CN105803201A - Single-step metallurgical flash furnace and metallurgical method - Google Patents
Single-step metallurgical flash furnace and metallurgical method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105803201A CN105803201A CN201610283937.3A CN201610283937A CN105803201A CN 105803201 A CN105803201 A CN 105803201A CN 201610283937 A CN201610283937 A CN 201610283937A CN 105803201 A CN105803201 A CN 105803201A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/0047—Smelting or converting flash smelting or converting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
Abstract
The invention provides a single-step metallurgical flash furnace. The single-step metallurgical flash furnace comprises a reaction tower, and a spraying nozzle is arranged at the top of the reaction tower; the lower portion of the reaction tower is connected with one end of a molten pool, and a rising flue is arranged above the other end of the molten pool; and a gas guide-in device is arranged at the lower half portion of the reaction tower and used for guiding in reducing gas, and a reducing gas cushion layer is formed in space at the lower portion of the reaction tower. By means of the single-step metallurgical flash furnace, to-be-smelted metallic oxide and Fe3O4 in mineral are almost reduced into metal and FeO completely through the arrangement of the reducing gas cushion layer, the amount of to-be-smelted metal in slag is extremely low, the character of the furnace slag is improved, the viscidity of the furnace slag is reduced, and discharging is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology field, especially relates to the metallurgical Flash Smelting Furnace of an a kind of step and a step metallurgical method.
Background technology
In field of metallurgy, being generated crude metal by sulfide metal concentrate generally will through two step, i.e. melting blowing, traditional method is to be divided among in different device to carry out by melting and blowing, as bath smelting+PS bessemerize, flash smelting+flash blowing etc., these traditional handicrafts all exist that long flow path, energy consumption be high and SO2The problems such as flue gas low vacancy pollution.Thus have people to advocate the whole smelting process i.e. step smelting completed in a metallurgical plant from metal concentrate to crude metal output, and carried out the trial of some industrialization:
In copper sulfurized ore field of smelting, the flash smelting technique being directly produced blister copper exactly by copper concentrate that the OlympicDam smeltery of Australia, the Glogow smeltery of Poland and the KCM smeltery of Zambia adopt, the ultimate principle smelted is by regulating oxygen/material than the degree of oxidation controlling copper sulfide concentrate, being directly produced blister copper, the blister copper copper content obtained is about 98.5%.But these methods also have a common feature, it is simply that in the slag producing discharge, Cu2The content of O typically over 15%, Fe3O4Content is 30%～50%, then can increase investment and production cost to reclaim the copper in slag, if not reclaiming and can cause the significant wastage of resource, and slag is containing Fe3O4Height, can make the property deterioration (slag melting point raises, proportion increases, viscosity increases) of slag.For reducing Cu in slag2O and Fe3O4Content, also have tried in melt upper berth one, Flash Smelting Furnace molten bath coke charge layer of charcoal for reducing in flash furnace reaction tower by snperoxiaized Cu oxide, from realizing a step copper metallurgy, but the shortcoming of the method is coke can restore substantial amounts of ferrum simultaneously, so that iron content is higher in blister copper, follow-up also needing to carries out deironing refine, simultaneously, the method needs to expend substantial amounts of coke, and energy consumption is higher.
In plumbous sulphide ore field of smelting, base husband's Saite method is a kind of single step smelting lead method.The big Saite stove of base is made up of two reaction zones, is provided with partition wall, respectively oxidation reaction zone, partition wall both sides and electric furnace reduction district in stove.Fused materials realizes the reduction of first stage through weld pool surface coke layer, lead skim mixture enter back into liquid phase connection electric furnace reduction district, the lead oxides in slag under strong reducing condition by secondary reduction.Base husband's Saite furnace gas is separated by partition wall, and oxidation panel flue gas is containing SO2Height, reduction section flue gas is mainly containing CO and CO2.Slag and lead bullion are released by the outlet of reducing zone diverse location.Base husband's Saite stove essence is that Flash Smelting Furnace and electric furnace are joined together to carry out melting, utilizing electric furnace that the zinc in slag and lead carry out reduction dilution, the flue gas of this technique oxidation panel and reduction section must be divided into two classes to carry out vent gas treatment respectively, and whole technological process is complicated, complete equipment investment is big, and energy consumption is high.
In Ni sulphide mine field of smelting, a step nickel metallurgy or a step is not also had to smelt the industry trial of monel at present.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is contemplated that propose the Flash Smelting Furnace that an a kind of step is metallurgical, with the slag of existence in the method for energy-conserving and environment-protective solution copper sulfurized ore, Ni sulphide mine, plumbous sulphide ore one step smelting process containing treating metal smelting and Fe3O4The problems such as in height, slag emission difficulty, product, iron-holder is high, energy consumption is high, technological process is complicated.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is achieved in that the Flash Smelting Furnace that an a kind of step is metallurgical, and including reaction tower, the one end in connection molten bath, described reaction tower bottom, the other end in described molten bath is arranged over uptake flue；Described reaction tower lower half is provided with gas leading-in device for importing reducibility gas, forms reducing gases bed course in reaction tower lower space.
