CN105784529B - The manufacture craft of plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck - Google Patents
The manufacture craft of plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck Download PDFInfo
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- CN105784529B CN105784529B CN201610002959.8A CN201610002959A CN105784529B CN 105784529 B CN105784529 B CN 105784529B CN 201610002959 A CN201610002959 A CN 201610002959A CN 105784529 B CN105784529 B CN 105784529B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/62—Manufacturing, calibrating, or repairing devices used in investigations covered by the preceding subgroups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N2001/2893—Preparing calibration standards
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Abstract
The invention belongs to nonmetallic materials mechanical technology fields, improving one kind can be effective for the manufacture craft of the plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck of the hardness Mechanics Performance Testing of high molecular material, by selecting the commercial pure Al sheet for meeting correlated condition to obtain the casting aluminium material of more homogeneity as basic material, then melting and casting；Make its material after forging molding more evenly, crystal is more careful close；The blank dimension that roughing is needed；Annealing obtains corresponding hardness range；Finishing obtains the standard specimen size and rigid requirement of standard；Grinding and polishing have obtained better surface roughness；Tempering, which eliminates forming residual stress, keeps its more stable；Packaging eliminates brought some hidden danger in storage；Therefore obtained plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck has good uniformity of hardness, repeatability, stability, a surface roughness, and working face and supporting surface without oxide layer, crackle, without recess, scratch, coloring the defects of.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to material field of measuring techniques, are related to a kind of manufacture craft of plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck.
Background technique
Existing China's hardness measurement profession is with a long history, and long-term effort is passed through in China.In Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, dimension
Family name's hardness, Shore hardness, lee ' hardness establish very comprehensive standards system on ferrous metal and part non-ferrous metal.By
In modern society to high molecular material using more and more extensive.High molecular material is by the higher compound of relative molecular mass
The material of composition, including rubber, plastics, fiber, coating, adhesive and polymer-based composite.
High molecular material is divided into commodity polymer material, special polymer material and functional polymer material three categories:
1. commodity polymer material refers to large-scale industrial production, it is widely used in building, communications and transportation, agriculture
The high molecular material of the national economy major domains and people's daily life such as industry, electric and electronic industry.Among these again be divided into plastics,
The different types such as rubber, fiber, adhesive, coating.
2. special polymer material is mainly a kind of high molecular material with excellent mechanical strength and heat resistance, such as poly-
The materials such as carbonic ester, polyimides, are widely used on engineering material.
3. functional polymer material refers to the macromolecule chemical combination that can do function materials'use with specific function
Object, including functional seperation film, conductive material, medical macromolecular materials, liquid crystal high polymer material etc..
To carry out hardness Mechanics Performance Testing and research to high molecular material, first has sought to corresponding hardness ga(u)ge
Quasi- block is the most important thing as starting point, therefore for the development of the standard block of hardness of nonmetallic materials.Plastics ball indentation hardness mark
The development of quasi- block generates under the premise of this, since domestic hardness area is never directed to the hardness of high molecular material
Calibrated bolck, and there has been corresponding product in American-European countries, is a blank for the country.Plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck
The very little that fathoms that surface generates, there is high requirement to all technical of measuring system and hardness standard block.
Our company proposes challenge to plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is breaking through existing technology limitation, providing one kind can be effective for the hardness of high molecular material
The manufacture craft of the plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck of Mechanics Performance Testing, fills the domestic gaps.
To realize above-mentioned technical problem, the solution that the present invention takes are as follows: the production of plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck
Technique includes the following steps: Step 1: selection: commercial pure Al sheet is used, the commercial pure Al sheet includes following chemical component:
Si:0.20 ± 0.07, Fe:0.27 ± 0.10, Cu:0.04 ± 0.02, Mn:0.03 ± 0.01, Mg:0.03 ± 0.015, Zn:
0.04 ± 0.018, Ti:0.03 ± 0.007, V:0.05 ± 0.022, Al:99.7 ± 0.1；The commercial pure Al sheet has σ b
(MPa) >=75 tensile strength, σ 0.2 (MPa) >=35 offset yield strength；
Step 2: carrying out melting to the raw material that step 1 is chosen, cast, and forging molding, roughing is annealed, finishing,
Grinding polishes, and tempering is packaged to be plastics ball indentation hardness block.
