CN105778948B - Biomass dry distillation separation system and method for separating biomass by dry distillation - Google Patents
Biomass dry distillation separation system and method for separating biomass by dry distillation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105778948B CN105778948B CN201610320496.XA CN201610320496A CN105778948B CN 105778948 B CN105778948 B CN 105778948B CN 201610320496 A CN201610320496 A CN 201610320496A CN 105778948 B CN105778948 B CN 105778948B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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Abstract
The invention relates to a biomass dry distillation separation system and a method for dry distillation separation of biomass, wherein an exhaust port is arranged at the upper part of a dry distillation furnace body, the exhaust port is connected with the separation system, the separation system comprises a primary cooling separation tank connected with the exhaust port through a pipeline, the primary cooling separation tank is connected with a secondary cooling separation tank through a pipeline, the secondary cooling separation tank is connected with a gas pump through a pipeline, the gas pump is connected with a tertiary heating separation tank through a pipeline, biomass raw materials are compacted and fed, the defect that the biomass raw materials cannot be dry distilled in a traditional dry distillation furnace is overcome, the compacted raw materials sequentially enter the dry distillation furnace, dry distillation is realized to prepare carbon powder, and output harmful gases are cooled and separated to obtain tar, combustion gas and pyroligneous acid, the reutilization of wastes is realized, and the system is efficient and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biomass energy, in particular to a biomass dry distillation separation system and a method for separating biomass by dry distillation.
Background
Dry distillation is a reaction process in which solid or organic matter is decomposed by heating in the absence of air. As a result of the dry distillation, various gases, vapors and solid residues are produced. The mixture of gas and vapor is cooled and separated into gas and liquid. Dry distillation is a production process that has long been known and adopted by mankind, such as dry distillation of wood to make charcoal and simultaneously obtain wood essence, wood vinegar, etc. Biomass refers to various organisms produced by photosynthesis using the atmosphere, water, land, and the like, and all living organic substances that can grow are generally called biomass. Biomass includes all plants, microorganisms and animals that feed on plants, microorganisms and their waste products. Representative biomass materials include crops, crop wastes, wood wastes, and animal wastes. The biomass at present mainly refers to lignocellulose such as straws and trees except grains and fruits in the production process of agriculture and forestry, leftovers in the processing industry of agricultural products, wastes in agriculture and forestry, and feces and wastes of livestock and poultry in the production process of animal husbandry. The biomass has the advantages of renewability, low pollution and wide distribution.
At present, the utilization rate of biomass is extremely low, a small part of biomass is used for burning firewood and returning to the field or used as feed, the rest of biomass is efficiently utilized, a large number of processable components exist in the biomass, and the components can greatly improve the utilization rate of the biomass as fuel after physical or chemical processing, and achieve good resource saving. And the processed biomass can avoid the environmental problem caused by much smoke during combustion. The effective solution of the above problems is to dry distill biomass to prepare efficient carbon powder energy, but the dry distillation process for preparing carbon powder by using biomass as a raw material in a dry distillation furnace has some technical bottlenecks at present, biomass raw materials are generally loose and uneven in length and granularity, larger gaps exist in stacking of baiting and materials, dry distillation cannot be well realized, discharge materials after dry distillation are mostly high-temperature harmful gases, and if the discharge materials are not treated, the environmental pollution is serious, and useful components contained in the discharge materials cannot be well utilized.
Therefore, the biomass dry distillation separation system and the biomass dry distillation separation method which have the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, high working and operating efficiency, uniform blanking, full and thorough dry distillation, tight stacking, energy conservation, environmental protection, high resource utilization rate, simplicity and easiness in operation are produced, and the biomass dry distillation separation system and the biomass dry distillation separation method have wide market prospects.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the biomass destructive distillation separation system and the method for destructive distillation separation of biomass, which have the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high working and operating efficiency, uniform blanking, full and thorough destructive distillation, compact stacking, energy conservation, environmental protection, high resource utilization rate, simple method and easy operation, and are used for overcoming the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the biomass dry distillation system comprises a feeding elevator, a dry distillation furnace body connected with the feeding elevator, and a separation system connected with the dry distillation furnace body, wherein an exhaust port is formed in the upper part of the dry distillation furnace body and is connected with the separation system, the separation system comprises a first-stage cooling separation tank connected with the exhaust port through a pipeline, the first-stage cooling separation tank is connected with a second-stage cooling separation tank through a pipeline, the second-stage cooling separation tank is connected with a gas pump through a pipeline, and the gas pump is connected with a third-stage heating separation tank through a pipeline.
