CN105772233A - Efficient garbage separator - Google Patents

Efficient garbage separator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105772233A
CN105772233A CN201610188469.1A CN201610188469A CN105772233A CN 105772233 A CN105772233 A CN 105772233A CN 201610188469 A CN201610188469 A CN 201610188469A CN 105772233 A CN105772233 A CN 105772233A
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pressure
valve
solenoid valve
exhaust solenoid
electromagnetic valve
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CN201610188469.1A
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CN105772233B (en
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时建华
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Lixin County Yangze river and Huai river Yang Tian Automobile Co., Ltd.
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时建华
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B3/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B15/00—Other accessories for centrifuges
    • B04B15/02—Other accessories for centrifuges for cooling, heating, or heat insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
    • B04B9/06—Fluid drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
    • B04B9/08—Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing ; Couplings; Brakes

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient garbage separator. The garbage separator comprises a separation turntable, a round driving block, a gravity sensor, a mechanical arm receiving hopper, a propeller and an engine system, wherein the garbage falls into the separation turntable via a feeding opening; small garbage are separated outwards and are dropped into a discharging opening under the separation turntable; large garbage is collected on the separation turntable; when the weight of the collected large garbage exceeds the set value, the gravity sensor is used for sending signals to the controller, driving the propeller to propel in a direction to the separation turntable, simultaneously controlling the mechanical arm receiving hopper to receive the large garbage pushed to be dropped by the propeller on the opposite side of the mechanical arm receiving hopper; then the mechanical arm receiving hopper is used for conveying the large garbage to a crushing device to crush the large garbage; the propeller returns back to the original position. The garbage separator is simple and practical in structure and excellent in separation effect, is capable of automatically separating the garbage by using the centrifugal force and simultaneously replacing the conventional motor with an air-powered engine to drive the separation turntable, and has the advantages of high output torque, high adjustability and no pollution.

Description

A kind of high-efficiency refuse seperator
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of garbage disposal, be specifically related to a kind of high-efficiency refuse seperator.
Background technology
Rubbish isolation technics is one important branch of field of garbage disposal, and the subsequent treatment of rubbish often relies on to separate reliably and realizes thickness separation, if rubbish is crossed slightly the operations such as dry, the chemical treatment of rubbish can be brought very big inconvenience.Wherein, utilizing the thickness that centrifugal force realizes rubbish to separate is main means.Often there is the defects such as automaticity is not high, separating effect is bad, energy consumption is higher, output torque is inadequate in existing device for separation of waste.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention provides a kind of high-efficiency refuse seperator.
The purpose of the present invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
A kind of high-efficiency refuse seperator, it is characterized in that, including separating rotating disk, transmission nahlock, gravity sensor, mechanical arm undertaking bucket, propeller and engine system, transmission nahlock and gravity sensor are fixed in the lower section separating rotating disk, propeller and mechanical arm undertaking bucket and lay respectively at the both sides separating rotating disk；Rubbish falls into separation rotating disk from feeding mouth, and small-sized rubbish outwards separates and fall into the discharging opening separated below rotating disk under the influence of centrifugal force, and bulky refuse is collected on separation rotating disk；When the weight that bulky refuse gathers exceedes setting value, gravity sensor sends signal to controller, propeller is driven to advance to separating rotating disk direction, control mechanical arm undertaking bucket is caught propeller at offside and is pushed away the bulky refuse fallen simultaneously, bulky refuse is delivered to breaker and is crushed by the bucket of mechanical arm undertaking subsequently, and propeller returns original position；Described transmission nahlock is connected with engine system by bent axle, engine system drive transmission nahlock to rotate and then drive separation rotating disk to rotate；Described engine system includes air pressure pump, compressed air cylinder, air inlet electromagnetic valve, electromotor, exhaust solenoid valve, heat-exchange system and control system, described compressed air cylinder inside division is the higher-pressure region being disposed over and the low-pressure area being arranged below, one end of higher-pressure region is connected with described air pressure pump by high pressure entry valve, the other end is connected with described air inlet electromagnetic valve by high-pressure outlet valve, one end of low-pressure area is connected with described air pressure pump by low-pressure inlet valve, the other end passes sequentially through inlet non return check valve, low tension outlet valve is connected with described air inlet electromagnetic valve, air inlet electromagnetic valve provides the compression air of high pressure or low pressure to described electromotor；Described air inlet electromagnetic valve and exhaust solenoid valve are the guide electromagnetic valve of dead electricity normally closed type；
