CN105800984A - 一种纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂 - Google Patents

一种纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂 Download PDF

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CN105800984A
CN105800984A CN201610107312.1A CN201610107312A CN105800984A CN 105800984 A CN105800984 A CN 105800984A CN 201610107312 A CN201610107312 A CN 201610107312A CN 105800984 A CN105800984 A CN 105800984A
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CN105800984B (zh
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姬永生
颜贵红
黄国栋
李军
王广
李志勇
耿欧
李果
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B22/00Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
    • C04B22/08Acids or salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0068Ingredients with a function or property not provided for elsewhere in C04B2103/00

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及建筑材料领域,公开了一种纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂,将水玻璃边搅拌边加入酸性介质溶液中,混合均匀,控制pH值在4.5‑5.2,既得纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂;所述的水玻璃为模数2.8‑3.5、波美度35‑45%的钠水玻璃;所述的酸性介质为盐酸,硫酸或硝酸;所述的酸性介质溶液的质量分数浓度10‑20%。该强效剂加入混凝土时在混凝土中分散均匀,且显著提高混凝土的早后期强度。克服了传统的纳米材料制备复杂、成本较高、在混凝土中分散困难和对混凝土后期强度增强效果不理想的问题。

Description

一种纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂,属于建筑材料生产技术领域。
背景技术
在水泥基材料中掺入一定量的纳米材料有利于提高材料性能,且可根据纳米材料特性差异赋予水泥基材料特殊的功能属性,已成为促进水泥基材料发展的重要方向之一。水泥基材料的纳米改性研究主要是将纳米微粒掺入水泥基材料,研究其对材料工作性、水泥石结构特性、力学性质和耐久性的影响。用于水泥基材料的纳米材料主要包括纳米CaCO3,纳米粘土,纳米 TiO2,纳米 Al2O3,纳米Fe2O3,纳米 ZnO2,碳纳米管,纳米 CuO和纳米SiO2等,除碳纳米管为一维纳米材料外,其它均为零维纳米颗粒。众多研究结果显示,纳米改性显著改善水泥混凝土的宏观力学性能、密实材料微结构、提高材料耐久性。
纳米材料在实际应用中存在以下缺点:
(1)经济可行性。虽然纳米微粉的掺量一般为水泥质量的1%-3%时就有一定的效果,但由于加工纳米微粉的成本较高;目前,纳米SiO2约为60000元/吨,若混凝土单方水泥用量为400kg,即使以1%的掺量计算混凝土成本也将增加240元/吨,限制了纳米微粉在混凝土材料中的产业化应用。
(2)纳米材料颗粒细小、比表面积大,导致材料需水性增大,进而影响水泥混凝土新拌物的流变性。掺少量纳米Si02(0.5%)对混凝上的坍落度影响不大,当掺量增加后,需水量急剧增大,当掺量8%时,需水量增大一倍。
(3) 纳米微粉必须充分均匀分散到水泥浆或混凝土拌合物中,才能有效发挥纳米微粉的潜力,但要实现均匀分散,即使采用高效减水剂,仍比较困难,如何实现纳米微粉的良好分散也是需进一步解决的关键问题。
(4)纳米颗粒虽然能显著提高水泥基材料早期力学性能,但对后期力学性能发展有不利影响,特别是当纳米颗粒掺量超过一定值时,对强度的负面影响更加明显。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂,用于解决传统的纳米材料制备复杂、成本较高、分散困难、后期强效果不理想的问题。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:一种纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂,将水玻璃边搅拌边加入酸性介质溶液中,混合均匀,控制pH值在4.5-5.2,既得纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂;
所述的水玻璃为模数2.8-3.5、波美度35-45%的钠水玻璃;
所述的酸性介质为盐酸,硫酸或硝酸。
所述的酸性介质溶液的质量分数浓度10-20%。
本发明基本原理:水玻璃和酸性介质反应,生成弱酸性的纳米SiO2前驱溶液即为该混凝土强效剂;该强效剂以溶液的形式和减水剂及拌合用水掺在一起,搅拌均匀后加入;随着水泥的水化和自由水的挥发,纳米SiO2析出形成硅溶胶;硅溶胶中SiO2呈纳米级,且在混凝土中分散均匀,起到纳米粉体改性混凝土更好的效果。
本发明纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂中,无需添加散剂,原因在于:活性SiO2易溶于酸性介质中。酸性介质的pH值较低,随着水玻璃的加入,溶液的pH值逐步升高,在溶液pH值大于5.5时才会有纳米SiO2颗粒析出形成溶胶悬浊液,纳米SiO2颗粒析出的临界pH值随酸性介质的种类和溶液浓度而变化。由于该混凝土强效剂的pH值为5左右,尚未达到纳米SiO2颗粒析出的临界pH值,为纳米SiO2的前驱溶液而非悬浊液,所以无需添加分散剂。
本发明纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂的使用方法:按胶凝材料用量的按质量分数2-3%的比例添加混凝土强效剂(以SiO2计);在新拌混凝土制备时,将强效剂和减水剂及拌合用水掺在一起,搅拌均匀后加入混凝土中即可。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)成本低,不仅远低于纳米材料,而且也低于常用的混凝土外加剂。
(2)分散均匀,以溶液的形式加入到拌合用水中,分散均匀。
(3) 增强混凝土的强度,1d强度提高50-80%;3 d强度提高30-60%;28d强度提高10-20%。
(4) 改善混凝土的性能,能有效地改善混凝土的和易性,提高混凝土的可泵送性能;改善混凝土的孔隙结构,增强混凝土的密实度,提高混凝土的抗冻、抗渗、抗碳化和抗氯离子侵蚀性能。
(5) 适应性,比聚羧酸等酸性减水剂相容性强,可以提高酸性减水剂对原材料的适应性。和碱性减水剂相容性尚有待于进一步研究。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂,将水玻璃边搅拌边加入酸性介质溶液中,混合均匀,控制pH值在5.0,既得纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂;
所述的水玻璃为模数3.2、波美度40%的钠水玻璃;
所述的酸性介质溶液为质量分数浓度15%的稀硫酸。
向等级强度C40的混凝土配方中,加入本发明制备的纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂,见表1;加入本发明纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂和未加入本发明纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂,其1-60d混凝土强度,见表2。
表1 C40的混凝土配合比
注:上述配方中各原料均为通用材料。本实例所用水泥为徐州中国联合建材集团生产的P.O 42.5水泥;矿粉为粒化高炉矿渣经磁选除铁处理后粉磨使其达到比表面积≥450m2/kg制得;粉煤灰为火力发电厂统灰分选得到的二级粉煤灰。
表2 C40的混凝土各龄期强度

Claims (2)

1.一种纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂,其特征在于:将水玻璃边搅拌边加入酸性介质溶液中,混合均匀,控制pH值在4.5-5.2,既得纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂;
所述的水玻璃为模数2.8-3.5、波美度35-45%的钠水玻璃;
所述的酸性介质为盐酸,硫酸或硝酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米酸溶胶前驱混凝土强效剂,其特征在于:所述的酸性介质溶液的质量分数浓度10-20%。
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TWI717228B (zh) * 2020-03-11 2021-01-21 彩興股份有限公司 混凝土硬化劑組成物
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