CN105787159A - Product modeling method based on ecosystem model of product - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a product modeling method based on an ecosystem model of a product. The concept of an ecosystem in the biology is imported in the product. The ecosystem model of the product comprises an environment, product individuals, product population and product community. The environment changes along with time and comprises factors directly or indirectly influencing the components of the product. The product individuals are single parts forming the product. The product population comprises parts with same structures and functions in the product. The product community comprises combination of population in the product for realizing a certain function. The method comprises following steps of (1), modeling the environment, the product individuals, the product population and the product community; (2), establishing the relationship network of the ecosystem model of the product, wherein the models in the step (1) and the relationship network form the ecosystem model of the product together. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantage of intelligence.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to intelligent artifact design field, especially relate to a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model.
Background technology
Modern industry has information dense, knowledge intensive feature, for meeting growth requirement, the method for designing of product with intelligent, integrated, be automated as developing direction, intelligent design be solve this problem inexorable trend.Intelligent design, is artificial intelligence and combines with computer aided design system and the new system that formed.It, with user function demand for input, is described as output with product design scheme, and considers the function of product, performance, materials, operation etc. scheme is optimized, thus reaching the target of Automated Design.
Along with product structure tends to complicated, function tends to Composite and integrated, and product design process wants Complex Product.Complex product refers to high cost, extensive, high-tech, the product of engineering-intensive type, subsystem, system or facility；The customer demand of complex product is complicated, product forms complexity, manufacturing process is complicated, test safeguards that complexity, project management complexity, working environment are complicated.But in real work, and not all complex product is all grow out of nothing to be designed, research finds, the product design of about 70% can classify as adaptability design, i.e. product design change.Design alteration refers to that design department is to the change of design standard state expressed in former construction drawing and design document and amendment.Research shows, the loss that the design alteration in complex product causes may be up to ten million.Therefore, need to study for the design alteration processes existed a large amount of in the design process of complex product.
Summary of the invention
Defect that the purpose of the present invention is contemplated to overcome above-mentioned prior art to exist and a kind of intelligentized Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model is provided, Concept of Ecosystem is introduced product design process, propose Products Eco system concept, and usage behavior stream theory sets up phylogenetic relationship net so that Products Eco system to be modeled.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model, the concept of ecosystem in biology is introduced in product, described Products Eco system includes environment, product is individual, Product Population and product group, described environment changes over, including directly or indirectly affecting the factor that product is constituted, described product individuality is the single part of composition product, described Product Population is the part in product with identical 26S Proteasome Structure and Function, described product group is the combination of the population realizing certain function in product, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively described environment, product individuality, Product Population and product group are set up model；
(2) setting up the network of personal connections of Products Eco system, the model of step (1) and network of personal connections collectively form the ecological models of product.
The model of described environment is following formula:
ENV={object, t, n, CPN-E}
Wherein, Object represent environment for object；T express time, initial value is 0, n represent the number of composing factor in described environment, and CPN-E represents all factors comprised in described environment, is composing factor CPNi, composing factor weighing factor ωi, affect relation f (CPN between composing factor and objecti, object) set, composing factor CPNiRefer to that the product directly related with object be individual, Product Population or product group.
The model of described product individuality is following formula:
PI-obj={object, Sobj,Fobj,RESobj,ENV-obj}
Wherein, object representative products is individual, SobjThe structural information that representative products is individual, is the set of the material of product individuality, shape and size, FobjRepresent the function of individuality, FobjSpan for connect, transmission, support, energy storage, RESobjThe restrictive condition of representative products individuality self, the environment residing for ENV-obj representative products individuality, use environment expression formula to represent.
The model of described Product Population is following formula:
PP={object, n, Fobj, ∪ PI, ENV-PP}, PI ∈ PP
Wherein, object represents that the product in Product Population is individual, and n is the number that in Product Population, product is individual, FobjThe common function that product is individual, ∪ PI is existing product group of individuals in Product Population, the environment residing for ENV-PP representative products population.
The model of described product group is following formula:
PC={F, ∪ PC, ∪ f (PC), ENV-PC}
Wherein, F represents the function of Product Population of composition product group, the set of all Product Populations in ∪ PC representative products group, and ∪ f (PC) represents the relation between Product Population, the environment residing for ENV-PC representative products group.
In described Products Eco system, product group links together according to setting relation, it is achieved the function of product.
The network of personal connections of described Products Eco system includes node and limit, and described node is that product is individual, and described limit is for connecting two directly related nodes.
The present invention is on the basis of behavior stream, and for the deficiency in current production conceptual design, the angle of subordinate act is set out, this ecological category of the introducing ecosystem of novelty, it is proposed to the Products Eco system model of Behavior-based control stream solves problem above.
