CN105788998B - A kind of small size, small-power barium tungsten hollow cathode - Google Patents
A kind of small size, small-power barium tungsten hollow cathode Download PDFInfo
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- CN105788998B CN105788998B CN201610244994.0A CN201610244994A CN105788998B CN 105788998 B CN105788998 B CN 105788998B CN 201610244994 A CN201610244994 A CN 201610244994A CN 105788998 B CN105788998 B CN 105788998B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/88—Mounting, supporting, spacing, or insulating of electrodes or of electrode assemblies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
- H01J1/22—Heaters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of small size for electric thruster, low power barium tungsten hollow cathode, barium tungsten emissive material is carried out thermionic emission using external heat.The hollow cathode is integrally compact, compact-sized, and target is mainly the hall thruster and ion thruster of low-power, can provide high energy electron for the ionization of propellant and neutralize thruster plume.Heating wire electric wire is imported using the sidewise hole of ceramic catch, and has internally obstructed contact of the electric wire with cathode tube using cathode tube ceramic jacket, prevents both contact short circuits.After emitter is heated to 1100 DEG C by heating wire, lighted a fire to touching to hold level and impose high voltage, after successful ignition, heating wire can be closed, into self-holding heating mode, and electronics caused by inside hollow cathode can then be sprayed onto the areas of high potential in negative electrode downstream, complete thermionic emission.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric propulsion field, and be related to one kind makes barium tungsten emissive material carry out thermoelectron hair using external heat
The hollow cathode penetrated.
Background technology
Electric propulsion is that one kind directly heats propellant using electric energy or ionizes acceleration propellant using electromagnetic action to obtain
The advanced propulsion mode of thrust power, there is higher specific impulse, thrust and efficiency, orbits controlling, deep space in Large Spacecraft
Have broad application prospects in the space tasks such as detection and interplanetary flight.
In some electric thrusters, such as hall thruster and ion thruster, hollow cathode be placed in outside thruster (or
It is internal), a component of thruster is independently of, it is mainly the ionization offer high energy electron of propellant and neutralizes ion plumage
Stream.Because hollow cathode is thruster plasma density highest, highest current density, temperature highest part, its property
Energy, reliability and life-span are all the important indicators of limit thrust device performance.Traditional hollow cathode in power, build etc. all
It is not suitable for low power electric thruster, therefore low-power is devised for this, small body type, the barium tungsten hollow cathode of low emission current.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to solve the above problems, a kind of small size, low power barium tungsten hollow cathode are proposed, is
Thruster provides high energy electron to ionize propellant and neutralize ion plume.
A kind of barium tungsten hollow cathode, including touch and hold level, heat shielding, ceramic heater, heater jacket, barium tungsten emitter, the moon
Pole pipe, graphite block, tungsten spring, cathode tube ceramic jacket, ceramic catch, ceramic flange, flange in the bottom；
Cathode tube includes afterbody titanium disk, middle part tantalum pipe and top cerium tungsten disk, is fixedly connected sequentially, top cerium tungsten disk
Center is provided with aperture；Barium tungsten emitter is located in cathode tube, close to the top cerium tungsten disk of cathode tube front end, in barium tungsten emitter
Heart perforate；Graphite block and tungsten spring are respectively positioned in cathode tube, and graphite block barrier tungsten spring and barium tungsten reflector, tungsten spring lead to
The barium tungsten emitter and graphite block of flexible fastening front end are crossed, barium tungsten emitter is close to negative electrode inside pipe wall；Ceramic heater set
In cathode tube leading portion periphery, groove is provided with the outside of ceramic heater, heating wire winding is in ceramic heater outer side slot, outside heater
It is enclosed on outside ceramic heater；Cathode tube ceramic jacket is enclosed on outside cathode tube, the afterbody titanium disk of end thereof contacts cathode tube, separately
End thereof contacts ceramic heater, cathode tube ceramic jacket barrier heating wire contact with cathode tube；Heat shielding is located at heater jacket periphery,
Heat shielding by whole ceramic heater bag wherein；Cavity is provided with the middle part of ceramic flange, the afterbody titanium disk of cathode tube is located at cavity
Interior, afterbody titanium disk, ceramic flange, the flange in the bottom of cathode tube are fixedly connected, and ceramic flange is located at the afterbody titanium circle of cathode tube
Between disk and flange in the bottom；Touch to hold and aperture is provided with the top of level, inside is provided with annular projection, and heat shielding is held in level positioned at tactile, passes through ring
Shape projection carries out radial positioning to heat shielding；Ceramic catch be located at ceramic flange and touch hold level between, by ceramic catch, ceramic flange
Hold level with touching and be fixed on flange in the bottom；Ceramic flange, the center of flange in the bottom are equipped with through hole.