Further, the commercial pure Al sheet is that beauty produces 1070-H14 pure aluminum plate.
Further, melting described in step 2 specifically: smelting equipment selects hawkbill pot, and preheating temperature control exists
Between 580-630 DEG C, and keep the temperature three hours or more, when carrying out melting, temperature must reach 750 °C or more, and with temperature
The raising of degree and constantly stir, exclude unfavorable element and gas, it is ensured that do not cause in fusion process because oxidation etc. reasons lead
Cause crystal coarse, aluminum melt at high temperature can oxidation rapidly, smelting time needs to control within two hours；New hawkbill pot must
Must before melting melt back old material several times, and must be the foundry returns of the same trade mark.
Further, casting described in step 2 specifically: the surface temperature that must first measure aluminum melt when casting is poured
Cup temperature is not higher than 180 °C；Necessary held stationary, potting syrup do not interrupt in casting process；It closes the lid after casting, with guarantor
Warm sand entirety covering and heat insulating, makes its natural cooling, and shelves 180-360 days as natrual ageing.
Further, forging molding described in step 2 specifically: the aluminium cast is cut into a certain proportion of small
Square；Warming-up device selects Muffle furnace, and preheating temperature control keeps the temperature 15 minutes at 520 °C；Square it is neat be put into burner hearth
It is interior, after heat preservation 45 minutes, pulls out square and forged；The temperature control forged is 520 °C of initial forging temperature, and final forging temperature is not
Lower than 400 °C；Straight forming after jumping-up pulls out 3-5 times repeatedly；Heat preservation sand launder heat preservation cooling is put into after forging molding at once.
Further, roughing described in step 2 specifically: aluminium after molding is installed on aid device, is used
Milling machine mills out six planes, keeps it two two relatively parallel, and eight 45 ° of angle is exported with beveler.
Further, annealing described in step 2 specifically: the good aluminium block of roughing, neat is put into iron case,
Centre keeps 4 millimeters or so of partition, and is filled up with heat preservation sand；Iron case is put into high-temperature annealing furnace, respectively at 250 DEG C of temperature,
Then 350 DEG C of two hours of heat preservation are raised to 450 DEG C of eight hours of heat preservation, are then shut off power supply, until completely naturally cold in furnace
But.
Further, being finished described in step 2 specifically: first dedicated aid device is set aside on surface grinding machine,
Then the aluminium block annealed is put on surface grinding machine again and 4 sides is polished, then regrind working face and supporting surface, working face
Flatness is not more than 0.003mm, and the depth of parallelism is not more than 0.005mm, obtains plastics ball indentation hardness block.
Further, being ground described in step 2 specifically: the plastics ball indentation hardness block that finishing is obtained is shelved
Onto grinder, 30# abrasive sand is first added and carries out first time rough lapping, guarantees that it machines the clear of lines, adds 60# and grind
Frosted carries out second and grinds, and guaranteeing its entire surface, there is no thick and deep grinding scribing line, and 80# abrasive sand progress finally is being added
Smooth grinding guarantees that its surface does not have any apparent grinding scribing line, in the rotation of the process of grinding, needs in batches at times
Sampling observation aluminium block the depth of parallelism and flatness.
Further, being polished described in step 2 specifically: ground plastics ball indentation hardness block is put into automatically
In polishing machine, first time rough polishing is carried out with the abrasive pastes of w-10, is then carrying out last time through throwing with the abrasive pastes of w-0.5
Light, makes it obtain the effect of mirror surface, and work surface roughness is not more than 0.03um.
Further, being tempered described in step 2 specifically: the plastics ball indentation hardness block after polishing is put into vacuum
In insulating box, inner air is extracted out, 150 DEG C of temperature of tempering keeps the temperature eight hours, to remove machining stress.
Further, being packed described in step 2 specifically: with 20% albolene, in addition 80% antirust oil, adds
Heat is to thawing and stirs, and it is complete then will to stir liquid, is uniformly applied on plastics ball indentation hardness block, and use volatile rust prevention
Paper bag wraps up in plastics ball indentation hardness block, then puts on sealing polybag, is shelved on 23 ± 3 DEG C of environment temperature, the ring of humidity 60 ± 10%
It is placed 180 days in border.
