CN105774796B - 控制具有超速连接构件的混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

控制具有超速连接构件的混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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CN105774796B
CN105774796B CN201610003622.9A CN201610003622A CN105774796B CN 105774796 B CN105774796 B CN 105774796B CN 201610003622 A CN201610003622 A CN 201610003622A CN 105774796 B CN105774796 B CN 105774796B
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torque
engine
vehicle
motor
clutch
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CN105774796A (zh
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伯纳德·D·内佛西
丹尼尔·斯科特·科尔文
安德鲁·郑
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • F16H3/48—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/02—Clutches
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • F16H2003/007—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths with two flow paths, one being directly connected to the input, the other being connected to the input though a clutch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
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    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种控制具有超速连接构件的混合动力车辆。混合动力车辆包括连接至行星齿轮组的发动机和配置为将马达扭矩直接提供至扭矩传输组的电动马达。超速离合器配置为当接合时使至少一部分发动机扭矩旁通至与扭矩传输组直接连接的超速轴。其允许发动机在超速运转模式中与马达一起也将扭矩直接提供至扭矩传输组。至少一个控制器配置用于基于通过超速离合器传输的扭矩的估算量控制马达和/或发动机。

Description

控制具有超速连接构件的混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于通过超速离合器传输的扭矩控制混合动力车辆中的发动机和马达中的一个或两个的控制策略。
背景技术
混合动力电动车辆包括发动机和至少一个电动马达以向车轮提供驱动扭矩。存在各种类型的混合动力车辆。例如，“并联”混合动力车辆典型地包括选择性地启用发动机和马达中的一个或两个以提供驱动扭矩的离合器。“串联”混合动力车辆典型地包括总是可驱动地连接至车轮的电动马达和非机械地连接至车轮的发动机。换言之，发动机不会提供推进车辆需要的任何扭矩。相反，在“串联”混合动力车辆中，发动机提供动力给发电机以产生存储在电池中和/或由马达使用的电能。
各种车辆可包括使扭矩能够通过超速轴传递的超速挡位选择。如果混合动力电动车辆中存在超速，当转换到和转换出超速模式时，必须特别注意以确保满足操控性。由于当进入和离开超速模式时扭矩路径改变方向，混合动力车辆中的发动机和马达的控制应快速和准确以确保平稳地转换到和转换出超速模式。
发明内容
根据一个实施例，一种车辆包括发动机和被构造为将发动机扭矩提供至扭矩传输组的行星齿轮组。马达被构造为将马达扭矩直接提供至扭矩传输组。连接构件被构造为当接合时使至少一部分发动机扭矩旁通至与扭矩传输组直接连接的超速轴。控制器被配置用于基于通过连接构件传输的估算扭矩控制发动机和马达中的至少一个。
在另一个实施例中，一种车辆包括发动机、电动马达和被构造为将发动机扭矩和马达扭矩选择性地传递至输出的第一机械联动装置。第二机械联动装置在发动机与输出之间形成固定速度关系。超速连接构件被构造为将发动机扭矩选择性地传递至第二机械联动装置。控制器被配置用于基于通过超速连接构件传输的估算扭矩控制发动机和电动马达中的至少一个。