Inside being provided with of retort furnace body has the combustion chamber of some firearm, the combustion chamber is linked together with the feed bin of setting in the furnace body bottom, feed bin and feed opening are linked together down, the feed opening is linked together with the spiral discharging pipe, be provided with the air inlet cone between combustion chamber and feed bin down, the air intake has been seted up on the air inlet cone, the air intake is linked together with the air-supply line, be provided with the hopper at the furnace body top, it has spiral feed pipe to communicate below the hopper, be provided with the aggregate bin in the spiral feed pipe, the spiral feed pipe discharge gate top fixed mounting of aggregate bin one side has the vibration source, be provided with eccentric vibrating mass on the vibration source, eccentric vibrating mass bottom is provided with the.
The one-level cooling knockout drum lower part be provided with and support the sealed storehouse, set up the cooling pond in supporting the sealed storehouse, cooling pond top and one-level cooling knockout drum bottom are linked together, it has cooling water to fill in the cooling pond, the upper portion of one-level cooling knockout drum is provided with first support ring, first support ring is the cavity structure, top-down is provided with gas transmission pipeline on first support ring, gas transmission pipeline's top sets up the upper portion at first support ring, gas transmission pipeline's low portion sets up the upper portion at the cooling pond, the exhaust hole has been seted up to first support ring bottom, gas transmission pipeline installs in the exhaust hole, the bottom in exhaust hole is linked together with the one-level cooling knockout drum that sets up in first support ring lower part, the upper portion in exhaust hole is linked together with first support ring.
The lower part of the second-stage cooling separation tank is provided with a bottom fixing seat, an oil-gas separation plate is arranged below the inner side of the second-stage cooling separation tank, a second support ring is arranged above the inner side of the second-stage cooling separation tank and is of a cavity structure, an air inlet pipeline is arranged on the second support ring from top to bottom, the top of the air inlet pipeline is arranged on the upper portion of the second support ring, the lower portion of the air inlet pipeline is arranged on the upper portion of the oil-gas separation plate, an air outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the second support ring, the upper portion of the air outlet pipe is communicated with the second support ring.
And a third-stage heating separation tank supporting seat is arranged below the third-stage heating separation tank, and a separation tank is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the third-stage heating separation tank.
The dry distillation furnace body bottom be provided with the furnace frame, the dry distillation furnace body top is provided with furnace body upper portion supporting seat, is provided with the feeding supporting seat on the supporting seat of upper portion, the spiral feeding pipe is installed on the feeding supporting seat, is provided with the conveying pipeline that is connected with the pay-off lifting machine above the hopper.
A method for separating biomass by dry distillation of the biomass dry distillation system comprises the following steps: biomass raw materials are fed to a spiral feeding pipe through a feeding elevator, the biomass raw materials are compacted and fed to a dry distillation furnace body under the action of a material collecting bin and a refining vibrating rod which are arranged in the spiral feeding pipe, the biomass raw materials are prepared into carbon powder in the dry distillation furnace body, the temperature of the dry distillation furnace body is controlled to be 500-800 ℃, the dry distillation time is 3-6 hours, the carbon powder is output through a spiral discharging pipe, the gas subjected to dry distillation of the dry distillation furnace body is conveyed to a first-stage cooling separation tank through a smoke exhaust port, the gas is cooled to 120 ℃ in the first-stage cooling separation tank and then is output to a second-stage cooling separation tank, the gas is cooled to 60 ℃ in the second-stage cooling separation tank and then is output to a gas pump, the gas is conveyed to a third-stage heating separation tank through the gas pump, the gas is heated to 65 ℃ in the third-stage heating separation tank and is kept at the, Burning coal gas and pyroligneous acid, and storing by layering and separating.
