CN105783826B - A kind of setting out method of quick determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position - Google Patents
A kind of setting out method of quick determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position Download PDFInfo
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- CN105783826B CN105783826B CN201610321709.0A CN201610321709A CN105783826B CN 105783826 B CN105783826 B CN 105783826B CN 201610321709 A CN201610321709 A CN 201610321709A CN 105783826 B CN105783826 B CN 105783826B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
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Abstract
A kind of setting out method of quick determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position, this method include the following steps：Step 1：Arrange setting-out basic point；Step 2：Three setting-out basic points of selection carry out setting-out；Three-dimensional coordinate (x of the selected each setting-out basic point of step 3 measuring process 2 in the three-dimensional system of coordinateb,yb,zb)；Step 4：Each setting-out basic point in three setting-out basic points of step 3 is calculated to the distance between target layout point Mi (D1, D2, D3)；Step 4：It determines layout point position, carries out setting-out.A kind of setting out method of quick determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position provided by the invention, can be completed the quick of layout point without using total powerstation and determines, enormously simplify setting-out flow, fixed point process is simple and quick.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measurement and positioning technical field tested applied to large-scale ground (geology) three-dimensional physical model, especially
It is a kind of setting out method of quick determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position.
Background technology
Physical experiments are to study the important technical of Rock And Soil (or geologic body) mechanical characteristic, deformation characteristic, object
Reason model and the geometric dimension ratio of prototypical object are known as the geometric similarity ratio or engineer's scale of physical model.Engineer's scale is bigger,
The ratio that model reduces is smaller, and model is more conducive to obtain the test data close to prototype closer to prototype.Therefore true
After having determined prototype Rock And Soil (or geologic body) to be studied, it is often desirable that accommodate test model test platform size it is more big more
It is good.The size of three-dimensional physical model test platform that the country has built completion is also increasing, such as the three-dimensional mould of Zhejiang University
The size of pattern synthesis test platform is the large size three of 10m (length) × 5m (width) × 6m (height), SanXia University's building and architecture institute
Dimension module test platform size reaches 12m (length) × 6m (width) × 6m (height).Commonly referred to as geometric dimension is in two and above direction
The upper threedimensional model more than 5 meters is referred to as large-scale three dimensional model.
The test platform of above-mentioned large-scale three dimensional physical model is accommodated since size is bigger, structure type is typically four sides
It is fixed abutment wall, door or observation window for disengaging can be opened, upper space opens, the box of shape such as uncovered.It is because three-dimensional
Moulded dimension is larger, and frequently with the method for field lofting in engineering construction, setting-out work is most of to be for modelling setting-out at present
It is realized based on total powerstation.In practical operation, it is found that there are many shortcomings for existing method：
(1) the selection problem of basic point
Carry out the positioning of spatial point firstly the need of a basic point using total powerstation, the point of setting-out in need be required for
It is converted into that the distance and bearing angle of this basic point setting-out fixed point could be carried out, total powerstation will be placed in base always during setting-out
Point on.
If this basic point is arranged in model slot, model slot space can be tied up, during experiment, it is also difficult to protecting group
Point is not damaged, in this way in the parallel contrast test for carrying out multigroup same model, it is difficult to be obtained with this setting out method identical
Threedimensional model.If basic point is arranged on outside model slot, possible position can only be the upper space of model slot, setting-out when
Wait, the alidade (telescope) of total powerstation must downward run-home, and be angled downward generally can not be more than 45 °, therefore use
Total powerstation has viewing blind zone from the top setting-out of model slot.If setting-out region is in model trench bottom, and model slot is deeper, blind area
Range even can be more than 50%.
