CN105799274B - 一种可在2至8GHz实现全频段吸收的吸波体复合材料 - Google Patents

一种可在2至8GHz实现全频段吸收的吸波体复合材料 Download PDF

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CN105799274B
CN105799274B CN201610146763.6A CN201610146763A CN105799274B CN 105799274 B CN105799274 B CN 105799274B CN 201610146763 A CN201610146763 A CN 201610146763A CN 105799274 B CN105799274 B CN 105799274B
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CN105799274A (zh
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邹艳红
张子龙
杨丽
陈喜桥
刘洪波
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Hunan University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种可在2至8GHz实现全频段吸收的吸波体复合材料，由三个在长方形微结构材料上覆有微波吸收材料而形成的基体单元迭加，长方形微结构材料为在无机非金属板的两面对称覆有多个长方形金属片依序组成矩阵，基体单元(中的长方形微结构材料中的长方形金属片的厚度相同，但长度或宽度则依序增加；在最上层的基体单元的长方形微结构材料的上侧面再形成厚度值大于基体单元的微波吸收材料涂层厚度的微波吸收材料涂层，最下层的基体单元的微波吸收材料涂层被涂覆于支撑板上。本发明的材料在整体厚度增加很小的情况下，通过控制三块长方形微结构材料的尺寸，使微波吸收频段向低频方向移动，同时大大扩宽了吸收带宽，实现了2‑8GHz频率范围内反射损耗均低于‑10dB，真正达到了全频段吸收。

