CN105787159B - A kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Product Modeling Methods based on Products Eco system model, the concept of the ecosystem in biology is introduced into product, the Products Eco system includes environment, product individual, Product Population and product group, the environment changes over time, factor including directly or indirectly influencing product composition, the product individual is the single part for forming product, the Product Population is the part in product with identical structure and function, the product group is the combination that the population of some function is realized in product, method includes the following steps: (1) is respectively to the environment, product individual, Product Population and product group establish model；(2) network of personal connections of Products Eco system is established, the model and network of personal connections of step (1) collectively form the ecological models of product.Compared with prior art, the present invention has many advantages, such as intelligence.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to intellectual product design fields, build more particularly, to a kind of product based on Products Eco system model
Mould method.
Background technique
Modern industry has the characteristics that information dense, knowledge-intensive, and to meet growth requirement, the design method of product is with intelligence
Energyization, it is integrated, be automated as developing direction, intelligent design is to solve the problems, such as this inexorable trend.Intelligent design is people
The intelligent new system for combining and being formed with computer aided design system of work.It is input with user function demand, with product
Design scheme is described as exporting, and function, performance, materials, the process etc. that comprehensively consider product optimize scheme, to reach
To the target of Automated Design.
As product structure tends to be complicated, function tends to Composite and integrated, and product design process will be produced towards complexity
Product.Complex product refers to high cost, extensive, high-tech, the product of engineering-intensive type, subsystem, system or facility；Complexity produces
The customer demand of product is complicated, product form is complicated, manufacturing process is complicated, test maintenance is complicated, project management is complicated, working environment
It is complicated.But in real work, and not all complex product is all to be designed from scratch, the study found that about 70% production
Product design can be classified as adaptability design, i.e. product design is changed.Design alteration refers to design department to former construction drawing and sets
Count the change and modification of design standard state expressed in file.Studies have shown that caused by design alteration in complex product
Loss up to ten million.Therefore, it need to be studied for existing design alteration processes a large amount of in the design process of complex product.
Summary of the invention
It is based on it is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide one kind is intelligentized
Concept of Ecosystem is introduced product design process, proposes Products Eco system by the Product Modeling Method of Products Eco system model
System concept, and usage behavior stream theory establishes phylogenetic relationship net to model to Products Eco system.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of product based on Products Eco system model
The concept of the ecosystem in biology is introduced into product by modeling method, and the Products Eco system includes environment, product
Body, Product Population and product group, the environment change over time, the factor including directly or indirectly influencing product composition,
The product individual is the single part for forming product, and the Product Population is in product with identical structure and function
Part, the product group are the combination that the population of some function is realized in product, method includes the following steps:
(1) model is established to the environment, product individual, Product Population and product group respectively；
(2) network of personal connections of Products Eco system is established, the model and network of personal connections of step (1) collectively form the ecosystem of product
System model.
The model of the environment is following formula:
ENV={ object, t, n, CPN-E }
Wherein,Object indicates the object that environment is directed to；T table
Show the time, initial value 0, n indicates the number of composing factor in the environment, CPN-E indicate include in the environment
All factors are composing factor CPNi, composing factor weighing factor ωi, influence relationship f (CPN between composing factor and objecti,
Object set), composing factor CPNiRefer to product individual, Product Population or the product group directly related with object.
The model of the product individual is following formula:
PI-obj={ object, Sobj,Fobj,RESobj,ENV-obj}
Wherein, object representative products individual, SobjThe structural information of representative products individual is material, the shape of product individual
The set of shape and size, FobjRepresent the function of individual, FobjValue range be connection, transmitting, support, energy storage, RESobjIt represents
Itself restrictive condition of product individual, environment locating for ENV-obj representative products individual, use environment expression formula indicate.
The model of the Product Population is following formula:
PP={ object, n, Fobj, ∪ PI, ENV-PP }, PI ∈ PP
Wherein, object indicates that the product individual in Product Population, n are the number of product individual in Product Population, FobjIt produces
The common function of product individual, ∪ PI is existing product group of individuals in Product Population, locating for ENV-PP representative products population
Environment.
The model of the product group is following formula:
PC={ F, ∪ PC, ∪ f (PC), ENV-PC }
Wherein, F represents the function of the Product Population of composition product group, all Product Populations in ∪ PC representative products group
Set, ∪ f (PC) indicates the relationship between Product Population, environment locating for ENV-PC representative products group.
In the Products Eco system, product group links together according to setting relationship, realizes the function of product.
The network of personal connections of the Products Eco system includes node and side, and the node is product individual, the side
For connecting two directly related nodes.
The present invention is on the basis of behavior stream, and for the deficiency in current production conceptual design, the angle of subordinate act is set out,
This ecological scope of the innovative introducing ecosystem proposes the Products Eco system model of Behavior-based control stream come more than solving
Problem.
As theoretical basis of the invention, the present invention will be to the ecosystem, mainly its institutional framework and its independently evolution
Mechanism is studied.The ecosystem (ecosystem) typically refer to move in a certain area biology (for life part) and its
Ambient enviroment (for non-life part) interacts the system that is collectively formed, life part and non-life part in the ecosystem
The two interdependence mutually restricts, is of equal importance, indispensable.