First there is oxidation reaction in metallic ore to be smelted, generate snperoxiaized metal-oxide from the dropping process of reaction tower top, and during then through reaction tower bottom reducing gases bed course, metal-oxide to be smelted is reduced into metal, Fe3O4It is reduced into FeO, not only improves slag but also improve the response rate treating metal smelting.In reaction tower lower space, the oxygen added by top is consumed complete substantially, reducibility gas enters the thermic load not havinging vigorous combustion in stove and increase Flash Smelting Furnace, and substantial amounts of reducing atmosphere also to absorb heat self, has certain cooling effect.
Further, described molten bath upper wall is provided with the barricade going deep in stove or removable gate near reaction tower side.The arranging of barricade can be prevented effectively from reducibility gas and ramp up flue direction and quickly spread, and makes one reducing gases bed course of formation between reaction tower bottom and molten bath sidewall and barricade.Barricade is made up of the outer lining refractories of Copper Water Jacket, and the distance of barricade bottom surface and body of heater bottom surface is 1-3 rice.Preferably, barricade or removable gate are positioned at reaction tower and the junction of molten bath upper wall, and are perpendicular to molten bath upper wall and go deep in stove, and the reducing gases bed course space so formed is minimum, and reducibility gas is more concentrated, and the utilization rate of effective reducing atmosphere is higher.
Further, top, described molten bath, side or flue are provided with some spray guns or air-blast device.The reducibility gas having neither part nor lot in reaction ramps up the process of flue flowing from reaction tower bottom through the communicating passage on top, molten bath, can be sprayed into by spray gun or air-blast device or blast oxygen-containing gas, with superfluous reducing gas burning, for molten bath additional heat, the flue dust bonding that elimination uptake flue is likely to occur simultaneously.
Further, described reducibility gas is containing effective reducing atmosphere, and effective reducing atmosphere is CO, H2Or one or more in Hydrocarbon (such as methane) gas；Preferably, for the waste gas containing reducing atmosphere of commercial production discharge；It is furthermore preferred that be blast furnace gas, coal gas of converter, coke-stove gas, electric furnace (mineral hot furnace) tail gas, rotary kiln exhaust gas, rotary hearth furnace tail gas etc.；The invention adopts above-mentioned industrial waste gas as smelting gas, make on the one hand the above-mentioned waste gas need not then through tail gas clean-up handling process, substantially reduce the investment of original production process, reduce the production cost of metallurgical technology of the present invention on the other hand, the circulation comprehensive achieving resource utilizes, and turns waste into wealth.
Preferably, effective reducing atmosphere (CO and H in described reducing gases bed course2) content is 35%-70%.According to metallurgical thermodynamics principle, under the high temperature of 1100-1450 DEG C of reaction tower space, effective reducing atmosphere (CO+H of above-mentioned scope2) Fe can be made3O4Being easier to be reduced to FeO, and FeO almost cannot be reduced into simple substance Fe, meanwhile, copper, nickel and lead oxides are very easily reduced under said temperature and reducing atmosphere concentration.Breeze is through reducing gases bed course, and metal-oxide therein to be smelted substantially all is reduced into metal simple-substance.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method utilizing described Flash Smelting Furnace one step metallurgical, it is characterized in that: will treat that metal smelting ore deposit, flux, oxygen-containing gas, cold burden join in reaction tower by the nozzle at Flash Smelting Furnace top, by gas leading-in device to reaction tower bottom import reducibility gas；Heating, treats that metal smelting ore deposit first passes through reaction tower top and oxidation reaction occurs, generates metal-oxide, then through the reducing gases bed course of reaction tower bottom, reduction reaction occurs, generate metal simple-substance, form crude metal layer in bottom, molten bath；Form slag blanket on top, molten bath after the gangue content in metal smelting ore deposit and flux slag making；Crude metal and slag discharge out of the furnace respectively；The flue gas that reaction generates is discharged by uptake flue.
The method specifically comprises the steps of
1) get the raw materials ready: metallic ore to be smelted is dried and dispersion is the pulp that water content is below 0.3%, granularity is less than 0.2mm, sludging flux moisture less than 1%, granularity is less than 1mm；Cold burden is moisture less than 1%, and granularity is less than 5mm.
2) middle part oxidation on reaction tower: metal mining powder, flux, oxygen-containing gas, cold burden are injected in red-hot reaction tower by the nozzle at Flash Smelting Furnace top, utilize breeze specific surface area greatly, at high temperature characteristic fireballing with oxygen reaction, make breeze and oxygen middle part on reaction tower that oxidation reaction to occur rapidly, generate Multimetal oxide, and release substantial amounts of heat.
