CN105814281B - 装有叶片的转子 - Google Patents

装有叶片的转子 Download PDF

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CN105814281B
CN105814281B CN201480066233.XA CN201480066233A CN105814281B CN 105814281 B CN105814281 B CN 105814281B CN 201480066233 A CN201480066233 A CN 201480066233A CN 105814281 B CN105814281 B CN 105814281B
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coating
blade
discoid pieces
root
pod
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CN105814281A (zh
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L·梅兹勒
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Safran Helicopter Engines SAS
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Turbomeca SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3007—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/073—Metallic material containing MCrAl or MCrAlY alloys, where M is nickel, cobalt or iron, with or without non-metal elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
    • F04D29/322—Blade mountings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
    • F04D29/324—Blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/325—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow fans
    • F04D29/329—Details of the hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/34—Blade mountings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/38—Blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
    • F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
    • F05D2230/311—Layer deposition by torch or flame spraying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/24—Rotors for turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/17—Alloys
    • F05D2300/177—Ni - Si alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种装有叶片的转子，其包括转子盘状件(12)，转子盘状件(12)具有两个前面(14，15)和外周面(16)、设置在外周面(16)中的承窝(18)和向外通向前面(14，15)中的至少一个的开口。该转子(10)包括叶片(30)，每个叶片具有叶片借以紧固在承窝(18)中的根部(32)，当叶片紧固在承窝中时，根部的端面(31)与盘状件的前面(14)大体上齐平。涂层(40)沉积在盘状件(12)上，以便覆盖盘状件的前面(14)的至少一部分和根部(32)的端面(31)的至少一部分这两者。