在再一个实施例中，提供了一种控制车辆的方法。该车辆包括将发动机与机械联动装置连接的行星齿轮组和连接至机械联动装置的马达，其中机械联动装置设置为将马达扭矩和发动机扭矩传递至输出。该方法包括基于通过将发动机扭矩选择性地传递至与机械联动装置连接的超速轴的超速连接构件传输的估算扭矩控制发动机和马达中的至少一个。
根据本发明，提供一种车辆，包括：
发动机；
电动马达；
第一机械联动装置，被构造为将发动机扭矩和马达扭矩选择性地传递至输出；
超速连接构件，被构造为将发动机扭矩选择性地传递至形成所述发动机与所述输出之间的固定速度关系的第二机械联动装置；和
控制器，被配置用于基于通过所述超速连接构件传输的估算扭矩控制所述发动机和电动马达中的至少一个。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述车辆进一步包括连接至所述第一机械联动装置的行星齿轮组和连接至所述行星齿轮组并且被构造为将发动机扭矩中的至少一部分转化为待储存在电池中的电能的发电机。
根据本发明的一个实施例，通过所述超速连接构件传输的所述估算扭矩基于发电机扭矩与发动机扭矩的比。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述车辆进一步包括连接至所述第一机械联动装置的行星齿轮组，其中通过所述超速连接构件传输的所述估算扭矩进一步基于所述行星齿轮组内的预定齿轮比(gear ratio)。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述行星齿轮组包括中心齿轮、行星齿轮架和环形齿轮，并且其中所述中心齿轮连接至所述发动机的输出并且所述环形齿轮连接至所述第一机械联动装置。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述控制器进一步被配置用于基于通过所述超速连接构件传输的所述估算扭矩调节所述电动马达的输出以保持所述第一机械联动装置的期望动力输出。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述超速连接构件设在所述发动机与所述行星齿轮组之间。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述超速连接构件为被为抑制所述发电机和所述行星齿轮组的齿轮的旋转的发电机制动器。
根据本发明，提供一种控制车辆的方法，所述车辆具有将发动机与机械联动装置连接的行星齿轮组和连接至所述机械联动装置的马达，所述机械联动装置设置为将马达扭矩和发动机扭矩传递至输出，所述方法包括：
基于通过将发动机扭矩选择性地传递至与所述机械联动装置连接的超速轴的超速连接构件传输的估算扭矩控制所述发动机和马达中的至少一个。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述方法进一步包括通过所述超速连接构件在接合时提供所述发动机与所述输出之间的固定速度关系。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述方法进一步包括通过基于所述超速连接构件传输的所述估算扭矩调节所述马达的输出以保持所述机械联动装置的期望动力输出。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述车辆进一步包括连接至所述行星齿轮组的发电机，所述方法进一步包括基于发电机扭矩与发动机扭矩的比估算通过所述超速连接构件传输的所述估算扭矩。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述估算包括进一步基于所述行星齿轮组内的预定齿轮比估算通过所述超速连接构件传输的扭矩。
附图说明
图1为根据一个实施例的混合动力电动车辆的示意图。
图2为说明了根据一个实施例的混合动力电动车辆中的动力传动系统的各种部件之间的动力流动路径和扭矩流动路径的框图。
图3为根据一个实施例的超速离合器的透视图。
图4为图3的超速离合器的俯视截面图。
图5为说明了根据一个实施例的通过至少一个控制器实现以基于通过超速离合器传输的估算扭矩控制动力传动系统部件的算法的流程图。
图6为根据一个实施例的超速离合器的接合期间各种速度和扭矩的图示。
具体实施方式