As the theoretical basis of the present invention, the present invention will to ecosystem, and mainly its organizational structure and autonomous evolutionary mechanism thereof are studied.Ecosystem (ecosystem) typically refers to the biology (for life part) that moves in a certain area and environment (for non-life part) about and interacts the system being collectively forming, life part in ecosystem and non-both life parts mutual dependence for existence, mutually restriction, of equal importance, indispensable.
In ecosystem, non-biological moieties comprises environment and other raw material of substance.Biological moieties, according to different standards, can carry out multiple division.
Biological moieties in ecosystem is divided into according to factors such as the characteristic of function, scale size and energy variation scopes: group, population, individual three levels (present invention only studies individual level layer above time).Individuality is most basic component in ecosystem.Population refers in certain time and space, the summation that same organism is individual.Group is the combination naturally of the various biotic populations perched in a given area.Such as, a sheep in grassland is individual, and all sheep constitute population, and all populations in grassland then constitute group.
By biological role in the material of system, energy transmission, biology is divided into Producer, consumer, decomposer: the main effect of Producer is by the fixing solar energy of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis and chemical energy, is the passage of outside energy entrance ecosystem；Consumer directly can not absorb energy in system environments, but depends directly or indirectly on the organic substance manufactured by Producer.Other biological population quantity is played important regulating and controlling effect by consumer in ecosystem；Decomposer's effect is contrary with Producer, is mainly and releases energy.Contact between three is expressed mainly through the form of food chain.
Ecosystem is not unalterable, is the internal system biology organized entirety that contacted by food web and formed with environmental interaction.Under certain environment state, its internal structure can sustainable existence, it was shown that its structure has a degree of stability.Ecosystem, as organized entirety, is the organic whole with a fixed structure and " self adaptation " function.In order to adapt to being continually changing of environment, ecosystem always develops actively in a certain way, constantly by internal process of self-organization so that whole system is harmonious.This adaptivity is the function that various organism is most basic.
The adaptation mechanism of ecosystem is: for the change of environment, the biology directly affected is changed, and change is propagated in system, then the balance of ecosystem is damaged, negative feedback is adjusted by population, reduces the impact that environmental change brings, and adapts to environmental change.
Ecosystem realizes autonomous evolutionary process by the self-organizing of system, self adaptation, namely for the change of external environment, can independently, automatically adjust internal structure to adapt to environmental change.Autonomous evolve realize the organizational structure based on system, i.e. relation between composing factor and each factor: individual self evolve, influenced each other by network of personal connections between many individualities, mutually select, promote system external to present adaptivity.
Therebetween in organizational structure, evolutionary process, there is similarity in product design and ecosystem:
1. ecosystem and Complex Product System have similarity: they are all made up of multiple individuality, have the internal organizational structure of complexity, and system presents higher complexity；In certain circumstances, system has stable organizational structure, is in the state of relative equilibrium；System has transmitted certain function by the mass exchange between individuality, energy Flow and information.
2. for product design process, with ecosystem there is similarity: first, be similar to bion, product individuality have generation, evolution, eliminate disappear life cycle；Individuality is present in specific environment, it then follows the natural selection rule that Darwin proposes, and when individuality is no longer applicable to environment, product will be eliminated, and interact with environment, interact；Exchange thus adapting to environment additionally, product and environment carry out material, energy and information.
Therefore, product systems can be considered as ecosystem, the evolutionary mechanism in model ecosystem, it is achieved independently evolving to adapt to change in environment of product systems.The present invention introduces Concept of Ecosystem in Complex Product System, and whole product construction is defined as Products Eco system.And think, the same with ecosystem, Products Eco system adapts to the change of external environment by internal process of self-organization, has the ability of autonomous evolution reasoning.
Definition Products Eco system: in certain spatial dimension, influence each other by material, energy, the exchange of information and transmission, mutually select between different components, externally realizing certain function to adapt to environment as complete system, this complete functional unit is called Products Eco system.
For realizing the Products Eco system self adaptation to environment, interknit by certain organizational structure, interact between the different component in system.First its component is analyzed.
Being similar to ecosystem, the component of Products Eco system is divided into product dvielement and environment.
Environment (Environment, ENV): environment refers to the summation of all around a certain particular individual or product colony, including the various factors directly or indirectly affecting the existence of product colony.
For Products Eco system, environment refers to the summation of all non-product elements around, including the various factors directly or indirectly affecting the existence of product colony.Environment provides material and energy for product element.
Whole machine is regarded as a Products Eco system, to parts therein, according to functional characteristic and whether detachable, is classified as product individuality, Product Population, three Level of organization of product group.
1 product is individual, i.e. " part ": composition Products Eco system the single product that can not decouple.Part is the most basic unit of composition machine.As, a nut is a part.
2 Product Populations, i.e. " certain class part ": with category group of individuals in a certain space.Have identical structure, the part of functional characteristic constitutes same population.As, all nuts in whole system constitute a population.
