CN105553526B - Extensive mimo system pilot length and power combined allocation method - Google Patents

Extensive mimo system pilot length and power combined allocation method Download PDF

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CN105553526B
CN105553526B CN201610045880.3A CN201610045880A CN105553526B CN 105553526 B CN105553526 B CN 105553526B CN 201610045880 A CN201610045880 A CN 201610045880A CN 105553526 B CN105553526 B CN 105553526B
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高西奇
薛昀
江彬
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Southeast University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
    • H04W52/241—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account channel quality metrics, e.g. SIR, SNR, CIR, Eb/lo
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H04W52/32—TPC of broadcast or control channels
    • H04W52/325—Power control of control or pilot channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0473—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being transmission power

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of pilot length of extensive mimo system, pilot power and data power combined distributing methods.Extensive mimo system is reachable and rate is criterion to maximize for this method, it executes respectively and obtains optimal pilot length using linear search method in the case that pilot power and data power are fixed, and optimal pilot power and data power are obtained using linear search method in the case that pilot length is fixed, and by each secondary search result iteration each other, until the convergence of reachable and rate, while obtaining the joint optimum value of pilot length, pilot power and data power.Combined distributing method provided by the invention can improve that receiver is reachable and rate, and computation complexity is low, it is easy to accomplish.

Description

Extensive mimo system pilot length and power combined allocation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of extensive multiple-input and multiple-outputs (multiple-input multiple-output, MIMO) Pilot length, pilot power and the data power combined distributing method of system, more particularly, to 5G (five Generation Mobile Communication Systems) Pilot length, pilot power and the data power combined distributing method of the extensive mimo system in standardized process field.
Background technology
To meet the needs of future mobile communication system is to more high data rate, extensive MIMO wireless transmission schemes It receives significant attention.The normal method of channel state information is obtained as receiving terminal, pilot aided mode is led in transmitting terminal transmission Frequency estimates channel according to reception pilot signal in turn.In the extensive mimo system using pilot aided mode, with minimum Mean square error (minimum mean-square error, MMSE) be criterion channel estimator (MMSE estimators) have with The equivalent performance of maximum a-posteriori estimation device is belonging to linear side by the signal detector (MMSE detectors) of criterion of MMSE In the detector of formula have maximize post-detection SINR (signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, SINR advantage) has significant application value.
Pilot length, pilot power and data power combined distributing method are that optimization wireless communication system receptivity is effective Method.As one of important performance indexes, reachable and rate can be used as the optimization object of combined distributing method.When channel is concerned with Between determine and under the premise of general power is limited, to maximize reachable and rate as criterion, distribution sends pilot length and transmission Power.Traditional combined distributing method for independent same distribution (independent and identical distribution, I.i.d.) channel model proposes, can not describe spatial coherence fading characteristic.Object is carried out for aerial array topological structure The channel statistical model assessment more particularly suitable compared with Utopian i.i.d. channel models that reason angle domain models is reachable and fast Rate.Consider the linear antenna arrays (ULA) at half-wavelength interval.Under angle domain describing mode, the receiving terminal correlation matrix of user It is diagonal matrix, therefore independent different distributions (independent and non-identical are presented in each element of channel matrix Distribution, i.n.d.) statistical model.However, not there is the elder generation of the combined distributing method for i.n.d. channel models Example is open.In addition, traditional combined distributing method only account for maximum ratio merge (maximum-ratio combining, MRC) detector situation is not considered as the MMSE detector situations that performance has more advantage.Traditional method is equal to power point Method of completing the square, because optimal pilot length is equal to single-antenna subscriber number under arbitrary state of signal-to-noise.This is long about pilot tone The conclusion of degree may not be set up in MMSE detectors.
The present invention provides a kind of pilot length and power combined allocation method of extensive mimo system.The method of offer is outstanding To be competent in the case where using MMSE detectors.It is distributed compared with constant power and pilot length is fixed as dividing for single-antenna subscriber number Method of completing the square, the method provided obtain higher reachable and rate.This method computation complexity is low, it is easy to accomplish.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：For problems of the prior art and deficiency, it is low, easy that the present invention provides a kind of computation complexity It is long to obtain pilot tone in the pilot length of the extensive mimo system of realization, pilot power and data power combined distributing method Degree, pilot power and data power combine optimal value.
Technical solution：For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of extensive mimo system pilot length and power combined allocation method, this method is to maximize extensive MIMO System is reachable and rate is criterion, executes utilize linear search side in the case that pilot power and data power are fixed respectively Method obtains optimal pilot length, and obtains optimal pilot power using linear search method in the case that pilot length is fixed And data power, and by each secondary mutual iteration of search result, until the convergence of reachable and rate, long to obtain optimal pilot simultaneously The joint optimum value of degree, pilot power and data power.