Description

一种可在2至8GHz实现全频段吸收的吸波体复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种吸波体复合材料，特别涉及一种可实现全频段吸收的吸波体复合材料。
背景技术
微波吸收材料是隐身技术发展的关键，世界各国正在全力以赴地开发各种新型微波吸收材料。但无论是已广泛应用的铁氧体、金属微粉、多晶铁纤维，还是近年来发展的纳米材料、二维材料和频率选择表面等新型微波吸体，仍存在隐身频带窄、低频吸收效果差等问题。目前，2-8GHz频段范围仍然很难实现全频段吸收。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种可在2-8GHz频段范围实现全频段吸收的吸波复合材料。本发明通过以下方案实现：
一种可在2至8GHz实现全频段吸收的吸波体复合材料在长方形微结构材料的一面有厚度值为A的微波吸收材料涂层，形成一个基体单元，依照每个长方形微结构材料两面是微波吸收材料的顺序至上而下由三个所述基体单元(1)、(2)和(3)迭加，三个基体单元中长方形微结构材料的厚度相同；所述的长方形微结构材料均为在无机非金属板的两面对称覆有多个长方形金属片，每个无机非金属板的一面所覆的多个金属片大小相同且依序组成矩阵，所有金属片呈相同方向布置，所述矩阵中上下两个相邻金属片之间的距离为8～12mm，左右两个相邻金属片之间的距离为1～4mm；基体单元(1)、(2)和(3)中的长方形微结构材料中的长方形金属片的厚度相同，但长度或宽度则依序增加；在最上层的基体单元的长方形微结构材料的上侧面再形成厚度值为B的微波吸收材料涂层，厚度B值大于厚度A值；最下层的基体单元的微波吸收材料涂层被涂覆于支撑板上。
实验发现：基体单元的长方形微结构材料的厚度为0.1～0.6mm，长方形微结构材料的金属片的厚度为0.01～0.05mm；长方形微结构材料的长方形金属片长度为4～11mm、宽为1.5～3.5mm。基体单元的微波吸收涂层的厚度值A为0.1～1.5mm，在最上层基体单元上侧所覆的微波吸收材料厚度值B为2～5mm，吸波体材料的性能较优。
上述吸波体复合材料可通过以下方法制备得到：
首先按设计要求，在无机非金属纤维板上通过现有技术中的印刷方式将其两面覆上长方形金属片，制作三块长方形微结构材料，三块长方形微结构材料的长方形金属片厚度相同，金属片的长度或宽度则长度或宽度不同；之后，将微波吸收剂、粘结剂和固化剂按一定比例调配而成的微波吸收浆料均匀喷涂在支撑板上形成第一微波吸收涂层；之后将一块长方形微结构材料放置于第一微波吸收涂层上，再将微波吸收浆料均匀喷涂在第一块长方形微结构材料表面形成第二微波吸收涂层，再将第二块长方形微结构材料放置于第二微波吸收涂层上，再将微波吸收浆料均匀喷涂在第二块长方形微结构材料表面形成第三微波吸收涂层，再将第三块长方形微结构材料放置于第三微波吸收涂层上，最后再在第三块长方形微结构材料上均匀喷涂第四微波吸收涂层；第一、二、三微波吸收涂层的厚度相同，并且小于第四微波吸收涂层的厚度。
制备方法中，用于制作长方形微结构材料的无机非金属板可选择下材料中的一种：玻璃纤维板、特氟龙板、石英玻璃板；微波吸收涂层中的主要成份——微波吸收剂，可以选择以下现有公知的材料中的一种：过渡金属/石墨纳米复合材料、过渡金属-石墨层间化合物、炭黑、铁氧体、金属微粉、多晶铁纤维、羰基铁粉。
本发明所述的微结构材料是指一些具有天然材料所不具备的超常物理性质的人工复合结构或复合材料，通过在材料关键物理尺度上的结构有序设计，可突破某些表观自然规律的限制，从而获得许多独特、新颖的物理性质，这些特性其尺寸、结构、排列情况以及形状等宏观因素密切相关。与现有普通微波吸收材料相比，本发明具有最大的优点就是在材料整体厚度增加很小的情况下，通过控制三块长方形微结构材料的尺寸，找到这种渐变的规律，使微波吸收频段向低频方向移动，同时大大扩宽了吸收带宽，实现了2-8GHz频率范围内反射损耗均低于-10dB，真正达到了全频段吸收。
附图说明
图1：实施例1复合材料的基体单元的截面结构示意图及相对的电磁波入射
方向和电场强度方向示意图
图2：实施例1的长方形方形微结构材料平面示意图
图3：各种吸波材料的频率－反射损耗对比曲线图
具体实施方式
实施例仅是本发明实施方式的举例说明，本发明的实施并不仅限于实施例之范围。
实施例1
一种可在2至8GHz实现全频段吸收的吸波体复合材料，如图1所示，图中的k方向为电磁波入射方向，X为电场方向，Y为磁场方向；三个基体单元1、2和3由上至下迭加，三个基体单元的结构基本相同，在长方形微结构材料1-a的一面涂覆厚度为0.5mm的由微波吸收材料形成微波吸收涂层1-b形成基体单元1，在长方形微结构材料2-a的一面涂覆厚度为0.5mm的由微波吸收材料形成微波吸收涂层2-b形成基体单元2，在长方形微结构材料3-a的一面涂覆厚度为0.5mm的由微波吸收材料形成微波吸收涂层3-b形成基体单元3；各基体单元中的长方形微结构材料1-a、2-a和3-a的结构基本相同，如图2所示，在玻璃纤维板7的两面对称覆有多个相同的长方形铜片5，每一面上的多个金属铜片依序组成矩阵，且所有金属铜片呈相同方向布置，由金属铜片组成的矩阵中，上下两个相邻金属铜片5之间的距离L1为10mm，左右两个相邻金属铜片5之间的距离L2为2.2mm，金属铜片的厚度均为0.01mm；三个基体单元中的长方形微结构材料的厚度为0.35mm，基体单元1中的长方形微结构材料1-a的长方形金属铜片5的长度为5mm，宽度为2.2mm，基体单元2中的长方形微结构材料2-a的长方形金属铜片5的长度为6.8mm，宽度为2.2mm，基体单元3中的长方形微结构材料3-a的长方形金属铜片5的长度为9.5mm，宽度为2.2mm；在最上层的基体单元1的长方形微结构材料的1-a的上侧面形成厚度为1.9mm的微波吸收材料涂层4；最下层的基体单元3的微波吸收材料涂层3-b被覆于支撑金属铝板6上。
实施例2
实施例1的吸波体复合材料通过以下方法制备得到：
首先按上下两个相邻金属铜片5之间的距离为10mm、左右两个相邻金属铜片5之间的距离为2.2mm的设计要求，在玻璃纤维板上通过现有技术中的印刷方式将其两面覆上厚度0.01mm长方形金属铜片5，制作三块长方形微结构材料，一块长方形微结构材料的长方形金属铜片5的长度为9.5mm，宽度为2.2mm，第二块长方形微结构材料的长方形金属铜片5的长度为6.8mm，宽度为2.2mm，第三的长方形微结构材料的长方形金属铜片5的长度为5mm，宽度为2.2mm；之后，再将微波吸收剂羰基铁粉与粘结剂环氧树脂按质量比为1：3的比例充分混合均匀后喷涂在支撑板上形成第一微波吸收涂层；之后将一块长方形微结构材料放置于第一微波吸收涂层上，再将微波吸收浆料均匀喷涂在第一块长方形微结构材料表面形成第二微波吸收涂层，再将第二块长方形微结构材料放置于第二微波吸收涂层上，再将微波吸收浆料均匀喷涂在第二块长方形微结构材料表面形成第三微波吸收涂层，再将第三块长方形微结构材料放置于第三微波吸收涂层上，最后再在第三块长方形微结构材料上均匀喷涂第四微波吸收涂层；第一、二、三微波吸收涂层的厚度为0.5mm，第四微波吸收涂层的厚度为1.9mm。
实施例3
采用弓形架法分别测量下述三种材料的频率－反射损耗曲线，单一的如实施例2中的由三块长方形微结构材料组成的三层、单一的微波吸收材料羰基铁粉涂层(厚度为3.4mm)以及实施例1的复合微波吸收材料，结果见图3，图中的a为长方形微结构材料的反射损耗随频率的变化曲线，b为传统微波吸收材料羰基铁粉涂层的反射损耗随频率的变化曲线，c复合微波吸收材料的反射损耗随频率的变化曲线。从图3可以看出，长方形微结构材料的吸收峰出现在7.25GHz，而且反射损耗均未达到-10dB。吸收频带而厚度为3.4mm羰基铁粉微波吸收涂层在3.2-4.2GHz频段范围反射损耗达到-10dB，而复合微波吸收材料其反射损耗低于-10dB的频段范围则被拓宽到2-8GHz，实现了全频带吸收。这充分说明此发明涉及的长方形微结构材料渐变组合结构能显著提高材料的反射损耗，拓宽材料的吸波带宽。实现2—8GHz范围全频段吸收。

