CN105807446A - Optical method for correcting tubular visual field - Google Patents
Optical method for correcting tubular visual field Download PDFInfo
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- CN105807446A CN105807446A CN201610241983.7A CN201610241983A CN105807446A CN 105807446 A CN105807446 A CN 105807446A CN 201610241983 A CN201610241983 A CN 201610241983A CN 105807446 A CN105807446 A CN 105807446A
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- Prior art keywords
- visual field
- tubular
- eye
- eyeglass
- patient
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
- G02C7/024—Methods of designing ophthalmic lenses
- G02C7/027—Methods of designing ophthalmic lenses considering wearer's parameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
- G02C7/04—Contact lenses for the eyes
Abstract
The invention relates to an optical method for correcting a tubular visual field. The method comprises the steps that by means of eye axis data of actual human eyes and combination of a Gullstrand-LeGrand eye optical model, a personalized eye model according with human eye optical properties is constructed by means of optical design software; aspheric surface type setting is conducted on a lens, optimization is conducted on a whole lens-eye optical system in different view fields respectively, and a field angle according with direct sight of normal eyes is obtained. By means of the optical method for correcting the tubular visual field, the problem of the tubular visual fields of patients with late-stage glaucoma and primary retinal pigment degeneration can be solved, the visual fields of the patients are expanded, and the problem that the patients walk difficultly due to the vision tubular form is solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tubular visual field correcting technology field, the late period especially for retinal ganglial cells damage is blue or green
The technical field of patient's field expander of the primary pigmentary degeneration of the retina of light eye and retinal photoreceptor cells damage.
Background technology
Along with growth in the living standard and the progress of science and technology, the average life of the mankind improves constantly, and majority state is slow
Slowly entering aging society, China has also marched toward aging society.Due to the control of infectious eye disease, ophthalmology degeneration and change
Property disease becomes old people Yi Fa and common disease, especially glaucoma: pathologic Bulbi hypertonia causes retina neural
The apoptosis of ganglion cell is the most dead, thus causes the retrograde pathological changes of optic nerve, distinctive defect of visual field occurs, late period green light
The visual field of eye patient often appears as tubular visual field;Another kind of oculopathy is primary pigmentary degeneration of the retina: due to retina sense
The apoptosis of photo-cell or death, also there will be the visual field and be gradually reduced, and late period also can show as tubular visual field.Both oculopathy in late period
All can reduce the quality of life of old people and add potential safety hazard and vehicle accident incidence rate, particularly give each family and
Society adds corresponding burden, and therefore, the field expander vision correcting technology studying this tubular visual field is significant.
The various object of nature, under the irradiation of light, can be reflected the light that light and shade is different, then be entered by cornea
Enter ophthalmic, through the refraction of refractive media (aqueous humor, crystalline lens and vitreous body), imaging the most on the retina, then retina
The stimulation of these light is changed into neural impulse, through Optic nerve pathway incoming brain occipital lobe visual centre.Visual transduction leads to
It route 3 grades of neuron compositions.1st grade of neuron is amphiblestroid bipolar cell, props up about and cone cell and rod cell
Forming synapse, central branch forms synapse with retinal ganglial cells.2nd grade of neuron is retinal ganglial cells, its axle
Set at papilla of optic nerve of dashing forward is worn sclera backward and is formed optic nerve.Optic nerve to after enter cranial cavity through optic canal, formed to regard and hand over
After fork, prolong as tractus opticus.In optic chiasma, only some fiber crossovers, i.e. from the fiber crossovers of two eyes retina nasal sides half,
Walk in offside tractus opticus;Not intersecting of temporo side half, walk in homonymy tractus opticus.Therefore, left side tractus opticus contains from two eyes retinas
The fiber in left side half, right side tractus opticus contains from the fiber of half on the right side of two eyes retinas.Tractus opticus majority fiber terminates in outside knee
Body.The cell space of 3rd level neuron is in lateral geniculate body, and the aixs cylinder that they send forms optic radiation, terminates at brain calcarine sulcus
Occipital cortex around, thus form vision.