3 product groups, i.e. " parts ": in system, realize the population combination of certain function.Group can be body one by one, it is also possible to be the assembly of multiple individuality.In this assembly, having body one by one to play a leading role, it realizes set action (or function), and other individuality only serves the assosting effects such as connection, fastening.As, door is fixed on body of wall by hinge.Wherein, door is major part.These parts can complete the simple functions such as rotation.
Link together with certain organizational structure between product difference parts and components, by relative motion, change or utilize mechanical energy, externally jointly realize systemic-function.
According to the difference completing function, different parts can be divided into:
Connection: realize the connection of different zero (portion) part.Such as thread connection, cottering, pin connection, riveted joint etc..
Transmission function: zero (portion) parts such as transmitting movement and the V belt translation of energy, power transmission shaft.
Support function: play the parts of load-bearing, supporting role, such as bearing, casing and support etc..
Energy-storage function: such as flywheel, spring etc., for transmission and the conversion of energy.
Other functions.
In Products Eco system, it is achieved the parts of difference in functionality link together according to certain relation, it is achieved the circulation of material, energy transmission.
Being classified by part function above, we are it can be understood that to the material between individuality in system, energy Flow direction.Relation between definition part individuality is as follows:
(1) intraspecific mutualism, intraspecific competition.
It is similar to ecosystem, Product Population there is also intraspecific mutualism and intraspecific competition.
(2) being different from ecosystem, the relative motion that in product design process, Different Individual is determined by realizes function.Based on this viewpoint, definable interspecies relation:
1 symbiosis: individuality can not individualism, corresponding function can be completed when only jointly existing, as: blade secures the doors in body of wall, and in this process, blade and screw complete fixing function jointly.
2 commensalism: individuality can individualism, but when they exist simultaneously, both sides are produced Beneficial Effect.As: two parts linked together by pin.
3 predations: energy, in the output of another individuality, is delivered to opposite side as connecting rod moves by the material of certain individuality or Energy Dependence from side, and the parts of conveyer belt both sides have Predatory relation.
4 is parasitic: a kind of parts must be connected with other parts, just can complete certain function.This part can not individualism, but whether this part exists and does not affect other parts.Example: piston ring.
5 competitions: individuality realizes identical function, e.g., use rectangle ceramic tile and square ceramic tile to cover with a piece of ground.
One, system interior element modeling
Above, the parts relation that we provide is based on existing design knowledge, and dependence is accomplished manually.For realizing the automatization of this process, combined function attribute, provide relevant mathematical definition as follows:
1 environment (Environment, ENV): environment is directed to certain special object, changes over and changes.Therefore environment is expressed as
ENV={object, t, n, CPN-E}
In formula, object represent environment for object；T represents the moment, and initial value is 0；N represents the number of composing factor in environment；CPN-E represents all factors comprised in environment, is composing factor CPNi, composing factor weighing factor ωi, affect relation f (CPN between composing factor and objecti, object) set.Wherein, composing factor refers to the product individuality directly related with object, Product Population, product group or other material factors, and object influences is more big, and weight is more big, and the relation that the affects definable equation group of object is represented.
2 products individual (ProductIndividual, PI):
PI-obj={object, Sobj,Fobj,RESobj,ENV-obj}
Sobj=whether can change | material | externally shape | size ...
Wherein, object representative products is individual, SobjThe structural information that representative products is individual, is the set of the material of product individuality, shape and size, FobjThe function information that representative products is individual, span be connection, transmission, support, energy storage, other.RESobjThe restrictive condition of representative products individuality self.Environment residing for ENV-obj representative products individuality, can use environment expression formula to represent.
3 Product Populations (ProductPopulation, PP):
PP={object, n, Fobj, ∪ PI, ENV-PP}, PI ∈ PP
With the part of population, there is identical structure, functional characteristic.Therefore object represents that the product in Product Population is individual in formula, n is the number that in Product Population, product is individual, FobjBeing the common function that product is individual, ∪ object is existing product group of individuals in Product Population, the environment residing for ENV-PP representative products population.
4 product groups (ProductCommunity, PC):
PC={F, ∪ PC, ∪ f (PC), ENV-PC}
Wherein, F represents the function of Product Population of composition product group, and the set of all Product Populations in ∪ PC representative products group, ∪ f (PC) represents the relation between Product Population, such as symbiosis, competition etc..Environment residing for ENV-PP representative products group.For relation between Product Population in system, it is possible to be expressed as:
Symbiosis:PI1、PI2Can not individualism, complete function F when jointly existing.
Commensalism:PI1、PI2Can individualism, to mutually beneficial and complete function F when jointly existing.
Predation:PI1、PI2Can individualism, PI2Input dependence in PI1Output.
Parasitic:PI1Depend on PI2Complete function F and PI1Existence depend on PI2, PI2Existence and PI1Whether exist unrelated.
Competition:PI1、PI2All can realize function F, PI1Growth cause PI2Weaken.
