0.1 weight %, on the basis of the total amount of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom and based on the element, O elements Content is 2.5-5.8 weight %, and the content of C element is 94.2-97.5 weight %.
3. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 2, wherein with the total amount of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom On the basis of and based on the element, the contents of O elements is 3-5.6 weight %, and the content of C element is 94.4-97 weight %.
4. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 3, wherein with the total amount of the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom On the basis of and based on the element, the contents of O elements is 4.5-5.5 weight %, and the content of C element is 94.5-95.5 weight %.
5. according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom described in any one of claim 1-4, wherein the nanometer containing hetero atom The content of N element is less than 0.1 weight %, I in carbon materialO c/IO eIn the range of 0.4-0.7.
6. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 5, wherein IO c/IO eIn the range of 0.55-0.65.
7. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 5, wherein IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.3-0.9.
8. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 7, wherein IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.35-0.8.
9. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 8, wherein IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.5-0.7.
10. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 1, wherein with the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom On the basis of total amount and based on the element, the content of O elements is 2-6 weight %, and the content of N element is 0.2-1.8 weight %, C element Content be 92.2-97.8 weight %.
11. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 10, wherein with the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom On the basis of total amount and based on the element, the content of O elements is 3.5-5.5 weight %, and the content of N element is 0.5-1.8 weight %, C The content of element is 92.7-96 weight %.
12. according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom described in any one of claim 1,10 and 11, wherein described to contain miscellaneous original The content of N element is 0.1 weight % or more, I in sub- nano-carbon materialO c/IO eIn the range of 0.35-0.85, IC c/IC e In the range of 0.3-0.98.
13. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 12, wherein IO c/IO eIn the range of 0.45-0.8.
14. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 12, wherein IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.45-0.95.
15. according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom described in any one of claim 1,10 and 11, wherein IN c/IN t In the range of 0.8-0.95.
16. according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom described in any one of claim 1-4,10 and 11, wherein described containing miscellaneous In atom nano-carbon material, on the basis of the total amount of the C element determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of middle 284.7-284.9eV determines is 20 weight % or more, and by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of middle 284.7-284.9eV determines is 95 weight % or less.
17. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 16, wherein by 284.7- in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of 284.9eV determines is 40 weight % or more.
18. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 17, wherein by 284.7- in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of 284.9eV determines is 50 weight % or more.
19. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 18, wherein by 284.7- in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of 284.9eV determines is 70 weight % or more.
20. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 16, wherein by 284.7- in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of 284.9eV determines is 90 weight % or less.
21. according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom described in any one of claim 1-4,10 and 11, wherein this contains miscellaneous original Sub- nano-carbon material is carbon nanotube containing hetero atom.
22. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 21, wherein it is containing miscellaneous that this, which contains hetero atom nano-carbon material, Atom multi-walled carbon nanotube.
23. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 22, wherein the multi-walled carbon nanotube containing hetero atom Specific surface area is 50-500m2/g。
24. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 23, wherein the multi-walled carbon nanotube containing hetero atom Specific surface area is 80-300m2/g。
25. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 24, wherein the multi-walled carbon nanotube containing hetero atom Specific surface area is 100-200m2/g。
26. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 22, wherein the multi-walled carbon nanotube containing hetero atom exists Weight-loss ratio in 400-800 DEG C of temperature range is w800, the weight-loss ratio in 400-500 DEG C of temperature range is w500, w500/ w800In the range of 0.01-0.5, the weight-loss ratio measures in air atmosphere.
27. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 26, wherein w500/w800In the range of 0.02-0.2.
28. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 1, wherein with the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom On the basis of total amount, the content of O elements is 4-5.8 weight %, and the content of N element is 0.8-1.6 weight %, and the content of C element is 92.6-95.2 weight %.
29. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 28, wherein with the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom On the basis of total amount, the content of O elements is 4.5-5.5 weight %, and the content of N element is 1-1.5 weight %, and the content of C element is 93-94.5 weight %.
30. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 28, wherein IO c/IO eIn the range of 0.3-0.8.
31. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 30, wherein IO c/IO eIn the range of 0.35-0.8.
32. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 31, wherein IO c/IO eIn the range of 0.55-0.78.
33. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 28, wherein by 284.7- in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of 284.9eV determines is 70-90 weight %.
34. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 33, wherein by 284.7- in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of 284.9eV determines is 75-85 weight %.
35. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 28, wherein IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.3-0.9.
36. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 35, wherein IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.4-0.7.
37. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 36, wherein IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.45-0.6.
38. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 28, wherein IN c/IN tIn the range of 0.7-0.98.
39. according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom described in claim 38, wherein IN c/IN tIn the range of 0.75-0.96.
40. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 39, wherein IN c/IN tIn the range of 0.8-0.95.
41. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 1, wherein with the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom On the basis of total amount, the content of O elements is 2-6 weight %, and the content of N element is 0.3-2 weight %, and the content of C element is 92- 97.7 weight %.
42. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 41, wherein with the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom On the basis of total amount, the content of O elements is 3-5.5 weight %, and the content of N element is 0.4-1.8 weight %, and the content of C element is 92.7-96.6 weight %.
43. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 42, wherein with the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom On the basis of total amount, the content of O elements is 3.5-5 weight %, and the content of N element is 0.5-1.5 weight %, and the content of C element is 93.5-96 weight %.
44. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 41, wherein IO c/IO eIn the range of 0.3-0.8.
45. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 44, wherein IO c/IO eIn the range of 0.4-0.78.
46. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 45, wherein IO c/IO eIn the range of 0.45-0.75.
47. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 41, wherein by 284.7- in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of 284.9eV determines is 70-90 weight %.
48. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 47, wherein by 284.7- in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of 284.9eV determines is 70-85 weight %.
49. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 41, wherein IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.3-0.9.
50. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 49, wherein IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.4-0.8.
51. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 50, wherein IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.45-0.6.
52. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 41, wherein IN c/IN tIn the range of 0.7-0.95.
53. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 52, wherein IN c/IN tIn the range of 0.7-0.9.
54. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 53, wherein IN c/IN tIn the range of 0.8-0.9.
55. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 1, wherein with the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom On the basis of total amount, the content of O elements is 3-6 weight %, and the content of N element is 0.5-2 weight %, and the content of C element is 92- 96.5 weight %.
56. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 55, wherein with the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom On the basis of total amount, the content of O elements is 4-5.8 weight %, and the content of N element is 1-2 weight %, and the content of C element is 92.2- 95 weight %.
57. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 56, wherein with the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom On the basis of total amount, the content of O elements is 4.5-5.5 weight %, and the content of N element is 1.2-1.8 weight %, the content of C element For 92.7-94.3 weight %.
58. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 55, wherein IO c/IO eIn the range of 0.3-0.8.
59. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 58, wherein IO c/IO eIn the range of 0.4-0.75.
60. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 59, wherein IO c/IO eIn the range of 0.6-0.7.
61. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 55, wherein by 284.7- in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of 284.9eV determines is 70-80 weight %.
62. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 61, wherein by 284.7- in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The content for the C element that peak within the scope of 284.9eV determines is 75-80 weight %.
63. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 55, wherein IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.4-0.98.
64. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 63, wherein IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.7-0.98.
65. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 64, wherein IC c/IC eIn the range of 0.85-0.95.
66. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 55, wherein IN c/IN tIn the range of 0.7-0.95.
67. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 66, wherein IN c/IN tIn the range of 0.75-0.9.
68. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom according to claim 67, wherein IN c/IN tIn the range of 0.8-0.85.
