CN105779912A - Method for prolonging service life of amorphous alloy smelting crucible and smelting method for amorphous alloy - Google Patents
Method for prolonging service life of amorphous alloy smelting crucible and smelting method for amorphous alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for prolonging the service life of an amorphous alloy smelting crucible. The method comprises the steps that inorganic powder is added into a solvent to prepare suspension liquid; then, the inner wall of the crucible is sprayed and coated with the suspension liquid and subjected to short-time drying at the temperature lower than 600 DEG C, and a protective coating is formed on the inner wall of the crucible; and the inorganic powder is inorganic oxides and/or inorganic nitrides. The crucible is processed through the method provided by the invention, and the method is simple, easy to carry out, low in cost and remarkable in effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to zirconium-base amorphous alloy field of smelting, more particularly it relates to an improve non-crystaline amorphous metal to smelt the method for crucible life and the smelting process of a kind of non-crystaline amorphous metal.
Background technology
Non-crystaline amorphous metal, since nineteen sixty is found first, has been always up the focus of research.The nineties in 20th century adopts multi-element alloyed method, reduces the critical cooling rate of non-crystaline amorphous metal, it is achieved that the preparation of block amorphous alloy, makes the engineer applied of such material be possibly realized.Non-crystaline amorphous metal shortrange order, longrange disorder structure so that it is there is the excellent mechanical properties such as high intensity, high elastic limit, wear resistance be good.
Zirconium-base amorphous due to the amorphous formation ability of its excellence, become business-like one of large block amorphous the earliest, during the big stove of zirconium-base amorphous foundry alloy is smelted, reactive melt element is many, good fluidity, and the corrosion penetration ability of sidewall of crucible is strong, cause that the service life of crucible is short, increase the consumption of crucible and change the frequency of crucible, adding production cost, have impact on production efficiency.Conventional crucible coating layer technology can be effectively increased inner surface of crucible consistency, promote crucible life, prior art such as, is mentioned a kind of crucible coating layer, first configure coating paste, containing bonding agent compositions such as polyvinyl alcohol in slurry, spray to crucible internal walls, toast for a long time through high temperature (more than 1000 degree), make coating and crucible internal walls combine closely, owing to coating is fine and close, be not susceptible to reaction with melt and improve crucible life.But, coating stripping, due to excellent mobility and composition activity, is peeled off together with crucible internal walls by zirconium-base amorphous foundry alloy due to melt defective material, can aggravate crucible and lose efficacy.
Summary of the invention
Instant invention overcomes the damaged technical problem causing crucible to lose efficacy of crucible internal walls in prior art, and a kind of method improving non-crystaline amorphous metal smelting crucible life is provided, be particularly suited for smelting the non-crystaline amorphous metal of activity height, good fluidity.
Specifically, the technical scheme is that
A kind of method improving non-crystaline amorphous metal smelting crucible life, including: inorganic powder is added to solvent, is configured to suspension, then by suspension spray to crucible internal walls, dry in short-term at the temperature lower than 600 DEG C, form protection coating at crucible internal walls；Described inorganic powder is inorganic oxide and/or inorganic nitride.
The smelting process of a kind of non-crystaline amorphous metal, comprises the following steps:
S1, first adopt method provided by the invention that crucible is processed；
S2, alloy to be smelted is placed in through step S1 process crucible in, then will proceed in smelting furnace and carry out melting, melting complete after pour into a mould obtain described non-crystaline amorphous metal.
Adopt method provided by the invention that crucible is processed, by the suspension low-temperature short-time of specific composition is dried, protection coating one layer relatively low with crucible surface adhesive force is formed in crucible, it can effectively completely cut off the possibility that alloy melt directly contacts with crucible internal walls or reacts, simultaneously that the composition influence of the non-crystaline amorphous metal smelted is little, and this protection coating due to crucible adhesive force is relatively low therefore can come off together with defective material after alloy smelting completes, namely it is disposable coating, crucible internal walls will not be produced substantial damage, such that it is able to effectively extend pot life.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method improving non-crystaline amorphous metal smelting crucible life; including: inorganic powder is added to solvent, is configured to suspension; then by suspension spray to crucible internal walls, dry in short-term at the temperature lower than 600 DEG C, form protection coating at crucible internal walls；Described inorganic powder is inorganic oxide and/or inorganic nitride.