The extensive mimo system is reachable and rate isK is transmitting terminal total number of users, RkIt is user k Uplink be averaged achievable rate,And K≤TtIt is concave function under the conditions of ＜ T, and in 0≤pt≤P/TtUnder the conditions of be also Concave function, wherein TtFor pilot length, K is number of users, and T is channel coherency time, ptThe power of pilot tone is sent for user, P is to use The transmission energy at family.
The specific steps that optimal pilot length is wherein obtained using linear search method include：
(11) initialization pilot length Tt (0)=K, pilot power puAnd data power ptValue is that upper wheel iteration acquires most Excellent pilot power and data power, puAnd ptFirst value be meet Ttpt+(T-Tt)puAny positive number of=P；It calculates reachable With the approximation of rate
(12) in given puAnd ptUnder, to maximize reachable and rate as criterion, obtained most using one-dimensional linear searching method Excellent solution Tt *；
(13) it is selected as criterion using maximizing reachable and rateOrFor Tt, the optimal pilot as epicycle iteration Length.
The specific steps that optimal pilot power and data power are wherein obtained using linear search method include：
(21) initialization pilot power puAnd data power pt,Pilot length TtValue is that upper wheel changes The optimal pilot length that generation is acquired, TtFirst value be meet K≤TtThe arbitrary integer of ＜ T；Calculate reachable and rate approximation Value
(22) in given TtUnder, to maximize reachable and rate as criterion, obtained using one-dimensional linear searching method optimal Solve pt, according to Ttpt+(T-Tt)pu=P calculates pu, optimal pilot power and data power as epicycle iteration.
The co-allocation of optimal pilot length, pilot power and data power is acquired based on above-mentioned linear search result iteration Method specifically comprises the following steps：
(1) initialization pilot length Tt (0)=K, pilot powerAnd data powerIteration Number number i=1, and calculate reachable and rate approximation
(2) in given puAnd ptUnder, to maximize reachable and rate as criterion, obtained most using one-dimensional linear searching method Excellent solution Tt *(i)；
(3) it is selected as criterion using maximizing reachable and rateOrFor Tt (i), as the optimal of epicycle iteration Pilot length；
(4) in given Tt (i)Under, to maximize reachable and rate as criterion, obtained using one-dimensional linear searching method optimal SolutionAccording to Ttpt+(T-Tt)pu=P is calculatedOptimal pilot power and data power as epicycle iteration；
(5) basisAnd Tt (i)It calculates
(6) ifLess than threshold value ε, outputAnd Tt (i)For final optimal pilot Length, pilot power and data power；Otherwise, i=i+1 is updated, and goes to step (2).
Advantageous effect：Compared with prior art, pilot length provided by the invention and power distribution method use space phase The angle domain i.n.d. channel models of closing property fading characteristic, and the case where be particularly competent in using MMSE detectors.Compared with etc. Power distribution and pilot length are fixed as the distribution method of single-antenna subscriber number, and the method provided obtains higher reachable and fast Rate.This method computation complexity is low, it is easy to accomplish.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that extensive MIMO up-links pilot length and power joint distribute block diagram；
Fig. 2 is constant power distribution and reachable and rate cumulative distribution comparison diagram under optimal power allocation；
Fig. 3 is reachable when co-allocation, pilot length distribution (constant power) and pilot length fix (constant power) With rate comparison figure.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention Rather than limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, various equivalences of the those skilled in the art to the present invention The modification of form falls within the application range as defined in the appended claims.
The content of embodiment in order to better understand the present invention, be discussed in detail first present invention method based on letter Road model.Fig. 1 gives extensive mimo system uplink multi-users transmission link pilot length and power distribution block diagram.Consider single A cell conditions.Receiving terminal is equipped with the linear array at half-wavelength interval, antenna number M.It sends end subscriber and is equipped with single antenna, use Amount is K.Channel expression between receiving terminal and user k is
In formula, k=1,2 ..., K, βkFor the large-scale decline factor,It is vectorial for fast fading channel,It is composed for the diagonalization variance of user k to receiving terminal channel, diagonal element vkm, m=1,2 ..., M.vkmTable It is up to formula
In formula, ψn=n/M, n=1 ..., M；Sk(θ) is distributed for channel angle domain power, and normalizing condition isVectorial gkCovariance matrix beIt is diagonal matrix.Definition is complete Portion user to receiving terminal channel matrixAnd the correlation matrix of G Be with [R]kk=βktr{Vk}=βkM is the diagonal matrix of diagonal element, and expression formula is R=Mdiag { β1,…,βk,…,βK}。
In the pilot transmission stage, user, which synchronizes, sends orthogonal pilot frequency sequence, and receiving terminal is believed using MMSE as criterion using receiving Number estimation G.The pilot symbol power that each user sends is pt, to send number of symbols as the pilot length of measurement for Tt, lead Frequency matrix isS meets orthogonality condition：SSH=IK.Base station end receives signalExpression formula is
In formula,It is the additivity multiple Gauss noise that each element mean value is zero, variance is 1.It is subject to MMSE Then, it is for the estimator of G
In formula,It is the additivity multiple Gauss noise that each element mean value is zero, variance is 1.DefinitionAndCovariance matrixMultiple Gauss distribution is obeyed, i.e.,
【Formula 6】
In data transfer phase, it is aided withDetector using MMSE as criterion detect user transmission data symbol.With It is T that number of symbols, which is sent, as the channel coherency time of measurement.Therefore, data transmission period T-Tt。For with Family transmission data vector, puFor the power of each user's transmission data, the mean value of x is zero, variance IK.Received vectorExpression formula be
In formula,It is zero for mean value, variance IMAdditivity multiple Gauss noise.Define Cyclic Symmetry multiple Gauss with Machine vectorIts covariance matrix KwIt is expressed as
DefinitionThe post-detection SINR (SINR) of user k is
The uplink of the user k achievable rate that is averaged is
【Formula 10】
In formula,It is coherence time proportionality coefficient.The reachable and rate expression formula of system is
The transmission energy of each user is P, and the condition of satisfaction is shown below.