In Products Eco system, product group links together according to setting relation, it is achieved the function of product.
The concept of phylogenetic relationship net:
For describing contact between the compositing factor of Products Eco system and the information flow of inside thereof, in conjunction with the concept of food chain in ecosystem, set up phylogenetic relationship net and Products Eco system is modeled.
Definition phylogenetic relationship net: for specific Products Eco system, network structure is used to represent the contact between each constituent: individualities different in node expression system, while the contact represented between individuality, connect a limit time directly related between two nodes, otherwise do not connect limit.
Owing in product design process, design procedure is many, design structure is complicated, relationships between nodes is various, thus simple network can not its modeling process of accurate description, use complex network that system structure is modeled.Community structure in complex network can represent the concept of individuality, population, group visually: system is by different population composing, and in population, individual contact is tight, is contacted by limited individuality and other populations between population.Because the relation between individuality, group is two-way impact, therefore non-directed graph is adopted to represent network of personal connections.
Phylogenetic relationship net modeling process:
Relation between individuality is the structure, the energy relationship that exist to realize the transmission of matter and energy after all.And behavior is the origin causing material, energy state to change, therefore, usage behavior builds the contact between individuality.The present invention uses complex network to represent internal system network of personal connections, and usage behavior stream builds this network of personal connections.
Behavior stream defines:
The behavior of it is presently believed that is objective reality, by individual change procedure and the objective expression of result.The present invention treats behavior (B) from the angle of function, it is believed that function performs, by behavior, realizations, and each behavior realizes certain function, and certain input is changed into specific output, and the behavior of complexity can the behavior of Further Division lower level.
Definition behavior: behavior is a kind of change to operation Obj State.For product design, the state of object is primarily referred to as the structure of object, function information.
Definition product behavior is B, and the mathematic(al) representation of behavior B is:
Wherein, F represents the function that the behavior completes, and F=(Δ MAT, Δ E), Δ MAT can with two tuple (MATin,MATout) represent, MATin、MAToutRepresent the material of input, output respectively.Δ E represents the change of energy, including the change of the transformation between potential energy Ep, kinetic energy Ek, heat energy Q and energy total amount.
Wherein, PI-Obj is individual collections, represents the individuality that the behavior directly affects.N represents the individual number of behavior impact.F represents Behavioral change function, is the quantitative contact between two individualities, can user's formula represent in true environment.
Some function is realized by the behavior occurred parallel, and the behavior that some function is occurred by serial realizes, it is achieved the behavior sequence of any function is all consist of in parallel and serial behavior, and behavior itself in parallel and can be composed in series by the behavior of lower level.Parallel behavior can be expressed as B=(b1 ∪ b2), and serial behavior is expressed as B=(B1 | B2).
Definition behavior stream: the behavior sequence realizing specific function is called the behavior stream of this function:
BF={F, (B | (B ∪ B))+
Wherein F represents the function that behavior stream completes, and F=(Δ MAT, Δ E) can be used equally to state.
B represents a behavior, and between symbol " | " expression behavior, serial carries out, and after previous behavior terminates, just can perform behavior below, symbol "+" represent at least containing once behavior, F is the function that behavior stream realizes.
Behavior-based control stream theory sets up phylogenetic relationship net:
By above definition to behavior and behavior stream, on the basis based on the modeling of system compositing factor, can will connect individual by respective behavior.
According to existing individuality, set up individual nodes.Usage behavior stream theory realizes the function mapping to behavior, and will set up material, energy relationship between the individual nodes of function effect, and usage behavior change function carries out quantitative expression, finally sets up complete phylogenetic relationship figure.Visible, when system place environment produces change, by the state that behavior change is individual, and in phylogenetic relationship figure, the change of this state is passed by behavior.After all, relation between individuality in system has been stated by phylogenetic relationship figure, and when system produces change, the change of transmission individual state.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the advantages that
(1) novelty the concept of ecosystem is introduced in product systems, whole product construction is defined as Products Eco system, and thinks, the same with ecosystem, Products Eco system adapts to the change of external environment by internal process of self-organization, has the ability of autonomous evolution reasoning；
(2) Products Eco system is divided into individuality, three levels of population and group by the present invention, and sets up respective mathematical model, the interphase interaction of individual, population and group；
(3) contact between usage behavior statement system individuality, behavior directly corresponds to structure, setting up phylogenetic relationship net on the basis of behavior stream with to Products Eco system modelling, therefore product model has practicality, it is adaptable to the propagation of design alteration and the dynamic process cleared up；
(4) Products Eco system can ecosystem in simulating nature circle, not only can represent each constituent of internal system and contact thereof, more go for propagating and degradation status process, as the transmitting carrier of product design change, for further product design change being carried out the model vehicle that research provides good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of Products Eco phylogenetic relationship net.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
The present invention is on the basis of behavior stream, and for the deficiency in current production conceptual design, the angle of subordinate act is set out, this ecological category of the introducing ecosystem of novelty, it is proposed to the Products Eco system model of Behavior-based control stream solves problem above.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model, the concept of ecosystem in biology is introduced in product, Products Eco system includes environment, product is individual, Product Population and product group, environment changes over, including directly or indirectly affecting the factor that product is constituted, product individuality is the single part of composition product, Product Population is the part in product with identical 26S Proteasome Structure and Function, product group is the combination of the population realizing certain function in product, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively environment, product individuality, Product Population and product group are set up model；
(2) setting up the network of personal connections of Products Eco system, the model of step (1) and network of personal connections collectively form the ecological models of product.