本说明书中描述了本发明的具体实施例。应理解，公开的实施例仅仅为可采取各种和可替代的形式实施的本发明的示例。附图不需要按比例绘制；一些特征可被放大或缩小以显示特定部件的细节。因此，本说明书中公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被认为是限制，但仅仅认为是用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式利用这些实施例的代表性基础。如本领域技术人员将理解的，参考任一附图说明和描述的各种特征可与一幅或更多其它附图中说明的特征结合以形成未明确说明或描述的实施例。说明的特征的组合提供了用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而，可能需要与本申请的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型以用于特定应用或实施。说明书中使用的代表性实施例总体上涉及用于控制动力分流混合动力电动车辆中的扭矩和动力输出的系统和方法。然而，本申请的教导还可用于其它应用和其它混合动力车辆配置。本领域普通技术人员可认识具有其它车辆配置或技术的类似应用或实施方式。
参考图1，混合动力电动车辆(HEV)包括动力分流动力传动系统10。车辆系统控制器(VSC)和动力传动系统控制模块(PCM)12控制动力传动系统的各个方面，比如电牵引电池14。如本领域普通技术人员可理解，可存在一个或多个额外控制器以控制动力传动系统的各个方面。并且在本申请说明书中这些控制器中的任一个和全部组合被称为“控制器”或“一个或多个控制器”。
控制器12通过双向电连接控制电池14以接收或存储电能，或可替代地，将电能供应至电牵引马达16。控制器12还控制内燃发动机(ICE)18的运转。马达16和发动机18都能够向最终将扭矩传递至车辆的车轮的变速器20提供动力。
发动机18通过可选的单向离合器(未示出)将动力传递至与行星齿轮组24连接的扭矩输入轴22。输入轴22提供动力给包括环形齿轮26、中心齿轮28和行星齿轮架组件30的行星齿轮组24。在说明的实施例中，输入轴22可驱动地连接至齿轮架组件30以向行星齿轮组24提供动力，尽管在其它实施例中输入轴22可驱动中心齿轮或环形齿轮26。中心齿轮28可驱动地连接至发电机32。发电机32可选择性地接合中心齿轮28，使得发电机32可与中心齿轮28一起旋转或不与其一起旋转。发电机32与中心齿轮28之间可设有可选的发电机制动器33以提供选择性的接合。当发电机制动器33未接合并且单向离合器连接发动机18与行星齿轮组24时，发电机32作为行星齿轮组24的运转的反作用元件而产生能量。从发电机32产生的电能通过电连接36传输到电池14。电池14还以已知的方式通过再生制动来接收和储存电能。电池14将储存的电能供应到马达16以用于运转。从发动机18传递至发电机32的动力的一部分还可被直接传递至马达16。电池14、马达16和发电机32中的每个通过电连接36以双向电流动路径互连。
可以单独通过发动机18、单独通过电池14和马达16、或通过发动机18与电池14和马达16的组合来对车辆提供动力。在第一运转模式中，启动发动机18以通过行星齿轮组24传递扭矩。环形齿轮26将扭矩分配至用作扭矩传输组、包括啮合齿轮元件40、42、44和46的阶梯传动比齿轮38。齿轮42、44和46安装在副轴(countershaft)41上，并且齿轮46将扭矩分配至齿轮48。然后齿轮48将扭矩分配至扭矩输出轴50。在第一运转模式中，还可启动马达16以协助发动机18。当马达16主动进行协助时，齿轮52将扭矩分配至齿轮44和副轴。在第二运转模式或者EV模式中，停用发动机18或者以其它方式防止发动机18将扭矩分配至扭矩输出轴50。在第二运转模式中，电池14向马达16提供动力以通过阶梯传动比齿轮38分配扭矩并将扭矩分配至扭矩输出轴50。扭矩输出轴50连接至将扭矩分配至牵引车轮58的差速器和车桥机构56。在第一运转模式或第二运转模式中，控制器12控制电池14、发动机18、马达16和发电机32以将扭矩分配至车轮58。参考图2提供和描述了关于动力源和动力传动系统内的动力流动的其它细节。
为了控制动力传动系统内的各种机构，控制器12接收来自传感器(未示出)的信息，使得控制器12可监控马达16、发动机18和/或发电机32的速度ω。当然，可基于各种部件中的已知关系和/或比率确定、推断、或计算一个或多个速度。此外，可使用多种已知技术来计算、测量或以其它方式确定马达16、发电机32、环形齿轮26、中心齿轮28、齿轮架组件30和驱动轴50的对应扭矩τ。
图2说明了图1示出的动力传动系统的各种部件之间的动力流动路径的框图。在驾驶员使用发动机节气门的控制下将燃料传递至发动机18。发动机18将发动机动力(τeωe，其中τe为发动机扭矩并且ωe为发动机速度)传递至行星齿轮装置24。行星齿轮组24将动力(τrωr，其中τr为环形齿轮扭矩并且ωr为环形齿轮速度)传递至副轴41。输出轴50将动力(Pout＝τsωs，其中τs和ωs分别为输出轴38的扭矩和速度)输出至车轮58。发电机32可将动力传递至行星齿轮组24或被行星齿轮组24驱动。类似地，马达16与副轴41之间的动力分配可在任一方向上分配。来自电池14的驱动动力或至电池14的充电动力由与图1的高压总线36或电压线对应的双向箭头表示。