The advantage of the invention is that：
(1) design of line arrangements：It is clipped in the ceramic catch for touching and holding between level and ceramic flange, three through holes of its side
The configuration of heating wire is greatly facilitated, has both secured the inlet and outlet position of wire, has also completely cut off wire and has touched and held connecing for grade inwall
Touch；
(2) insulating Design：Ceramic jacket outside cathode tube, contact of the heating wire with cathode tube is fully obstructed, before it
The tiles at end designs the existing positioning action to heater assembly, has been also convenient for wire and has entered heater；
(3) air-tightness designs：In the key position of hollow cathode gas circuit, using the extrusion type sealed of flexible graphite gasket,
Graphite pad high temperature resistant, yielding, good sealing effect, reliability are high；
(4) it is ingenious using bolt connection come conductive, it is contemplated that the overall dimensions of hollow cathode are smaller, and cathode internal leaves electricity for
The space very little of line, and easily intersect between each circuit, cause short circuit.Therefore by two-way wire intertwist cathode external bolt
On, it is connected indirectly to touch and holds level and cathode tube；
(5) heater periphery uses double thread groove, coordinates heaters set, both can ensure that heating wire electric wire was same in heater
One end passes in and out, and can compress electric wire again, ensure it without departing from groove.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the installation diagram of barium tungsten hollow cathode.
Fig. 2 is the three dimensional sectional view of barium tungsten hollow cathode.
Fig. 3 is the working circuit diagram of barium tungsten hollow cathode.
In figure：
1. the bolt of 2. first bolt of the first nut 3. second
4. the bolt insulation sleeve of 5. second bolt insulation sleeve of the second nut 6. first
7. touch and hold the heater jacket of 8. heat shielding of level 9.
10. the barium tungsten emitter of 11. cathode tube of ceramic heater 12.
13. the cathode tube ceramic jacket of 14. tungsten spring of graphite block 15.
16. the ceramic ceramic flange of 17. graphite gasket of catch 18.
19. the heater of 301. hollow cathode of flange in the bottom 302.
303. touch hold the vacuum chamber of 304. anode shield of level 305.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention is a kind of barium tungsten hollow cathode, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, generally segmented cylindrical structural, using envelope
Enclosed is touched and holds level 7 and armored heater (ceramic heater 10 is armored heater), and barium tungsten hollow cathode is arranged on Hall
The outside of thruster, both axis are in the same plane, and angled.
Barium tungsten hollow cathode include touch hold level 7, heat shielding 8, ceramic heater 10, heater jacket 9, barium tungsten emitter 12,
Cathode tube 11, graphite block 13, tungsten spring 14, cathode tube ceramic jacket 15, ceramic catch 16, ceramic flange 18, flange in the bottom 19,
Graphite gasket 17, the second bolt ceramic jacket 5, the first bolt insulation sleeve 6 and the first bolt 2, the second bolt 3 and the first nut 1,
Second nut 4.