Adopt method provided by the invention that crucible is processed, by the suspension low-temperature short-time of specific composition is dried, protection coating one layer relatively low with crucible surface adhesive force is formed in crucible, it can effectively completely cut off the possibility that alloy melt directly contacts with crucible internal walls or reacts, simultaneously that the composition influence of the non-crystaline amorphous metal smelted is little, and this protection coating due to crucible adhesive force is relatively low therefore can come off together with defective material after alloy smelting completes, namely it is disposable coating, crucible internal walls will not be produced substantial damage, such that it is able to effectively extend pot life.
In the present invention, by inorganic powder to be mixed homogeneously formation suspension with solvent, it is then applied to crucible internal walls and namely forms disposable protection coating after drying.This protection coating can completely cut off directly contacting of major part melt and sidewall of crucible in follow-up alloy smelting process, and after smelting terminates, coating will peel off crucible internal walls together with the defective material penetrated on a small quantity in coating.
In the present invention, the main body film-forming components of described protection coating is inorganic powder.Described inorganic powder is inorganic oxide and/or inorganic nitride.Wherein, described inorganic oxide can be yittrium oxide, aluminium oxide, calcium oxide, one or more in zirconium oxide.Inorganic nitride can be then silicon nitride and/or boron nitride, it is preferred to silicon nitride.
Considering in the suspension that the present invention adopts without particular adhesive composition, toast for a long time also without through high temperature, coated powder is little with crucible internal walls adhesive force, and therefore in coating, inorganic powder such as fruit granule is excessive, it is easy to come off before smelting.Inventor is through test of many times, it has been found that controlled by the median particle diameter D50 of stepless powder at 1 ~ 50 micron, it is preferred to when 2 ~ 10 microns, can effectively prevent protection coating from coming off before smelting.
In the present invention, the solvent adopted can also be able to be inorganic solvent for organic solvent, for instance can be in deionized water, ethanol, acetone any one or multiple, but be not limited to this.The effect of described solvent is by inorganic powder mix homogeneously, produces certain adhesive force simultaneously and is attached on crucible internal walls.
In the present invention, for the ease of inorganic powder in a solvent dispersed, it is also possible to be properly added dispersant, such as ammonium polyacrylate etc., but it is not limited to this.In addition, other compositions except foregoing dispersant can also be properly added about suspension formulation involved in the present invention, such as organic adhesive, as long as playing and inorganic powder being coated to crucible internal walls, also separating with crucible internal walls easily when clearing up residue, the present invention is not particularly limited.
In coating process of the present invention, inorganic powder is (1 ~ 9.5) with the mass ratio of solvent: (9 ~ 0.5).Inventor have found that, inorganic powder consumption is too much, and it easily comes off from crucible internal walls, and the uniformity of powder also declines；And its consumption is very few, then the effect of coating isolation alloy melt and crucible internal walls can be made to decline.
Inventor finds through test of many times, and the spray layer thickness of selection is 1 ~ 100 micron, it is preferable that when 3 ~ 30 microns preferably.This is because, overweight coating, it is easy to come off before smelting；Cover light, the isolation alloy melt of coating declines with the effect of crucible internal walls.
In the present invention, after crucible internal walls is coated with suspension, can be baked to form protection coating either directly through crucible waste heat, without again together with suspension coat, crucible being heated drying and processing.
If crucible is cold pot for first use, then before coating suspension, first crucible can be carried out the pre-heat treatment.As it was previously stated, in the present invention, dry without excessive temperature when forming described protection coating, the temperature therefore preheated by crucible is without too high.Under preferable case, crucible is preheating to 50 ~ 500 DEG C, it is preferred to 150 ~ 400 DEG C.
By the pre-heat treatment, having made crucible is hot pot.Then the aforementioned suspension prepared can be coated with.It is coated with after changing suspension, by the waste heat of crucible, coat can be carried out drying and processing.
The time dried without long, this be due in the present invention without ensureing, between the coating and the crucible that are formed, there is higher adhesive force, on the contrary, only need it to have certain adhesive force ensure that it does not fall off before smelting.Under preferable case, drying time is more than 10 seconds to 20 minutes, it is preferred to 1 ~ 5 minute.Crucible waste heat is more many, and namely crucible temperature is more high, and coated and dried required time is then more short.Inventor finds through great many of experiments, and under aforementioned preferable temperature and time, coating suspension, the protection coating of formation and the adhesive force of crucible are suitable, and in coating, the steam of residual, without affecting alloy smelting, conveniently operates and improving production efficiency simultaneously.