As the theoretical basis of the present invention, the present invention is to ecosystem, and mainly its organizational structure and autonomous evolutionary mechanism thereof are studied.Ecosystem (ecosystem) typically refers to the biology (for life part) that moves in a certain area and environment (for non-life part) about and interacts the system being collectively forming, life part in ecosystem and non-both life parts mutual dependence for existence, mutually restriction, of equal importance, indispensable.
In ecosystem, non-biological moieties comprises environment and other raw material of substance.Biological moieties, according to different standards, can carry out multiple division.
Biological moieties in ecosystem is divided into according to factors such as the characteristic of function, scale size and energy variation scopes: group, population, individual three levels (present invention only studies individual level layer above time).Individuality is most basic component in ecosystem.Population refers in certain time and space, the summation that same organism is individual.Group is the combination naturally of the various biotic populations perched in a given area.Such as, a sheep in grassland is individual, and all sheep constitute population, and all populations in grassland then constitute group.
By biological role in the material of system, energy transmission, biology is divided into Producer, consumer, decomposer: the main effect of Producer is by the fixing solar energy of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis and chemical energy, is the passage of outside energy entrance ecosystem；Consumer directly can not absorb energy in system environments, but depends directly or indirectly on the organic substance manufactured by Producer.Other biological population quantity is played important regulating and controlling effect by consumer in ecosystem；Decomposer's effect is contrary with Producer, is mainly and releases energy.Contact between three is expressed mainly through the form of food chain.
Ecosystem is not unalterable, is the internal system biology organized entirety that contacted by food web and formed with environmental interaction.Under certain environment state, its internal structure can sustainable existence, it was shown that its structure has a degree of stability.Ecosystem, as organized entirety, is the organic whole with a fixed structure and " self adaptation " function.In order to adapt to being continually changing of environment, ecosystem always develops actively in a certain way, constantly by internal process of self-organization so that whole system is harmonious.This adaptivity is the function that various organism is most basic.
The adaptation mechanism of ecosystem is: for the change of environment, the biology directly affected is changed, and change is propagated in system, then the balance of ecosystem is damaged, negative feedback is adjusted by population, reduces the impact that environmental change brings, and adapts to environmental change.
Ecosystem realizes autonomous evolutionary process by the self-organizing of system, self adaptation, namely for the change of external environment, can independently, automatically adjust internal structure to adapt to environmental change.Autonomous evolve realize the organizational structure based on system, i.e. relation between composing factor and each factor: individual self evolve, influenced each other by network of personal connections between many individualities, mutually select, promote system external to present adaptivity.
Therebetween in organizational structure, evolutionary process, there is similarity in product design and ecosystem:
1. ecosystem and Complex Product System have similarity: they are all made up of multiple individuality, have the internal organizational structure of complexity, and system presents higher complexity；In certain circumstances, system has stable organizational structure, is in the state of relative equilibrium；System has transmitted certain function by the mass exchange between individuality, energy Flow and information.
2. for product design process, with ecosystem there is similarity: first, be similar to bion, product individuality have generation, evolution, eliminate disappear life cycle；Individuality is present in specific environment, it then follows the natural selection rule that Darwin proposes, and when individuality is no longer applicable to environment, product will be eliminated, and interact with environment, interact；Exchange thus adapting to environment additionally, product and environment carry out material, energy and information.
Therefore, product systems can be considered as ecosystem, the evolutionary mechanism in model ecosystem, it is achieved independently evolving to adapt to change in environment of product systems.The present invention introduces Concept of Ecosystem in Complex Product System, and whole product construction is defined as Products Eco system.And think, the same with ecosystem, Products Eco system adapts to the change of external environment by internal process of self-organization, has the ability of autonomous evolution reasoning.
Definition Products Eco system: in certain spatial dimension, influence each other by material, energy, the exchange of information and transmission, mutually select between different components, externally realizing certain function to adapt to environment as complete system, this complete functional unit is called Products Eco system.
For realizing the Products Eco system self adaptation to environment, interknit by certain organizational structure, interact between the different component in system.First its component is analyzed.
Being similar to ecosystem, the component of Products Eco system is divided into product dvielement and environment.
Environment (Environment, ENV): environment refers to the summation of all around a certain particular individual or product colony, including the various factors directly or indirectly affecting the existence of product colony.