3) reaction tower bottom and molten bath upper space reduction: by gas leading-in device to reaction tower bottom import reducibility gas, a reducing gases bed course is defined in reaction tower bottom and molten bath melt upper space, the metal-oxide generated is falling through this reducing gases bed course, metal-oxide to be smelted is reduced into metal simple-substance, by reducing atmosphere (CO+H effective in reducibility gas in control reducing gases bed course2) concentration, control Fe3O4Reducing degree so that it is FeO can only be reduced into, and metal Fe can not be reduced into, reaction generate flue gas discharged by uptake flue.
4) molten bath slag making separates: falling into molten bath through the reacted melt in above-mentioned space, gangue content therein reacts with flux generation slag making, generate the slag of low melting point, difference due to density, the metal of the liquid being reduced out and slag precipitated and separated, from top to bottom forming slag blanket and crude metal layer, the noble metal removal in raw material, in melted crude metal layer, discharges out of the furnace crude metal and metallurgical slag respectively again through metal discharge mouth and slag-drip opening.
Preferably, in this process, the temperature in reaction tower controls at 1100-1450 DEG C.
Preferably, volumetric concentration >=50% of oxygen in oxygen-containing gas.
Preferably, treat described in that metal smelting ore deposit is the one in copper sulfurized ore (or doped portion copper sulfur or copper scap), Ni sulphide mine (or doped portion nickel sulfur), plumbous sulphide ore (or doped portion lead containing sludge or flue dust).The Flash Smelting Furnace of the proposition of the present invention and a step smelting process are wide to adaptability to raw material, are all suitable for for the copper sulfurized ore of low copper high ferro, the Ni sulphide mine of low nickel height MgO and the plumbous sulphide ore of low plumbous high ferro, and can produce certain economic benefit.
In order to solve to complete metallic sulfide oxidation and two kinds of courses of reaction of metal oxide back in same reacting furnace in currently available technology, adopt and aoxidize in space, coke layer is set on melt top layer, molten bath simultaneously or the mode of electrode is set in molten bath to realize the reduction task of metal-oxide, its essence is to carry out direct-reduction metal-oxide with carbon as reducing agent, thus inevitably make metal Fe simple substance be reduced out, cause in last crude metal containing a certain amount of ferrum, follow-up also need to independent refine iron removal step, add investment and energy consumption, in this process simultaneously, the consumption of coke or electrode material is also very big, production cost is high.And the technical scheme that the invention proposes is to construct oxidation and two kinds of metallurgical atmosphere of reduction from top to bottom in flash furnace reaction tower space, reducing gases bed course uses CO and H2Etc. effective reducing atmosphere as reducing agent, make metal-oxide to be smelted can be completely reduced into metal simple-substance with the method for effective reducing atmosphere concentration dividing potential drop by controlling temperature in reducing gases bed course, and Fe3O4Can only being reduced into FeO, it is impossible to restore fe, this is to improve relative to an important technical of prior art.
Further, described cold burden is one or more in the raw ore containing valuable metal, flue dust, pyrometallurgical smelting slag, hydrometallurgy slag (including scum silica frost).Preferably, described valuable metal is one or more in gold, silver, indium, copper, bismuth, cobalt.Cold burden absorbs on the one hand can furnace heat, reduce the thermic load of Flash Smelting Furnace, (valuable metal finally dissolves and is enriched in crude metal the valuable metal that can trap in cold burden with metal bath (Cu or Ni or Pb) in molten bath on the other hand, follow-up can separation and Extraction), accomplish to turn waste into wealth.
Further, Fe in described metallurgical slag slag blanket3O4Content less than 0.5%.The method that the invention proposes, the flow velocity of reducibility gas in flash furnace reaction tower is imported to by control, the i.e. concentration dividing potential drop of effective reducing atmosphere in the thickness of reducing gases bed course and reducing gases bed course in scalable Flash Smelting Furnace, so that metal-oxide (Cu to be smelted2O or NiO or PbO) can be completely reduced into metal simple-substance, and Fe3O4FeO can only be reduced into, Fe in ensureing the metallurgical slag finally discharged out of the furnace3O4Content less than 0.5% while, consume again in reducibility gas effectively reducing atmosphere as far as possible, improve the utilization rate of effective reducing atmosphere, reduce energy consumption.
Relative to prior art, Flash Smelting Furnace and a step metallurgical method of the step metallurgy that the invention proposes have the advantage that
Flash Smelting Furnace and a step metallurgical method that a step of the present invention is metallurgical pass through reducing atmosphere (CO/H2) iron oxides can be carried out the characteristic of selective reduction, make metal-oxide to be smelted can be completely reduced into metal simple-substance, and Fe3O4FeO can only be reduced into, it is impossible to restore fe, thus namely ensure that the response rate treating metal smelting, reduce again iron-holder in crude metal, improving the performance of slag.