(2) operating process is inefficient
Using total powerstation setting-out, the position of each point is converted into setting-out element, is exactly layout point with respect to total powerstation institute
At the distance and bearing angle of basic point.According to this distance and bearing angle during setting-out, first prism is disposed for the first time, then ranging is surveyed
Angle calculates offset distance and the direction of target point and the first installation position of prism according to this measured distance and azimuth.It determines
After aiming spot, then the elevation by prisms between target point, measuring target point and basic point, then put according to target point
Sample elevation and existing elevation, which calculate model at that point, should increase the height of (or reduction).Entire setting-out flow path efficiency is very low,
And setting-out quality is difficult to control.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of quickly determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position
Setting out method, the quick of layout point can be completed without using total powerstation and determine, enormously simplify setting-out flow, pinpoint process
It is simple and quick.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of quickly determining large-scale three dimensional physics
The setting out method of pattern layout point position, this method include the following steps：
Step 1：Arrange setting-out basic point：In the top edge arrangement for accommodating the test platform of large-scale three dimensional physical model at least
Three setting-out basic points for being in same elevation；
Step 2：Three setting-out basic points of selection carry out setting-out：Three setting-out bases are selected in the setting-out basic point arranged from step 1
Point carries out setting-out, and three interior angles of the benchmark triangle that selected three setting-out basic points are formed are not less than 30 °；
Step 3：Using the length, width and height direction of test platform as three change in coordinate axis direction of three-dimensional system of coordinate, measuring process 2 selects
Three-dimensional coordinate (x of the fixed each setting-out basic point in the three-dimensional system of coordinateb,yb,zb)；
Step 4：The coordinate of target layout point Mi in large-scale three dimensional physical model is converted into the determining test platform of step 3
Three-dimensional coordinate (x under three-dimensional system of coordinatei,yi,zi),
According to formula
Each setting-out basic point in three setting-out basic points of step 3 is calculated respectively the distance between to target layout point Mi
(D1, D2, D3)；
Step 5：It determines layout point position, carries out setting-out：The spatial position of layout point is determined using the method for Distance Intersection,
During setting-out, the three setting-out basic points selected from step 2 draw three setting-out bracing wires respectively, and the end of three setting-out bracing wires is connected to
On same setting-out annulus, the radius of the setting-out annulus is R, when the length that three setting-out bracing wires pull out respectively reaches D1- R, D2-
R, D3During-R, the center of the setting-out annulus is the setting-out position of target layout point Mi in large-scale three dimensional physical model, you can into
Row setting-out.
The radius of setting-out annulus is less than 10 millimeters.
The in due course length that three setting-out bracing wires pull out in step 5 is by the stay-supported displacement sensing that is installed on outside test platform
Device measures.
Measuring method is：
Step 5-1：Lead is installed respectively in the step 1 of the upper edge of test platform determining each setting-out base position
Plate opens up fairlead on lead plate and is passed in and out for being installed on the steel wire pull line of the stay-supported type displacement sensor outside test platform,
The position of each fairlead is the position of each setting-out basic point, and stay-supported type displacement sensor is connect by conducting wire with computer；
Step 5-2：The steel wire pull line initial value for determining stay-supported type displacement sensor is marked by calibration point：In test platform
Abutment wall on multiple calibration points is set to mark, select calibration point label of one of calibration point label as single setting-out；
Step 5-3：By setting-out annulus be pulled to the selected single setting-outs of step 5-2 calibration point mark, setting-out annulus with
The end connection of three steel wire pull lines of stay-supported type displacement sensor, three steel wire pull lines are each passed through step 2 selected three
The fairlead of a setting-out basic point, it is ensured that bracing wire is tight, and stay-supported position on the lower three setting-out basic points of the state is recorded by computer
Shift value (the L of displacement sensor10, L20, L30)；
Step 5-4：Into after setting-out state, stay-supported type displacement sensor collected shift value (L in real time1, L2, L3) subtract
Shift value (the L recorded when step 5-3 being gone to demarcate10, L20, L30), along with the selected three setting-out basic points of step 2 to step
Distance (the D of the calibration point label of the selected single setting-outs of rapid 5-2s1, Ds2, Ds3) to get to the corresponding setting-out of each steel wire pull line
The in due course length that bracing wire pulls out.
Computer display is installed at the top of the abutment wall of test platform.
A kind of setting out method of quick determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position provided by the invention, advantageous effect
It is as follows：
1st, the quick of layout point can be completed without using total powerstation to determine, enormously simplifies setting-out flow, pinpoint process
The setting-out element of all layout points is (to the distance D of three setting-out basic points before simple and quick pattern layout1, D2, D3) had been calculated
Finish, the workflow not recalculated during setting-out；
2nd, using three linear distance Cross locations, it is simple and quick to pinpoint process；
3rd, basic point is in model test platform upper space, and model test is interfered less, conducive to the protection of basic point.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the method for the present invention, and full-scale model test platform is model slot structure form；
Fig. 2 is scheme of installation when the method for the present invention uses stay-supported type displacement sensor；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that the end of three setting-out bracing wires in the method for the present invention step 4 is connected on same setting-out annulus；
Fig. 4 is the calibration point label that setting-out annulus is pulled to the selected single setting-outs of step 5-2 in step 5-3 of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, accommodate the structure of the 1 generally use model slot of test platform of large-scale three dimensional physical model, i.e. model
Platform four sides is abutment wall, and top opens, the normally opened cleaning door for people's disengaging on abutment wall, and falsework is often set up around model slot,
Testing crew can test process from observing and nursing above model trough rim wall.