Ttpt+(T-Tt)pu=P.【Formula 12】
It can be determined with user's average signal-to-noise ratio for SNR=P/T by above formula.
A kind of extensive mimo system pilot length disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention and power combined allocation method, it is main to wrap Include following steps：
Step 1: being calculated according to specific channel model, extensive mimo system is reachable and rate.It is described for the present embodiment Spatial coherence fading characteristic i.n.d. channel models, specific calculating process is as follows：
ρkExpression formula is
【Formula 14】
Expression formula is
In formula,Be each element mean value be zero, the Gaussian vectors that variance is 1.ρkObey Gamma distribution.Probability The form parameter and scale parameter of density function are respectively αkAnd ζk.In order to calculate αkAnd ζk, first calculateCharacteristic value The Stieltjes transformation T (z) of experience distribution.Using iterative numerical method, solves according to following expression.
αkAnd ζkExpression formula it is as follows：
【Formula 19】
RkExpression formula is
【Formula 20】
Definition：It is remained unchanged in number of users K, and when the unbounded growths of receiving terminal number of antennas M, γ → 0。RkExpression formula is
【Formula 21】
It is reachable to be with rate approximate expression
Step 2: to maximize reachable and rate as criterion, optimal pilot length and optimal power allocation value are executed respectively Linear search each secondary search result iteration each other until the convergence of reachable and rate, while being obtained into pilot length, pilot tone work( The joint optimum value of rate and data power.
The linear search of optimal pilot length is fixed in pilot power and data power in this step, with It is criterion to maximize reachable and rate, and optimal pilot length is obtained using linear search method.
The problem of optimal pilot length, is expressed as
【Formula 23】
ForAbout TtSecond dervative.Due to And Under the conditions of be concave function.Still it is the property of concave function using the sum of concave function,It is also concave function.Therefore, optimal pilot The method that one-dimensional linear search may be used in the optimization problem of length obtains optimal solutionThen reachable and fast to maximize Rate is that criterion existsAndBetween select.
For【Formula 23】The pilot length optimization problem of description, pilot length distribution method provided by the invention specifically walk Suddenly it can be summarized as follows：
The linear search of optimal power allocation value is fixed in pilot length in this step, reachable to maximize Rate is criterion, and optimal pilot power and data power are obtained using linear search method.
