CN104344799A - Space displacement measurement device and method adopting multiple displacement sensors - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a space displacement measurement device and a space displacement measurement method adopting multiple displacement sensors. Three displacement sensors are respectively fixed on a base with a supporting structure through force sensors; reserved holes are reserved in specific positions of a supporting framework with a supporting structure; one end of each of three steel wire ropes is fixed on a measurement point, and the other end of each of the three steel wire ropes is connected with a corresponding displacement sensor through the corresponding reserved hole; the displacement sensors and the force sensors are connected to a paperless recorder through data wires. When measuring a displacement, the space displacement measurement device can measure outer force on the displacement sensors and realize monitoring on equipment, so that the reliability of measurement is improved. A space position of the measurement point can be calculated by adopting a calculation formula provided by the invention according to measured values of the displacement sensors, so that a space displacement of the measurement point is obtained. According to the space displacement measurement device and the space displacement measurement method, the unidirectional one-dimensional measurement on an existing displacement sensor is broken through, and three-dimensional space measurement on the measurement point is realized. The space displacement measurement device is clear in theory, simple in structure and stable in performance.

Description

A kind of space displacement measurement mechanism and method adopting multidigit displacement sensor

Technical field

The present invention relates to displacement measuring device, particularly a kind of space displacement measurement mechanism of the employing multidigit displacement sensor used in building structure fire testing and method.

Background technology

Current displacement measuring device is all use displacement sensor measuring point.According to the measuring principle of displacement transducer, this device can only measure the displacement of the specific direction of this measuring point, i.e. one dimension displacement.The dimension being limited to displacement transducer is not enough, in actual use, is all generally that the sense of displacement choosing object tested point to be measured main is measured.

Find in building structure fire testing, in most cases structural damage form is carried out according to the mode of design, and namely structure causes destruction along the Main way of setting due to intensity deficiency; But find, the form sometimes destroyed not according to the Main way development of setting, but produces destruction along other directions, the unstable failure form namely structure thought simultaneously.Existing metering system cannot measure the displacement in non-selected direction, thus cannot reflect the real displacement situation in various situation, for follow-up structure analysis brings deficiency.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiency that existing displacement measuring device exists, the invention provides a kind of the space displacement measurement mechanism and the method that adopt multidigit displacement sensor.This device and method is applicable to measure the displacement of measuring point space three-dimensional in building structure fire testing.

The present invention for achieving the above object, the technical scheme taked is: a kind of space displacement measurement mechanism adopting multidigit displacement sensor, is characterized in that: comprise hook/magnetic crochet, wire rope, supporting construction, the first displacement transducer, second displacement sensor, triple motion sensor, the first force snesor, the second force snesor, the 3rd force snesor, recording instrument without paper and data line; Described supporting construction is made up of one piece of base plate and the scaffold be welded on base plate; First force snesor, the second force snesor and the 3rd force snesor horizontal interval are fixed on scaffold, three force sensor measuring faces fix the first displacement transducer, second displacement sensor and triple motion sensor respectively, and the measuring junction of three displacement transducers respectively connects a wire rope; Article three, wire rope passes respectively from the preformed hole the scaffold of supporting construction, and is fixed on the measuring point of needs measurement by hook/magnetic crochet; First displacement transducer, second displacement sensor, triple motion sensor, the first force snesor, the second force snesor and the 3rd force snesor are received on recording instrument without paper respectively by data line.

A kind of measuring method of the space displacement measurement mechanism of multidigit displacement sensor that adopts of the present invention is: the displacement of a measuring point measured jointly by the first described displacement transducer, second displacement sensor and triple motion sensor, and carries out space three-dimensional displacement by following algorithm and solve:

Suppose that the measuring point measured on test specimen is P, be placed on measuring table by described space displacement measurement mechanism, spatially choosing any point beyond P is coordinate system O point, sets up coordinate axis, and now P point coordinate is (x, y, z); Choose not A, B, C point-blank 3 point in a coordinate system, as the wire rope preformed hole of three on supporting construction scaffold, its coordinate is respectively (x _a, y _a, z _a), (x _b, y _b, z _b), (x _c, y _c, z _c); If A position is coordinate origin O, if the distance of AB, AC is b, before on-test, the distance first measuring AP, BP, CP is respectively r _a, r _b, r _c, then there is system of equations:

x ²+y ²+z ²＝r _A ²

(x-b) ²+y ²+z ²＝r _B ²

x ²+y ²+(z-b) ²＝r _C ²----------------------(1)