The reducibility gas wide material sources that the Flash Smelting Furnace of a step metallurgy of the present invention imports, can directly adopt the waste gas containing reducing atmosphere with heat that commercial production is discharged as smelting gas, make on the one hand the waste gas need not then through tail gas clean-up handling process, substantially reduce the investment of original production process, reduce the production cost of metallurgical technology of the present invention on the other hand, simultaneously, a large amount of coke and expensive electrode material need not be used, more energy efficient environmental protection, it is achieved that the comprehensive reutilization of resource.
The metallurgical Flash Smelting Furnace of a step of the present invention builds simple, does not need additionally use electric furnace or add coke disposal slag, invest little, production cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The accompanying drawing constituting the part of the invention is used for providing being further appreciated by the invention, and the schematic description and description of the invention is used for explaining the invention, is not intended that the improper restriction to the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the Flash Smelting Furnace that the step described in the invention embodiment 1-3 is metallurgical.
Description of reference numerals:
1-reaction tower, 2-nozzle, 3-gas leading-in device, 4-reducing gases bed course, 5-molten bath, 6-barricade, 7-slag blanket, 8-crude metal layer, 9-spray gun；10-uptake flue.
Detailed description of the invention
It should be noted that when not conflicting, the embodiment in the invention and the feature in embodiment can be mutually combined.
The Flash Smelting Furnace that embodiment 1 one step is metallurgical
The Flash Smelting Furnace that an a kind of step is metallurgical, including reaction tower 1, reaction tower 1 top is provided with nozzle 2；The one end in connection molten bath, reaction tower 1 bottom 5, the other end in molten bath 5 is arranged over uptake flue 10；Reaction tower 1 lower half is provided with gas leading-in device 3 for importing reducibility gas, containing CO and H in reducibility gas2.Reducibility gas forms reducing gases bed course 4 in reaction tower 1 bottom and molten bath 5 upper space.Molten bath 5 and reaction tower 1 junction are provided with barricade 6.Top, molten bath 5, side and uptake flue 10 are provided with some spray guns 9.
Embodiment 2 utilizes the method for the Flash Smelting Furnace one step copper metallurgy of embodiment 1
1, raw material and adjuvant prepare
Adopting raw material in the present embodiment is a kind of import copper concentrate, and main component is following table such as:
| Composition | Cu | S | Fe | SiO2 | CaO+MgO |
| % | 29.5 | 31 | 26 | 6 | 1 |
By raw material drying dispersion be water content below 0.3%, granularity account for below 200 orders 80% dry concentrate.
Flux is SiO2Content silica flour more than 90%, silica flour moisture less than 1%, granularity account for 90% less than 60 purposes, herein silica flour as flux participate in flash smelting slagging process.
Cold burden is containing one or more in valency metals like gold, silver, indium, copper, the flue dust of bismuth, slag, raw ore, wet-leaching slag, is dried to moisture less than 1%, and granularity is less than 5mm.Heat excessive in cold burden absorption furnace on the one hand, reduce the thermic load of Flash Smelting Furnace, (valuable metal finally dissolves and is enriched in blister copper in the copper liquid trapping that the valuable metal wherein contained on the other hand can be melted in molten bath 5, follow-up can separation and Extraction), so that secondary resource is recycled utilization, kill two birds with one stone, turn waste into wealth.
Oxygen-containing gas is generally oxygen-air mixture, generally adopts air and industry oxygen mixing to be made into, volumetric concentration >=50% of oxygen in oxygen-containing gas.
2, smelting process
Raw material, flux, oxygen-containing gas, cold burden are joined flash furnace reaction tower 1 by Flash Smelting Furnace top jet nozzle 2, in flash furnace reaction tower 1, Cu2S is generated Cu by direct oxidation2O, also has the snperoxiaized Cu of part2O and Fe3O4With under-oxidized Cu2The cross reaction of S generates copper, and part copper is oxidized to Cu once more2O.The mass ratio controlling oxygen and copper concentrate addition is 43%-47%, make the sulfur in the copper concentrate of entrance reaction tower 1 and sulfide finally all oxidized on the one hand, finally fall in the material in molten bath 5 content of S less than 0.05%, simultaneously, also making the oxidation reaction of the sulfur in copper concentrate, sulfide and ferrum by the oxygen depletion of central space on reaction tower 1, making reaction tower 1 lower space is weak oxide environment.
Substantial amounts of Cu is generated after the oxidation reaction at the upper middle part of reaction tower 12O、Fe3O4With a small amount of copper, for avoiding Cu2O and Fe3O4Entering slag, the present invention imports reducibility gas in the bottom of reaction tower 1, and reducibility gas is containing CO, H2Or one or more in the effectively reducing atmosphere such as hydrocarbon gas (such as methane), it is preferred to the waste gas containing the reducing atmosphere such as blast furnace gas, coal gas of converter of commercial production discharge, coke-stove gas, electric furnace (mineral hot furnace) tail gas, rotary kiln exhaust gas, rotary hearth furnace tail gas etc..Barricade is set in the junction of reaction tower 1 with molten bath 5, makes between reaction tower 1 bottom and top, molten bath 5 and barricade, to form the reducing gases bed course 4 being full of reducing atmosphere.