By using preceding solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: by the plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck
Manufacture craft made from plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck hardness be lower than 20HBW, scale range is able to satisfy national standard
" GB/T 3398.1-2008 first part " and meet national verification regulation " JJG369-1993 liquid lamp investigating device
Vertification regulation ", the requirement of national standard and national verification regulation is not only met, but also be high molecular material hardness mechanical property
Technical research provide the foundation and foundation；And the manufacture craft very good solution of the plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck
The technical bottlenecks such as block of hardness uniformity, repeatability, stability, surface roughness, have filled up domestic blank.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described further below by specific embodiment.
The manufacture craft of the plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck, in turn includes the following steps:
Selection: 1070-H14 commercial pure Al sheet is produced using beauty, the commercial pure Al sheet includes following chemical component: Si:
0.20 ± 0.07, Fe:0.27 ± 0.10, Cu:0.04 ± 0.02, Mn:0.03 ± 0.01, Mg:0.03 ± 0.015, Zn:0.04
± 0.018, Ti:0.03 ± 0.007, V:0.05 ± 0.022, Al:99.7 ± 0.1；The commercial pure Al sheet has σ b (MPa)
>=75 tensile strength, σ 0.2 (MPa) >=35 offset yield strength；
Melting: smelting equipment select hawkbill pot, preheating temperature control between 580-630 DEG C, and keep the temperature three hours with
On, when carrying out melting, temperature must reach 750 °C or more, and stir as the temperature rises and constantly, exclude unfavorable member
Element and gas, it is ensured that do not cause to cause crystal coarse because of reasons such as oxidations in fusion process, aluminum melt at high temperature can be rapidly
Oxidation, smelting time need control within two hours；New hawkbill pot must before melting melt back old material several times, and
It and must be the foundry returns of the same trade mark.
Casting: casting uses 80mm × 80mm × 150mm mold；The surface temperature of aluminum melt must be first measured when casting
Degree, tundish temperature are not higher than 180 °C；Necessary held stationary, potting syrup do not interrupt in casting process；It closes the lid after casting
Son makes its natural cooling with heat preservation sand entirety covering and heat insulating, and shelves 180-360 days as natrual ageing.
Forging molding are as follows: the aluminium cast is cut into 80mm × 80mm × 15mm small cube；Warming-up device selects horse
Not furnace, preheating temperature control keep the temperature 15 minutes at 520 °C；Square being put into burner hearth neatly, after heat preservation 45 minutes,
Square is pulled out to be forged；The temperature control forged is 520 °C of initial forging temperature, and final forging temperature is not less than 400 °C；Jumping-up pulls out repeatedly
Straight forming after long 3-5 times, size after molding are not more than 67mm × 67mm × 13mm；Heat preservation is put into after forging molding at once
Sand launder heat preservation cooling.
Roughing: installing aluminium after molding on aid device, mill out six planes with milling machine, keeps it two two opposite
In parallel, and with beveler eight 45 ° of angle, size 62mm × 62mm × 11.5mm after roughing are exported.
Annealing: the good aluminium block of roughing, neat is put into iron case, and centre keeps 4 millimeters or so of partition, and with guarantor
Warm sand fills up；Iron case is put into high-temperature annealing furnace, respectively at 250 DEG C of temperature, 350 DEG C of two hours of heat preservation, is then raised to 450 DEG C
Eight hours are kept the temperature, power supply is then shut off, until natural cooling complete in furnace.
Finishing: first dedicated aid device is set aside on surface grinding machine, the aluminium block annealed then is put into plane again
4 sides are polished on grinding machine, then regrind working face and supporting surface, obtain plastics ball indentation hardness block；What finishing obtained
Plastics ball indentation hardness block size is not less than 60mm × 60mm × 10mm, and working face flatness is not more than 0.003mm, the depth of parallelism
No more than 0.005mm,.
Grinding: finishing obtain plastics ball indentation hardness block, set aside on grinder, first be added 30# abrasive sand into
Row first time rough lapping guarantees that it machines the clear of lines, adds 60# abrasive sand and carries out second of grinding, guarantees that its is whole
There is no thick and deep grinding scribing line in a face, and 80# abrasive sand progress smooth grinding finally is being added, it is any bright to guarantee that its surface does not have
Aobvious grinding scribing line needs the depth of parallelism and plane of sampling observation aluminium block at times in batches in the rotation of the process of grinding
Degree.