Additionally, about involved in the present invention by the coating method of suspension coating to crucible internal walls also without particular restriction, suspension be applied to crucible internal walls form the protection coating of suitable adhesion as long as can play.
Adopt method provided by the invention that crucible is processed, by prewarming baking between low-temperature short-time, time and cost can be saved greatly；It is simple to operate, it is easy to accomplish；It is good to cut crucible protected effect.The crucible of the various materials that method provided by the invention is smelted for non-crystaline amorphous metal suitable in prior art.Crucible smelted by conventional big stove mullite crucible, alumina crucible, silica crucible etc., and the method provided in the present invention all can use.
Thus, the invention provides the smelting process of a kind of non-crystaline amorphous metal, comprise the following steps:
S1, first adopt method provided by the invention that crucible is processed；
S2, alloy to be smelted is placed in through step S1 process crucible in, then will proceed in smelting furnace and carry out melting, melting complete after pour into a mould obtain described non-crystaline amorphous metal.
In the present invention, involved non-crystaline amorphous metal is suitable for and is not limited to zirconium-base amorphous foundry alloy, for instance ni-based amorphous alloy；The element activity such as titanium-based amorphous alloy, cu-based amorphous alloys is high, the various high temperature alloys of good fluidity.
Containing multiple active element in zirconium-base amorphous alloy, under high-temperature liquid state, mobility is very good, it is very easy to penetrate in crucible internal walls hole, what after cast, a melt defective material part penetrated into crucible internal walls generally holds on to crucible internal walls as tree root, and another part is attached to inner surface of crucible, during cleaning, it is easy to peel off crucible internal walls together, repeatedly several times, crucible internal walls peeled-off portion is cumulative and occurs smelting leakage risk, and crucible very easily lost efficacy.And the crucible coating layer technology of routine can not stop the permeability of zirconium-base amorphous melt very well, the DeGrain that crucible life is improved；Simultaneously conventional crucible coating layer technology it is generally required to after crucible is coated with spreading mass, toast tens hours under 1000 degree of high temperature above, and energy consumption cost is not low.Therefore, the method for raising non-crystaline amorphous metal provided by the invention smelting crucible life is particularly suited for the smelting of zirconium-base amorphous alloy.The relevant parameters such as the temperature and time for concrete alloy melting, it is relevant with the alloy compositions of concrete institute melting, and all in the normal ranges of this area, the present invention does not have particular/special requirement, repeats no more herein.
In the present invention, the protection coating formed on crucible internal walls surface belongs to disposable coating, i.e. every melting one stove alloy, it is necessary to again spray primary coating.Inorganic powder contained in coating can shed into melt every time after smelting, but is therefore mainly gathered in residue owing to its density is little, without affecting the composition of alloy, produces any impact without on crucible body, thus extending its service life simultaneously.Therefore, present invention additionally comprises the step by crucible being carried out after alloy casting complete residue cleaning.The step of cleaning is conventionally known to one of skill in the art, repeats no more herein.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will part provide in the following description, and part will become apparent from the description below, or is recognized by the practice of the present invention.
The embodiments described below is illustrative of, and is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1
Crucible process technique: 1, alumina crucible is preheated to 200 DEG C；2,15 weight portion Zirconium oxide powders (median particle diameter D50 is 2 microns) are added to 85 weight portion ethanol；3, it is sufficiently stirred for and rocks, form unit for uniform suspension.4, by above-mentioned suspension spray to the crucible internal walls through preheating, coating thickness is 2 ~ 5 microns；Zirconium-base amorphous alloy raw material (Zr is loaded after 1 minute55Al10Cu30Ni5) smelt.
Alloy smelting technique: smelting the smelting furnace selected is 600KG vacuum induction melting furnace, every stove adds zircaloy raw material 400KG, refining temperature 1100 DEG C, and refine is incubated 10 minutes.After refine completes, alloy is poured into a mould.
After alloy cast, ingot casting sampling is carried out composition test, crucible after cast is carried out residue cleaning, it is reduced to 300 DEG C of right sides Deng temperature in crucible, continue spraying aforementioned suspension, load alloy raw material after 1 minute again to smelt, again to ingot casting sampling and testing composition, again spray smelting, until crucible lost efficacy, crucible life when record lost efficacy.
Embodiment 2
Crucible process technique: 1, alumina crucible is preheated to 100 DEG C；2,25 weight portion Zirconium oxide powders (median particle diameter D50 is 5 microns) are added to 75 weight portion ethanol；3, it is sufficiently stirred for and rocks, form unit for uniform suspension.4, by above-mentioned suspension spray to the crucible internal walls through preheating, coating thickness is 5 ~ 10 microns；Zirconium-base amorphous alloy raw material (Zr is loaded after 5 minutes55Al10Cu30Ni5) smelt.