In the ecosystem, non-biological moieties include environment and other raw material of substance.Biological moieties, according to different standards,
It can carry out a variety of divisions.
Biological moieties in the ecosystem are divided according to factors such as the characteristic of function, scale size and energy variation ranges
Are as follows: group, population, individual three levels (level that the present invention only studies individual level or more).Individual be in the ecosystem most
The component on basis.Population refers in certain time and space, the summation of same organism individual.Group is institute in a given area
The natural combination of the various biotic populations inhabited.For example, a sheep in grassland is individual, all sheep composition populations, and grassland
In all populations then constitute group.
By biology in the substance of system, energy transmission role, biology is divided into the producer, consumer, analyst:
The main effect of the producer be by the fixed solar energy of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis and chemical energy, be outside energy into
Enter the channel of the ecosystem；Consumer cannot directly absorb energy in system environments, but depend directly or indirectly on production
Organic substance manufactured by person.Consumer plays important regulating and controlling effect in the ecosystem to other biological population quantity；Point
Solution person's effect is with the producer on the contrary, predominantly releasing energy.The main expression by way of food chain of connection between three.
The ecosystem is not unalterable, to be internal system biology contacted by food web and with environmental interaction
The organized entirety formed.Under certain environment state, internal structure can continue to exist, and it is certain to show that its structure has
The stability of degree.The ecosystem is the organic whole with certain structure He " adaptive " function as organized entirety.
In order to adapt to the continuous variation of environment, the ecosystem always develops in a certain way actively, constantly by internal from group
Process is knitted so that whole system is harmonious.This adaptivity is the most basic function of various organisms.
The adaptation mechanism of the ecosystem is are as follows: for the variation of environment, the biology directly affected is changed, and will
Variation is propagated in system, then the balance of the ecosystem is destroyed, and negative-feedback is adjusted by population, is reduced environmental change and is brought
Influence, adapt to environmental change.
The ecosystem by the self-organizing of system, it is adaptive realize autonomous evolutionary process, i.e., for the change of external environment
Change, internal structure can be adjusted independently, automatically to adapt to environmental change.Institutional framework of the realization independently evolved based on system,
Relationship i.e. between composing factor and each factor: individual itself is evolved, and is influenced each other between multiple bodies by network of personal connections, phase mutual election
It selects, promotes system external that adaptivity is presented.
There are similitudes in institutional framework, evolutionary process therebetween with the ecosystem for product design:
1. the ecosystem and Complex Product System have similitude: they are all made of a variety of individuals, have the interior of complexity
Higher complexity is presented in portion's institutional framework, system；In certain circumstances, system has stable institutional framework, is in phase
To the state of balance；System completes certain function by mass exchange, energy flow and the information transmitting between individual.
2. for product design process, with the ecosystem with similitude: firstly, being similar to bion, producing
Product individual, which has, to be generated, evolves, eliminating the life cycle to disappear；Individual is present in specific environment, it then follows what Darwin proposed
Natural selection rule, when individual is no longer desirable for environment, product will be eliminated, and interact, interact with environment；This
Outside, product and environment carry out substance, energy and information exchange to adapt to environment.
Therefore, product systems can be considered as to the ecosystem, the evolutionary mechanism in model ecosystem realizes product systems
It is autonomous to evolve to adapt to change in environment.The present invention introduces Concept of Ecosystem in Complex Product System, by entire product construction
It is defined as Products Eco system.And think as the ecosystem, Products Eco system is adapted to outer by internal self-organizing process
The variation of boundary's environment, the ability with autonomous evolution reasoning.
It defines Products Eco system: in certain spatial dimension, passing through substance, energy, letter between different components
The exchange and transmitting of breath are influenced each other, are mutually selected, and externally realize that certain function, should to adapt to environment as complete system
Complete functional unit is known as Products Eco system.
To realize that Products Eco system to the adaptive of environment, passes through certain group between the different components in system
Structure is knitted to interknit, interact.Its component is analyzed first.
Similar to the ecosystem, the component of Products Eco system is divided into product dvielement and environment.
Environment (Environment, ENV): environment refers to around a certain particular individual or product group the summation of all, including
Directly or indirectly influence the various factors of product group existence.
For Products Eco system, environment refers to the summation of all non-product elements of surrounding, including directly or indirectly influences
The various factors of product group existence.Environment provides substance and energy for product element.
Regard entire machine as a Products Eco system, to components therein, according to functional characteristic and whether can divide
It tears open, is classified as three product individual, Product Population, product group organisational levels.
1 product individual, i.e., " part ": the single product that can not be decoupled of composition Products Eco system.Part is composition
The most basic unit of machine.Such as, a nut is a part.
2 Product Populations, i.e. " certain class part ": with category group of individuals in a certain space.Structure having the same,
The part of functional characteristic constitutes same population.Such as, all nuts in whole system constitute a population.