发动机输出动力(τeωe)可分流到机械动力流动路径(τrωr)和电力流动路径(τgωg至τmωm，其中τg为发电机扭矩，ωg为发电机速度，τm为马达扭矩，并且ωm为马达速度)。在该所谓的“正分流”运转模式中，发动机18将动力传递至行星齿轮组24，行星齿轮组24将动力(τrωr)传递至副轴41，副轴41然后驱动车轮58。一部分行星齿轮动力(τgωg)被分配至将充电动力传递至电池14的发电机32。电池14驱动马达16，马达16将动力(τmωm)分配至副轴41。
如果设有且启动发电机制动器33，可建立“并联运转”运转模式。在并联运转配置中，发动机18是启动的并且发电机32被制动。电池14向马达16提供动力，马达16与从发动机18至行星齿轮组24至副轴41的动力传递一起同步地向副轴41提供动力。在用第二动力源(描述为包括电池14、马达16、和发电机32)的运转期间，马达16从电池14提取动力且独立于发动机18向传动系提供推进。
如果发电机32由于行星齿轮组24的机械性质而用作对行星齿轮组24的动力输入以驱动车辆，可建立“负分流”运转模式。在该模式中，发动机18可运转且发电机32可用作与发动机18反向的马达以减小其速度。这使得能够在例如高车辆速度和低动力需求下调节发动机速度。
如上所述，HEV具有两个动力源以用于将驱动动力传递至车轮58。第一动力源包括发动机18并且第二动力源包括电池14。发动机18和电池14可同步或独立地提供牵引动力。控制器12控制电能和燃料能比例以满足推进需求并且由此相应地控制发动机18和电池14。
如可观察到地，行星齿轮装置24限定(impose)了发动机18、发电机32和车辆牵引车轮58之间的速度和扭矩关系。如上所述，可控制发电机32以使用作为无级变速器(CVT)的行星齿轮装置24将来自发动机18的动力传输至车辆牵引车轮58。然而，在一些工况下，使发电机32运转引发的损失超过了CVT的能量收益。
返回参考图1，还设有可控超速系统。特别地，超速轴60连接至与齿轮元件64啮合旋转的齿轮元件62。可运转超速齿轮同步器(Overdrive Gear Synchronizer，ODS)或超速离合器66以沿着输入轴22选择性地连接齿轮元件64与发动机18。离合器66的接合使变速器能够进行超速并且直接提供来自发动机18的扭矩。啮合的齿轮元件64和62具有配置为当离合器66接合时形成发动机18与输出轴50之间的超速速度和扭矩关系的固定齿轮比。其允许将扭矩从发动机18机械地供应至车轮58；当离合器66完全接合时，发动机动力不再分流至电路径。当在高速和高动力需求下运转时，接合离合器66以使车辆处于超速模式提高了总体燃料经济性。
如下文将说明的，控制器12配置为响应于各种工况选择性地指令离合器66接合或分离。当然，可利用限定发动机18与输出轴50之间的超速速度关系的其它齿轮装置。
在一个实施例中，离合器66为牙嵌式离合器、同步器、或电控液压摇臂单向离合器。下文提供了离合器66的结构的示例的其他公开内容。
参考图3和4，更详细地说明了离合器66的一个实施例。该实施例中，离合器66为电磁单向离合器110。单向离合器110包括具有凹槽114的摇臂盘112，每个凹槽114包含可枢转地铰接在各个凹槽114内的对应摇臂116。离合器110还包括凸轮盘118，凸轮盘118具有形成齿的多个切口120。当摇臂116相对于凹槽114枢转时，齿可向内抓住摇臂116的延伸部。摇臂116通过弹簧121偏置以保持在凹槽内而不突出。该配置中，摇臂116与切口120之间不存在接合，并且因此在摇臂盘112和凸轮盘118之间没有扭矩传输。图3说明了处于该分离位置的离合器110。
凸轮盘118包含可以选择性地充电以产生磁力并接合离合器110的线圈(未显示)。响应于该磁力，摇臂116抵抗弹簧121的偏置力而从凹槽114向外枢转，使得摇臂116的一部分突出超过摇臂盘112的径向向内的面。摇臂116的突出部分可接合切口120且在摇臂盘112与凸轮盘118之间在一个旋转方向上传输扭矩。图4说明了处于该接合位置的离合器110。
参考图1-4，并且如上所述，可控制超速离合器66以激活超速模式。在正常运转模式与超速模式(即，当离合器接合时)之间的转换期间，通过环形齿轮26与超速离合器66传输扭矩。这些时间期间必须特别当心以实现平稳转换和提高的操控性。能量损失也应该最小化。例如，如果超速离合器66在负分流运转模式期间接合，这种情况下发电机的损失中存在潜在的功率节约(～1kW或更多)。根据下文描述的实施例，提供了控制策略以在转换为或转换出超速模式期间控制动力传动系统10，比如马达16、发动机18和超速离合器66。
根据本申请的多个方面，提供了方法和控制系统以用于在离合器接合期间基于超速离合器传输的扭矩的估算量来控制动力传动系统以使转换为超速模式或转换出超速模式平稳。为了这样做，可在正常的动力传动系统扭矩计算中确定和实现发电机反作用比(generator reaction ratio，GRR)。GRR为发电机扭矩与发动机扭矩的比，其说明了行星齿轮组24中的齿轮：