Alloy smelting technique: smelting the smelting furnace selected is 600KG vacuum induction melting furnace, every stove adds zircaloy raw material 400KG, refining temperature 1100 DEG C, and refine is incubated 10 minutes.After refine completes, alloy is poured into a mould.
After alloy cast, ingot casting sampling is carried out composition test, crucible after cast is carried out residue cleaning, it is reduced to 300 DEG C of right sides Deng temperature in crucible, continue spraying aforementioned suspension, load alloy raw material after 5 minutes again to smelt, again to ingot casting sampling and testing composition, again spray smelting, until crucible lost efficacy, crucible life when record lost efficacy.
Comparative example 1
The crucible technique that the present embodiment adopts is as follows:
Directly use alumina crucible, do not carry out coating process.
The smelting furnace selected is 600KG vacuum induction melting furnace, and every stove adds zircaloy raw material 400KG, refining temperature 1100 degree, and refine is incubated 10 minutes.
After alloy cast, ingot casting sampling is carried out composition test, the crucible after cast is carried out residue cleaning, waits temperature in crucible to be reduced to about 300 degree, dress alloy raw material is smelted again, again to ingot casting sampling and testing composition, until crucible lost efficacy, crucible life when record lost efficacy.
Comparative example 2
Contain the slurry of yittrium oxide at alumina crucible inner-wall spraying, toast 30 hours under 1200 degree of high temperature, then crucible shove charge is used.Selecting smelting furnace is 600KG vacuum induction melting furnace, and every stove adds zircaloy 400KG.Refining temperature 1100 degree, refine is incubated 10 minutes.
The crucible technique that the present embodiment adopts is as follows:
Adopting coating process on alumina crucible basis, described coating process operates substantially according to patent CN200910079973.8, and wherein coating paste composition proportion is: multi-stage oxidizing yttrium powder: 300 grams；Dispersants ammonium polyacrylate 3 grams；Bonding agent polyvinyl alcohol 2 grams；Deionized water 100ml.Adopting rolling pulp moulding process to be prepared on alumina crucible inwall by yittrium oxide slurry, high temperature sintering temperature is 1700 degree, and the high temperature sintering time is 35 hours.
The smelting furnace wherein selected is 600KG vacuum induction melting furnace, and every stove adds zircaloy raw material 400KG, refining temperature 1100 degree, and refine is incubated 10 minutes.
After alloy cast, ingot casting sampling is carried out composition test, the crucible after cast is carried out residue cleaning, waits temperature in crucible to be reduced to about 300 degree, dress alloy raw material is smelted again, again to ingot casting sampling and testing composition, until crucible lost efficacy, crucible life when record lost efficacy.
Embodiment 3
Crucible process technique: 1, mullite crucible is preheated to 50 DEG C；2,10 weight portion Zirconium oxide powders (median particle diameter D50 is 2 microns) are added to 90 weight portion ethanol；3, it is sufficiently stirred for and rocks, form unit for uniform suspension.4, by above-mentioned suspension spray to the crucible internal walls through preheating, coating thickness is 2 ~ 5 microns；Cu-based amorphous alloys raw material (Cu is loaded after 20 minutes46Zr42Al7Y5) smelt.
Alloy smelting technique: smelting the smelting furnace selected is 600KG vacuum induction melting furnace, every stove adds alloy raw material 400KG, refining temperature 1100 DEG C, and refine is incubated 10 minutes.After refine completes, alloy is poured into a mould.
After alloy cast, ingot casting sampling is carried out composition test, crucible after cast is carried out residue cleaning, it is reduced to 300 DEG C of right sides Deng temperature in crucible, continue spraying aforementioned suspension, load alloy raw material after 20 minutes again to smelt, again to ingot casting sampling and testing composition, again spray smelting, until crucible lost efficacy, crucible life when record lost efficacy.
Embodiment 4
Crucible process technique: 1, silica crucible is preheated to 500 DEG C；2,40 weight portion Zirconium oxide powders (median particle diameter D50 is 2 microns) are added to 60 weight portion ethanol；3, it is sufficiently stirred for and rocks, form unit for uniform suspension.4, by above-mentioned suspension spray to the crucible internal walls through preheating, coating thickness is 5 ~ 10 microns；Titanium-based amorphous alloy raw material (Ti is loaded after 30 seconds34Zr11Cu37ANi18) smelt.