3 product groups, i.e. " component ": the population combination of some function is realized in system.Group can be an individual,
It can be the assembly of multiple individuals.In this assembly, there is an individual to play a leading role, it realizes set movement
(or function), other individuals only serve the booster actions such as connection, fastening.Such as, door is fixed on the wall by hinge.Wherein,
Door is major part.The simple functions such as the achievable rotation of the component.
It is linked together between product difference parts and components with certain institutional framework, by relative motion, converts or utilize machine
Tool energy, it is externally common to realize system function.
According to the difference for completing function, different components can be divided into:
Connection: the connection of different zero (portion) parts is realized.Such as thread connection, cottering, pin connection, riveting.
Transfer function: the V belt translation of passing movement and energy, transmission shaft etc. zero (portion) part.
Support function: the components of load-bearing, supporting role, such as bearing, cabinet and base are played.
Energy-storage function: such as flywheel, spring, transmitting and conversion for energy.
Other function.
In Products Eco system, realizes that the components of different function link together according to certain relationship, realize substance
The transmitting of circulation, energy.
By part function classification above, we can be understood that substance, energy in system between individual
Flow direction.The relationship defined between part individual is as follows:
(1) intraspecific mutualism, intraspecific competition.
Similar to the ecosystem, there is also intraspecific mutualism and intraspecific competitions in Product Population.
(2) it is different from the ecosystem, Different Individual realizes function by determining relative motion in product design process.Base
In this viewpoint, interspecies relation can define:
1 symbiosis: individual can not individualism, it is only common in the presence of achievable corresponding function, such as: blade fixes door
In wall, during being somebody's turn to do, blade and screw complete fixed function jointly.
2 commensalism: individual can individualism Beneficial Effect is all generated to both sides but when they exist simultaneously.Such as: two
The components to be linked together by pin connection.
3 predations: the substance or Energy Dependence of certain individual in the output of another individual, as connecting rod it is mobile by energy from one
Side is transmitted to the other side, and the components of conveyor belt two sides have Predatory relation.
4 is parasitic: a kind of components must be connect with other components, could complete certain function.The part cannot be independent
In the presence of, but the part is not with the presence or absence of influencing other components.Example: piston ring.
5 competitions: individual realizes identical function, e.g., using rectangle ceramic tile and square ceramic tile covering with a piece of ground.
One, system interior element models
Above, the components relationship that we provide is based on existing design knowledge, by what is be accomplished manually.It should to realize
The automation of process, binding function attribute provide related mathematics and are defined as follows:
1 environment (Environment, ENV): environment is directed to Mr. Yu's special object, changes over time and changes.Therefore environment table
State for
ENV={ object, t, n, CPN-E }
In formula, object indicates the object that environment is directed to；T indicates moment, initial value 0；N indicates composing factor in environment
Number；CPN-E indicates all factors for including in environment, is composing factor CPNi, composing factor weighing factor ωi, group the origin cause of formation
Influence relationship f (CPN between son and objecti, object) set.Wherein, composing factor refers to the product directly related with object
Individual, Product Population, product group or other material factors, bigger to object influences, weight is bigger, the influence relationship to object
Can define equation group indicates.
2 products individual (Product Individual, PI):
PI-obj={ object, Sobj,Fobj,RESobj,ENV-obj}
Sobj=whether can change | and material | external shape | size ... }
Wherein, object representative products individual, SobjThe structural information of representative products individual is material, the shape of product individual
The set of shape and size, FobjThe functional information of representative products individual, value range be connection, transmitting, support, energy storage, other.
RESobjThe restrictive condition of representative products individual itself.Environment locating for ENV-obj representative products individual, can be used environment expression
Formula indicates.
3 Product Populations (Product Population, PP):
PP={ object, n, Fobj, ∪ PI, ENV-PP }, PI ∈ PP
With the part structure having the same of population, functional characteristic.Therefore object indicates the product in Product Population in formula
Individual, n are the number of product individual in Product Population, FobjThe as common function of product individual, ∪ object are Product Population
Interior existing product group of individuals, environment locating for ENV-PP representative products population.
4 product groups (Product Community, PC):
PC={ F, ∪ PC, ∪ f (PC), ENV-PC }
Wherein, F represents the function of the Product Population of composition product group, all Product Populations in ∪ PC representative products group
Set, ∪ f (PC) indicate Product Population between relationship, such as symbiosis, competition.Ring locating for ENV-PP representative products group
Border.For the relationship between Product Population in system, may also indicate that are as follows:
Symbiosis:PI1、PI2Can not individualism, complete function F in the presence of common.
Commensalism:PI1、PI2Can individualism, it is common in the presence of to mutually beneficial and complete function F.
Predation:PI1、PI2Can individualism, PI2Input dependence in PI1Output.
It is parasitic:PI1Dependent on PI2Complete function F, and PI1Presence depend on PI2, PI2Presence
With PI1With the presence or absence of unrelated.
Competition:PI1、PI2Function F, PI can be achieved1Growth lead to PI2Decrease.