For Products Eco system, environment refers to the summation of all non-product elements around, including the various factors directly or indirectly affecting the existence of product colony.Environment provides material and energy for product element.
Whole machine is regarded as a Products Eco system, to parts therein, according to functional characteristic and whether detachable, is classified as product individuality, Product Population, three Level of organization of product group.
1 product is individual, i.e. " part ": composition Products Eco system the single product that can not decouple.Part is the most basic unit of composition machine.As, a nut is a part.
2 Product Populations, i.e. " certain class part ": with category group of individuals in a certain space.Have identical structure, the part of functional characteristic constitutes same population.As, all nuts in whole system constitute a population.
3 product groups, i.e. " parts ": in system, realize the population combination of certain function.Group can be body one by one, it is also possible to be the assembly of multiple individuality.In this assembly, having body one by one to play a leading role, it realizes set action (or function), and other individuality only serves the assosting effects such as connection, fastening.As, door is fixed on body of wall by hinge.Wherein, door is major part.These parts can complete the simple functions such as rotation.
Link together with certain organizational structure between product difference parts and components, by relative motion, change or utilize mechanical energy, externally jointly realize systemic-function.
According to the difference completing function, different parts can be divided into:
Connection: realize the connection of different zero (portion) part.Such as thread connection, cottering, pin connection, riveted joint etc..
Transmission function: zero (portion) parts such as transmitting movement and the V belt translation of energy, power transmission shaft.
Support function: play the parts of load-bearing, supporting role, such as bearing, casing and support etc..
Energy-storage function: such as flywheel, spring etc., for transmission and the conversion of energy.
Other functions.
In Products Eco system, it is achieved the parts of difference in functionality link together according to certain relation, it is achieved the circulation of material, energy transmission.
Being classified by part function above, we are it can be understood that to the material between individuality in system, energy Flow direction.Relation between definition part individuality is as follows:
(1) intraspecific mutualism, intraspecific competition.
It is similar to ecosystem, Product Population there is also intraspecific mutualism and intraspecific competition.
(2) being different from ecosystem, the relative motion that in product design process, Different Individual is determined by realizes function.Based on this viewpoint, definable interspecies relation:
1 symbiosis: individuality can not individualism, corresponding function can be completed when only jointly existing, as: blade secures the doors in body of wall, and in this process, blade and screw complete fixing function jointly.
2 commensalism: individuality can individualism, but when they exist simultaneously, both sides are produced Beneficial Effect.As: two parts linked together by pin.
3 predations: energy, in the output of another individuality, is delivered to opposite side as connecting rod moves by the material of certain individuality or Energy Dependence from side, and the parts of conveyer belt both sides have Predatory relation.
4 is parasitic: a kind of parts must be connected with other parts, just can complete certain function.This part can not individualism, but whether this part exists and does not affect other parts.Example: piston ring.
5 competitions: individuality realizes identical function, e.g., use rectangle ceramic tile and square ceramic tile to cover with a piece of ground.
One, system interior element modeling
Above, the parts relation that we provide is based on existing design knowledge, and dependence is accomplished manually.For realizing the automatization of this process, combined function attribute, provide relevant mathematical definition as follows:
1 environment (Environment, ENV): environment is directed to certain special object, changes over and changes.Therefore environment is expressed as:
ENV={object, t, n, CPN-E}
In formula, object represent environment for object；T represents the moment, and initial value is 0；N represents the number of composing factor in environment；CPN-E represents all factors comprised in environment, is composing factor CPNi, composing factor weighing factor ωi, affect relation f (CPN between composing factor and objecti, object) set.Wherein, composing factor refers to the individuality directly related with object, population, group or other material factors, and object influences is more big, and weight is more big, and the relation that the affects definable equation group of object is represented.
2 products individual (ProductIndividual, PI):
PI-obj={object, Sobj,Fobj,RESobj,ENV-obj}
Sobj=whether can change | material | externally shape | size ...
Wherein, object representative products is individual, SobjRepresent the structural information of individuality, FobjRepresent individuality function information, span be connection, transmission, support, energy storage, other.RESobjRepresent individual restrictive condition own.ENV-obj represents individual residing environment, uses environment expression formula to represent.
3 Product Populations (ProductPopulation, PP):
PP={object, n, Fobj, ∪ PI, ENV-PP}, PI ∈ PP
With the part of population, there is identical structure, functional characteristic.Therefore object represents that the product in Product Population is individual in formula, n is the number that in Product Population, product is individual, FobjBeing the individual common function of product, ∪ object is in Product Population existing product group of individuals, the environment residing for ENV-PP representative products population.
4 product groups (ProductCommunity, PC):
PC={F, ∪ PC, ∪ f (PC), ENV-PC}
Wherein, F represents the function that population realizes, and ∪ PC represents the set of all populations in group, and ∪ f (PC) represents the relation between each population, such as symbiosis, competition etc..For relation between population in system, it is possible to be expressed as:
Symbiosis:PI1、PI2Can not individualism, complete function F when jointly existing.