Description

装有叶片的转子
技术领域
本公开涉及一种装有叶片的转子。
此类转子可用于陆地或航空涡轮发动机中，并且更具体地用于涡轮喷气式飞机中。在涡轮喷气式飞机的具体情况下，它可以是风扇转子、压缩机转子或涡轮转子。
背景技术
在本公开下，"轴向方向"对应于转子的旋转轴线的方向，而"径向方向"是垂直于该轴线的方向。同样地，"轴向平面"是包含转子的旋转轴线的平面，而"径向平面"是垂直于该轴线的平面。
此外，除非相反地指定，形容词"内"和"外"以这样的方式相对于径向方向进行使用，即元件的内部部分(即径向地内部)比同一元件的外部部分(即径向地外部)更靠近旋转轴线。
最后，"上游"和"下游"相对于叶片或转子之间的流体的正常流动方向(即从上游到下游)进行定义。
本公开涉及一种具有形成转子的中心部分的盘状件的装有叶片的转子，其中叶片在其外周边处安装在盘状件上。叶片通过附接系统紧固到盘状件，其中叶片的根部形成附接系统的公部分并且径向地保持在该系统的阴部分中，所述阴部分本身形成在盘状件的外周边中。该阴部分通常称为"承窝"。叶片转子和盘状件承窝可以相对于轴向方向倾斜。承窝向外通向盘状件的外周面，并且还通向盘状件的称为"前"面的轴向端面中的至少一个，因此形成前开口。叶片一般通过经由前开口滑动到承窝内而安装在盘状件上。
对于将叶片轴向地保持在其承窝中、即对于防止叶片相对于盘状件轴向移动，存在各种解决方案。那些已知的解决方案涉及安装分开的元件、例如叶片根部的轴向末端处的丝或折叠的分支、例如向外张开的小、或例如安装在盘状件上的侧板。例如，专利文件FR2890684B1描述了具有倚着叶片根部的上游前面折叠的两个凸出部的垫片。那些已知的解决方案通常增加转子的零件的数量，并且它们会使叶片在盘状件上的安装复杂化。那些已知的解决方案对运行温度敏感，而对于涉及折叠的分支或丝的解决方案，它们对为了避免运行中的任何打开的折叠量敏感。此外，它们使检查空气系统在转子的上游与下游面之间的密封或检查具有冷却的叶片的转子中的冷却空气的溢出更困难。
因此存在对使叶片能相对于盘状件轴向地保持的新颖的解决方案的需要。
发明内容
本公开涉及一种装有叶片的转子，其包括：
转子盘状件，其存在两个前面和外周面、提供在所述外周面中的承窝和向外通向所述前面中的至少一个的开口；以及
叶片，每个叶片具有所述叶片借以紧固在承窝中的根部，当所述叶片紧固在所述承窝中时，所述根部的端面与所述盘状件的所述前面大体上齐平
根据提出的解决方案，涂层沉积在所述盘状件上，以便覆盖所述盘状件的所述前面的至少一部分和所述根部的所述端面的至少一部分这两者。
如所陈述的，根部的端面与盘状件的前面"大体上"齐平，这意味着端面可以与根部的前面精确齐平，但不一定。可以存在这些面之间的偏移。在适当的情况下，这种偏移可以通过涂层的更大或更小厚度来进行补偿。
除上面提到的特征之外，提出的解决方案可以存在单独地或任何技术上可行的组合地考虑的一个或更多个以下特征：
·涂层通过热喷涂、具体地通过等离子喷涂、电弧喷涂、或火焰喷涂进行沉积。
·涂层通过超音速火焰热喷涂、具体地通过高速氧-燃料(HVOF)喷涂、高速空气-燃料(HVAF)喷涂、或混合喷涂进行沉积。
·涂层是镍基合金。
·涂层是MCrAlY类型的合金，其中M对应于元素Fe、Ni、Co、或这些元素的混合物。涂层因此可以是NiCoCrAlYTa类型的合金。
·涂层的厚度落在0.5毫米(mm)至1mm范围捏。
本公开还涉及包括如上所述的装有叶片的转子的涡轮发动机。
在阅读实施例的以下详细描述后，提出的解决方案的特征和优点以及其它是显而易见的。该详细描述参考附图。
附图说明
附图是概略的并不按比例，并且它们首要试图图示本发明的原理。
在附图中，从一副图到另一副图，完全相同的元件(或元件的若干部分)由相同的参考符号来识别。
图1是本公开的转子的实施例的局部透视图。
图2是图1所示转子在平面II II上的截面中的视图。
具体实施方式
实施例在下面参考附图详细地进行描述。这些实施例图示本发明的特征和特点。然而，应当回顾的是，本发明不限于这些实施例。
图1是具有旋转轴线A的装有叶片的转子的实施例的局部视图。在该图中，仅示出了转子的环形部分。转子10包括盘状件12，所述盘状件12具有上游端面14和与上游端面14轴向相对的下游端面15。在本公开中，这些端面称为"前"面。它们相对于轴线A大体上径向地延伸。盘状件12还具有在其前面之间延伸的外周面16。
承窝18提供在外周面16中。这些承窝18形成盘状件12的外表面中的凹槽。这些凹槽可以是笔直的或弧形的，相对于轴线A平行或倾斜。它们经由相应的狭槽向外通向外周面16。此外，它们经由开口20向外通向上游前面14和/或下游前面。
盘状件12还具有安装在其周边处的叶片30。每个叶片30具有由翼面34环绕的根部32。在该示例中，平台36从翼面34的基部圆周地延伸。当叶片30紧固在盘状件12上时，其平台36边到边地放置以便形成绕盘状件的旋转轴线A定义回转表面的旋转环。该环的具体功能是定义用于流体在翼面34之间流动的流动通道的内表面。
叶片30通过其根部32紧固到盘状件12，该根部接收在相应的承窝18中。根部32的形状可以与承窝18的形状互补，如在所示出的示例中，其中根部32具有圣诞树形状的横截面。然而，可以使用其它形状，例如楔形榫头形状。在变体中(未示出)，根部32的形状可以仅与一部分互补，并且具体地与承窝18的顶部部分互补。这例如当例如间隔件布置在根部32的与承窝18的底部之间时应用。
根部32沿着与承窝18相同的轨道从其上游面31延伸到其下游面33。当叶片30紧固在承窝18中时，根部32的端面31与盘状件12的开口20和前面14齐平。
涂层40通过热喷涂而沉积在盘状件的前面14的一部分上，使得涂层40还覆盖每个根部32的端面31的一部分。换言之，涂层40沉积在前面14和端面31两者上面。在所示出的示例中，环形涂层40沉积在前面14上，以便覆盖开口20的下部或内部部分上面并且因此覆盖端面31的内部部分。涂层40因此建立盘状件12与叶片30之间的物理连接，该连接足够强以抵抗叶片30相对于盘状件12的轴向移动。
所产生的连接的强度取决于特定于涂层40的强度，并且还取决于盘状件12和叶片30上的涂层40的粘附力。通过热喷涂并且具体通过超音速火焰热喷涂以及例如通过HVOF喷涂来沉积涂层40都有助于具有良好的机械强度的沉积的涂层并且有助于其到盘状件12和叶片30的粘附力。涂层40的粘附力还取决于涂层的材料与盘状件12和叶片30的材料之间的吸引力。例如，在涡轮喷气式飞机类型的航空涡轮发动机中，其中盘状件12和叶片30由镍基超合金制作，涂层40可以例如是MCrAlY类型的镍基合金，因为这些材料存在良好的吸引力。涂层40的机械强度还取决于其厚度。实际上，具有位于0.5mm至1mm范围内的厚度的层给出了机械强度与材料的节约之间的良好折中。
另一涂层41可以以与涂层40相同的方式进行沉积，但是在下游前面15和根部32的端面33上。该涂层41可以额外地沉积在涂层40上，在所示出的示例中，或它可以构成涂层41之外的另一种选择。
在本公开中描述的实施例以非限制性图示的方式给出，并且鉴于本公开，本领域技术人员可以容易地更改这些实施例或设想其它实施例，同时保持在本发明的范围内。
此外，这些实施例的各种特征可以单独或彼此组合地使用。当它们进行组合时，特征可以如在上面描述的那样或以其它方式进行组合，本发明不限于在本公开中设计的特定组合。具体地，除非相反地指定，参考任何一个实施例描述的特征可以以类似的方式应用于任何其它实施例。