Solve system of equations (1), the coordinate that can obtain measuring point P is:

$x=\frac{{r_A}^2-{r_B}^2+b^2}{2b}$

$y=\sqrt{-\frac{{r_A}^4}{2b^2}-\frac{{r_B}^4}{4b^2}-\frac{{r_C}^4}{4b^2}+\frac{{r_A}^2{r_B}^2}{2b^2}+\frac{{r_A}^2{r_C}^2}{2b^2}+\frac{{r_B}^2}{2}+\frac{{r_C}^2}{2}-\frac{b^2}{2}}$

$z=\frac{{r_A}^2-{r_C}^2+b^2}{2b}---\left(2\right)$

When t, measuring point P is moved, and when arriving P` point, coordinate is (x`, y`, z`), and now the distance of A, B, C distance measuring point P has changed Δ r respectively _a, Δ r _b, Δ r _c; Now measuring point P` meets following system of equations:

x` <sup>2</sup>+y` ²+z` ²＝(r _A+Δr _A) ²

(x`-b) <sup>2</sup>+y` ²+z` ²＝(r _B+Δr _B) ²

x` <sup>2</sup>+y` ²+(z`-b) ²＝(r _C+Δr _C) ²----------------------(3)

Solve system of equations (3), the coordinate that can obtain measuring point P` is:

$x^{\&prime;}=\frac{{(r_A+\mathrm{\&Delta;}{r}_A)}^2-{(r_B+\mathrm{\&Delta;}{r}_B)}^2+b^2}{2b}$

$y^{\&prime;}=\sqrt{-\frac{{(r_A+\mathrm{\&Delta;}{r}_A)}^4}{2b^2}-\frac{{(r_B+\mathrm{\&Delta;}{r}_B)}^4}{4b^2}-\frac{{(r_C+\mathrm{\&Delta;}{r}_C)}^4}{4b^2}+\frac{{(r_A+\mathrm{\&Delta;}{r}_A)}^2{(r_B+\mathrm{\&Delta;}{r}_B)}^2}{2b^2}+\frac{{(r_A+\mathrm{\&Delta;}{r}_A)}^2{(r_C+\mathrm{\&Delta;}{r}_C)}^2}{2b^2}+\frac{{(r_B+\mathrm{\&Delta;}{r}_B)}^2}{2}+\frac{{(r_C+\mathrm{\&Delta;}{r}_C)}^2}{2}-\frac{b^2}{2}}$

$z^{\&prime;}=\frac{{(r_A+\mathrm{\&Delta;}{r}_A)}^2-{(r_C+\mathrm{\&Delta;}{r}_C)}^2+b^2}{2b}---\left(4\right)$

Can be in the hope of by formula (4), the displacement of the three-dimensional of measuring point is respectively:

Δx＝x ^`-x

Δy＝y ^`-y

Δz＝z`-z----------------------------------(5)

When on-test, open the signal of each displacement transducer of recording instrument without paper record, the numerical value of monitoring force sensor, guarantees that equipment is in normal operating conditions simultaneously; After off-test, the data collected are transferred in computing machine from recording instrument without paper, according to formula (2), formula (4) and formula (5), namely obtain the space three-dimensional shift value of measuring point.