Claims (4)

1.一种可在2至8GHz实现全频段吸收的吸波体复合材料，其特征在于：在长方形微结构材料的一面有厚度值为A的微波吸收材料涂层，形成一个基体单元，依照每个长方形微结构材料两面是微波吸收材料涂层的顺序至上而下由三个所述基体单元（1）、（2）和（3）迭加，三个基体单元中长方形微结构材料的厚度相同；所述的长方形微结构材料均为在无机非金属板的两面对称覆有多个长方形金属片，每个无机非金属板的一面所覆的多个金属片大小相同且依序组成矩阵，所有金属片呈相同方向布置，所述矩阵中上下两个相邻金属片之间的距离为8~12 mm，左右两个相邻金属片之间的距离为1~4mm；基体单元（1）、（2）和（3）中的长方形微结构材料中的长方形金属片的厚度相同，但长度或宽度则依序增加；在最上层的基体单元的长方形微结构材料的上侧面再形成厚度值为B的微波吸收材料涂层，厚度B值大于厚度A值；最下层的基体单元的微波吸收材料涂层被涂覆于支撑板上。
2.如权利要求1所述的可在2至8GHz实现全频段吸收的吸波体复合材料，其特征在于：所述长方形微结构材料的厚度为 0.1~0.6mm，所述的长方形微结构材料的金属片厚度为0.01~0.05 mm。
3.由如权利要求1所述的可在2至8GHz实现全频段吸收的吸波体复合材料，其特征在于：所述基体单元的长方形微结构材料中的长方形金属片长度为4~11mm、宽为1.5~3.5mm。
4.由如权利要求1所述的可在2至8GHz实现全频段吸收的吸波体复合材料，其特征在于：所述的微波吸收材料涂层的厚度值A为 0.1~1.5mm，厚度值B为 2~ 5mm。
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