69. a kind of preparation method of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, this method includes that one kind being dispersed with raw material nano carbon material Aqueous dispersions reacted in closed container, the aqueous dispersions with or without organic base, the organic base be amine and/or Quaternary ammonium base, in reaction process, the temperature of the aqueous dispersions is maintained in the range of 80-220 DEG C, raw material nano carbon material：H2O Weight ratio 1：In the range of 2-200, when the aqueous dispersions contain at least one organic base, raw material nano carbon material：Have The weight ratio of machine alkali is 1：In the range of 0.05-20, the duration of the reaction is described to have in the range of 0.5-96 hours Machine alkali is selected from Formulas I compound represented, Formula II compound represented, formula III compound represented and general formula R12(NH2)2Table The substance shown, R12For C1-C6Alkylidene or C6-C12Arlydene,
In Formulas I, R1、R2、R3And R4Respectively C1-C20Alkyl or C6-C12Aryl；
In Formula II, R5、R6And R7Respectively H, C1-C6Alkyl or C6-C12Aryl, and R5、R6And R7It is asynchronously H；
In formula III, R8、R9And R10Respectively-R11OH, hydrogen or C1-C6Alkyl, and R8、R9And R10At least one of for- R11OH, R11For C1-C4Alkylidene.
70. method according to claim 69, wherein raw material nano carbon material：H2The weight ratio of O is 1：The range of 5-100 It is interior.
71. method according to claim 70, wherein raw material nano carbon material：H2The weight ratio of O is 1：The range of 10-50 It is interior.
72. method according to claim 69, wherein raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is 1：0.1-10 In the range of.
73. according to the method described in claim 72, wherein raw material nano carbon material：Model of the weight ratio of organic base in 0.5-5 In enclosing.
74. according to the method described in any one of claim 69-73, wherein in reaction process, the temperature of the aqueous dispersions Degree is maintained in the range of 120-180 DEG C.
75. method according to claim 69, wherein the duration of the reaction is in the range of 2-72 hours.
76. according to the method described in claim 75, wherein the duration of the reaction is in the range of 20-50 hours.
77. method according to claim 69, wherein in the raw material nano carbon material content of O elements be not higher than The content of 1.2 weight %, N element are less than 0.1 weight %.
78. according to the method described in claim 77, wherein in the raw material nano carbon material content of O elements be not higher than 0.5 weight %.
79. according to the method described in claim 77, wherein the content of N element is not higher than 0.08 weight %.
80. according to the method described in claim 79, wherein the content of N element is not higher than 0.05 weight %.
81. according to the method described in any one of claim 69-73 and 75-80, wherein the raw material nano carbon material is Carbon nanotube.
82. according to the method described in claim 81, wherein the raw material nano carbon material is multi-walled carbon nanotube.
83. the method according to claim 82, wherein the specific surface area of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 20-500m2/g。
84. according to the method described in claim 83, wherein the specific surface area of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 50-400m2/g。
85. according to the method described in claim 84, wherein the specific surface area of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 90-300m2/g。
86. according to the method described in claim 85, wherein the specific surface area of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 100-200m2/g。
87. the method according to claim 82, wherein the multi-walled carbon nanotube is in 400-800 DEG C of temperature range Weight-loss ratio be w800, the weight-loss ratio in 400-500 DEG C of temperature range is w500, w500/w800In the range of 0.01-0.5, The weight-loss ratio measures in air atmosphere.
88. according to the method described in claim 87, wherein w500/w800In the range of 0.02-0.2.
89. according to the method described in any one of claim 69-73 and 75-80, wherein this method further includes from reacting To mixture in isolate solid matter, and the solid matter isolated is dried.
90. according to the method described in claim 89, wherein the drying carries out at a temperature of 50-200 DEG C, the drying Duration be 0.5-48 hours.
91. according to the method described in claim 90, wherein the drying carries out at a temperature of 80-180 DEG C, the drying Duration be 3-24 hours.
92. according to the method described in claim 91, wherein the drying carries out at a temperature of 100-150 DEG C, the drying Duration be 5-12 hours.