In Products Eco system, product group links together according to setting relationship, realizes the function of product.
The concept of phylogenetic relationship net:
The information flow of the connection and its inside between compositing factor to describe Products Eco system, in conjunction in the ecosystem
The concept of food chain is established phylogenetic relationship net and is modeled to Products Eco system.
It defines phylogenetic relationship net: being directed to specific Products Eco system, indicated between each constituent using network structure
Connection: different individual in node expression system, side indicates the connection between individual, as directly related Shi Lianyi between two nodes
Side, on the contrary do not connect side.
Since design procedure is more, design structure is complicated in product design process, relationships between nodes multiplicity, therefore simple network is not
Its modeling process of energy accurate description, models system structure using complex network.Community structure in complex network can be with
Visually represent individual, population, group concept: system is by different population composings, and individual contact is close in population, population
Between contacted by limited individual with other populations.Because the relationship between individual, group is two-way influence, therefore use
Non-directed graph indicates network of personal connections.
Phylogenetic relationship net modeling process:
Relationship between individual is to realize the transmitting of matter and energy and existing structure, energy relationship after all.
And behavior is the origin for causing substance, energy state variation, and therefore, the connection between usage behavior building individual.The present invention uses
Complex network indicates internal system network of personal connections, and usage behavior stream constructs the network of personal connections.
The definition of behavior stream:
It is presently believed that behavior is objective reality, it is by the objective expression of individual change procedure and result institute.The present invention
To behavior (B) from the point of view of function, it is believed that function executes realization by behavior, some function is realized in each behavior,
Certain input is converted to specific output, complicated behavior can be with the behavior of further division lower level.
Definition line are as follows: behavior is a kind of change to operation object state.For product design, the state master of object
Refer to structure, the functional information of object.
Definition product behavior is B, the mathematic(al) representation of behavior B are as follows:
Wherein, F indicates the function of behavior completion, and F=(Δ MAT, Δ E), Δ MAT can use binary group (MATin,MATout)
It indicates, MATin、MAToutRespectively indicate the substance of input, output.Δ E indicates the variation of energy, including potential energy Ep, kinetic energy Ek, heat
The variation of transformation and energy total amount between energy Q.
Wherein, PI-Obj is individual collections, represents the individual that the behavior directly affects.N represents the individual of behavior influence
Number.F indicates Behavioral change function, is the quantitative connection between two individuals, equation can be used to indicate in true environment.
Some functions are realized that some functions are realized by the behavior serially occurred by the behavior occurred parallel, realize any function
Can behavior sequence be all be made up of in parallel and serial behavior, and behavior itself can by the behavior of lower level by parallel and
It is composed in series.Parallel behavior can be expressed as B=(b1 ∪ b2), serial behavior is expressed as B=(B1 | B2).
Definition behavior stream: realize that the behavior sequence of specific function is known as the behavior stream of the function:
BF=F, (B | (B ∪ B))+
Wherein F indicates the function that behavior stream is completed, and F=(Δ MAT, Δ E) statement equally can be used.
B indicates a behavior, serially carries out between symbol " | " expression behavior, after previous behavior, just can be performed subsequent
Behavior, symbol "+" indicate that at least containing once behavior, F is the function that behavior stream is realized.
Behavior-based control stream theory establishes phylogenetic relationship net:
It, can will be individual on the basis of the modeling of system compositing factor by the definition above to behavior and behavior stream
It is connected by respective behavior.
According to existing individual, individual nodes are established.Usage behavior stream theory realizes the mapping of function to behavior, and by function
Substance, energy relationship are established between the individual nodes that can be influenced, usage behavior changes function and carries out quantitative expression, finally establishes complete
Phylogenetic relationship figure.As it can be seen that being closed when environment generates variation where system by the state of behavior change individual, and in system
It is to pass the change of the state by behavior in figure.After all, phylogenetic relationship figure is between the relationship individual in system
It is stated, and when system generates variation, transmits the change of individual state.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
(1) innovative that the concept of the ecosystem is introduced into product systems, entire product construction is defined as product and is given birth to
State system, and think as the ecosystem, Products Eco system adapts to the change of external environment by internal self-organizing process
Change, the ability with autonomous evolution reasoning；
(2) Products Eco system is divided into three individual, population and group levels by the present invention, and establishes respective mathematical modulo
Type interacts between individual, population and group；
(3) connection between usage behavior statement system individual, behavior directly correspond to structure, build on the basis of behavior stream
Erection system network of personal connections is with to Products Eco system modelling, therefore product model has practicability, the propagation suitable for design alteration
And the dynamic process of resolution；
(4) Products Eco system can simulate the ecosystem in nature, can not only indicate internal system each group
At ingredient and its connection, more can be adapted for propagating and degradation status process, as the transmitting carrier of product design change, for into
One step carries out research to product design change and provides good model vehicle.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of Products Eco phylogenetic relationship net.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention is on the basis of behavior stream, and for the deficiency in current production conceptual design, the angle of subordinate act is set out,
This ecological scope of the innovative introducing ecosystem proposes the Products Eco system model of Behavior-based control stream come more than solving
Problem.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of product based on Products Eco system model
The concept of the ecosystem in biology is introduced into product by modeling method, and Products Eco system includes environment, product individual, produces
Breeds and product group, environment change over time, and the factor including directly or indirectly influencing product composition, product individual is group
At the single part of product, Product Population is the part in product with identical structure and function, and product group is real in product
The combination of the population of some existing function, method includes the following steps:
(1) model is established to environment, product individual, Product Population and product group respectively；
(2) network of personal connections of Products Eco system is established, the model and network of personal connections of step (1) collectively form the ecosystem of product
System model.