The invention has the following positive effects: according to the invention, the biomass raw material is compacted and then fed, so that the defect that the biomass raw material cannot be subjected to dry distillation in the traditional dry distillation furnace is overcome, the compacted raw material sequentially enters the dry distillation furnace, the dry distillation is realized to prepare carbon powder, the output harmful gas is cooled and separated, the tar, the combustion gas and the wood vinegar are obtained, the reutilization of waste is realized, and the high-efficiency and environment-friendly effects are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the retort according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a spiral feeding pipe of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first-stage temperature-reducing separation tank of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-stage temperature reduction separation tank of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, a biomass dry distillation system comprises a feeding elevator 6, a dry distillation furnace body 2 connected with the feeding elevator 6, and a separation system connected with the dry distillation furnace body 2, wherein an exhaust port 21 is arranged on the upper part of the dry distillation furnace body 2, the exhaust port 21 is connected with the separation system, the separation system comprises a first-stage cooling separation tank 8 connected with the exhaust port 21 through a pipeline, the first-stage cooling separation tank 8 is connected with a second-stage cooling separation tank 16 through a pipeline, the second-stage cooling separation tank 16 is connected with a gas pump 17 through a pipeline, and the gas pump 17 is connected with a third-stage heating separation tank 18 through a pipeline.
The inside combustion chamber 12 that is provided with some firearm 30 that is provided with of retort body 2, combustion chamber 12 is linked together with the feed bin 11 that sets up in furnace body 2 bottom, feed bin 11 is linked together with feed opening 10, feed opening 10 is linked together with spiral discharging pipe 9, be provided with air inlet cone 4 between combustion chamber 12 and feed bin 11, air intake 25 has been seted up on the air inlet cone 4, air intake 25 is linked together with air-supply line 3, be provided with hopper 22 at furnace body 2 top, spiral feeding pipe 14 has been linked together below hopper 22, be provided with the aggregate storehouse 29 in the spiral feeding pipe 14, the spiral feeding pipe 14 discharge gate top fixed mounting of aggregate storehouse 29 one side has vibration source 23, be provided with eccentric vibrating mass 24 on the vibration source 23, eccentric vibrating mass 24 bottom is provided with refining vibrting spear 15. 8 lower parts of one-level cooling knockout drum be provided with support sealed storehouse 33, set up cooling pond 19 in the support sealed storehouse 33, cooling pond 19 top is linked together with 8 bottoms of one-level cooling knockout drum, it has the cooling water to fill in cooling pond 19, the upper portion of one-level cooling knockout drum 8 is provided with first supporting ring 28, first supporting ring 28 is the cavity structure, top-down is provided with gas transmission pipeline 31 on first supporting ring 28, gas transmission pipeline 31's top sets up the upper portion at first supporting ring 28, gas transmission pipeline 31's low part sets up the upper portion at cooling pond 19, exhaust hole 32 has been seted up to first supporting ring 28 bottom, gas transmission pipeline 31 installs in exhaust hole 32, the bottom of exhaust hole 32 is linked together with the one-level cooling knockout drum 8 that sets up at first supporting ring 28 lower part, the upper portion and the first supporting ring 28 of exhaust hole 32 are linked together. Second grade cooling knockout drum 16 lower part be provided with bottom fixing base 34, the inboard below of second grade cooling knockout drum 16 is provided with oil-gas separation board 20, the inboard top of second grade cooling knockout drum 16 is provided with second support ring 27, second support ring 27 is the cavity structure, top-down is provided with inlet channel 1 on second support ring 27, inlet channel 1's top sets up the upper portion at second support ring 27, inlet channel 1's low portion sets up the upper portion at oil-gas separation board 20, second support ring 27 bottom is provided with outlet duct 5, the upper portion and the second support ring 27 of outlet duct 5 are linked together, inlet channel 1's length is not less than the length of outlet duct 5. And a third-stage heating separation tank supporting seat 35 is arranged below the third-stage heating separation tank 18, and a separation tank 37 is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the third-stage heating separation tank 18. The dry distillation furnace is characterized in that a furnace frame 36 is arranged at the bottom of the dry distillation furnace body 2, a furnace body upper supporting seat 13 is arranged at the top of the dry distillation furnace body 2, a feeding supporting seat 26 is arranged on the upper supporting seat 13, a spiral feeding pipe 14 is arranged on the feeding supporting seat 26, and a feeding pipeline 7 connected with a feeding elevator 6 is arranged above the feeding hopper 22.