If retinal photoreceptor cells particularly rod cell and/or ganglionic cell are impaired, can gradually cause corresponding
Defect of visual field, severe patient can form tubular visual field, and this visual field damage is irreversible, by medicine, laser and
Operation is impossible to allow the visual field of defect reverse, and does not the most also have any method that the visual field of defect can be allowed to reverse.Logical
Crossing operation to reduce intraocular pressure and attempt to expand wide-field method, operation risk is big, it is impossible to ensure that patient recovers vision, and preoperative very
Difficulty determines that what degree the intraocular pressure of postoperative patient can be reduced to, and more cannot judge whether the effect that can have improvement to the visual field.So far,
The most also do not have a kind of lossless physical method can expand the visual field of tubular visual field patient.Patent of the present invention passes through hurtless measure
Optical means---wear a kind of custom-designed optical glasses to expand the field range of tubular visual field patient.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to overcome deficiencies of the prior art, it is provided that a kind of lossless light correcting tubular visual field
Method---expand tubular visual field by wearing custom-designed glasses, and realize retina blur-free imaging.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of optical means correcting tubular visual field, described optical means is to wear special optical glasses, described
Glasses are designed by following method:
1st step, thickness by tubular visual field patient's axis oculi each several part, length, curvature and refractive index data substitute into
Gullstrand-Le Grand optics of the eye model;
2nd step, before above-mentioned optics of the eye model retina, insert the diaphragm of different radii to simulate tubular visual field patient people
Eye imaging contexts;
3rd step, eyeglass is set before above-mentioned 1st step tubular visual field patient's eye model, eyeglass and optics of the eye model are considered as
Unified mirror-optics of the eye system;
4th step, the angle of visual field is set for human eye blur-free imaging visual field size and tubular visual field imaging patients visual field size
θ;
5th step, surface before and after eyeglass described in the 3rd step is disposed as aspheric surface.With under normal eye's photopic conditions
Areas imaging in blur-free imaging be target, before and after eyeglass, the curvature on surface, thickness and face shape parameter are as variable, right
Eyeglass is optimized, and design meets the eyeglass expanding the tubular visual field imaging patients visual field.
Wherein, the human eye blur-free imaging angle of visual field size described in the 4th step is 7 °, i.e. areas imaging is ± 7 °.Described tubulose
Visual field imaging patients angle of visual field θ size specifically sets with conditions of patients, is typically set to 0 ° of < θ < 7 °.
The optical means of described rectification tubular visual field is applicable not only to the tubular visual field patient of twenty-twenty vision, by mirror
The personalized designs of sheet, the method can be applicable to hypermetropia, myopia, the tubular visual field patient of astigmatism vision.Described
Propertyization design is that thickness, length and the curvature data of tubular visual field patient's axis oculi each several part described in above-mentioned 1st step are changed into following
Content: utilize ophthalmology Lenstar somascope and ophthalmology A-mode ultrasonic calibrator, measures patient's cornea, aqueous humor, crystalline lens and glass
The thickness of body and the length of axis oculi, and these data are substituted into Gullstrand-Le Grand optics of the eye model;And suffer from this
Corneal curvature and corneal topography diagram data that person is personalized replace the true eye cornea in optics of the eye model described in above-mentioned 1st step
Face type.
The glasses worn can be with right and wrong contact lens (frame eyeglasses) or contact lens (contact lens).
This eyeglass can be single aspherical lens, glued mirror or the combination of multiple eyeglass.
Design described in 5th step meets the eyeglass expanding the tubular visual field imaging patients visual field, and wherein eyeglass front and rear surfaces is non-
Spherical surface type is even aspheric surface: " Even Asphere ", and its expression formula is as follows:
Wherein, Z is the rise in somewhere, surface;C is the inverse of the curvature on aspheric surface summit, i.e. radius of curvature R;R=(x2+
y2)1/2Represent the radial distance leaving optical axis;K is the constant of the cone;α2, α4, α6..., α16For aspheric high-order term coefficient.