As theoretical basis of the invention, the present invention is to the ecosystem, mainly its institutional framework and its machine of independently evolving
System is studied.The ecosystem (ecosystem) typically refers to move in biology (for life part) and its week in a certain area
Collarette border (for non-life part) interacts the system that is collectively formed, life part and non-life part two in the ecosystem
Person's interdependence mutually restricts, is of equal importance, indispensable.
In the ecosystem, non-biological moieties include environment and other raw material of substance.Biological moieties, according to different standards,
It can carry out a variety of divisions.
Biological moieties in the ecosystem are divided according to factors such as the characteristic of function, scale size and energy variation ranges
Are as follows: group, population, individual three levels (level that the present invention only studies individual level or more).Individual be in the ecosystem most
The component on basis.Population refers in certain time and space, the summation of same organism individual.Group is institute in a given area
The natural combination of the various biotic populations inhabited.For example, a sheep in grassland is individual, all sheep composition populations, and grassland
In all populations then constitute group.
By biology in the substance of system, energy transmission role, biology is divided into the producer, consumer, analyst:
The main effect of the producer be by the fixed solar energy of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis and chemical energy, be outside energy into
Enter the channel of the ecosystem；Consumer cannot directly absorb energy in system environments, but depend directly or indirectly on production
Organic substance manufactured by person.Consumer plays important regulating and controlling effect in the ecosystem to other biological population quantity；Point
Solution person's effect is with the producer on the contrary, predominantly releasing energy.The main expression by way of food chain of connection between three.
The ecosystem is not unalterable, to be internal system biology contacted by food web and with environmental interaction
The organized entirety formed.Under certain environment state, internal structure can continue to exist, and it is certain to show that its structure has
The stability of degree.The ecosystem is the organic whole with certain structure He " adaptive " function as organized entirety.
In order to adapt to the continuous variation of environment, the ecosystem always develops in a certain way actively, constantly by internal from group
Process is knitted so that whole system is harmonious.This adaptivity is the most basic function of various organisms.
The adaptation mechanism of the ecosystem is are as follows: for the variation of environment, the biology directly affected is changed, and will
Variation is propagated in system, then the balance of the ecosystem is destroyed, and negative-feedback is adjusted by population, is reduced environmental change and is brought
Influence, adapt to environmental change.
The ecosystem by the self-organizing of system, it is adaptive realize autonomous evolutionary process, i.e., for the change of external environment
Change, internal structure can be adjusted independently, automatically to adapt to environmental change.Institutional framework of the realization independently evolved based on system,
Relationship i.e. between composing factor and each factor: individual itself is evolved, and is influenced each other between multiple bodies by network of personal connections, phase mutual election
It selects, promotes system external that adaptivity is presented.
There are similitudes in institutional framework, evolutionary process therebetween with the ecosystem for product design:
1. the ecosystem and Complex Product System have similitude: they are all made of a variety of individuals, have the interior of complexity
Higher complexity is presented in portion's institutional framework, system；In certain circumstances, system has stable institutional framework, is in phase
To the state of balance；System completes certain function by mass exchange, energy flow and the information transmitting between individual.
2. for product design process, with the ecosystem with similitude: firstly, being similar to bion, producing
Product individual, which has, to be generated, evolves, eliminating the life cycle to disappear；Individual is present in specific environment, it then follows what Darwin proposed
Natural selection rule, when individual is no longer desirable for environment, product will be eliminated, and interact, interact with environment；This
Outside, product and environment carry out substance, energy and information exchange to adapt to environment.
Therefore, product systems can be considered as to the ecosystem, the evolutionary mechanism in model ecosystem realizes product systems
It is autonomous to evolve to adapt to change in environment.The present invention introduces Concept of Ecosystem in Complex Product System, by entire product construction
It is defined as Products Eco system.And think as the ecosystem, Products Eco system is adapted to outer by internal self-organizing process
The variation of boundary's environment, the ability with autonomous evolution reasoning.
It defines Products Eco system: in certain spatial dimension, passing through substance, energy, letter between different components
The exchange and transmitting of breath are influenced each other, are mutually selected, and externally realize that certain function, should to adapt to environment as complete system
Complete functional unit is known as Products Eco system.
To realize that Products Eco system to the adaptive of environment, passes through certain group between the different components in system
Structure is knitted to interknit, interact.Its component is analyzed first.