Alloy smelting technique: smelting the smelting furnace selected is 600KG vacuum induction melting furnace, every stove adds alloy raw material 400KG, refining temperature 1100 DEG C, and refine is incubated 10 minutes.After refine completes, alloy is poured into a mould.
After alloy cast, ingot casting sampling is carried out composition test, crucible after cast is carried out residue cleaning, it is reduced to 300 DEG C of right sides Deng temperature in crucible, continue spraying aforementioned suspension, load alloy raw material after 10 seconds again to smelt, again to ingot casting sampling and testing composition, again spray smelting, until crucible lost efficacy, crucible life when record lost efficacy.
The crucible of above example and comparative example sidewall of crucible cracking or peeling in repeatedly use procedure are all designated as inefficacy.The composition of molten alloy is designated as OK without impact, is otherwise designated as NG.Each embodiment and the composition test of comparative example institute molten alloy, cost efficiency and and crucible lost efficacy before use the result of stove number as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1
。
By upper table 1 it can be seen that adopt method provided by the invention to the composition influence of the non-crystaline amorphous metal smelted is little before and after crucible process.Directly using alumina crucible to carry out melting zirconium-base alloy ingot casting in comparative example 1, crucible life is poor；Comparative example 2 adopts the coating technology cost height of routine, and the lifting of crucible life is limited.And in embodiment 1-4, adopting method provided by the invention that crucible is processed, the method is simple, and cost is low, and efficiency is high, hence it is evident that improve crucible life.
In sum, method provided by the invention can promote non-crystaline amorphous metal and smelt the service life of crucible, improves production efficiency, reduces cost, thus providing better basis for non-crystaline amorphous metal in popularization and application.
In the description of this specification, specific features, structure, material or feature that the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means in conjunction with this embodiment or example describe are contained at least one embodiment or the example of the present invention.In this manual, the schematic representation of above-mentioned term is not necessarily referring to identical embodiment or example.And, the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can combine in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or example.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: these embodiments can being carried out multiple change, amendment, replacement and modification when without departing from principles of the invention and objective, the scope of the present invention is limited by claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (13)
1. one kind is improved the method that non-crystaline amorphous metal smelts crucible life; it is characterized in that, including: inorganic powder is added to solvent, is configured to suspension, then suspension be applied to crucible internal walls; dry in short-term at the temperature lower than 600 DEG C, form protection coating at crucible internal walls；Described inorganic powder is inorganic oxide and/or inorganic nitride.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described inorganic oxide is selected from one or more in zirconium oxide, aluminium oxide, calcium oxide and yittrium oxide, and inorganic nitride is silicon nitride/or boron nitride.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the median particle diameter D50 of described inorganic powder is 1 ~ 50 micron, it is preferred to 2 ~ 10 microns.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described solvent is selected from one or more in deionized water, ethanol, acetone.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mass ratio (1 ~ 9.5) of described inorganic powder and solvent: (9 ~ 0.5), it is preferable that (1 ~ 4): (9 ~ 6).
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness being coated with described suspension is 1 ~ 100 micron, it is preferable that 3 ~ 30 microns.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that before being additionally included in coating suspension, crucible is preheating to the step of 50 ~ 500 DEG C.
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the temperature preheated by crucible is 150 ~ 400 DEG C.
9. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that drying time is more than 10 seconds to 20 minutes, it is preferred to 1 ~ 5 minute.
10. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described crucible is any one in mullite crucible, alumina crucible, silica crucible.
11. the smelting process of a non-crystaline amorphous metal, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Crucible is processed by S1, first employing method described in any one of claim 1-10；
S2, alloy to be smelted is placed in through step S1 process crucible in, then will proceed in smelting furnace and carry out melting, melting complete after pour into a mould obtain described non-crystaline amorphous metal.
12. method according to claim 11, it is characterised in that described non-crystaline amorphous metal is zirconium-base amorphous alloy, ni-based amorphous alloy or titanium-based amorphous alloy.
13. method according to claim 11, it is characterised in that after also including casting complete, crucible is carried out the step of residue cleaning.
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| CN113337786A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-03 | 华中科技大学 | Nano zirconium oxide/amorphous alloy composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113337786B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-04-19 | 华中科技大学 | Nano zirconium oxide/amorphous alloy composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114455964A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-10 | 西安超码科技有限公司 | C/SiC composite material crucible containing alumina coating |
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