Polishing: being put into ground plastics ball indentation hardness block in automatic polishing machine, carries out the with the abrasive pastes of w-10
Rough polishing, then with the abrasive pastes of w-0.5 carry out last time it is polished, so that it is obtained the effect of mirror surface, working face
Roughness is not more than 0.03um.
Tempering: being put into the plastics ball indentation hardness block after polishing in vacuum constant-temperature container, extracts inner air out, and tempering is used
150 DEG C of temperature keeps the temperature eight hours, to remove machining stress.
Packaging: with 20% albolene, in addition 80% antirust oil, is heated to melt and stir, it is complete then will to stir liquid
Whole, it is uniformly applied on plastics ball indentation hardness block, and wrap up plastics ball indentation hardness block with volatile rust preventive paper, then put on
Polybag is sealed, 23 ± 3 DEG C of environment temperature is shelved on, is placed 180 days in the environment of humidity 60 ± 10%, to ensure block of hardness sheet
The natrual ageing of body improves the repeatability and stability indicator of finished product.
The plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck obtained by the manufacture craft of above-mentioned plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck, hardness
Lower than 20HBW, scale range is able to satisfy national standard " GB/T 3398.1-2008 first part " and meets national verification
Regulation " JJG369-1993 liquid lamp investigating device vertification regulation ".
Claims (10)
1. the manufacture craft of plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: selection: commercial pure Al sheet is used, the commercial pure Al sheet includes following chemical component: Si:0.20 ± 0.07,
Fe:0.27 ± 0.10, Cu:0.04 ± 0.02, Mn:0.03 ± 0.01, Mg:0.03 ± 0.015, Zn:0.04 ± 0.018, Ti:
0.03 ± 0.007, V:0.05 ± 0.022, Al:99.7 ± 0.1；The commercial pure Al sheet has the MPa of tensile strength sigma b >=75,
0.2 >=35 MPa of offset yield strength σ；
Step 2: carrying out melting to the raw material that step 1 is chosen, cast, and forging molding, roughing is annealed, and finishing is ground
Mill polishes, and tempering is packaged to be plastics ball indentation hardness block；
Wherein, it anneals described in step 2 specifically: the good aluminium block of roughing, neat is put into iron case, and centre keeps 4 millis
The partition of rice or so, and filled up with heat preservation sand；Iron case is put into high-temperature annealing furnace, respectively at 250 DEG C of temperature, 350 DEG C keep the temperature two
Then a hour is raised to 450 DEG C of eight hours of heat preservation, power supply is then shut off, until natural cooling complete in furnace；
It is tempered described in step 2 specifically: the plastics ball indentation hardness block after polishing is put into vacuum constant-temperature container, in extraction
Portion's air, 150 DEG C of temperature of tempering, keeps the temperature eight hours, to remove machining stress.
2. the manufacture craft of plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the commercial pure Al sheet
1070-H14 pure aluminum plate is produced for beauty.
3. the manufacture craft of plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that melted described in step 2
Refining specifically: smelting equipment selects hawkbill pot, and preheating temperature controls between 580-630 DEG C, and heat preservation three hours or more, into
When row melting, temperature must reach 750 °C or more, and stir as the temperature rises and constantly, exclude unfavorable element and
Gas, it is ensured that do not cause to cause crystal coarse because of reasons such as oxidations in fusion process, aluminum melt at high temperature can oxygen rapidly
Change, smelting time needs to control within two hours；New hawkbill pot must before melting melt back old material several times, and must
It must be the foundry returns of the same trade mark.
4. the manufacture craft of plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that poured described in step 2
Casting specifically: the surface temperature of aluminum melt must be first measured when casting, tundish temperature is not higher than 180 °C；It is necessary in casting process
Held stationary, potting syrup do not interrupt；It closes the lid after casting, with heat preservation sand entirety covering and heat insulating, makes its natural cooling, and
180-360 days are shelved as natrual ageing.