Similar to the ecosystem, the component of Products Eco system is divided into product dvielement and environment.
Environment (Environment, ENV): environment refers to around a certain particular individual or product group the summation of all, including
Directly or indirectly influence the various factors of product group existence.
For Products Eco system, environment refers to the summation of all non-product elements of surrounding, including directly or indirectly influences
The various factors of product group existence.Environment provides substance and energy for product element.
Regard entire machine as a Products Eco system, to components therein, according to functional characteristic and whether can divide
It tears open, is classified as three product individual, Product Population, product group organisational levels.
1 product individual, i.e., " part ": the single product that can not be decoupled of composition Products Eco system.Part is composition
The most basic unit of machine.Such as, a nut is a part.
2 Product Populations, i.e. " certain class part ": with category group of individuals in a certain space.Structure having the same,
The part of functional characteristic constitutes same population.Such as, all nuts in whole system constitute a population.
3 product groups, i.e. " component ": the population combination of some function is realized in system.Group can be an individual,
It can be the assembly of multiple individuals.In this assembly, there is an individual to play a leading role, it realizes set movement
(or function), other individuals only serve the booster actions such as connection, fastening.Such as, door is fixed on the wall by hinge.Wherein,
Door is major part.The simple functions such as the achievable rotation of the component.
It is linked together between product difference parts and components with certain institutional framework, by relative motion, converts or utilize machine
Tool energy, it is externally common to realize system function.
According to the difference for completing function, different components can be divided into:
Connection: the connection of different zero (portion) parts is realized.Such as thread connection, cottering, pin connection, riveting.
Transfer function: the V belt translation of passing movement and energy, transmission shaft etc. zero (portion) part.
Support function: the components of load-bearing, supporting role, such as bearing, cabinet and base are played.
Energy-storage function: such as flywheel, spring, transmitting and conversion for energy.
Other function.
In Products Eco system, realizes that the components of different function link together according to certain relationship, realize substance
The transmitting of circulation, energy.
By part function classification above, we can be understood that substance, energy in system between individual
Flow direction.The relationship defined between part individual is as follows:
(1) intraspecific mutualism, intraspecific competition.
Similar to the ecosystem, there is also intraspecific mutualism and intraspecific competitions in Product Population.
(2) it is different from the ecosystem, Different Individual realizes function by determining relative motion in product design process.Base
In this viewpoint, interspecies relation can define:
1 symbiosis: individual can not individualism, it is only common in the presence of achievable corresponding function, such as: blade fixes door
In wall, during being somebody's turn to do, blade and screw complete fixed function jointly.
2 commensalism: individual can individualism Beneficial Effect is all generated to both sides but when they exist simultaneously.Such as: two
Pass through the components of pin connection together.
3 predations: the substance or Energy Dependence of certain individual in the output of another individual, as connecting rod it is mobile by energy from one
Side is transmitted to the other side, and the components of conveyor belt two sides have Predatory relation.
4 is parasitic: a kind of components must be connect with other components, could complete certain function.The part cannot be independent
In the presence of, but the part is not with the presence or absence of influencing other components.Example: piston ring.
5 competitions: individual realizes identical function, e.g., using rectangle ceramic tile and square ceramic tile covering with a piece of ground.
One, system interior element models
Above, the components relationship that we provide is based on existing design knowledge, by what is be accomplished manually.It should to realize
The automation of process, binding function attribute provide related mathematics and are defined as follows:
1 environment (Environment, ENV): environment is directed to Mr. Yu's special object, changes over time and changes.Therefore environment table
It states are as follows:
ENV={ object, t, n, CPN-E }
In formula, object indicates the object that environment is directed to；T indicates moment, initial value 0；N indicates composing factor in environment
Number；CPN-E indicates all factors for including in environment, is composing factor CPNi, composing factor weighing factor ωi, group the origin cause of formation
Influence relationship f (CPN between son and objecti, object) set.Wherein, composing factor refer to the individual directly related with object,
Population, group or other material factors, bigger to object influences, weight is bigger, and the influence relationship to object can define equation group
It indicates.
2 products individual (Product Individual, PI):
PI-obj={ object, Sobj,Fobj,RESobj,ENV-obj}
Sobj=whether can change | and material | external shape | size ... }
Wherein, object representative products individual, SobjRepresent the structural information of individual, FobjThe functional information of individual is represented,
Value range be connection, transmitting, support, energy storage, other.RESobjRepresent the restrictive condition of individual itself.ENV-obj represents a
Environment locating for body, use environment expression formula indicate.
3 Product Populations (Product Population, PP):
PP={ object, n, Fobj, ∪ PI, ENV-PP }, PI ∈ PP
With the part structure having the same of population, functional characteristic.Therefore object indicates the product in Product Population in formula
Individual, n are the number of product individual in Product Population, FobjThe as common function of product individual, ∪ object is product kind
Qun Nei existing product group of individuals, environment locating for ENV-PP representative products population.
