CN105812043B - A kind of method for precoding based on channel covariancc feedback - Google Patents

A kind of method for precoding based on channel covariancc feedback Download PDF

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CN105812043B
CN105812043B CN201610298142.XA CN201610298142A CN105812043B CN 105812043 B CN105812043 B CN 105812043B CN 201610298142 A CN201610298142 A CN 201610298142A CN 105812043 B CN105812043 B CN 105812043B
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channel
matrix
information
precoding
energy
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CN105812043A (en
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周雯
范立生
李旭涛
邓单
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Shantou University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/336—Signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0675—Space-time coding characterised by the signaling
    • H04L1/0693—Partial feedback, e.g. partial channel state information [CSI]

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of method for precoding based on channel covariancc feedback, including a transmitter, an intelligence receiver and an energy receiver, transmitter sends data, and information and energy receiver receive data simultaneously.Be in design criteria of the invention: according to the energy requirement and channel statistical information of system, under conditions of meeting energy requirement, design precoding makes system information transmissions rate maximum.Transmitter passes through measurement first and obtains channel covariancc, signal-tonoise information of the transmitting terminal to two receivers respectively；By introducing two auxiliary parameters, a dual function is constructed, converts a dual problem of equal value for precoding Solve problems；To the dual problem, optimal precoding is found out by higher-dimension steepest descent cyclic iterative method.Compared with isotropism transmission plan, when given system capacity requires, the system transfer rate that this method obtains is higher；Information-the energy of this method is also wider wealthy compared with the former up to domain.

Description

A kind of method for precoding based on channel covariancc feedback
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pre- of wireless communication technology field more particularly to a kind of wireless messages and energy joint transmission system Coding method.
Background technique
Energy collection technology can provide energy for wireless sensor network or cellular mobile network, extend device node Life cycle, thus have received widespread attention in recent years.On the other hand, information transmission problem is always the key of communication system and grinds Study carefully hot spot.Therefore, two kinds of technologies combine, and produce the new technology of wireless messages Yu energy joint transmission.
" 2011 annual International Electricals and Electronic Engineering Association's information theory seminar " (" Shannon meets Tesla: Wireless information and power transfer, " IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Austin, Texas, U.S.A, 2011,2363-2367) it how has studied in communication system The problem of joint transmission information of uniting and energy.Based on the available ideal communication channel information of transmitting terminal it is assumed that this article devises reality The circuit system on border provides the specific derivation of system achievable rate-energy domain." International Electrical and Electronic Engineering Association without Line communicates journal " (" Simultaneous wireless infromation and power transfer under Different CSI acquisition schemes, " IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2015,14 (4): 1911-1926) have studied three nodes multi-aerial radio communication system letter Breath with energy joint transmission problem, the system include a sending node and two receiving nodes, respectively to obtain information and Energy.This article has studied three kinds of feelings that transmitting terminal obtains channel information (channel state information, CSI) Condition: known portions CSI when known portions CSI, FDMA are multiplexed when unknown, TDMA is multiplexed, respectively to these case studies energy With message interrupts probability, optimal the ratio between energy transmission period and channel estimation/feedback period are given.
Existing research at present needs instant channel state information, either ideal or non-ideal information mostly.But If channel is rapid fading variation, frequently measurement and feedback channel information will inevitably be brought very to system backhaul link Big burden.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the invention is that providing a kind of precoding based on channel covariancc feedback Method.Channel statistical information-channel transceiver covariance matrix and signal-to-noise ratio can be used, can significantly reduce systematic survey and Feedback overhead.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of precodings based on channel covariancc feedback Method, comprising the following steps:
S1: base station obtains transmitting terminal to the information channel and energy receiver of intelligence receiver respectively within the set time The signal-to-noise ratio of the covariance informations of energy channels, information channel；
S2: initialization iteration index, two auxiliary parameters, step-size in search calculate pre-coding matrix and right according to subalgorithm Even function numerical value is as initial value；
S3: described two auxiliary parameters are updated；
S4: according to described two auxiliary parameters, new pre-coding matrix and dual function number are calculated using the subalgorithm Value；
S5: deciding whether to terminate, when being unsatisfactory for the decision criterion, increase the iteration index according to decision criterion, And step S3 is repeated until terminating, and output precoding matrix.
Wherein, the initialization of the step S2 includes setting iteration index k=0；Auxiliary parameter λ >=0 and μ >=0；Search step Long t meets 0 < t < 1.