5. the manufacture craft of plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that forged described in step 2
Cause type specifically: the aluminium cast is cut into a certain proportion of small cube；Warming-up device selects Muffle furnace, preheating temperature control
System keeps the temperature 15 minutes at 520 °C；Square being put into burner hearth neatly, after heat preservation 45 minutes, pulls out square and forged
It beats；The temperature control forged is 520 °C of initial forging temperature, and final forging temperature is not less than 400 °C；It is straight after jumping-up pulls out 3-5 times repeatedly
It is connected into type；Heat preservation sand launder heat preservation cooling is put into after forging molding at once.
6. the manufacture craft of plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that thick described in step 2
Processing specifically: aluminium after molding is installed on aid device, six planes is milled out with milling machine, keeps it two two relatively flat
It goes, and exports eight 45 ° of angle with beveler.
7. the manufacture craft of plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that essence described in step 2
Processing specifically: first dedicated aid device is set aside on surface grinding machine, the aluminium block annealed then is put into surface grinding machine again
It is upper that 4 sides are polished, working face and supporting surface are then regrinded, working face flatness is not more than 0.003mm, and the depth of parallelism is not more than
0.005mm obtains plastics ball indentation hardness block.
8. the manufacture craft of plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that ground described in step 2
Mill specifically: the plastics ball indentation hardness block that finishing is obtained is set aside on grinder, and 30# abrasive sand is first added and carries out the
Rough lapping guarantees that it machines the clear of lines, adds 60# abrasive sand and carries out second of grinding, guarantees its entire surface
There is no thick and deep grinding scribing line, and 80# abrasive sand progress smooth grinding finally is being added, it is any apparent to guarantee that its surface does not have
Grinding scribing line needs the depth of parallelism and flatness of sampling observation aluminium block at times in batches in the rotation of the process of grinding.
9. the manufacture craft of plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that thrown described in step 2
Light specifically: ground plastics ball indentation hardness block is put into automatic polishing machine, is carried out for the first time with the abrasive pastes of w-10
Rough polishing, then with the abrasive pastes of w-0.5 carry out last time it is polished, so that it is obtained the effect of mirror surface, working face is coarse
Degree is not more than 0.03um.
10. the manufacture craft of plastics ball indentation hardness calibrated bolck as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step 2
Packaging specifically: with 20% albolene, in addition 80% antirust oil, is heated to melt and stir, it is complete then will to stir liquid
, it is uniformly applied on plastics ball indentation hardness block, and wrap up plastics ball indentation hardness block with volatile rust preventive paper, then put on envelope
Mouth polybag, is shelved on 23 ± 3 DEG C of environment temperature, places 180 days in the environment of humidity 60 ± 10%.
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| CN108181147B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2021-02-05 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Standard body for performance test of plastic intake manifold |
| CN109001064A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-12-14 | 江苏亨通光导新材料有限公司 | A kind of method of quantitative measurment and evaluation preform polishing effect |
| CN111207884B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-13 | 西北工业大学 | Design and manufacturing method of standard sample of residual stress deflection method calibration device |
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| KR20090049502A (en) * | 2007-11-13 | 2009-05-18 | 한국표준과학연구원 | Standard indentation sample for calibration of vickers hardness indentation measuring instrument |
| CN103454122A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2013-12-18 | 黑龙江华安精益计量技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of ultra-low hardness value standard Brielle hardness block |
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| CN204758420U (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-11-11 | 浙江中科仪器有限公司 | Plastics ball indentation hardness meter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202710429U (en) * | 2012-06-17 | 2013-01-30 | 黑龙江华安精益计量技术研究院有限公司 | Ultra-low harness standard Brielle hardness block |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1183717A (en) * | 1997-09-08 | 1999-03-26 | Nippon Bell Parts Kk | Minute vickers hardness reference piece |
| KR20090049502A (en) * | 2007-11-13 | 2009-05-18 | 한국표준과학연구원 | Standard indentation sample for calibration of vickers hardness indentation measuring instrument |
| CN103454122A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2013-12-18 | 黑龙江华安精益计量技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of ultra-low hardness value standard Brielle hardness block |
| CN104568636A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-29 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Development method of ultra-microhardness standard block |
| CN204758420U (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-11-11 | 浙江中科仪器有限公司 | Plastics ball indentation hardness meter |
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