4 product groups (Product Community, PC):
PC={ F, ∪ PC, ∪ f (PC), ENV-PC }
Wherein, F represents the function of population realization, and ∪ PC represents the set of all populations in group, and ∪ f (PC) indicates various
Relationship between group, such as symbiosis, competition.For the relationship between population in system, may also indicate that are as follows:
Symbiosis:PI1、PI2Can not individualism, complete function F in the presence of common.
Commensalism:PI1、PI2Can individualism, it is common in the presence of to mutually beneficial and complete function F.
Predation:PI1、PI2Can individualism, PI2Input dependence in PI1Output.
It is parasitic:PI1Dependent on PI2Complete function F, and PI1Presence depend on PI2, PI2Presence
With PI1With the presence or absence of unrelated.
Competition:PI1、PI2Function F, PI can be achieved1Growth lead to PI2Decrease.
In Products Eco system, product group links together according to setting relationship, realizes the function of product.
The concept of phylogenetic relationship net:
The information flow of the connection and its inside between compositing factor to describe Products Eco system, in conjunction in the ecosystem
The concept of food chain is established phylogenetic relationship net and is modeled to Products Eco system.
It defines phylogenetic relationship net: being directed to specific Products Eco system, indicated between each constituent using network structure
Connection: different individual in node expression system, side indicates the connection between individual, as directly related Shi Lianyi between two nodes
Side, on the contrary do not connect side.
Since design procedure is more, design structure is complicated in product design process, relationships between nodes multiplicity, therefore simple network is not
Its modeling process of energy accurate description, models system structure using complex network.Community structure in complex network can be with
Visually represent individual, population, group concept: system is by different population composings, and individual contact is close in population, population
Between contacted by limited individual with other populations.Because the relationship between individual, group is two-way influence, therefore use
Non-directed graph indicates network of personal connections.
As shown in Figure 1, the network of personal connections of Products Eco system includes node and side, node is product individual, and side is for connecting
Two directly related nodes.
Phylogenetic relationship net modeling process:
Relationship between individual is to realize the transmitting of matter and energy and existing structure, energy relationship after all.
And behavior is the origin for causing substance, energy state variation, and therefore, the connection between usage behavior building individual.The present invention uses
Complex network indicates internal system network of personal connections, and usage behavior stream constructs the network of personal connections.
The definition of behavior stream:
It is presently believed that behavior is objective reality, it is by the objective expression of individual change procedure and result institute.The present invention
To behavior (B) from the point of view of function, it is believed that function executes realization by behavior, some function is realized in each behavior,
Certain input is converted to specific output, complicated behavior can be with the behavior of further division lower level.
Definition line are as follows: behavior is a kind of change to operation object state.For product design, the state master of object
Refer to structure, the functional information of object.
Definition product behavior is B, the mathematic(al) representation of behavior B are as follows:
Wherein, F indicates the function of behavior completion, and F=(Δ MAT, Δ E), Δ MAT can use binary group (MATin,MATout)
It indicates, MATin、MAToutRespectively indicate the substance of input, output.Δ E indicates the variation of energy, including potential energy Ep, kinetic energy Ek, heat
The variation of transformation and energy total amount between energy Q.
Wherein, PI-Obj is individual collections, represents the individual that the behavior directly affects.N represents the individual of behavior influence
Number.F indicates Behavioral change function, is the quantitative connection between two individuals, equation can be used to indicate in true environment.
Some functions are realized that some functions are realized by the behavior serially occurred by the behavior occurred parallel, realize any function
Can behavior sequence be all be made up of in parallel and serial behavior, and behavior itself can by the behavior of lower level by parallel and
It is composed in series.Parallel behavior can be expressed as B=(b1 ∪ b2), serial behavior is expressed as B=(B1 | B2).
Definition behavior stream: realize that the behavior sequence of specific function is known as the behavior stream of the function:
BF=F, (B | (B ∪ B))+
Wherein F indicates the function that behavior stream is completed, and F=(Δ MAT, Δ E) statement equally can be used.
B indicates a behavior, serially carries out between symbol " | " expression behavior, after previous behavior, just can be performed subsequent
Behavior, symbol "+" indicate that at least containing once behavior, F is the function that behavior stream is realized.
Behavior-based control stream theory establishes phylogenetic relationship net:
It, can will be individual on the basis of the modeling of system compositing factor by the definition above to behavior and behavior stream
It is connected by respective behavior.
According to existing individual, individual nodes are established.Usage behavior stream theory realizes the mapping of function to behavior, and by function
Substance, energy relationship are established between the individual nodes that can be influenced, usage behavior changes function and carries out quantitative expression, finally establishes complete
Phylogenetic relationship figure.As it can be seen that being closed when environment generates variation where system by the state of behavior change individual, and in system
It is to pass the change of the state by behavior in figure.After all, phylogenetic relationship figure is between the relationship individual in system
It is stated, and when system generates variation, transmits the change of individual state.
Engine is exactly an energy transfer mechanism, i.e., by the thermal energy of gasoline (diesel oil), by sealing combustor inner cylinder
When gas expansion, piston acting is pushed, is changed into mechanical energy, this is the most basic principle of engine.