Cathode tube 11 is made up of three parts：Afterbody titanium disk, middle part tantalum pipe, top cerium tungsten disk, three parts pass through respectively
It is welded to connect, top cerium tungsten disc centre is provided with aperture；
Barium tungsten emitter 12 is the core component of the present invention, and barium tungsten emitter 12 is packed into cathode tube 11, and close to the moon
The top cerium tungsten disk of the front end of pole pipe 11, the center drilling of barium tungsten emitter 12, for assembling thermoelectron ionized gas working medium；
Graphite block 13 and tungsten spring 14 are also filled in cathode tube 11 successively, and tungsten spring is obstructed using graphite block 13
14 and barium tungsten reflector 12, the barium tungsten emitter 12 of front end and graphite block 13 are fixed using the elasticity of tungsten spring 14, is protected
The barium tungsten emitter 12 of card front end can be close to the inwall of cathode tube 11 under any circumstance；
Ceramic heater 10 is sheathed heater, is directly sleeved on the leading portion of cathode tube 11, and spiral shell is carved with the outside of ceramic heater 10
Groove, it is convenient to wind heating wire, by heating wire winding in the thread groove of the outer surface of ceramic heater 10 and then by outside heater
Set 9 is enclosed on outside ceramic heater 10, ensures that heating wire will not eject thread groove, to reduce heat loss；
Cathode tube ceramic jacket 15 is directly sleeved on outside cathode tube 11, the afterbody titanium disk of end thereof contacts cathode tube 11, another
End in contact ceramic heater 10, cathode tube ceramic jacket 15 have obstructed contact of the heating wire with cathode tube 11, cathode tube ceramic jacket 15
3/4 vacancy of front end is easy to heater strip introducing ceramic heater 10, and the front end of cathode tube ceramic jacket 15 can be to ceramics
Heater 10 carries out axially position；
Heat shielding 8 is located at the periphery of heater jacket 9, and heat shielding 8 wraps whole ceramic heater 10 wherein, reduces heater 10
The radiant heat transfer of level 7 is held with touching, reaches the purpose of insulation, is advantageous to maintain the self-heating pattern of hollow cathode；
The middle part of ceramic flange 18 is provided with cavity, and the afterbody titanium disk of cathode tube 11 is located in cavity, by the first bolt 2,
Afterbody titanium disk, ceramic flange 18, the flange in the bottom 19 of cathode tube 11 are fixedly connected by the first nut 1, and ceramic flange 18 is located at
Between the afterbody titanium disk and flange in the bottom 19 of cathode tube 11, the periphery of the first bolt 2 is provided with the first bolt insulation sleeve 6, cathode tube
Graphite gasket 17 is additionally provided between 11 afterbody titanium disk and ceramic flange 18；
It is thin-wall construction to touch and hold level 7, and top is provided with aperture, and inside is provided with annular projection, and the purpose of aperture is to export heat
Electronics, heat shielding 8 are held in level 7 positioned at tactile, and radial positioning is carried out to heat shielding 8 by annular projection；
Ceramic catch 16 be located at ceramic flange 18 and touch hold level 7 between, the second bolt 3 sequentially pass through touch holds level 7, ceramics gear
Piece 16, ceramic flange 18, flange in the bottom 19, the second bolt 3 coordinate with the second nut 4, by ceramic catch 16, the and of ceramic flange 18
Touch and hold level 7 and be fixed on flange in the bottom 19, the periphery of the second bolt 3 is provided with the second bolt ceramic jacket 5, flange in the bottom 19 both played by
Whole hollow cathode is fixed on the effect on support, also by the threaded connection admission line of afterbody；Ceramic flange 18 and bottom
Graphite gasket 17 is additionally provided between flange 19；
Ceramic flange 18, the center of flange in the bottom 19 are equipped with through hole, and the through hole at the center of ceramic flange 18, is in air inlet
Between link, respectively there is boss at the both ends of through hole, for placing graphite packing ring 17, flange in the bottom are forced by the thrust of the first bolt 2
19 and the groove of cathode tube 11 in graphite gasket 17 be deformed, so as to have the function that gas circuit seal；
Ceramic catch 16 together, carries out physical insulation, ceramics with ceramic flange 18 by touching to hold between level 7 and flange in the bottom 19
The side of catch 16 is uniform-distribution with three through holes, in order to the importing and export of heating wire；
The first bolt insulation sleeve 6, the second bolt ceramic jacket 5 of two kinds of specifications are separately mounted to the respective aperture of flange in the bottom 19
In, reach the purpose for stopping that the first bolt 2, the second bolt 3 and flange in the bottom 19 directly contact, to ensure powered cathode tube 11
Hold level 7 with touching and will not be turned on because of the connection of bolt with flange in the bottom 19.