Figure BDA0000899801160000081
其中τgen为发电机32的扭矩，τeng为发动机18的扭矩，并且ρ为中心齿轮28中的齿的数量(Ns)相比于环形齿轮26中的齿的数量(Nr)的比(Ns/Nr)。在一个示例中，中心齿轮具有34个齿(Ns＝34)并且环形齿轮具有86个齿(Nr＝86)，产生的比ρ为0.395。
利用GRR，可计算和比较扭矩值以估算超速离合器中的扭矩。例如，
Figure BDA0000899801160000082
其中τODS为通过超速离合器66传递的扭矩，N64为齿轮元件64中的齿的数量，并且N62为齿轮元件62中的齿的数量。在一个示例中，齿轮元件62具有83个齿(N62＝83)，并且齿轮元件64具有59个齿(N64＝59)。等式(2)中的关系基于发动机输出的扭矩和发电机扭矩与发动机扭矩的比(GRR)(说明了超速啮合齿轮元件62和64中的齿轮比)提供了对超速离合器66传递的扭矩的估算。
此外，超速离合器的同步期间通过环形齿轮26的扭矩可由下式表示：
Figure BDA0000899801160000083
其中τring为通过环形齿轮26传递的扭矩。通过环形齿轮26的扭矩(τring)可用在本申请中未详细描述的动力传动系统的主要控制中。
知道了通过超速离合器传输的估算扭矩(τODS)，当超速离合器在接合与分离之间转换时，可控制发动机18和马达16的输出以确保平稳地转换为或转换出超速模式。例如，至车轮的超速离合器扭矩可由下式表示：
Figure BDA0000899801160000091
其中τODS→O是说明了齿轮比
Figure BDA0000899801160000093
的、至输出轴50的超速离合器扭矩，并且N46和N48分别为将扭矩从超速离合器传输至输出轴50的齿轮46和48上的齿的数量。当然，可存在有效地改变旋转速度同时通过其传递扭矩的任意数值的齿轮比。在一个示例中，N46为23，并且N48为59，产生的齿轮比为2.565。
使用上述变量和发现，通过输出轴50传输的总扭矩可由下式表示：
Figure BDA0000899801160000092
其中τout为通过输出轴50传输的扭据，CR→O为从环形齿轮至输出的齿轮比转化(即，说明了齿轮40、42、46和48)，并且τM→O为说明了齿轮比转化(即，说明了齿轮52、44、46和48)的输出处的马达扭矩。从环形齿轮至输出的齿轮比转化CR→O当乘以发动机扭矩τeng时生成输出处的发动机扭矩。使用上述等式(5)，在超速离合器66的接合和分离期间可调节发动机18和马达16处的扭矩输出以确保总扭矩输出τout满足期望的扭矩同时抑制当接合或分离离合器66时被注意到的震动。例如，马达16的输出的调节可比发动机18的调节更快，并且因此当离合器66接合/分离时可基于发电机反作用比GRR和上述其它关系控制马达16以增加或减少其扭矩输出。其它情况，比如在电池的低荷电状态期间，可指定调节发动机输出而不是马达输出。当然，可基于上述关系控制发动机和马达输出中的一个或两个。
如下文进一步描述的，图5为表示通过控制器实现以基于通过离合器传输的估算扭矩控制发动机和马达中的至少一个的控制策略的一个示例的流程图。在200处，控制器确定超速离合器是接合还是分离。其可以以各种已知方式完成，比如通过读取来自离合器中或周围的传感器的信号输入，或确定离合器的相对侧的旋转速度差。
如果离合器至少部分接合(包括其中首先指令离合器接合并且离合器“打滑”的时间)，在202处可根据上述等式(1)确定发电机反作用比(GRR)。在204处，过滤GRR或使GRR经历比限制(rate limit)以使GRR随着时间的过去而平稳，防止扭矩读数的不期望峰值干扰发动机或马达控制的运转。然后在206处，在各个最小值和最大值处用0和1消减(clip)GRR，使得GRR不为负且不超过1。在206之后生成的GRR为0与1之间的值用于超速离合器扭矩估算。
在208处，控制器利用消减且过滤的GRR根据等式(2)估算超速离合器扭矩。在210处，估算的超速离合器扭矩可用于根据等式(4)计算输出处的估算超速离合器扭矩。之后，在212处控制器可利用扭矩控制过程以控制发动机和马达的扭矩和动力输出以保持车辆的操控性，同时满足期望的扭矩和动力，特别是在进入和离开超速模式的时间期间。例如，可调节马达扭矩(调节的量基于GRR和上述其它变量)以保持驾驶员需求。
如果在200处确定超速离合器未接合，在214处将GRR设置为1。其基本上撤销了上述任何等式中的发动机反作用比，允许发动机、马达和发电机在正常工况下运转。此外，不存在通过打开的离合器传递的扭矩，如在216和218处示出的。在220处运行主要驱动过程，其中以正常方式(即，不以超速方式)控制混合动力车辆。