A kind of setting out method of quick determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position, this method include the following steps：
Step 1：Arrange setting-out basic point 2：Accommodate large-scale three dimensional physical model test platform 1 top edge arrange to
Few three setting-out basic points 2 for being in same elevation；
Step 2：Three setting-out basic points 2 of selection carry out setting-out：Three setting-outs are selected in the setting-out basic point 2 arranged from step 1
Basic point 2 carries out setting-out, and three interior angles of the benchmark triangle 3 that selected three setting-out basic points 2 are formed are not less than 30 °；
Step 3：Using the length, width and height direction of test platform 1 as three change in coordinate axis direction of three-dimensional system of coordinate, measuring process 2 selects
Three-dimensional coordinate x of the fixed each setting-out basic point 2 in the three-dimensional system of coordinateb,yb,zb；
Step 4：The coordinate of target layout point Mi in large-scale three dimensional physical model is converted into the determining test platform of step 3
Three-dimensional coordinate (x under three-dimensional system of coordinatei,yi,zi),
According to formula
The each setting-out basic point 2 calculated respectively in three setting-out basic points 2 of step 3 arrives the distance between target layout point Mi
D1, D2, D3；
Step 5：It determines layout point position, carries out setting-out：The spatial position of layout point is determined using the method for Distance Intersection,
During setting-out, the three setting-out basic points 2 selected from step 2 draw three setting-out bracing wires 4 respectively, and the end of three setting-out bracing wires 4 connects
It is connected on same setting-out annulus 7 (as shown in Figure 3), the radius of the setting-out annulus 7 is R, when the length that three setting-out bracing wires 4 pull out
Degree respectively reaches D1- R, D2- R, D3During-R, the center of the setting-out annulus 7 is target layout point Mi in large-scale three dimensional physical model
Setting-out position, you can carry out setting-out.
The radius of setting-out annulus 7 is less than 10 millimeters.
The in due course length that three setting-out bracing wires 4 pull out in step 5 is passed by being installed on the stay-supported displacement outside test platform 1
Sensor 8 measures, and mounting means is as shown in Figure 2.
Measuring method is：
Step 5-1：In determining each 2 position of the setting-out basic point difference of the step 1 of 13 upper edge of abutment wall of test platform 1
Lead plate 12 is installed, fairlead 9 is opened up on lead plate 12 and supplies to be installed on the stay-supported type displacement sensor 8 outside test platform 1
Steel wire pull line 10 pass in and out, the position of each fairlead 9 is the position of each setting-out basic point 2, and stay-supported type displacement sensor 8 passes through letter
Number line 14 is connect with computer；
Step 5-2：10 initial value of steel wire pull line for determining stay-supported type displacement sensor 8 is marked by calibration point：It is testing
Multiple calibration point labels 5 on the abutment wall of platform 1 are set, one of calibration point is selected to mark the calibration point as single setting-out
Label 11；
Step 5-3：Setting-out annulus 7 is pulled to the calibration point label 11 of the selected single setting-outs of step 5-2, setting-out annulus
7 connect with the end of three steel wire pull lines 10 of stay-supported type displacement sensor 8, and three steel wire pull lines 10 are each passed through step 2 institute
The fairlead (as shown in Figure 4) of three setting-out basic points 2 of selection, it is ensured that bracing wire is tight, is recorded three under the state by computer
The shift value L of stay-supported type displacement sensor 8 on a setting-out basic point 210, L20, L30；
Step 5-4：Into after setting-out state, the real-time collected shift value L of stay-supported type displacement sensor 81, L2, L3It subtracts
The shift value L that step 5-3 is recorded when demarcating10, L20, L30, along with the selected three setting-out basic points 2 of step 2 arrive step 5-
The distance D of the calibration point label 11 of 2 selected single setting-outss1, Ds2, Ds3It is drawn to get to each 10 corresponding setting-out of steel wire pull line
The in due course length that line 4 pulls out.