Wherein, the subalgorithm comprising steps of
S201: loop initialization indexes i=0；0 < s < 1 of step-size in search randomly chooses a complex matrix as initial Pre-coding matrix, be denoted as W(0)；
S202: the direction of search D (W under current iteration is calculated according to the following formula(i)),
Wherein,It is dimension is NTUnit matrix, NTIt is transmission antenna number, Τ r (x) is Trace Function of Matrix；E(x) It represents to random matrix HDAsk expectation, θRE、θTETransmitting terminal respectively to energy receiver channel receive, channel sends covariance Matrix；HDIt is channel matrix of the transmitting terminal to intelligence receiver, for multiple ND×NTMatrix, is defined as:
In above formula, Hω,DBe a dimension be ND×NTMultiple Gauss random matrix, each element statistical iteration, and obey Equal value zero, the distribution of the multiple Gauss of variance 1, NDIt is the number of antennas of intelligence receiver,It is the noise power of information channel, θR,D、θT,DTransmitting terminal respectively to intelligence receiver channel receive, channel sends covariance matrix；
S203: pre-coding matrix W is updated(i+1):=W(i)+sD(W(i)),
S204: if | L (W(i+1),λ,u)-L(W(i), λ, u) | < ξ, ξ are pre-determined threshold, and algorithm terminates, and export L (W(i+1), λ, u) and W(i+1)；Otherwise increasing loop index, return step S202, function L (W, λ, u) they are Lagrangian, is defined as:
Wherein PTTo send power, εngIt is the energy requirement of energy receiver.
Wherein, the step S3 updates described two auxiliary parameters and updates according to the following formula:
Wherein t is step-size in search.
Wherein, the step S4 dual function is
Wherein, described to determine that criterion passes through the difference of the judgement dual function numerical value that iteration obtains twice | g (λ(k+1),u(k +1))-g(λ(k),u(k)) | whether meet setting thresholding.
The implementation of the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention is by being based on channel covariancc and system noise Than feedback, a kind of method for precoding is provided for information and energy joint transmission system, this method can meet system capacity While needs, the effective lifting system rate of information throughput compares non-precoded method-isotropism transmission method, full When the identical energy requirement of foot, the rate of information throughput that this method obtains is higher；Its information-energy is also broader up to domain.This Invention also has the advantages that feedback quantity is small, overhead is small.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the implementation flow chart of method for precoding of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the subalgorithm flow chart that method for precoding of the present invention is related to；
In Fig. 3 method under three node 2 × 2MIMO system situations with isotropism transmission method performance comparison figure.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made into one below in conjunction with attached drawing Step ground detailed description.
Implementation flow chart shown in referring to Fig.1.
A kind of method for precoding based on channel covariancc feedback of the embodiment of the present invention passes through three nodes a: hair Node, an energy acceptance node and an information receiving node are sent, they are equipped with 2 antennas.
Channel covariance matrices are modeled using classical correlation of indices model, the element of the type matrix position (i, j) For ρ|i-j|, wherein constant ρ is the index of correlation；Correlation matrix θ is setR,E、θT,E、θR,D、θT,DThe index of correlation be respectively 0.4, 0.8,0.3 and 0.5.In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio for also defining system is the signal-to-noise ratio of information channel, i.e.,Here PT is Transmitting terminal sends power,It is information channel noise power, is arranged in emulationIt is 1, system signal noise ratio is set as 5 decibels, because This PT=3.16；The transformation efficiency η of energy receiver is set as 1.
In general, the operation of transmitting terminal is segmented into two stages: training stage and data transmission phase.In training rank Section, transmitting terminal emit pilot signal, and energy and intelligence receiver measure respective channel matrix, calculate transmitting-receiving covariance matrix, Feed back to transmitting terminal；In addition, intelligence receiver also wants the signal-to-noise ratio of feedback information channel.Data phase is being sent, is being sent first End calculates optimal pre-coding matrix W according to the channel information of feedback, then sends out user data multiplied by pre-coding matrix W It goes.
Concrete operations include the following steps:
S1: base station obtains covariance information, the information of information channel and energy channels by the measurement of a period of time respectively The signal-to-noise ratio of channel, here information channel and energy channels respectively refer to transmitting terminal to intelligence receiver and energy receiver letter Road.
S2: initialization iteration index, auxiliary parameter, step-size in search；Pre-coding matrix and right is calculated according to subalgorithm Even function numerical value is as initial value.