图6表示在t1时被指令接合的超速离合器的接合期间各种扭矩和速度的图例。在t1之前，在负方向上增加发电机的速度，而每个动力传动系统部件的扭矩保持相对稳定。一旦在t1时指令超速离合器接合，计算的GRR减少而至车轮的超速离合器扭矩增加。由于超速离合器激活导致至车轮的环形齿轮扭矩和发动机扭矩急剧降低至零，并且由于在0Nm处发电机降低了电功率需求，指令至车轮的马达扭矩减少(指令更少的在负方向上的扭矩)。在t1时激活超速模式之后，根据增加的期望扭矩保持和稍微增加至车轮的总扭矩。
尽管上文提供了关于超速离合器传输的扭矩和动力的描述，应理解发电机制动器还可用作超速离合器。特别地，如果通过制动器33制动发电机，并且如果未设有离合器66或离合器66处于打开状态，来自发动机的动力可绕开通过发电机的电流动路径并且反而直接传输至齿轮38。与使用离合器66类似，其提供了发动机的输出与齿轮38的输出之间的固定速度关系。
本申请中公开的过程、方法或算法可传输到处理装置、控制器或计算机/由处理装置、控制器或计算机实现，处理装置、控制器或计算机可包括任何现存的可编程电子控制单元或专用电子控制单元。类似地，所述过程、方法或算法可被存储为可能以多种形式由控制器或计算机执行的数据和指令，包括但是不限于永久地存储在不可写入存储介质(比如ROM装置)上的信息、可变地存储在可写入存储介质(比如软盘、磁带、CD、RAM装置、和其它磁性介质和光学介质)上的信息。所述过程、方法或算法还可在软件可执行对象中实现。可替代地，所述过程、方法或算法可利用合适的硬件组件(比如特定用途集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、状态机、控制器或其它硬件组件或装置)或者硬件、软件和固件组件的组合而整体或部分地实现。
虽然上文描述了示例性实施例，但是并不意味着这些实施例描述了权利要求包含的所有可能的形式。说明书中使用的词语为描述性而非限定的词语，并且应理解，在不脱离本申请的精神和范围的情况下可作出各种改变。如之前描述的，可组合多个实施例的特征以形成可能没有明确描述或说明的本发明的进一步的实施例。虽然关于一个或多个期望特性，多个实施例可被描述为提供优点或优于其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式，但是本领域普通技术人员认识到，可以折中一个或多个特征或特性以实现期望的整体系统属性，这取决于具体应用和实施方式。这些属性可包括但不限于：成本、强度、耐用性、生命周期成本、市场性、外观、包装、尺寸、可维修性、重量、可制造性、装配的便利性等等。这样，关于一个或多个特性被描述为比其它实施例或现有技术实施方式更不令人期望的实施例并不在本申请的范围之外并且可能期望用于特定应用。

Claims (9)

1.一种车辆，包括：
发动机；
行星齿轮组，被构造为将发动机扭矩提供至扭矩传输组；
马达，被构造为将马达扭矩直接提供至所述扭矩传输组；
连接构件，被构造为当接合时将发动机扭矩中的至少一部分旁通至与所述扭矩传输组直接连接的超速轴；
控制器，被配置用于基于通过所述连接构件传输的估算扭矩控制所述发动机和马达中的至少一个。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述发动机包括发动机输出，并且其中所述行星齿轮组和所述连接构件连接至所述发动机输出。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，进一步包括发电机，所述发电机连接至所述行星齿轮组且被构造为将发动机扭矩中的至少一部分转化为待储存在电池中的电能。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆，其中通过所述连接构件传输的所述估算扭矩基于发电机扭矩与发动机扭矩的比。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车辆，其中通过所述连接构件传输的所述估算扭矩进一步基于所述行星齿轮组内的预定齿轮比。
6.根据权利要求4所述的车辆，其中所述行星齿轮组包括中心齿轮、行星齿轮架和环形齿轮，并且其中所述中心齿轮连接至所述发动机的输出并且所述环形齿轮连接至所述扭矩传输组。
7.根据权利要求4所述的车辆，其中所述控制器进一步被配置用于基于通过所述连接构件传输的所述估算扭矩调节所述马达的输出以保持所述扭矩传输组的期望动力输出。
8.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述连接构件为牙嵌式离合器，同步器或电控液压摇臂单向离合器。
9.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述超速轴的一端经由齿轮元件和所述连接构件选择性地连接到发动机，所述超速轴的另一端连接到所述扭矩传输组。
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