The problem of optimal power allocation, is expressed as
ForAbout TtSecond dervative.Due toIn 0≤pt≤P/TtCondition Under be concave function.Still it is the property of concave function using the sum of concave function,It is also concave function.Therefore, optimal power allocation The problem of can use the method search optimal solution p that one-dimensional linear is searched foruAnd pt.For【Formula 24】The power optimization problem of description, Power distribution method specific steps provided by the invention can be summarized as follows：
The comprehensive optimization of pilot length above and optimal power allocation optimization problem, pilot length and power joint assignment problem It is expressed as
【Formula 25】
The present invention provides a kind of combined distributing method, and this method is iteratively performed optimal pilot length and optimum allocation power Linear search, until the convergence of reachable and rate.Using obtained pilot length, pilot power and data power as co-allocation Optimal value.For【Formula 25】The combined optimization problem of description, iterative algorithm specific steps provided by the invention can be summarized as follows：
In order to verify the method for the present invention validity existing method compared with advantage, done the experiment of following simulation comparison. Fig. 2 is that constant power distribution is respectively set to 10dB with reachable and rate cumulative distribution comparison diagram, general power under optimal power allocation And 20dB.As can be seen from the figure power distribution method provided by the invention makes reachable and rate mean value improve 4bits/s/ Hz.Fig. 3 is reachable and rate when co-allocation, pilot length distribution (constant power) and pilot length fix (constant power) Comparison diagram.As can be seen from the figure combined distributing method of the invention is reachable in SNR=20dB and rate can improve 4bits/s/Hz, optimal pilot length are close to K.In SNR=10dB, reachable and rate can improve 5bits/s/Hz, optimal Pilot length is more than K.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of extensive mimo system pilot length and power combined allocation method, which is characterized in that this method is to maximize Extensive mimo system is reachable and rate is criterion, executes utilize in the case that pilot power and data power are fixed respectively Linear search method obtains optimal pilot length, and is obtained most using linear search method in the case that pilot length is fixed Excellent pilot power and data power, and by each secondary mutual iteration of search result, until reachable and rate restrains, to obtain simultaneously The joint optimum value of optimal pilot length, pilot power and data power；
The extensive mimo system is reachable and rate isK is transmitting terminal total number of users, RkIt is the uplink of user k Average achievable rate,And K≤TtIt is concave function under the conditions of ＜ T, and in 0≤pt≤P/TtUnder the conditions of be also concave function, Wherein TtFor pilot length, K is number of users, and T is channel coherency time, ptThe power of pilot tone is sent for user, P is the hair of user Send energy；
It is described to refer to each secondary mutual iteration of search result：Optimal pilot length is searched in fixed pilot power and data power When, pilot power and data power value take turns the optimal pilot power and data power that iteration acquires to be upper；It is long in fixed pilot tone Pilot length value is the optimal pilot length that upper wheel iteration acquires when degree search optimal pilot power and data power.
2. extensive mimo system pilot length according to claim 1 and power combined allocation method, which is characterized in that It is fixed in pilot power and data power in the combined distributing method, it is obtained most using linear search method The specific steps of excellent pilot length include：
(11) initialization pilot length Tt (0)=K, pilot power puAnd data power ptValue is optimal leading of acquiring of upper wheel iteration Frequency power and data power, puAnd ptFirst value be meet Ttpt+(T-Tt)puAny positive number of=P；It calculates reachable and fast The approximation of rate
(12) in given puAnd ptUnder, to maximize reachable and rate as criterion, optimal solution is obtained using one-dimensional linear searching method Tt *；
(13) it is selected as criterion using maximizing reachable and rateOrFor Tt, the optimal pilot as epicycle iteration is long Degree.
3. extensive mimo system pilot length according to claim 1 and power combined allocation method, which is characterized in that It is fixed in pilot length in the combined distributing method, obtain optimal pilot power using linear search method And the specific steps of data power include：
(21) initialization pilot power puAnd data power pt,Pilot length TtValue is that upper wheel iteration is asked The optimal pilot length obtained, TtFirst value be meet K≤TtThe arbitrary integer of ＜ T；Calculate reachable and rate approximation
(22) in given TtUnder, to maximize reachable and rate as criterion, optimal solution p is obtained using one-dimensional linear searching methodt, According to Ttpt+(T-Tt)pu=P calculates pu, optimal pilot power and data power as epicycle iteration.
4. extensive mimo system pilot length according to claim 1 and power combined allocation method, which is characterized in that The method specifically comprises the following steps：
(1) initialization pilot length Tt (0)=K, pilot powerAnd data power Iterations Number i=1, and calculate reachable and rate approximation
(2) in given puAnd ptUnder, to maximize reachable and rate as criterion, optimal solution is obtained using one-dimensional linear searching method Tt *(i)；
(3) it is selected as criterion using maximizing reachable and rateOrFor Tt (i), the optimal pilot as epicycle iteration Length；
(4) in given Tt (i)Under, to maximize reachable and rate as criterion, optimal solution is obtained using one-dimensional linear searching methodAccording to Ttpt+(T-Tt)pu=P is calculatedOptimal pilot power and data power as epicycle iteration；
(5) basisAnd Tt (i)It calculates
(6) ifLess than threshold value ε, outputAnd Tt (i)For final optimal pilot length, Pilot power and data power；Otherwise, i=i+1 is updated, and goes to step (2).
5. extensive mimo system pilot length according to claim 1 and power combined allocation method, which is characterized in that The channel model of the mimo system uses independent different distributions channel model,Wherein ρkFor the post-detection SINR of user k.
6. extensive mimo system pilot length according to claim 5 and power combined allocation method, which is characterized in that ρkObey Gamma distribution, RkApproximate expressionIt is expressed as：In formula, αkAnd ζkPoint Not Wei probability density function form parameter and scale parameter.
7. extensive mimo system pilot length according to claim 6 and power combined allocation method, which is characterized in thatCalculation formula be：
Wherein, puPower sending data for users, βkFor large-scale decline factor expression, vkiIt is i-th of user's k channel vectors Element variance.
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