As shown in figure 3, the present invention barium tungsten hollow cathode working circuit diagram, including hollow cathode 301, heater 302, touch
Hold level 303, anode shield 304, vacuum chamber 305.
The hollow cathode 301 can continue transmitting thermoelectron under the energy that heater 302 is provided, and described touch holds level
303 can maintain discharge current larger between hollow cathode and anode shield 304, and the vacuum chamber 305 can be whole device
Necessary vacuum environment is provided, in the electronic circuit as shown in figure 3, the power supply of heater 302 is constant-current supply, for simplicity, is touched
It is two to hold level 303 it is actual to connect power supply, is high-tension ignition power supply and D.C. regulated power supply respectively, and the electricity in real work pushes away
Power device is then replaced with anode shield, as illustrated connects the circuit of each part, it then follows can make hollow cathode 301 with bottom sequence
Normal work：
(1) electric current 4A is passed through to heater 302 first, emitter is slowly heated, until 1100 DEG C or so；
(2) apply 250~300V voltage to anode shield 304, be ready for the electron emission of hollow cathode 301；
(3) Xe gas is passed through in hollow cathode 301, flow rate 3.5sccm.The application of pole 303 ignition voltage is held to touching, is gradually risen
Up to 110V, make emitter and touch to hold to produce gas discharge between level 303；
(4) after lighting a fire successfully, touching and hold the power supply of level 303 and be transposed to D.C. regulated power supply, voltage maintains 20V, this
When close heater, hollow cathode 301 can be in self-maintained discharge state.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of barium tungsten hollow cathode, it is characterised in that hold level, heat shielding, ceramic heater, heater jacket, barium tungsten including touching
Emitter, cathode tube, graphite block, tungsten spring, cathode tube ceramic jacket, ceramic catch, ceramic flange, flange in the bottom；
Cathode tube includes afterbody titanium disk, middle part tantalum pipe and top cerium tungsten disk, is fixedly connected sequentially, top cerium tungsten disc centre
Provided with aperture；Barium tungsten emitter is located in cathode tube, and close to the top cerium tungsten disk of cathode tube front end, barium tungsten emitter center is opened
Hole；Graphite block and tungsten spring are respectively positioned in cathode tube, and graphite block barrier tungsten spring and barium tungsten reflector, tungsten spring pass through bullet
Property fix front end barium tungsten emitter and graphite block, barium tungsten emitter is close to negative electrode inside pipe wall；Ceramic heater is enclosed on the moon
Pole pipe leading portion periphery, ceramic heater outside are provided with groove, and heating wire winding is in ceramic heater outer side slot, heater jacket set
Outside ceramic heater；Cathode tube ceramic jacket is enclosed on outside cathode tube, the afterbody titanium disk of end thereof contacts cathode tube, the other end
Ceramic heater is contacted, cathode tube ceramic jacket barrier heating wire contacts with cathode tube；Heat shielding is located at heater jacket periphery, heat shielding
By whole ceramic heater bag wherein；Cavity is provided with the middle part of ceramic flange, the afterbody titanium disk of cathode tube is located in cavity, cloudy
Afterbody titanium disk, ceramic flange, the flange in the bottom of pole pipe are fixedly connected, and ceramic flange is located at afterbody titanium disk and the bottom of cathode tube
Between portion's flange；Touch to hold and aperture is provided with the top of level, inside is provided with annular projection, and heat shielding is held in level positioned at tactile, passes through annular projection
Radial positioning is carried out to heat shielding；Ceramic catch be located at ceramic flange and touch hold level between, by ceramic catch, ceramic flange and touch hold
Level is fixed on flange in the bottom；Ceramic flange, the center of flange in the bottom are equipped with through hole.