The beneficial effect that the present invention produces is: can only realize single direction relative to current metering system, and namely one dimension displacement is measured, and the present invention realizes the measurement of measuring point space three-dimensional displacement, reflects the misalignment of measuring point more really; Simultaneously owing to recording three-D displacement simultaneously, so both to test specimen while carrying out intensive analysis, stability analysis can be carried out again, improve data volume and the range of application of displacement measurement; Be fixed on bottom each displacement transducer on pulling force sensor, the monitoring to tension variations in displacement measurement process can be realized, thus assessment is made to the accuracy measured, significantly improve the reliability of measurement data.Adopt computing formula provided by the invention by the measured value of displacement transducer, the locus of measuring point can be obtained, thus obtain the space displacement of measuring point.Building structure fire testing field can be applied to; The principle of the invention is clear, structure is simple, stable performance.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is space displacement measurement mechanism structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is space displacement measurement mechanism mathematical model schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is space displacement measurement mechanism Computing Principle schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 4 be embodiments of the invention according to the measuring point result measured in XOY plane solve rear drafting (x, _y) figure;

Fig. 5 is that embodiments of the invention solve (x, z) figure of rear drafting according to the measuring point result measured in XOZ plane;

Fig. 6 be embodiments of the invention according to the measuring point result measured in YOZ plane solve rear drafting ( _y, z) figure.

Embodiment

Understand the present invention in order to clearer, be described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:

With reference to Fig. 1, this space displacement measurement mechanism comprises hook/magnetic crochet 1, wire rope 2, supporting construction 3, first displacement transducer 4, second displacement sensor 5, triple motion sensor 6, first force snesor 7, second force snesor 8, the 3rd force snesor 9, recording instrument without paper 10 and data line 11; Supporting construction 3 is made up of one piece of base plate 3.1 and the scaffold 3.2 be welded on base plate 3.1; First force snesor 7, second force snesor 8 and the 3rd force snesor 9 horizontal interval are fixed on scaffold 3.2, the measuring junction that three force sensor measuring faces fix the first displacement transducer 4, second displacement sensor 5 and triple motion sensor 6, three displacement transducers respectively respectively connects a wire rope 2; Article three, wire rope 2 passes respectively from the preformed hole 3.3 scaffold 3.2 of supporting construction 3, and is fixed on the measuring point of needs measurement by hook/magnetic crochet 1; First displacement transducer 4, second displacement sensor 5, triple motion sensor 6, first force snesor 7, second force snesor 8 and the 3rd force snesor 9 are received on recording instrument without paper 10 respectively by data line 11.

The distribution triangular in shape in space of wire rope preformed hole 3.3 on the scaffold 3.2 of this space displacement measurement mechanism supporting construction 3.

Measuring point connects three wire rope by hook/magnetic crochet simultaneously, and every steel cable is each passed through the preformed hole of supporting construction scaffold ad-hoc location, is connected with displacement transducer; Displacement transducer is fixed in support structural frame by force snesor.When measuring point is moved, each bar wire rope be connected on measuring point drives the displacement transducer connected separately to move simultaneously, obtains the absolute displacement component of measuring point relative to each displacement transducer preformed hole position.

With reference to Fig. 2, supposing that fiery face measuring point carried on the back by fire testing test specimen is P, and spatially choosing any point beyond P is coordinate system O point, sets up coordinate axis, and now P point coordinate is (x, y, z).Choose not A, B, C point-blank 3 point in a coordinate system, as the wire rope preformed hole of three on supporting construction scaffold, its coordinate is respectively (x _a, y _a, z _a), (x _b, y _b, z _b), (x _c, y _c, z _c).The distance of A, B, C distance measuring point P is respectively r _a, r _b, r _c.

Can think at geometric angle, P point is the centre of sphere at A, B, C 3 point, and radius is respectively r _a, r _b, r _can intersection point of three space spheres.Three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system formula can be in the hope of, and the coordinate of measuring point P meets following system of equations:

(x-x _a) ²+(y-y _a) ²+(z-z _a) ²＝r _a ²

(x-x _b) ²+(y-y _b) ²+(z-z _b) ²＝r _b ²

(x-x _c) ²+(y-y _c) ²+(z-z _c) ²＝r _c ²

When measuring point P is moved, when arriving P` point, coordinate is (x`, y`, z`), and now the distance of A, B, C distance measuring point P has changed Δ r respectively _a, Δ r _b, Δ r _c.Now measuring point P` meets following system of equations:

(x`-x <sub>a</sub>) <sup>2</sup>+(y`-y _a) ²+(z`-z _a) ²＝(r _a+Δr _a) ²

(x`-x <sub>b</sub>) <sup>2</sup>+(y`-y _b) ²+(z`-z _b) ²＝(r _b+Δr _b) ²

(x`-x <sub>c</sub>) <sup>2</sup>+(y`-y _c) ²+(z`-z _c) ²＝(r _c+Δr _c) ²

Measuring point can be tried to achieve be respectively along the displacement component of coordinate axis X, Y, Z:

Δx＝x ^`-x

Δy＝y ^`-y

Δz＝z ^`-z

Can be found out by above-mentioned model, as long as A, B, C 3 is not point-blank, then can be used as coordinate basis point and measure.But find in actual solving, when A, B, C 3 to be distributed in same coordinate plane, point at true origin, two other point in coordinate axis, and three points are when surrounding an equilateral right-angle triangle (as shown in Figure 3), solution formula is comparatively simple, so space displacement measurement mechanism structure of the present invention designs based on this kind of A, B, C arrangement.

Carrying out the structure fire resistance test of fire-fighting domain, during the fire testing of especially fire-resistant coating for steel structure, subjects is the I36 girder steel of the length 6 meters of having brushed fireproof coating, the two ends freely-supported of girder steel; The top of girder steel is not by fire, and its excess-three face is by fire.According to relevant criterion requirement, need the displacement of measuring girder steel central point in process of the test.

In actual test, given experiment condition is: environment temperature is 20 DEG C, 304 stainless steel wire ropes of diameter 0.8mm selected by coupling arrangement, the distance of measuring point distance reference plane is about 2300mm, selected range is 500mm, precision is the stay-supported type displacement sensor of 0.1mm, and brand and model is the bright MPS-S-1000mm-mA of rice; Select 16 Channel Color recording instrument without paper, model is TRD-TJ8716.

First the measurement result in XOY plane is verified:

Measurement result solved, measuring point result draws (x, y) figure, obtains result as shown in Figure 4.

Measurement result in the second, checking XOZ plane:

Measurement result solved, measuring point result draws (x, z) figure, obtains result as shown in Figure 5.

Measurement result in 3rd, checking YOZ plane:

Measurement result solved, measuring point result draws (y, z) figure, obtains result as shown in Figure 6.

The theory that testing authentication demonstrates measuring point space three-dimensional displacement measurement is accurately clear, and method for solving is accurate, and actual test result is desirable, has use value.

According to the above description, the present invention program can be realized in conjunction with industry actual conditions.

Claims (3)

1. adopt a space displacement measurement mechanism for multidigit displacement sensor, it is characterized in that: comprise hook/magnetic crochet (1), wire rope (2), supporting construction (3), the first displacement transducer (4), second displacement sensor (5), triple motion sensor (6), the first force snesor (7), the second force snesor (8), the 3rd force snesor (9), recording instrument without paper (10) and data line (11); Described supporting construction (3) is made up of one piece of base plate (3.1) and the scaffold (3.2) be welded on base plate (3.1); First force snesor (7), the second force snesor (8) and the 3rd force snesor (9) horizontal interval are fixed on scaffold (3.2), three force sensor measuring faces fix the first displacement transducer (4), second displacement sensor (5) and triple motion sensor (6) respectively, and the measuring junction of three displacement transducers respectively connects a wire rope (2); Article three, wire rope (2) passes respectively from the preformed hole (3.3) the scaffold of supporting construction (3) (3.2), and is fixed on the measuring point of needs measurement by hook/magnetic crochet (1); First displacement transducer (4), second displacement sensor (5), triple motion sensor (6), the first force snesor (7), the second force snesor (8) and the 3rd force snesor (9) are received on recording instrument without paper (10) respectively by data line (11).