93. method according to claim 69, wherein the organic base is Formulas I compound represented；
Also, raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is 1：It is water-dispersed in reaction process within the scope of 0.1-10 The temperature of liquid is in the range of 90-210 DEG C.
94. according to the method described in claim 93, wherein the organic base is tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethyl hydroxide One or more of ammonium, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and four pentyl ammonium hydroxide,
In Formulas I, R1、R2、R3And R4Respectively C1-C20Alkyl or C6-C12Aryl；
Also, raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is in the range of 0.5-5, in reaction process, the temperature of aqueous dispersions Degree is in the range of 140-180 DEG C.
95. method according to claim 69, wherein the organic base is formula III compound represented；
Also, raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is 1：Within the scope of 0.2-10；It is water-dispersed in reaction process The temperature of liquid is in the range of 90-160 DEG C.
96. according to the method described in claim 95, wherein the organic base is monoethanolamine, diethanol amine and triethanolamine One or more,
In formula III, R8、R9And R10Respectively-R11OH, hydrogen or C1-C6Alkyl, and R8、R9And R10At least one of for- R11OH, R11For C1-C4Alkylidene；
Also, raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is 1：In the range of 1-5；In reaction process, the temperature of aqueous dispersions Degree is in the range of 120-150 DEG C.
97. method according to claim 69, wherein the organic base is general formula R12(NH2)2The substance of expression, R12For C1-C6Alkylidene or C6-C12Arlydene；
Also, raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is 1：Within the scope of 0.2-10；It is water-dispersed in reaction process The temperature of liquid is in the range of 100-200 DEG C.
98. according to the method described in claim 97, wherein the organic base is ethylenediamine, propane diamine, butanediamine, pentanediamine One or more of with hexamethylene diamine；
Also, raw material nano carbon material：The weight ratio of organic base is 1：In the range of 1-5；In reaction process, the temperature of aqueous dispersions Degree is in the range of 120-150 DEG C.
99. nano-carbon material containing hetero atom prepared by a kind of method by described in any one of claim 69-98.
100. a kind of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom, it is by any one of claim 1-68 that this, which contains hetero atom nano-carbon material, Nano-carbon material containing hetero atom described in the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom or claim 99 is roasted and is made 's.
101. according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom described in claim 100, wherein temperature of the roasting at 250-500 DEG C Degree is lower to carry out, and the duration of the roasting is 1-24 hours.
102. according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom described in claim 101, wherein temperature of the roasting at 300-480 DEG C Degree is lower to carry out, and the duration of the roasting is 2-12 hours.
103. according to the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom described in claim 102, wherein temperature of the roasting at 350-450 DEG C Degree is lower to carry out, and the duration of the roasting is 2-8 hours.
104. the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom described in any one of claim 1-68 and 99 or claim 100- The application of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom described in any one of 103 as the catalyst of hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction.
105. according to the application described in claim 104, wherein the dehydrogenation reaction carries out in the presence of oxygen.
106. the application according to claim 104 or 105, wherein the hydrocarbon is alkane.
107. according to the application described in claim 106, wherein the hydrocarbon is C2-C12Alkane.
108. according to the application described in claim 104, wherein the hydrocarbon is in propane, normal butane, iso-butane and vinylbenzene It is one or more kinds of.
109. a kind of hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction method, this method is included under conditions of existence or non-existence oxygen, in hydrocarbon dehydrogenation reaction Under the conditions of, by the nano-carbon material containing hetero atom or claim described in any one of hydrocarbon and claim 1-68 and 99 The contact of nano-carbon material containing hetero atom described in any one of 100-103.
110. according to the method described in claim 109, wherein the hydrocarbon is alkane.
111. according to the method described in claim 110, wherein the hydrocarbon is C2-C12Alkane.
112. according to the method described in claim 109, wherein the hydrocarbon is in propane, normal butane, iso-butane and vinylbenzene It is one or more kinds of.
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