Wherein specific steps are as follows:
Iteration index k=0 is set；Auxiliary parameter λ >=0 and u >=0；Step-size in search t meets 0 < t < 1.
The dual function that the step refers to is defined as:
The subalgorithm referred in the step, as shown in Figure 2, comprising:
S201: loop initialization indexes i=0；0 < s < 1 of step-size in search randomly chooses a complex matrix as initial Pre-coding matrix, be denoted as W(0)。
S202: the direction of search D (W under current iteration is calculated according to the following formula(i)),
Wherein, transmission antenna number NTIt is 2, soIt is the unit matrix that dimension is 2；Τ r (x) is Trace Function of Matrix；E (x) it represents to random matrix HDAsk expectation；θR,E、θT,EIt is that transmitting terminal is sent to the channel reception of energy receiver, channel respectively Covariance matrix；HDIt is channel matrix of the transmitting terminal to intelligence receiver, referred to as information channel, is one multiple 2 × 2 matrix,
In above formula, Hω,DIt is one 2 × 2 multiple Gauss random matrix, each element statistical iteration, and the equal value zero of obedience, side Poor 1 multiple Gauss distribution, θR,D、θT,DTransmitting terminal respectively to intelligence receiver channel receive, channel sends covariance matrix.
Finally, it should be noted that calculating D (W(i)) when, several H are generated firstω,DSample, then by each sample This is together with given data W(i), u, λ etc. substitute into D (W(i)) expression formula, calculate be averaging.
S203: pre-coding matrix: W is updated(i+1):=W(i)+sD(W(i))
S204: if | L (W(i+1),λ,u)-L(W(i), λ, u) | < ξ, ξ are pre-determined threshold, and algorithm terminates, and export W(i+1)And g (λ,u)≈L(W(i+1),λ,u)；Otherwise increase loop index, return step S202.Here function L (W, λ, u) is that Lagrange is calculated Son, is defined as:
Above formula εngIt is given energy requirement.It is to be appreciated that calculating L (W(i+1), λ, u) when, and first by Matlab generates several Hω,DSample, then together with given data W(i+1)U, λ etc. substitutes into above formula and is averaging, to substitute desired fortune It calculates.
S3: two auxiliary parameters are updated；
λ(k+1)=max (0, λ(k)+tΔλ(k)),
u(k+1)=max (0, u(k)+tΔu(k)),
S4: according to two auxiliary parameters, new pre-coding matrix and antithesis are calculated using subalgorithm identical with step S2 Function；
S5: the difference by judging the dual function numerical value of iteration acquirement twice, i.e., | g (λ(k+1),u(k+1))-g(λ(k),u(k)) | whether it is less than some pre-determined threshold, to decide whether to terminate algorithm.If being unsatisfactory for criterion, increases iteration index, go to step S3；Otherwise algorithm terminates, output precoding matrix.
It include three nodes a: sending node in the corresponding communication system of method of the invention, an information receives Node and an energy acceptance node, three nodes are equipped with more antennas, are N respectivelyT、NRDAnd NRE.User data x is being sent It needs then to be broadcasted multiplied by a pre-coding matrix W before.In this way, the reception signal of information and energy receiver indicates Formula is write as:
yD=HDWx+nD
yE=HEWx+nE
Wherein, HDIt is ND×NTThe complex matrix of dimension indicates that transmitting terminal to the channel of intelligence receiver, might as well be referred to as information Channel；HEIt is NE×NTThe complex matrix of dimension indicates that transmitting terminal to the channel of energy receiver, might as well be referred to as energy channels；nDIt is NDThe column vector of dimension, is the noise vector of information channel, independent between element, each element obey zero-mean,The multiple height of variance This distribution；nEIt is NEThe column vector of dimension, is the noise vector of information channel, independent between element, each element obey zero-mean, The multiple Gauss of variance is distributed.
After above-mentioned steps are finished, in given energy requirement εngUnder system signal noise ratio, optimal precoding W Just obtain.W is substituted into expression formulaIt can be passed in the hope of system information at this time Defeated rate.
It can be derived from by energy acceptance signal expression, system is in the energy that the unit time obtains
εng=η Tr (WHWθTE)Tr(θRE)
Wherein, constant η is energy conversion efficiency, and Τ r (x) is indicated to Matrix Calculating mark, θTEAnd θREIt is energy channels respectively Send and receive covariance matrix.