Claims (7)

1.一种装有叶片的转子，其包括：
转子盘状件(12)，其存在两个前面(14，15)和外周面(16)、提供在所述外周面(16)中的承窝(18)和向外通向所述两个前面(14，15)中的至少一个的开口；以及
叶片(30)，每个叶片具有所述叶片借以紧固在所述承窝(18)中的根部(32)，当所述叶片紧固在所述承窝中时，所述根部的端面(31)与所述盘状件的所述两个前面(14，15)中的一个大体上齐平；
所述转子的特征在于，涂层(40)沉积在所述盘状件(12)上，以便覆盖所述盘状件的所述两个前面(14，15)中的所述一个的至少一部分和所述根部(32)的所述端面(31)的至少一部分这两者。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装有叶片的转子，其特征在于，所述涂层(40)通过热喷涂进行沉积。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装有叶片的转子，其特征在于，所述涂层(40)通过超音速火焰热喷涂进行沉积。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装有叶片的转子，其特征在于，所述涂层(40)是镍基合金。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装有叶片的转子，其特征在于，所述涂层(40)是MCrAlY类型的合金。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装有叶片的转子，其特征在于，所述涂层(40)的厚度落在0.5mm至1mm范围内。
7.一种涡轮发动机，其包括根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的装有叶片的转子(10)。
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CN112096653B (zh) * 2020-11-18 2021-01-19 中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司 叶片缘板、叶片环、叶轮盘以及燃气涡轮发动机

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CA2932004C (fr) 2021-11-02
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US10858946B2 (en) 2020-12-08
ES2640513T3 (es) 2017-11-03
EP3077626A1 (fr) 2016-10-12
US20160298468A1 (en) 2016-10-13
FR3014477A1 (fr) 2015-06-12
CA2932004A1 (fr) 2015-06-11
RU2660985C1 (ru) 2018-07-11
WO2015082808A1 (fr) 2015-06-11
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FR3014477B1 (fr) 2016-01-08
PL3077626T3 (pl) 2017-11-30

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