In reaction tower 1 lower space, the oxygen added by top is consumed complete substantially, reducibility gas enters the thermic load not havinging vigorous combustion in stove and increase Flash Smelting Furnace, and substantial amounts of reducibility gas to absorb heat self, and body of heater has certain cooling effect.Work as Cu2O and Fe3O4It is dropped through containing effective reducing atmosphere (CO+H2) concentration is when being the reducing gases bed course 4 of 35%-70%, Cu2O is reduced into simple substance Cu, Fe3O4It is reduced into FeO, not only improves the response rate of copper but also improve slag.
After above-mentioned reactant melt falls into molten bath 5, FeO therein and flux SiO2Slag making, the slag of liquid and melted copper liquid, due to the different precipitated and separateds of proportion, form slag blanket 6 and crude metal layer 7 i.e. blister copper layer, generation containing SO2Flue gas discharged out of the furnace by uptake flue 10, sulfuric acid plant's antacid can be incorporated into then through after cooling, dedusting.Some spray guns 9 on top, Flash Smelting Furnace molten bath 5, side and uptake flue 10, are having neither part nor lot in effective reducing atmosphere (CO or H of reaction2) ramp up in the process of flue 10 flowing through the connected space on top, molten bath 5, can spray into or blast oxygen-containing gas, be molten bath 5 additional heat on the one hand, eliminate the flue dust bonding that uptake flue 10 is likely to occur simultaneously.
Raw material is had wide applicability by the method for one step copper metallurgy of the proposition of the present invention, is applicable not only to the copper concentrate of the low Fe of high Cu, it is also possible in the smelting of the copper concentrate of the low Cu of high Fe, meanwhile, and in concentrate, doped portion copper sulfur or copper scap are also feasible.
3, the main chemical reactions occurred in smelting process
1) main chemical reactions that on reaction tower, central space occurs:
A. decomposition reaction
4CuFeS2=2Cu2S+4FeS+S2
2FeS2=2FeS+S2
4CuS=2Cu2S+S2
B. oxidation reaction
2Cu2S+3O2=2Cu2O+2SO2
2FeS+3O2=2FeO+2SO2
6FeO+O2=2Fe3O4
S+O2=SO2
C. cross reaction
3Fe3O4+ FeS=10FeO+SO2
Cu2O+FeS=Cu2S+FeO
Cu2S+2Cu2O=6Cu+SO2
2) main chemical reactions (reduction reaction) that reaction tower lower space and molten bath upper space occur
Cu2O+CO=2Cu+CO2Cu2O+H2=2Cu+H2O
Fe3O4+ CO=3FeO+CO2Fe3O4+H2=3FeO+H2O
3) esoteric main chemical reactions (slag making reaction) is melted in molten bath
2FeO+SiO2=2FeO SiO2
CaO+SiO2=CaO SiO2
Embodiment 3 utilizes the method for the Flash Smelting Furnace one step thick alloy of nickel metallurgy copper of embodiment 1
1, raw material, fuel and adjuvant prepare
Raw material is nickel ore concentrate, and main nickeliferous, two kinds of metals of copper in nickel ore concentrate, the mass ratio of ambrose alloy content, generally between 1.5-2.5, additionally contains cobalt and a small amount of gold, silver and platinum group metal.The composition of the nickel ore concentrate that the present embodiment adopts is as follows:
| Composition | Ni | Cu | Co | Fe | S | SiO2 | CaO | MgO |
| % | 6.6 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 39.5 | 27.3 | 8.2 | 1.2 | 6 |
By raw material drying dispersion be water content below 0.3%, granularity account for below 200 orders 80% dry concentrate.
Flux is SiO2Content silica flour more than 90%, silica flour moisture less than 1%, granularity account for 90% less than 60 purposes.Silica flour participates in the slagging process of flash smelting as flux herein.
Coal must carry out coal-grinding and dried as fuel so that it is water content lower than 1%, granularity account for 85% less than 200 orders；Fine coal is by burning the heat required for providing for flash smelting.
Oxygen-containing gas directly adopts technique oxygen (O2>=70%)
2, smelting process
Raw material, flux, technique oxygen, fine coal are joined in flash furnace reaction tower 1 by Flash Smelting Furnace top jet nozzle 2, (NiFe) at 1100-1450 DEG C of temperature, in nickel ore concentrate9S8、CuFeS2Sulfides is decomposed reaction, generates Ni3S2、Cu2The metal sulfides such as S, FeS, CoS, these several sulfide major parts are oxidized to rapidly NiO, Cu2O、Fe3O4, CoO, snperoxiaized NiO, Cu2O, CoO and Fe3O4With under-oxidized FeS (centre of granule), cross reaction occurring in an impact, the metal of generation and sulfide again can be again oxidized, and in the process, oxygen is depleted gradually.The mass ratio controlling oxygen and nickel ore concentrate addition is 42%-47.5%, makes the Ni of entrance reaction tower 1 on the one hand3S2、Cu2S, FeS, CoS sulfides and sulfur are finally all oxidized, make finally to fall in the material in molten bath 5 content of S less than 0.05%, simultaneously, also making the oxidation reaction of the sulfur in nickel ore concentrate, sulfide and ferrum by the oxygen depletion of central space on reaction tower 1, making in reaction tower 1 lower space is weak oxide environment.