Commensalism:PI1、PI2Can individualism, to mutually beneficial and complete function F when jointly existing.
Predation:PI1、PI2Can individualism, PI2Input dependence in PI1Output.
Parasitic:PI1Depend on PI2Complete function F and PI1Existence depend on PI2, PI2Existence and PI1Whether exist unrelated.
Competition:PI1、PI2All can realize function F, PI1Growth cause PI2Weaken.
In Products Eco system, product group links together according to setting relation, it is achieved the function of product.
The concept of phylogenetic relationship net:
For describing contact between the compositing factor of Products Eco system and the information flow of inside thereof, in conjunction with the concept of food chain in ecosystem, set up phylogenetic relationship net and Products Eco system is modeled.
Definition phylogenetic relationship net: for specific Products Eco system, network structure is used to represent the contact between each constituent: individualities different in node expression system, while the contact represented between individuality, connect a limit time directly related between two nodes, otherwise do not connect limit.
Owing in product design process, design procedure is many, design structure is complicated, relationships between nodes is various, thus simple network can not its modeling process of accurate description, use complex network that system structure is modeled.Community structure in complex network can represent the concept of individuality, population, group visually: system is by different population composing, and in population, individual contact is tight, is contacted by limited individuality and other populations between population.Because the relation between individuality, group is two-way impact, therefore non-directed graph is adopted to represent network of personal connections.
As it is shown in figure 1, the network of personal connections of Products Eco system includes node and limit, node is that product is individual, and limit is for connecting two directly related nodes.
Phylogenetic relationship net modeling process:
Relation between individuality is the structure, the energy relationship that exist to realize the transmission of matter and energy after all.And behavior is the origin causing material, energy state to change, therefore, usage behavior builds the contact between individuality.The present invention uses complex network to represent internal system network of personal connections, and usage behavior stream builds this network of personal connections.
Behavior stream defines:
The behavior of it is presently believed that is objective reality, by individual change procedure and the objective expression of result.The present invention treats behavior (B) from the angle of function, it is believed that function performs, by behavior, realizations, and each behavior realizes certain function, and certain input is changed into specific output, and the behavior of complexity can the behavior of Further Division lower level.
Definition behavior: behavior is a kind of change to operation Obj State.For product design, the state of object is primarily referred to as the structure of object, function information.
Definition product behavior is B, and the mathematic(al) representation of behavior B is:
Wherein, F represents the function that the behavior completes, and F=(Δ MAT, Δ E), Δ MAT can with two tuple (MATin,MATout) represent, MATin、MAToutRepresent the material of input, output respectively.Δ E represents the change of energy, including the change of the transformation between potential energy Ep, kinetic energy Ek, heat energy Q and energy total amount.
Wherein, PI-Obj is individual collections, represents the individuality that the behavior directly affects.N represents the individual number of behavior impact.F represents Behavioral change function, is the quantitative contact between two individualities, can user's formula represent in true environment.
Some function is realized by the behavior occurred parallel, and the behavior that some function is occurred by serial realizes, it is achieved the behavior sequence of any function is all consist of in parallel and serial behavior, and behavior itself in parallel and can be composed in series by the behavior of lower level.Parallel behavior can be expressed as B=(b1 ∪ b2), and serial behavior is expressed as B=(B1 | B2).
Definition behavior stream: the behavior sequence realizing specific function is called the behavior stream of this function:
BF={F, (B | (B ∪ B))+
Wherein F represents the function that behavior stream completes, and F=(Δ MAT, Δ E) can be used equally to state.
B represents a behavior, and between symbol " | " expression behavior, serial carries out, and after previous behavior terminates, just can perform behavior below, symbol "+" represent at least containing once behavior, F is the function that behavior stream realizes.
Behavior-based control stream theory sets up phylogenetic relationship net:
By above definition to behavior and behavior stream, on the basis based on the modeling of system compositing factor, can will connect individual by respective behavior.
According to existing individuality, set up individual nodes.Usage behavior stream theory realizes the function mapping to behavior, and will set up material, energy relationship between the individual nodes of function effect, and usage behavior change function carries out quantitative expression, finally sets up complete phylogenetic relationship figure.Visible, when system place environment produces change, by the state that behavior change is individual, and in phylogenetic relationship figure, the change of this state is passed by behavior.After all, relation between individuality in system has been stated by phylogenetic relationship figure, and when system produces change, the change of transmission individual state.
Electromotor is exactly an energy transfer mechanism, and by the heat energy of gasoline (diesel oil), by when sealing combustor inner cylinder gas expansion, promoting piston acting, be changed into mechanical energy, this is the most basic principle of electromotor.