A method for separating biomass by dry distillation of the biomass dry distillation system comprises the following steps: biomass raw materials are fed to a spiral feeding pipe 14 through a feeding elevator 6, the biomass raw materials are compacted and fed to a dry distillation furnace body 2 under the action of a material collecting bin 29 and a material homogenizing vibrating rod 15 which are arranged inside the spiral feeding pipe 14, the biomass raw materials are prepared into carbon powder in the dry distillation furnace body 2, the temperature of the dry distillation furnace body 2 is controlled to be 500-800 ℃, the dry distillation time is 3-6 hours, the carbon powder is output through a spiral discharging pipe 9, the gas dry distilled by the dry distillation furnace body 2 is conveyed to a first-stage temperature reduction separation tank 8 through a smoke exhaust port 21, the gas is cooled to 120 ℃ in the first-stage temperature reduction separation tank 8 and then is output to a second-stage temperature reduction separation tank 16, the gas is cooled to 60 ℃ in the second-stage temperature reduction separation tank 16 and then is output to a third-stage gas pump 17 and is conveyed to a third-stage temperature rise separation tank 18 through a gas pump 17, the gas is, and the temperature is kept, and finally, the gas is separated into tar, coal gas and pyroligneous acid in a three-stage heating separation tank 18 and is stored in a layered separation mode.
According to the invention, the biomass raw material is compacted and then fed, so that the defect that the biomass raw material cannot be subjected to dry distillation in the traditional dry distillation furnace is overcome, the compacted raw material sequentially enters the dry distillation furnace, the dry distillation is realized to prepare carbon powder, the output harmful gas is cooled and separated, the tar, the combustion gas and the wood vinegar are obtained, the reutilization of waste is realized, and the high-efficiency and environment-friendly effects are realized. The biomass materials are pulverized by carbon in a dry distillation mode, and fed in a mode of tightly stacking and vibrating blanking the biomass materials, so that the defect that the traditional biomass materials cannot be subjected to dry distillation is eliminated, and the utilization rate of biomass energy is greatly improved.
Claims (1)
1. A biomass dry distillation system comprises a feeding elevator (6), a dry distillation furnace body (2) connected with the feeding elevator (6) and a separation system connected with the dry distillation furnace body (2), wherein an exhaust port (21) is formed in the upper part of the dry distillation furnace body (2), the exhaust port (21) is connected with the separation system, the separation system comprises a primary cooling separation tank (8) connected with the exhaust port (21) through a pipeline, the primary cooling separation tank (8) is connected with a secondary cooling separation tank (16) through a pipeline, the secondary cooling separation tank (16) is connected with a gas pump (17) through a pipeline, and the gas pump (17) is connected with a tertiary heating separation tank (18) through a pipeline; the dry distillation furnace body (2) is internally provided with a combustion chamber (12) with an igniter (30), the combustion chamber (12) is communicated with a lower storage bin (11) arranged at the bottom of the furnace body (2), the lower storage bin (11) is communicated with a lower feed opening (10), the lower feed opening (10) is communicated with a spiral discharge pipe (9), an air inlet cone (4) is arranged between the combustion chamber (12) and the lower storage bin (11), an air inlet (25) is arranged on the air inlet cone (4), the air inlet (25) is communicated with an air inlet pipe (3), the top of the furnace body (2) is provided with a feed hopper (22), the lower part of the feed hopper (22) is communicated with a spiral feed pipe (14), a material collecting bin (29) is arranged in the spiral feed pipe (14), a vibration source (23) is fixedly arranged above the discharge opening of the spiral feed pipe (14) at one side of the material collecting bin (29), and an eccentric vibration block (24, the bottom of the eccentric vibrating block (24) is provided with a refining vibrating rod (15); the lower part of the first-stage cooling separation tank (8) is provided with a supporting sealed bin (33), a cooling pool (19) is arranged in the supporting sealed bin (33), the top of the cooling pool (19) is communicated with the bottom of the first-stage cooling separation tank (8), cooling water is filled in the cooling pool (19), the upper part of the first-stage cooling separation tank (8) is provided with a first supporting ring (28), the first supporting ring (28) is of a cavity structure, a gas transmission pipeline (31) is arranged on the first supporting ring (28) from top to bottom, the top of the gas transmission pipeline (31) is arranged on the upper part of the first supporting ring (28), the bottom of the gas transmission pipeline (31) is arranged on the upper part of the cooling pool (19), the bottom of the first supporting ring (28) is provided with an exhaust hole (32), the gas transmission pipeline (31) is arranged in the exhaust hole (32), the bottom of the exhaust hole (32) is communicated with the first-stage cooling separation tank (8) arranged on the lower part of the first supporting ring, the upper part of the exhaust hole (32) is communicated with the first support ring (28); a bottom fixing seat (34) is arranged at the lower part of the secondary cooling separation tank (16), an oil-gas separation plate (20) is arranged below the inner side of the secondary cooling separation tank (16), a second support ring (27) is arranged above the inner side of the secondary cooling separation tank (16), the second support ring (27) is of a cavity structure, an air inlet pipeline (1) is arranged on the second support ring (27) from top to bottom, the top of the air inlet pipeline (1) is arranged at the upper part of the second support ring (27), the bottom of the air inlet pipeline (1) is arranged at the upper part of the oil-gas separation plate (20), an air outlet pipe (5) is arranged at the bottom of the second support ring (27), the upper part of the air outlet pipe (5) is communicated with the second support ring (27), and the length of the air inlet pipeline (1; a third-stage heating separation tank supporting seat (35) is arranged below the third-stage heating separation tank (18), and a separation tank (37) is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the third-stage heating separation tank (18); the dry distillation furnace body (2) bottom be provided with furnace frame (36), dry distillation furnace body (2) top be provided with furnace body upper portion supporting seat (13), be provided with on upper portion supporting seat (13) and feed supporting seat (26), spiral feeding pipe (14) are installed on feed supporting seat (26), be provided with conveying pipeline (7) that are connected with pay-off lifting machine (6) above hopper (22), its characterized in that, its dry distillation method is: the biomass raw materials are fed to a spiral feeding pipe (14) through a feeding elevator (6), the biomass raw materials are compacted and fed to a dry distillation furnace body (2) under the action of a material collecting bin (29) and a refining vibrating rod (15) which are arranged inside the spiral feeding pipe (14), the biomass raw materials are prepared into carbon powder in the dry distillation furnace body (2), the temperature of the dry distillation furnace body (2) is controlled to be 500-800 ℃, the dry distillation time is 3-6 hours, the carbon powder is output through a spiral discharging pipe (9), the gas dry distilled by the dry distillation furnace body (2) is conveyed to a first-stage cooling separation tank (8) through a smoke exhaust port (21), the gas is cooled to 120 ℃ in the first-stage cooling separation tank (8) and then is output to a second-stage cooling separation tank (16), the gas is cooled to 60 ℃ in the second-stage cooling separation tank (16) and then is output to a gas pump (17), and is conveyed to a third-stage heating separation tank (18) through a pump (, and (3) heating the gas to 65 ℃ in the three-stage heating separation tank (18), keeping the temperature, finally separating the gas into tar, fuel gas and pyroligneous acid in the three-stage heating separation tank (18), and storing the tar, the fuel gas and the pyroligneous acid in a layered separation manner.
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