For NiO, Cu of avoiding the oxidized reaction in the upper middle part at reaction tower 1 to generate2O, CoO and Fe3O4Entering slag, the present invention imports reducibility gas in the bottom of reaction tower 1, and reducibility gas is containing CO, H2Or one or more in the effectively reducing atmosphere such as hydrocarbon gas (such as methane), it is preferred to the waste gas containing the reducing atmosphere such as blast furnace gas, coal gas of converter of commercial production discharge, coke-stove gas, electric furnace (mineral hot furnace) tail gas, rotary kiln exhaust gas, rotary hearth furnace tail gas etc..Barricade is set in the junction of reaction tower 1 with molten bath 5, makes between reaction tower 1 bottom and top, molten bath 5 and barricade, to form the reducing gases bed course 4 being full of reducing atmosphere.
In reaction tower 1 lower space, the oxygen added by top is consumed complete substantially, reducibility gas enters the thermic load not havinging vigorous combustion in stove and increase Flash Smelting Furnace, and substantial amounts of reducing atmosphere to absorb heat self, and body of heater has certain cooling effect.As NiO, Cu2O, CoO and Fe3O4It is dropped through containing effective reducing atmosphere (CO+H2) concentration is when being the reducing gases bed course 4 of 35%-70%, NiO, Cu2O, CoO are reduced into metal simple-substance Ni, Cu and Co, Fe3O4It is reduced into FeO, not only improves slag but also improve the response rate of Ni, Cu and Co.
After above-mentioned reactant falls into molten bath 5, MgO, FeO therein and flux SiO2Slag making, the slag of liquid and melted copper nickel, due to the different precipitated and separateds of proportion, form slag blanket 6 and the thick alloy-layer of crude metal layer 7 i.e. ambrose alloy, due to NiO, Cu2O, CoO and Fe3O4All almost being reduced completely, slag is containing Ni, Cu, Co and Fe3O4All very low.The thick alloy of copper nickel can be made into a certain proportion of corronil after noble metal therein is extracted in refine and sell, and such as monel metal, or post-cure obtains secondary copper ore concentrate and secondary nickel ore concentrate after grinding floating separation, then smelts respectively and obtain copper metal and nickel metal.
What reaction generated contains SO2Flue gas discharged out of the furnace by uptake flue 10, sulfuric acid plant's antacid can be incorporated into then through after cooling, dedusting.Some spray guns 9 on top, Flash Smelting Furnace molten bath 5, side and uptake flue 10, are having neither part nor lot in reducing atmosphere (CO or H of reaction2) ramp up in the process of flue 10 flowing through the connected space on top, molten bath 5, can spray into or blast oxygen-containing gas, be molten bath 5 additional heat on the one hand, eliminate the flue dust bonding that uptake flue 10 is likely to occur simultaneously.
Raw material is had wide applicability by the method for one step copper metallurgy of the proposition of the present invention, is applicable not only to the nickel ore concentrate of the low MgO of high Ni, it is also possible in the smelting of the low-quality nickel ore concentrate of the low Ni of high MgO, and can produce certain economic benefit.Doped portion nickel sulfur or nickeliferous cupric or be also feasible containing cobalt waste residue in concentrate.In addition, if flash furnace heat is superfluous, it is possible to adding containing one or more the cold burden in valency metals like gold, silver, indium, copper, bismuth, the flue dust of cobalt, slag, raw ore, wet-leaching slag, these valuable metals finally can be enriched in blister copper nickel alloy, accomplish twice laid, kill two birds with one stone.
3, the main chemical reactions occurred in smelting process
1) main chemical reactions that on reaction tower, central space occurs:
A. decomposition reaction
2(NiFe)9S8=4Ni3S2+6FeS+S2
4CuFeS2=2Cu2S+4FeS+S2
2Fe7S8=14FeS+S2
2FeS2=2FeS+S2
B. oxidation reaction
2Ni3S2+7O2=6NiO+4SO2
2Cu2S+3O2=2Cu2O+2SO2
2CoS+3O2=2CoO+2SO2
2FeS+3O2=2FeO+2SO2
6FeO+O2=2Fe3O4
S+O2=SO2
C. cross reaction
6NiO+6FeS=2Ni3S2+6FeO+S2
3Fe3O4+ FeS=10FeO+SO2
Cu2O+FeS=Cu2S+FeO
CoO+FeS=CoS+FeO
Cu2S+2Cu2O=6Cu+SO2
2) main chemical reactions (reduction reaction) that reaction tower lower space and molten bath upper space occur
NiO+CO=Ni+CO2NiO+H2=Ni+H2O
Cu2O+CO=2Cu+CO2Cu2O+H2=2Cu+H2O
CoO+CO=Co+CO2CoO+H2=Co+H2O
Fe3O4+ CO=3FeO+CO2Fe3O4+H2=3FeO+H2O
3) esoteric main chemical reactions (slag making reaction) is melted in molten bath
2FeO+SiO2=2FeO SiO2
MgO+SiO2=MgO SiO2
CaO+SiO2=CaO SiO2
Embodiment 4 utilizes the method for the Flash Smelting Furnace single step smelting lead of embodiment 1
1, raw material and adjuvant prepare
Raw material is a kind of lead concentrate, is mainly composed of:
It is the dry concentrate that water content is below 0.3%, granularity is less than 0.2mm by raw material drying dispersion.