Computer display 6 is installed at the top of the abutment wall of test platform 1, can observe each 10 length of steel wire pull line in time
Variation, facilitates testing crew to judge the direction of target point.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of setting out method of quick determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position, it is characterised in that this method include with
Lower step：
Step 1：Arrange setting-out basic point (2)：Accommodate large-scale three dimensional physical model test platform (1) top edge arrange to
Few three setting-out basic points (2) for being in same elevation；
Step 2：Three setting-out basic points (2) of selection carry out setting-out：Three setting-outs of selection in the setting-out basic point (2) arranged from step 1
Basic point (2) carries out setting-out, and three interior angles of the benchmark triangle (3) that selected three setting-out basic points (2) are formed are not less than
30°；
Step 3：Using the length, width and height direction of test platform (1) as three change in coordinate axis direction of three-dimensional system of coordinate, measuring process 2 is selected
Three-dimensional coordinate (x of each setting-out basic point (2) in the three-dimensional system of coordinateb,yb,zb)；
Step 4：It is three-dimensional that the coordinate of target layout point Mi in large-scale three dimensional physical model is converted into the determining test platform of step 3
Three-dimensional coordinate (x under coordinate systemi,yi,zi),
According to formula
Each setting-out basic point (2) in three setting-out basic points (2) of step 3 is calculated respectively the distance between to target layout point Mi
D1, D2, D3；
Step 5：It determines layout point position, carries out setting-out：The spatial position of layout point, setting-out are determined using the method for Distance Intersection
When, the three setting-out basic points (2) selected from step 2 draw three setting-out bracing wires (4), the end of three setting-out bracing wires (4) respectively
It is connected on same setting-out annulus (7), the radius of the setting-out annulus (7) is R, when the length that three setting-out bracing wires (4) pull out
Respectively reach D1- R, D2- R, D3During-R, the center of the setting-out annulus (7) is target layout point Mi in large-scale three dimensional physical model
Setting-out position, you can carry out setting-out.
2. a kind of setting out method of quick determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：The radius of setting-out annulus (7) is less than 10 millimeters.
3. a kind of setting out method of quick determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that the in due course length that three setting-out bracing wires (4) pull out in the step 5 stay-supported position external by being installed on test platform (1)
Displacement sensor (8) measures.
4. a kind of setting out method of quick determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position according to claim 3,
It is characterized in that measuring method is：
Step 5-1：It installs and draws respectively in determining each setting-out basic point (2) position of the step 1 of the upper edge of test platform (1)
Line plate (12) opens up fairlead (9) stay-supported type displacement sensor external for being installed on test platform (1) on lead plate (12)
(8) steel wire pull line (10) disengaging, the position of each fairlead (9) is the position of each setting-out basic point (2), stay-supported displacement sensing
Device (8) is connect by conducting wire with computer；
Step 5-2：Steel wire pull line (10) initial value for determining stay-supported type displacement sensor (8) is marked by calibration point：It is testing
Multiple calibration point labels (5) on the abutment wall of platform (1) are set, one of calibration point is selected to mark the mark as single setting-out
Fixed point label (11)；
Step 5-3：The calibration point that setting-out annulus (7) is pulled to the selected single setting-outs of step 5-2 marks (11), setting-out annulus
(7) end with three steel wire pull lines (10) of stay-supported type displacement sensor (8) is connect, and three steel wire pull lines (10) are each passed through
The fairlead of the selected three setting-out basic points (2) of step 2, it is ensured that bracing wire is tight, and lower three of the state is recorded by computer
The shift value L of stay-supported type displacement sensor (8) on setting-out basic point (2)10, L20, L30；
Step 5-4：Into after setting-out state, the real-time collected shift value L of stay-supported type displacement sensor (8)1, L2, L3Subtract step
The shift value L recorded during rapid 5-3 calibration10, L20, L30, along with the selected three setting-out basic points (2) of step 2 to step 5-
The distance D of the calibration point label (11) of 2 selected single setting-outss1, Ds2, Ds3It is put to get to each steel wire pull line (10) is corresponding
The in due course length that sample bracing wire (4) pulls out.
5. a kind of setting out method of quick determining large-scale three dimensional physical model layout point position according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that：Computer display (6) is installed at the top of the abutment wall of test platform (1).
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| CN106546229B (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-11-09 | 中国葛洲坝集团第一工程有限公司 | A kind of surveying and locating method convenient for floor manager |
| CN109064868B (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2020-09-22 | 大连大学 | Total station coordinate measurement teaching model with down tube inclination angle adjusting structure |
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| KR100526741B1 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2005-11-08 | 김시학 | Tension Based Interface System for Force Feedback and/or Position Tracking and Surgically Operating System for Minimally Incising the affected Part Using the Same |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2287169Y (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1998-08-05 | 天津大学 | Three dimension coordinate sampling device for arc dam |
| CN101328768A (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2008-12-24 | 上海建科预应力技术工程有限公司 | Method for mounting space prestressed steel structure cable adaptor |
| CN103486989A (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2014-01-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Guy cable type spatial position measurement mechanism and method |
| CN104344799A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-02-11 | 公安部天津消防研究所 | Space displacement measurement device and method adopting multiple displacement sensors |
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