The present invention designs precoding W, is meeting energy requirement εngUnder conditions of, maximize rate of information throughput R.
The operation of transmitting terminal is segmented into two stages: training stage and data transmission phase.In the training stage, transmitting terminal Emit pilot signal, energy and intelligence receiver measure respective channel matrix, calculate transmitting-receiving covariance matrix, feed back to transmission End；In addition, intelligence receiver also wants the signal-to-noise ratio of feedback information channel.Transmitting terminal is according to the information received and the receipts of energy channels The signal-to-noise ratio for sending out covariance matrix, information channel, calculates optimal pre-coding matrix W.Then system enters transmission data phase: Transmitting terminal sends user data multiplied by pre-coding matrix W.
As seen from Figure 3, under given energy requirement, the rate of information throughput that the method for the present invention obtains is passed compared with isotropism Transmission scheme is higher；In addition, the reachable information-rate domain of this method is also broader.
Above disclosed is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, cannot limit the power of the present invention with this certainly Sharp range, therefore equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present invention, are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of method for precoding based on channel covariancc feedback, which comprises the following steps:
S1: base station obtains transmitting terminal to the information channel of intelligence receiver and the energy of energy receiver respectively within the set time The signal-to-noise ratio of the covariance information of channel, information channel；
S2: initialization iteration index, two auxiliary parameters, step-size in search calculate pre-coding matrix and antithesis letter according to subalgorithm Number numerical value is as initial value；
S3: described two auxiliary parameters are updated；
S4: according to described two auxiliary parameters, new pre-coding matrix and dual function numerical value are calculated using the subalgorithm；
S5: decide whether to terminate according to decision criterion, when being unsatisfactory for the decision criterion, increase the iteration index, lay equal stress on Multiple step S3 is up to terminating, and output precoding matrix.
2. the method for precoding according to claim 1 based on channel covariancc feedback, which is characterized in that the step S2 Initialization include setting iteration index k=0；Auxiliary parameter λ >=0 and μ >=0；Step-size in search t meets 0 < t < 1.
3. the method for precoding according to claim 1 based on channel covariancc feedback, which is characterized in that the subalgorithm Comprising steps of
S201: loop initialization indexes i=0；0 < s < 1 of step-size in search randomly chooses a complex matrix as initially pre- Encoder matrix is denoted as W(0)；
S202: the direction of search D (W under current iteration is calculated according to the following formula(i)),
Wherein,It is dimension is NTUnit matrix, NTIt is transmission antenna number, Τ r (x) is Trace Function of Matrix；E (x) representative pair Random matrix HDAsk expectation, θRE、θTETransmitting terminal respectively to energy receiver channel receive, channel sends covariance matrix； HDIt is channel matrix of the transmitting terminal to intelligence receiver, for multiple ND×NTMatrix, is defined as:
In above formula, Hω,DBe a dimension be ND×NTMultiple Gauss random matrix, each element statistical iteration, and obey mean value Zero, the multiple Gauss distribution of variance 1, NDIt is the number of antennas of intelligence receiver,It is the noise power of information channel, θR,D、 θT,DTransmitting terminal respectively to intelligence receiver channel receive, channel sends covariance matrix；
S203: pre-coding matrix W is updated(i+1):=W(i)+sD(W(i)),
S204: if | L (W(i+1),λ,u)-L(W(i), λ, u) | < ξ, ξ are pre-determined threshold, and algorithm terminates, and export L (W(i+1), λ, u) and W(i+1)；Otherwise increasing loop index, return step S202, function L (W, λ, u) they are Lagrangian, is defined as:
Wherein PTTo send power, εngIt is the energy requirement of energy receiver.
4. the method for precoding according to claim 1 based on channel covariancc feedback, which is characterized in that the step S3 Described two auxiliary parameters are updated to update according to the following formula:
Wherein t is step-size in search.
5. the method for precoding according to claim 1 based on channel covariancc feedback, which is characterized in that the step S4 Dual function is
6. the method for precoding according to claim 1 based on channel covariancc feedback, which is characterized in that the decision is quasi- Then pass through the difference of the judgement dual function numerical value that iteration obtains twice | g (λ(k+1),u(k+1))-g(λ(k),u(k)) | whether meet and sets Determine thresholding.
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CN106788641B (en) * 2016-12-20 2021-06-25 南京林业大学 Pre-coding transmission method of information and energy combined transmission system
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