Flux is quartz sand and limestone.Quartz sand is containing SiO2More than 80%, quartz sand be dried to moisture less than 1%, granularity is less than 1mm；Limestone is containing CaCO3More than 90%, granularity is less than 1mm, moisture less than 1%.Quartz sand and limestone participate in the slagging process of flash smelting as flux herein.
Coal must carry out coal-grinding and dried as fuel so that it is water content lower than 1%, granularity less than 0.2mm, fine coal provides required heat by burning for flash smelting.
2, smelting process
Raw material, flux, technique oxygen, fine coal are joined flash furnace reaction tower 1 by Flash Smelting Furnace top jet nozzle 2, at 1100-1450 DEG C of temperature, raw material quickly reacts with hot oxygen after entering reaction tower 1, and the sulfide of lead, zinc, copper and ferrum is generated PbO, ZnO, Cu by direct oxidation rapidly2O and Fe3O4, in the process, oxygen is depleted gradually.The mass ratio controlling oxygen and lead concentrate addition is 28.5%-30%, make the sulfide of entrance reaction tower 1 and sulfur finally all oxidized on the one hand, make finally to fall in the material in molten bath 5 content of S less than 0.05%, simultaneously, also making the oxidation reaction of the sulfur in lead concentrate, sulfide and ferrum by the oxygen depletion of central space on reaction tower 1, making in reaction tower 1 lower space is weak oxide environment.
For PbO, Cu of avoiding the oxidized reaction in the top at reaction tower 1 to generate2O and Fe3O4Entering slag, the present invention imports reducibility gas in the bottom of reaction tower 1, and reducibility gas is containing CO, H2Or one or more in the effectively reducing atmosphere such as hydrocarbon gas (such as methane), it is preferred to the waste gas containing the reducing atmosphere such as blast furnace gas, coal gas of converter of commercial production discharge, coke-stove gas, electric furnace (mineral hot furnace) tail gas, rotary kiln exhaust gas, rotary hearth furnace tail gas etc..Barricade is set in the junction of reaction tower 1 with molten bath 5, makes between reaction tower 1 bottom and top, molten bath 5 and barricade, to form the reducing gases bed course 4 being full of reducing atmosphere.
In reaction tower 1 lower space, top the oxygen added is consumed complete substantially, and reducibility gas enters the thermic load not havinging vigorous combustion in stove and increase Flash Smelting Furnace, and substantial amounts of reducing atmosphere to absorb heat self, has certain cooling effect.As PbO, Cu2O and Fe3O4It is dropped through containing effective reducing atmosphere (CO+H2) the reducing gases bed course 4 that concentration is 35%-70% time, PbO, Cu2O is reduced into elemental metals Pb and Cu, Fe3O4It is reduced into FeO, not only improves slag but also improve the response rate of Pb and Cu.
After above-mentioned reactant melt falls into molten bath 5, MgO, FeO therein and flux SiO2Slag making, the slag of liquid and melted plumbous liquid, due to the different precipitated and separateds of proportion, form slag blanket 6 and crude metal layer 7 i.e. lead bullion layer (a small amount of Cu is also in lead bullion), due to PbO, Cu2O and Fe3O4All being reduced, slag is containing Pb, Cu and Fe3O4All very low.
What reaction generated contains SO2Flue gas discharged out of the furnace by uptake flue 10, sulfuric acid plant's antacid can be incorporated into then through after cooling, dedusting.Some spray guns 9 on top, Flash Smelting Furnace molten bath 5, side and uptake flue 10, are having neither part nor lot in reducing atmosphere (CO or H of reaction2) ramp up in the process of flue 10 flowing through the connected space on top, molten bath 5, can spray into or blast oxygen-containing gas, oxygen can be molten bath 5 additional heat with reducing atmosphere burning, it is possible to eliminates the bonding that uptake flue 10 is likely to occur.
Raw material is had wide applicability by the method for the single step smelting lead of the proposition of the present invention, is applicable not only to the lead concentrate of high plumbous low ferrum, it is also possible in the smelting of the lead ore of low plumbous high ferro.Additionally, the waste residue that doped portion is leaded in concentrate such as plumbous residue, lead sulfate mud, scum silica frost, refine oxidizing slag etc., is also feasible.