The material of described eyeglass can be optical glass, resin or plastic material.
Described eyeglass is applied to tubular visual field patient, can increase the visual range of patient, it is possible in visual range
Obtain the high-resolution image of high-resolution.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect:
The present invention can correct tubular visual field by the method (method with physics, lossless) wearing Special spectacles,
Expand the visual field of patient, improve the visual effect of patient, reduce the inconvenience of action and possible personal safety.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is non-contact lens-optics of the eye system structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the recruitment evaluation figure wearing noncontact mirror based on detection plate, and wherein, a detects plate schematic diagram, and b looks at 7 ° straight
The design sketch of normal eye's retina image-forming during visual field, 3.5 ° of tubular visual field patient's retina image-forming figures of c, d tubular visual field patient
The design sketch of retina image-forming after wearing noncontact mirror 1.
Fig. 3 is the MTF curve of non-contact lens 1-optics of the eye system.
Fig. 4 is the MTF curve of non-contact lens 2-eye system.
Fig. 5 is contact lens-optics of the eye system structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the recruitment evaluation figure of wearing contact lenses based on detection plate, wherein, 5.5 ° of tubular visual field patient's retinas of a
Image, the design sketch of retina image-forming after b tubular visual field patient-worn's contact lens.
Fig. 7 is the MTF curve of contact lens-eye system.
Wherein, 1 eyeglass, 2 corneas, 3 represent aqueous humor, 4 crystalline lenses, 5 vitreous body, 6 retinas.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is further described.
A kind of optical means correcting tubular visual field, comprises the following steps:
(1) thickness of tubular visual field patient's axis oculi each several part, length, curvature and refractive index data are substituted into
Gullstrand-Le Grand optics of the eye model;
In this step, the human eye for improper vision tubular visual field patient uses ophthalmology Lenstar somascope and eye
The each several part length of patient's axis oculi measured by section's A-mode ultrasonic calibrator, including cornea, aqueous humor, crystalline lens, vitreous body in axis oculi direction
Thickness, then by the thickness of axis oculi each several part of this patient, length and curvature data substitute into Gullstrand-Le Grand eye
Optical model;And use this patient personalized anterior corneal surface curvature and corneal topography diagram data, replace Gullstrand-Le
Cornea face type in Grand optics of the eye model.
(2) diaphragm inserting different radii before above-mentioned optics of the eye model retina becomes with simulation tubular visual field patient's human eye
As situation;
(3) eyeglass is set before the patient's optics of the eye model of the above described tubular visual field, eyeglass and optics of the eye model is considered as unified
Mirror-optics of the eye system;
(4) certain visual field is set for human eye blur-free imaging visual field size and tubular visual field imaging patients visual field size
Angle θ;
(5) surface before and after eyeglass is disposed as aspheric surface.With in the areas imaging under normal eye's photopic conditions
Blur-free imaging is target, and before and after eyeglass, the curvature on surface, thickness and face shape parameter are as variable, carry out excellent to eyeglass
Changing, design meets the eyeglass expanding the tubular visual field imaging patients visual field.
Before and after eyeglass described in the present embodiment, the aspheric surface face type on surface is even aspheric surface: " Even Asphere ", table
Reach formula as follows:
Wherein, Z is the rise in somewhere, surface;C is the curvature on aspheric surface summit, is the inverse of radius of curvature R;R=(x2+
y2)1/2Represent the radial distance leaving optical axis;K is the constant of the cone;α2, α4, α6..., α16For aspheric high-order term coefficient.
Wherein, the human eye blur-free imaging angle of visual field size described in the 4th step is 7 °, i.e. areas imaging is ± 7 °.Described
Tubular visual field imaging patients angle of visual field θ size specifically sets with conditions of patients, is typically set to 0 ° of < θ < 7 °.
The embodiment of the present invention devises different glasses to the tubular visual field patient of twenty-twenty vision, gives its effect.
The optical parametric of twenty-twenty vision people's axis oculi each several part is as shown in table 1.