2. a kind of barium tungsten hollow cathode according to claim 1, the ceramic flange, the flange in the bottom and the negative electrode
The afterbody titanium disk of pipe is fixed by the first bolt, the first nut, and the first bolt periphery is provided with the first bolt insulation sleeve.
It is described tactile to hold level, ceramic catch, ceramic flange, bottom 3. a kind of barium tungsten hollow cathode according to claim 1
Flange is fixed by the second bolt, the second nut, and the second bolt periphery is provided with the second bolt ceramic jacket.
4. a kind of barium tungsten hollow cathode according to claim 1, described ceramic flange, the two of flange in the bottom central through hole
End is equipped with boss, for placing graphite packing ring.
5. a kind of barium tungsten hollow cathode according to claim 1, described flange in the bottom afterbody is provided with screw thread, for connecting
Admission line.
6. a kind of barium tungsten hollow cathode according to claim 1, the side of described ceramic catch are uniform-distribution with three
Through hole, importing and export for heating wire.
7. a kind of barium tungsten hollow cathode according to claim 1, described cathode tube ceramic jacket front end is provided with 3/4 vacancy,
For heater strip to be introduced into ceramic heater.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610244994.0A CN105788998B (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2016-04-19 | A kind of small size, small-power barium tungsten hollow cathode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610244994.0A CN105788998B (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2016-04-19 | A kind of small size, small-power barium tungsten hollow cathode |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105788998A CN105788998A (en) | 2016-07-20 |
| CN105788998B true CN105788998B (en) | 2017-11-21 |
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Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106438251B (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2019-01-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Novel hollow cathode thruster |
| CN107633986B (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2023-09-05 | 金华职业技术学院 | Method for generating electron beam |
| CN108571431B (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2019-07-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of mechanical support structure of magnetic focusing hall thruster hollow cathode |
| CN108463046B (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2023-10-10 | 安徽工业大学 | Hand-held air electric spark cold plasma shock wave jet device |
| GB2573570A (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2019-11-13 | Univ Southampton | Hollow cathode apparatus |
| CN110137056B (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2023-12-19 | 南华大学 | Suspension heating type electron source assembly |
| CN111038741B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-03-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Hectowatt-level aerospace electric propulsion hollow cathode structure |
| CN111927725B (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2021-07-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Hollow cathode emitter structure |
| CN114718830B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2024-05-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Working medium-free annular hot wire cathode |
| CN115234458A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-10-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | Reusable small hollow cathode based on double-spiral heater structure |
| CN118231201B (en) * | 2024-05-24 | 2024-08-02 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Electromagnetic induction heating starting self-sustaining compact hollow cathode source |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4461970A (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1984-07-24 | General Electric Company | Shielded hollow cathode electrode for fluorescent lamp |
| DE3666750D1 (en) * | 1985-09-27 | 1989-12-07 | Siemens Ag | Indirectly heated dispenser-type cathode for electric discharge vessels |
| US4840595A (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1989-06-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electron beam catcher for velocity modulated electron tubes |
| CN101599400B (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2011-02-09 | 中国航天科技集团公司第五研究院第五一○研究所 | Assembly type hollow cathode heater |
| CN203504872U (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-03-26 | 成都四态科技有限责任公司 | Long life plasma generator anode |
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