3, the main chemical reactions occurred in smelting process
1) main chemical reactions that on reaction tower, central space occurs:
A. decomposition reaction
4CuFeS2=2Cu2S+4FeS+S2
2Fe7S8=14FeS+S2
2FeS2=2FeS+S2
CaCO3=CaO+CO2
B. oxidation reaction
2PbS+3O2=2PbO+2SO2
2PbS+4O2=2PbSO4
2ZnS+3O2=2ZnO+2SO2
2Cu2S+3O2=2Cu2O+2SO2
2FeS+3O2=2FeO+2SO2
6FeO+O2=2Fe3O4
S+O2=SO2
C. cross reaction
PbS+2PbO=3Pb+SO2
PbS+PbSO4=2Pb+2SO2
3Fe3O4+ FeS=10FeO+SO2
Cu2O+FeS=Cu2S+FeO
2) main chemical reactions (reduction reaction) that reaction tower lower space and molten bath upper space occur
PbO+CO=Pb+CO2PbO+H2=Pb+H2O
Cu2O+CO=2Cu+CO2Cu2O+H2=2Cu+H2O
Fe3O4+ CO=3FeO+CO2Fe3O4+H2=3FeO+H2O
3) esoteric main chemical reactions (slag making reaction) is melted in molten bath
2FeO+SiO2=2FeO SiO2
CaO+SiO2=CaO SiO2
Effect experimental examples
Embodiment 2-4 method is produced product and side-product is detected and is analyzed the energy consumption of whole technological process calculating, and compare with the state-of-the-art metallurgical technology of industrialization in prior art, in obtained slag, tenor and comprehensive energy consumption result are as shown in the table:
By the metallurgical method that the known the invention of upper table proposes, reduce slag containing amount of metal to be smelted and Fe3O4Content, both improve the response rate treating metal smelting, improved again the character of slag so that it is viscosity reduce, be beneficial to discharge, simultaneously as electric furnace need not be used, it is not required that adding coke, one-time investment is little, and comprehensive energy consumption is low, the production cost of product is low.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the invention; not in order to limit the invention; within all spirit in the invention and principle, any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. the Flash Smelting Furnace that a step is metallurgical, it is characterised in that: including reaction tower, described reaction tower top is provided with nozzle；The one end in connection molten bath, described reaction tower bottom, the other end in described molten bath is arranged over uptake flue；Described reaction tower lower half is provided with gas leading-in device for importing reducibility gas, forms reducing gases bed course in reaction tower lower space.
2. Flash Smelting Furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described molten bath upper wall is provided with the barricade going deep in stove or removable gate near reaction tower side.
3. Flash Smelting Furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: top, described molten bath, side or flue are provided with some spray guns or air-blast device.
4. Flash Smelting Furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described reducibility gas is containing effective reducing atmosphere, and effective reducing atmosphere is CO, H2Or one or more in hydrocarbon gas；Preferably, for the waste gas containing reducing atmosphere of commercial production discharge；It is furthermore preferred that be one or more in blast furnace gas, coal gas of converter, coke-stove gas, tail gas from electric furnace, rotary kiln exhaust gas, rotary hearth furnace tail gas.
5. the method that a step according to claim 1 is metallurgical, it is characterised in that: in described reducing gases bed course, the content of effective reducing atmosphere is 35%-70%.
6. the method that the Flash Smelting Furnace utilized described in claim 1 one step is metallurgical, it is characterized in that: will treat that metal smelting ore deposit, flux, oxygen-containing gas, cold burden join in reaction tower by Flash Smelting Furnace top jet nozzle, by gas leading-in device to reaction tower bottom import reducibility gas；Heating, treats that metal smelting ore deposit first passes through reaction tower top and oxidation reaction occurs, generates metal-oxide, then through the reducing gases bed course of reaction tower bottom, reduction reaction occurs, generate metal simple-substance, form crude metal layer in bottom, molten bath；Form slag blanket on top, molten bath after the gangue content in metal smelting ore deposit and flux slag making；Crude metal and slag discharge out of the furnace respectively；The flue gas that reaction generates is discharged by uptake flue.
7. the method that a step according to claim 6 is metallurgical, it is characterised in that: described in treat that metal smelting ore deposit is the one in copper sulfurized ore, Ni sulphide mine, plumbous sulphide ore.
8. the method that a step according to claim 6 is metallurgical, it is characterised in that: described cold burden is one or more in the raw ore containing valuable metal, flue dust, pyrometallurgical smelting slag, hydrometallurgy slag.
9. the method that a step according to claim 8 is metallurgical, it is characterised in that: described valuable metal is one or more in gold, silver, indium, copper, bismuth, cobalt.
10. the method that a step according to claim 6 is metallurgical, it is characterised in that: Fe in described slag blanket3O4Content less than 0.5%.
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