Engine is interacted by multiple subsystems and is formed, and is a complex product, current engine by two great institutions,
Five big systems composition.The present embodiment illustrates the autonomous evolution reasoning process of engine and its result by taking crank link mechanism as an example.
Crank link mechanism is the power-transmission system in reciprocating internal combustion engine.Crank link mechanism is that engine realizes work
Recycle, complete the major moving parts of energy conversion.In expansion stroke, it by fuel combustion generate thermal energy piston reciprocating
Movement is changed into mechanical energy by crankshaft rotary motion, external output power, in other strokes, then by crank and flywheel
Rotator inertia drives piston up-down by connecting rod, creates conditions for acting next time.Generally speaking, crank link mechanism
It is engine so as to generating and transmitting the mechanism of power, the thermal energy issued after fuel combustion is mechanical energy by it.
Crank link mechanism is made of body group, piston connecting rod unit, crankshaft-flywheel group three parts, and body group is mainly used for group
At combustion chamber, the effect of high temperature, high pressure gas is born, provides Space, Place for the conversion of energy.Structure is complicated for body group, especially
It is that cylinder head arrangement is scrappy, cumbersome, therefore no longer specifically models to individual part.With the significant correlation component in crank link mechanism
For, product individual is defined, and usage behavior stream theory establishes phylogenetic relationship net.Individual and behavior point in crank link mechanism
Not not as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
1 ecosystem product individual of table defines table (dimensional units: mm)
2 piston connecting rod unit behavior table of table
In table 2, A, A ' refer to that top dead centre, bottom dead center position in piston moving process, r refer to distance between the two, l refers to connecting rod
Length, angle α refer to that crankshaft rotation angle, ω refer to crankshaft rotation speed, and angle β is that connecting rod rotates angle.
Multiple behaviors act on same a few bodies in behavior table, make individual circulation change, these rows between different conditions
For can regard as same behavior different periods performance.Thinking is coherent when in order to construct network of personal connections, is defined as not going together
For.It is now illustrated, to prevent misunderstanding.
Therefore, in conjunction with engine design, acting process in above two table and reality, different parts in piston connecting rod unit are provided
Between relationship.
The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.It is any ripe
The personage for knowing this technology all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, carries out modifications and changes to above-described embodiment.Cause
This, as long as institute is complete without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art
At all equivalent modifications or change, should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model, which is characterized in that by the ecosystem in biology
Concept is introduced into product, and the Products Eco system includes environment, product individual, Product Population and product group, described
Environment changes over time, and the factor including directly or indirectly influencing product composition, the product individual is the list for forming product
A part, the Product Population are the part in product with identical structure and function, and the product group is in product
Realize the combination of the population of some function, the product includes engine, method includes the following steps:
(1) model is established to the environment, product individual, Product Population and product group respectively；
(2) network of personal connections of Products Eco system is established, the model and network of personal connections of step (1) collectively form the ecosystem mould of product
Type；
The network of personal connections of the Products Eco system includes node and side, and the node is product individual, and the side is used for
Two directly related nodes are connected, according to existing individual, establish individual nodes, usage behavior stream theory realizes function to row
For mapping, and substance, energy relationship will be established between the individual nodes of function effect, usage behavior variation function carries out quantitative table
It states, finally establishes complete phylogenetic relationship figure.
2. a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The model for the environment stated is following formula:
ENV={ object, t, n, CPN-E }
Wherein,Object indicates the object that environment is directed to；When t is indicated
Between, initial value 0, n indicates the number of composing factor in the environment, and CPN-E indicates to include in the environment all
The factor is composing factor CPNi, composing factor weighing factor ωi, influence relationship f (CPN between composing factor and objecti,
Object set), composing factor CPNiRefer to product individual, Product Population or the product group directly related with object.
3. a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The model for the product individual stated is following formula:
PI-obj={ object, Sobj,Fobj,RESobj,ENV-obj}
Wherein, object representative products individual, SobjThe structural information of representative products individual, be the material of product individual, shape and
The set of size, FobjRepresent the function of individual, FobjValue range be connection, transmitting, support, energy storage, RESobjRepresentative products
Itself restrictive condition of individual, environment locating for ENV-obj representative products individual, use environment expression formula indicate.
4. a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The model for the Product Population stated is following formula:
PP={ object, n, Fobj, ∪ PI, ENV-PP }, PI ∈ PP
Wherein, object indicates that the product individual in Product Population, n are the number of product individual in Product Population, FobjProduct
The common function of body, ∪ PI are existing product group of individuals in Product Population, ring locating for ENV-PP representative products population
Border.
5. a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The model of the product group stated is following formula:
PC={ F, ∪ PC, ∪ f (PC), ENV-PC }
Wherein, F represents the function of the Product Population of composition product group, the collection of all Product Populations in ∪ PC representative products group
It closes, ∪ f (PC) indicates the relationship between Product Population, environment locating for ENV-PC representative products group.
6. a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
In the Products Eco system stated, product group links together according to setting relationship, realizes the function of product.
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