Also include switching relief pipeline, one end of switching relief pipeline is connected with the pipeline between described high-pressure outlet valve with described low tension outlet valve, the other end is connected with the top of described low-pressure area, switching relief pipeline is provided with pressure release electromagnetic valve, when switching from high pressure toward low pressure, after high-pressure outlet valve cuts out, first the force value p1 on pipeline after detection high-pressure outlet valve, and it is compared with the pressure p 2 of low-pressure area, as p1 > p2, pressure release electromagnetic valve is opened, pressure in switching relief valve is let out rapidly to low-pressure area, when p1≤p2 being detected, close pressure release electromagnetic valve, and open air inlet electromagnetic valve；The caliber of described switching relief pipeline is the 1/4 of higher-pressure region outlet caliber；
Described electromotor includes cylinder, piston, the bent axle that is connected with piston, and bent axle includes crank, connecting rod and flywheel, and flywheel is arranged on one end of bent axle；Described exhaust solenoid valve is arranged on waste pipe road, discharge duct after exhaust solenoid valve is divided into two-way, one tunnel is directly arranged air or goes refrigeration system, and adjustment valve of separately leading up to enters thermoregulator, for the outlet hot water's temperature to thermoregulator；Described heat-exchange system includes the thermoregulator that form is pipe heat exchanger, the pre-thermal sleeve being arranged on the pipeline of the air inlet electromagnetic valve left and right sides, the heating muff that is arranged on cylinder, the heat source of thermoregulator is constantly supplied water to pre-thermal sleeve and heating muff by heat-exchanger pump, and the hot water after heating flows out through the outlet of sleeve pipe；The outer casing wall of described cylinder is additionally provided with aluminum dividing plate, aluminum dividing plate is annular, it is arranged between outer casing wall and heating muff, aluminum dividing plate is fixed on outer casing wall by multiple spaced apart circumference heat conduction fixed bodies, also being arranged at intervals with 3 on outer casing wall between adjacent two circumferential heat conduction fixed bodies and be folded to the baffle that angle is 45 °, the height of described baffle is the 2/3 of circumferentially fixed height；On aluminum dividing plate, the staggered current-sharing mouth of a river being provided with multiple circle, the inner surface of aluminum dividing plate is provided with multiple spaced apart projection, and the height of projection is 1/5 of the distance between aluminum dividing plate and outer casing wall；The upper surface of described piston is additionally provided with the plunger of multiple cone raised up, and the surface of plunger is provided with the spiral salient that multiple adjoining spiral is in opposite direction；Described piston entirety is cylindrical, its center outer surface is provided with the cannelure of a depression, cannelure is provided with multiple spaced fixing slot, fixing slot is connected with soft thing, described soft thing is through the wall contacts in the gap piston and cylinder Yu cylinder, and the distance between adjacent two described fixing slot is h；
The axle head of described bent axle is provided with Incremental Photoelectric Rotary Encoder, for the rotational angle of bent axle is converted to corresponding umber of pulse, provides the corner α numerical value of bent axle to the controller of air motor with the form of count pulse；Gas pressure in the cylinder that described controller record is detected by pressure transducer, and temperature after temperature, exhaust solenoid valve before gas temperature in the cylinder detected by temperature sensor, exhaust solenoid valve；After enabling signal is come, increment type Incremental Photoelectric Rotary Encoder detection crank angle value, when it reaches the initial charge angle [alpha] of setting0Time, open air inlet electromagnetic valve；Simultaneously constantly in real time temperature T2 after temperature T1 and exhaust solenoid valve before detection crank angle α, the pressure p of cylinder interior gas, cylinder interior gas temperature T, exhaust solenoid valve, controller is calculated as follows obtains pressure at expulsion priori value p ' according to gas equation and the crank angle relation of air:Wherein r is the length of crank, and l is the length of connecting rod, and n is polytropic coefficient, cylinder interior gas temperature when T ' is for a upper loop ends, temperature before exhaust solenoid valve when T1 ' is for a upper loop ends, λ1Being the first invariant, if being currently the first circulation, closing closed term from command of execution isothermal air inletAs pressure at expulsion priori value p ＇ >=k1 × k2 × pomTime close air inlet electromagnetic valve, wherein pomFor the specified unlatching pressure of exhaust solenoid valve,For the threshold pressure coefficient often circulated, pmaxFor often circulating the maximum working pressure of cylinder, pminFor often circulating the minimum operating pressure of cylinder, k2=0.001 × | T1 '-T2 ' |+1 is exhaust solenoid valve bite correction factor, and T1 ', T2 ' respectively go up before the exhaust solenoid valve of a circulation temperature after temperature and exhaust solenoid valve；Hereafter detection crank angle α is continued, when α reaches the air bleeding valve open angle α of setting1Time, open exhaust solenoid valve；After exhaust solenoid valve is opened, continue detection crank angle, when the initial charge angle [alpha] reaching setting0Time, air inlet electromagnetic valve is again turned on, until when crank angle α reaches exhaust valve closure angleTime, close exhaust solenoid valve, wherein α2For the threshold value being manually set,For isothermal exc. item, λ2Being the second invariant, when being in first circulation from command of execution A2=1, so far engine system completes a cycle of operation；In the period that exhaust solenoid valve is opened, exhaust solenoid valve can control to adjust the aperture of valve according to Temperature Feedback value before and after the internal cylinder temperature average of a upper circulation and air inlet electromagnetic valve to the adjustment valve of thermoregulator, thus the hot water temperature regulated in pre-thermal sleeve and heating muff；Make λ1=0.0011, λ2=0.0020, h=10mm.
Preferably, the lead that air inlet electromagnetic valve is opened isThe lead that exhaust solenoid valve is opened isThe lead that exhaust solenoid valve is closed isWherein ω is the angular velocity of bent axle, U1、U2The response time that respectively guide electromagnetic valve energising response time and power-off response time, air inlet electromagnetic valve and exhaust solenoid valve adopt is identical.