2. one kind adopts the measuring method adopting the space displacement measurement mechanism of multidigit displacement sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the displacement of a measuring point jointly measured by described the first displacement transducer (4), second displacement sensor (5) and triple motion sensor (6), and carry out space three-dimensional displacement by following algorithm and solve:

Suppose that the measuring point measured on test specimen is P, be placed on measuring table by described space displacement measurement mechanism, spatially choosing any point beyond P is coordinate system O point, sets up coordinate axis, and now P point coordinate is (x, y, z); Choose not A, B, C point-blank 3 point in a coordinate system, as the wire rope preformed hole of three on supporting construction scaffold, its coordinate is respectively (x _a,y _a, z _a), (x _b, y _b, z _b), (x _c, y _c, z _c); If A position is coordinate origin O, if the distance of AB, AC is b, before on-test, the distance first measuring AP, BP, CP is respectively r _a, r _b, r _c, then there is system of equations:

x ²+y ²+z ²＝r _A ²

(x-b) ²+y ²+z ²＝r _B ²

x ²+y ²+(z-b) ²＝r _C ²----------------------(1)

Solve system of equations (1), the coordinate that can obtain measuring point P is:

$x=\frac{{r_A}^2-{r_B}^2+b^2}{2b}$

$y=\sqrt{-\frac{{r_A}^4}{{2b}^2}-\frac{{r_B}^4}{{4b}^2}-\frac{{r_C}^4}{{4b}^2}+\frac{{r_A}^2{r_B}^2}{{2b}^2}+\frac{{r_A}^2{r_C}^2}{{2b}^2}+\frac{{r_B}^2}{2}+\frac{{r_C}^2}{2}-\frac{b^2}{2}}$

$z=\frac{{r_A}^2-{r_C}^2+b^2}{2b}---\left(2\right)$

When t, measuring point P is moved, and when arriving P` point, coordinate is (x`, y`, z`), and now the distance of A, B, C distance measuring point P has changed Δ r respectively _a, Δ r _b, Δ r _c; Now measuring point P` meets following system of equations:

x` <sup>2</sup>+y` ²+z` ²＝(r _A+Δr _A) ²

(x`-b) <sup>2</sup>+y` ²+z` ²＝(r _B+Δr _B) ²

x` <sup>2</sup>+y` ²+(z`-b) ²＝(r _C+Δr _C) ²----------------------(3)

Solve system of equations (3), the coordinate that can obtain measuring point P` is:

$x^{`}=\frac{{(r_A+{\mathrm{\&Delta;r}}_A)}^2-{(r_B+{\mathrm{\&Delta;r}}_B)}^2+b^2}{2b}$

$y^{`}=\sqrt{-\frac{{(r_A+{\mathrm{\&Delta;r}}_A)}^4}{{2b}^2}-\frac{{(r_B+{\mathrm{\&Delta;r}}_B)}^4}{{4b}^2}-\frac{{(r_C+{\mathrm{\&Delta;r}}_C)}^4}{{4b}^2}+\frac{{(r_A+{\mathrm{\&Delta;r}}_A)}^2{(r_B+{\mathrm{\&Delta;r}}_B)}^2}{{2b}^2}+\frac{{(r_A+{\mathrm{\&Delta;r}}_A)}^2{(r_C+{\mathrm{\&Delta;r}}_C)}^2}{{2b}^2}+\frac{{(r_B+{\mathrm{\&Delta;r}}_B)}^2}{2}+\frac{{(r_C+{\mathrm{\&Delta;r}}_C)}^2}{2}-\frac{b^2}{2}}$

$z^{`}=\frac{{(r_A+{\mathrm{\&Delta;r}}_A)}^2-{(r_C+{\mathrm{\&Delta;r}}_C)}^2+b^2}{2b}---\left(4\right)$

Can be in the hope of by formula (4), the displacement of the three-dimensional of measuring point is respectively:

Δx＝x`-x

Δy＝y`-y

Δz＝z`-z ----------------------------------(5)

When on-test, open the signal of each displacement transducer of recording instrument without paper record, the numerical value of monitoring force sensor, guarantees that equipment is in normal operating conditions simultaneously; After off-test, the data collected are transferred in computing machine from recording instrument without paper, according to formula (2), formula (4) and formula (5), namely obtain the space three-dimensional shift value of measuring point.

3. a kind of space displacement measurement mechanism adopting multidigit displacement sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: wire rope preformed hole (3.3) distribution triangular in shape in space on the scaffold (3.2) of described supporting construction (3).