Electromotor is interacted by multiple subsystems and forms, and is a complex product, and current electromotor is made up of two great institutions, five big systems.The present embodiment illustrates the autonomous evolution reasoning process of electromotor and result thereof for toggle.
Toggle is the power-transmission system in reciprocating internal combustion engine.Toggle is that electromotor realizes cycle of operation, completes the major moving parts of energy conversion.In expansion stroke, the heat energy reciprocating motion of the pistons that fuel combustion is produced by it, bent axle rotary motion it is changed into mechanical energy, externally export power, in other strokes, then rely on the rotator inertia of crank and flywheel, drive piston up-down by connecting rod, create conditions for acting next time.Generally speaking, toggle is electromotor so as to producing and transmit the mechanism of power, is mechanical energy by it the thermal energy sent after fuel combustion.
Toggle is made up of body group, piston connecting rod unit, crankshaft-flywheel group three part, and body group is mainly used in composition combustor, bears the effect of high temperature, gases at high pressure, and the conversion for energy provides Space, Place.Body group structure is complicated, and especially cylinder head arrangement is scrappy, loaded down with trivial details, therefore no longer individual part is specifically modeled.For the important associated components in toggle, definition product is individual, and usage behavior stream theory sets up phylogenetic relationship net.Individuality and behavior in toggle are distinguished as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1 ecosystem product individuality definition table (dimensional units: mm)
Table 2 piston connecting rod unit behavior table
In table 2, A, A ' refer to top dead centre, bottom dead center position in piston moving process, r refers to distance between the two, and l refers to the length of connecting rod, and angle α refers to that crankshaft rotation angle, ω refer to that bent axle rotary speed, angle β are the connecting rod anglec of rotation.
In behavior table, multiple behaviors act on same a few body, make individual circulation change between different conditions, and these behaviors can regard the performance of the different periods of same behavior as.During in order to build network of personal connections, thinking is coherent, is defined as different behavior.Now it is illustrated, in case misunderstanding.
Therefore, in conjunction with electromotor design in above two tables and reality, acting process, provide the relation between different parts in piston connecting rod unit.
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principles of the invention and effect thereof only, not for the restriction present invention.Above-described embodiment all under the spirit and category of the present invention, can be modified or change by any those skilled in the art.Therefore, as long as art having usually intellectual modifying without departing from all equivalences completed under disclosed spirit and technological thought or change, must be contained by the claim of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model, it is characterized in that, the concept of ecosystem in biology is introduced in product, described Products Eco system includes environment, product is individual, Product Population and product group, described environment changes over, including directly or indirectly affecting the factor that product is constituted, described product individuality is the single part of composition product, described Product Population is the part in product with identical 26S Proteasome Structure and Function, described product group is the combination of the population realizing certain function in product, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively described environment, product individuality, Product Population and product group are set up model；
(2) setting up the network of personal connections of Products Eco system, the model of step (1) and network of personal connections collectively form the ecological models of product.
2. a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the model of described environment is following formula:
ENV={object, t, n, CPN-E}
Wherein, Object represent environment for object；T express time, initial value is 0, n represent the number of composing factor in described environment, and CPN-E represents all factors comprised in described environment, is composing factor CPNi, composing factor weighing factor ωi, affect relation f (CPN between composing factor and objecti, object) set, composing factor CPNiRefer to that the product directly related with object be individual, Product Population or product group.
3. a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the model of described product individuality is following formula:
PI-obj={object, Sobj,Fobj,RESobj,ENV-obj}
Wherein, object representative products is individual, SobjThe structural information that representative products is individual, is the set of the material of product individuality, shape and size, FobjRepresent the function of individuality, FobjSpan for connect, transmission, support, energy storage, RESobjThe restrictive condition of representative products individuality self, the environment residing for ENV-obj representative products individuality, use environment expression formula to represent.
4. a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the model of described Product Population is following formula:
PP={object, n, Fobj, ∪ PI, ENV-PP}, PI ∈ PP
Wherein, object represents that the product in Product Population is individual, and n is the number that in Product Population, product is individual, FobjThe common function that product is individual, ∪ PI is existing product group of individuals in Product Population, the environment residing for ENV-PP representative products population.
5. a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the model of described product group is following formula:
PC={F, ∪ PC, ∪ f (PC), ENV-PC}
Wherein, F represents the function of Product Population of composition product group, the set of all Product Populations in ∪ PC representative products group, and ∪ f (PC) represents the relation between Product Population, the environment residing for ENV-PC representative products group.
6. a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described Products Eco system, product group links together according to setting relation, it is achieved the function of product.
7. a kind of Product Modeling Method based on Products Eco system model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the network of personal connections of described Products Eco system includes node and limit, and described node is that product is individual, and described limit is for connecting two directly related nodes.
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| CN106469241A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-03-01 | 华南理工大学 | The frequency sweep modeling method of Electromagnetic-drivmicro micro mirror and system |
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