The optical parametric of table 1 normal eye's model
Embodiment 1
As a example by noncontact mirror, the tubular visual field patient for twenty-twenty vision devises a kind of noncontact mirror.Wherein diaphragm
It is set to 1.2mm, the incident ray of corresponding 3.5 °.Its structure is as it is shown in figure 1, wherein, and 1 represents the eyeglass of design, and 2 represent corneas, and 3
Representing anterior chamber, 4 represent crystalline lens, and 5 represent vitreous body, and 6 represent retina.The light of the noncontact mirror 1 according to above-mentioned steps design
Parameter is as shown in table 2.Wherein, R is front surface radius of curvature, α2For front surface second order coefficient, α4For front surface quadravalence coefficient, n
Representing lens index, R ' represents rear surface radius of curvature, α2' for rear surface second order coefficient, α4' for rear surface quadravalence coefficient, d
For lens thickness, D represents eyeglass semiaperture.Just can process according to the parameter in this table and meet this patient's tubular visual field of rectification
Eyeglass.Parameter (formula expression is slightly), other coefficient not be given in table 2 as shown by the data in table 2 that formula (1) is inner
It is 0.
The optical parametric of table 2 noncontact mirror 1
R(mm) | α2 | α4 | R′(mm) | α2 | α4′ |
-3.5698 | -0.2849 | 0.0014 | -6.1153 | -0.2133 | 0.0003 |
n | d(mm) | D(mm) | |||
1.7440 | 6.0000 | 10.0000 |
In order to eyeglass that the present invention the designs rectification effect to tubular visual field is described intuitively, the present invention devises an inspection
Drafting board, its schematic diagram is as shown in a in Fig. 2.Figure carrys out the corresponding entrance human-eye model difference number of degrees with the center of black rectangle block
Light, from left to right with corresponding-7 ° respectively of the center of black rectangle block from top to bottom ,-3.5 °, 0 °, 3.5 ° and 7 °.
The design sketch of normal eye's retina image-forming, 3.5 ° of tunnel visions when b, c and d in Fig. 2 is respectively 7 ° of visual fields of direct-view
The design sketch of retina image-forming after wild patient's retina image-forming figure and tubular visual field patient-worn's noncontact mirror 1.Contrast c and d
It can be seen that after the eyeglass having worn design, the angle of visual field of tubular visual field patient can rise to direct-view 7 ° from direct-view 3.5 °,
Can be close to the visual effect of normal eye.
It addition, the MTF characteristic curve that the rectification effect of tubular visual field can also pass through mirror-optics of the eye system is passed judgment on.Fig. 3
The MTF curve of noncontact mirror 1-eye system when giving direct-view 0 °, direct-view 3.5 ° and look at 7 ° of visual fields straight, in figure, T represents meridian
Direction, S represents sagitta of arc direction.The characteristic of some MTF that table 3 is extracted in Fig. 3.From Fig. 3 and Biao 3 it can be seen that system
Mtf value be both greater than 0.1, illustrate that this system can meet the resolution requirement of human eye.In Fig. 2, the result of d and Fig. 3 shows, wears
After this noncontact mirror, not only tubular visual field imaging patients visual field expanded, image quality also keeps good.
The mtf value of table 3 noncontact mirror 1 mirror-optics of the eye system
Embodiment 2:
As a example by noncontact mirror, the tubular visual field patient for twenty-twenty vision devises another kind of noncontact mirror.This eyeglass
The refraction materials different from the first noncontact mirror in embodiment 1 is have selected when design.Wherein diaphragm is still set to 1.2mm,
The incident ray of corresponding 3.5 °.Table 4 is the optical parametric of the another kind of noncontact mirror 2 of design, and wherein R is front surface curvature half
Footpath, α2For front surface second order coefficient, α4For front surface quadravalence coefficient, n represents lens index, and R ' represents rear surface radius of curvature,
α2' for rear surface second order coefficient, α4' for rear surface quadravalence coefficient, d is lens thickness, and D represents eyeglass semiaperture.Formula (1) is inner
Parameter be shown in Table 4 (formula expression is slightly).Just can process according to the parameter in this table and meet this patient's tubular visual field of rectification
Eyeglass.Parameter (formula expression is slightly), other coefficient not be given in table 4 as shown by the data in Table 4 that formula (1) is inner
It is 0.
The MTF curve of noncontact mirror 2-eye system when Fig. 4 gives direct-view 0 °, direct-view 3.5 ° and looks at 7 ° of visual fields straight, figure
In, T represents that meridian direction, S represent sagitta of arc direction.The characteristic of some MTF that table 5 is extracted in Fig. 4.Can from Fig. 4 and Biao 5
To find out, the mtf value of system is both greater than 0.1, illustrates that this system can meet the resolution requirement of human eye.Tubular visual field patient's view
After film image and tubular visual field patient-worn's contact lens 2, the design sketch of retina image-forming is identical with c and d in Fig. 2, therefore no longer
Be given.
The optical parametric of table 4 noncontact mirror 2
R(mm) | α2 | α4 | R′(mm) | α2′ | α4′ |
-5.286 | 0.163 | 0.0009 | -7.1938 | 0.2096 | 0.0004 |
n | d(mm) | D(mm) | |||
2.0017 | 3.8237 | 10.0000 |
The mtf value of table 5 noncontact mirror 2 mirrors-optics of the eye system
Embodiment 3:
It addition, the present invention is as a example by contact lens, the tubular visual field patient for twenty-twenty vision devises a kind of contact lens.Its
Middle diaphragm is set to 1.8mm, and the corresponding angle of visual field is about 5.5 °.Structural representation is as it is shown in figure 5, wherein, and 1 represents the eyeglass of design, and 2
Representing cornea, 3 represent aqueous humor, and 4 represent crystalline lens, and 5 represent vitreous body, and 6 represent retina.Optics according to above-mentioned steps design
Parameter is as shown in table 6, and wherein R is front surface radius of curvature, α2For second order coefficient, α4For quadravalence coefficient, n represents lens index,
D is lens thickness, and D represents eyeglass semiaperture.Just can process according to the parameter in this table and meet this patient's tunnel vision of rectification
Wild eyeglass.The parameter (formula expression is slightly) as shown in the data in table 6 that formula (1) is inner, other not be given in table 6 is
Number is 0.
In Fig. 6, a and b is respectively 5.5 ° of tubular visual field patient's retina image-forming figures and tubular visual field patient-worn's contact lens
The design sketch of rear retina image-forming.A and b in comparison diagram 6 it can be seen that worn design eyeglass after, tubular visual field patient
The angle of visual field can from direct-view 5.5 ° rise to direct-view 7 °, can be close to the visual effect of normal eye.Fig. 7 gives direct-view
The MTF curve of contact lens-optics of the eye system when 0 °, direct-view 3.5 ° and 7 ° of visual fields of direct-view, in figure, T represents meridian direction, S table
Show sagitta of arc direction.The characteristic of some MTF that table 7 is extracted in Fig. 7.From Fig. 7 and Biao 7 it can be seen that the mtf value of system all
More than 0.1, illustrate that this system can meet the resolution requirement of human eye.In Fig. 6, the result of b and Fig. 7 shows, wears this contact lens
After, not only tubular visual field imaging patients visual field expanded, image quality also keeps good.
The optical parametric of 6 one kinds of contact lenss of table
R(mm) | α2 | α4 | n | d(mm) | D(mm) |
7.8843 | 0.4632 | -0.0002 | 1.6204 | 0.2600 | 3.0000 |
The MFT value of table 7 contact lens mirror-optics of the eye system
。
Claims (9)
1. the optical means correcting tubular visual field, it is characterised in that described optical means is to wear special optical eye
Mirror, described glasses are designed by following method:
1st step, thickness by tubular visual field patient's axis oculi each several part, length, curvature and refractive index data substitute into Gullstrand-
Le Grand optics of the eye model;
2nd step, before above-mentioned optics of the eye model retina, insert the diaphragm of different radii become with simulation tubular visual field patient's human eye
As situation;
3rd step, eyeglass is set before the 1st step tubular visual field patient's optics of the eye model, eyeglass and optics of the eye model is considered as unified
Mirror-optics of the eye system;
4th step, angle of visual field θ is set for human eye blur-free imaging visual field size and tubular visual field imaging patients visual field size;
5th step, surface before and after eyeglass described in the 3rd step is disposed as aspheric surface;With the one-tenth under normal eye's photopic conditions
In the range of Xiang, blur-free imaging is target, and before and after eyeglass, the curvature on surface, thickness and face shape parameter are as variable, to eyeglass
Being optimized, design meets the eyeglass expanding the tubular visual field imaging patients visual field.
2. the optical means correcting tubular visual field as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the human eye described in the 4th step is clear
Imaging viewing field angle size is 7 °, i.e. areas imaging is ± 7 °.
3. the optical means correcting tubular visual field as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the tubular visual field described in the 4th step
Imaging patients angle of visual field θ size specifically sets with conditions of patients, is typically set to 0 ° < θ < 7 °.
4. the optical means correcting tubular visual field as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the method is applicable not only to normally
The tubular visual field patient of vision, by the personalized designs to eyeglass, the method applies also for regarding with hypermetropia, myopia, astigmatism
The tubular visual field patient of power, described personalized designs is intended to the thickness of tubular visual field patient's axis oculi each several part, length described in the 1st step
Degree and curvature data change herein below into: utilize ophthalmology Lenstar somascope and ophthalmology A-mode ultrasonic calibrator, measure patient angle
Film, aqueous humor, crystalline lens and Vitrea thickness and the length of axis oculi, and these data are substituted into Gullstrand-Le
Grand optics of the eye model;And replace optics of the eye described in the 1st step with this patient personalized corneal curvature and corneal topography diagram data
True eye cornea face type in model.
5. the optical means of the rectification tubular visual field as described in any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterised in that the glasses worn
It is non-contact lens i.e. frame eyeglasses, or contact lens.
6. the optical means of the rectification tubular visual field as described in any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterised in that the mirror of described glasses
Sheet is single aspherical lens, glued mirror or the combination of multiple eyeglass.
7. according to the optical means of the rectification tubular visual field described in any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterised in that: described in the 5th step
It is even aspheric surface that design meets the aspheric surface face type on surface before and after the eyeglass expanding the tubular visual field imaging patients visual field:
" EvenAsphere ", expression formula is as follows:
Wherein, Z is the rise in somewhere, surface;C is the curvature on aspheric surface summit, is the inverse of radius of curvature R;R=(x2+y2)1/2
Represent the radial distance leaving optical axis;K is the constant of the cone;α2, α4, α6..., α16For aspheric high-order term coefficient.
8. the optical means of the rectification tubular visual field as described in any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterised in that the material of described eyeglass
Material is optical glass, resin or plastic material.
9. the optical means of the rectification tubular visual field as described in any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterised in that described eyeglass should
For tubular visual field patient, it is possible to increase the visual range of patient, it is possible to obtain high-resolution in visual range high-resolution
Image.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2020153912A1 (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2020-07-30 | Arslan Umut | A visual field expander optical eyeglasses system |
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US6220704B1 (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 2001-04-24 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Progressive power lens |
US20050099596A1 (en) * | 2003-02-19 | 2005-05-12 | Kazutoshi Kato | Progressive refractive power lens |
CN1815286A (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-09 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Method of designing a spectacle lens |
CN1831582A (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-13 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Method of designing progressive diopter lens group |
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2016
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US6220704B1 (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 2001-04-24 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Progressive power lens |
US20050099596A1 (en) * | 2003-02-19 | 2005-05-12 | Kazutoshi Kato | Progressive refractive power lens |
CN1815286A (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-09 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Method of designing a spectacle lens |
CN1831582A (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-13 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Method of designing progressive diopter lens group |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020153912A1 (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2020-07-30 | Arslan Umut | A visual field expander optical eyeglasses system |
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