Having the beneficial effect that of this rubbish seperator is simple and practical, utilizes centrifugal force to realize being automatically separated of rubbish, good separating effect；Adopt air motor to replace traditional motor to drive separation rotating disk simultaneously, have the advantages such as output torque is big, adjustability is high, pollution-free, bulk rubbish can be overcome to drop and cause the phenomenon of over current of motor；And devise a kind of novel engine system, it can select the compression air of different pressures according to rotating speed, and in order to overcome the shortcoming easily producing " pressure vacuum phase " the process switched from high-pressure air source toward low-pressure gas source, utilize pressure release electromagnetic valve and controller to coordinate dexterously and ensure that the smooth of electromotor is exerted oneself；The supply air line of this engine system is not provided with air relief valve, it is possible to greatly reduce because reducing pressure the energy loss caused；The Quasi-isothermal expansion process of gas and pressure at expulsion are organically combined, temperature conditions according to each circulation and the priori value of pressure at expulsion determine the shut-in time of air inlet electromagnetic valve, just can reach good efficiency when not increasing additional investment only by the algorithm of amendment controller and improve effect, both ensure that the pressure at expulsion actual exhaust air pressure unlatching threshold values more than exhaust solenoid valve simultaneously, in turn ensure that will not exceed threshold values too much causes too much discharge loss, and the computing formula adopted can effectively prevent the threshold values fluctuation that air pressure fluctuation causes excessive, prevent the erroneous judgement of air inlet electromagnetic valve close moment further；According to the supply scheme without air relief valve, it is contemplated that the pressurized of cylinder increases, air leakage increases and the needs of heat exchange, has redesigned the air cylinder structure being suitable for, and this cylinder heat transfer effect is strong, and bearing capacity is higher, and gas leakage significantly reduces.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The invention will be further described to utilize accompanying drawing, but the embodiment in accompanying drawing does not constitute any limitation of the invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the premise not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to the following drawings.
Fig. 1 is the overall structure figure of a kind of high-efficiency refuse seperator；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of engine system；
Fig. 3 is the sectional view after the complete installation of cylinder；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of aluminum dividing plate；
Cylinder is expanded into the schematic diagram of deflector after plane by Fig. 5；
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of piston.
Accompanying drawing labelling: separate rotating disk-1；Transmission nahlock-2；Gravity sensor-3；Bucket-4 accepted by machinery；Propeller-5；Air pressure pump-11；Low-pressure inlet valve-12；Low tension outlet valve-13；High pressure entry valve-14；High-pressure outlet valve-15；Low-pressure area-16；Higher-pressure region-17；Pressure release electromagnetic valve-18；Pre-thermal sleeve-19；Heating muff-20；Air inlet electromagnetic valve-21；Exhaust solenoid valve-22；Regulate valve-23；Thermoregulator-24；Cylinder-25；Piston-26；Baffle-27；The current-sharing mouth of a river-28；Circumference heat conduction fixed body-29；Projection-30；Cannelure-31；Fixing slot-32；Plunger-33；Spiral salient-34；Soft thing-35；Aluminum dividing plate-36.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with the following Examples.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of high-efficiency refuse seperator as shown in Figure 1, including separating rotating disk 1, transmission nahlock 2, gravity sensor 3, mechanical arm undertaking bucket 4, propeller 5 and engine system, transmission nahlock 2 and gravity sensor 3 are fixed in the lower section separating rotating disk 1, propeller 5 and mechanical arm undertaking bucket 4 and lay respectively at the both sides separating rotating disk 1；Rubbish falls into separation rotating disk 1 from feeding mouth, and small-sized rubbish outwards separates and fall into the discharging opening separated below rotating disk 1 under the influence of centrifugal force, and bulky refuse is collected on separation rotating disk 1；When the weight that bulky refuse gathers exceedes setting value, gravity sensor 3 sends signal to controller, propeller 5 is driven to advance to separating rotating disk 1 direction, control mechanical arm undertaking bucket 1 is caught propeller 5 at offside and is pushed away the bulky refuse fallen simultaneously, bulky refuse is delivered to breaker and is crushed by the bucket of mechanical arm undertaking subsequently 4, and propeller 5 returns original position；Described transmission nahlock 2 is connected with engine system by bent axle, engine system drive transmission nahlock 2 to rotate and then drive separation rotating disk 1 to rotate.
As shown in Figure 2, described engine system includes air pressure pump 2, compressed air cylinder, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, electromotor, exhaust solenoid valve 22, heat-exchange system and control system, described compressed air cylinder inside division is the higher-pressure region 17 being disposed over and the low-pressure area 16 being arranged below, one end of higher-pressure region 17 is connected with described air pressure pump 11 by high pressure entry valve 14, the other end is connected with described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 by high-pressure outlet valve 15, one end of low-pressure area 16 is connected with described air pressure pump 11 by low-pressure inlet valve 12, the other end passes sequentially through inlet non return check valve, low tension outlet valve 13 is connected with described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 provides the compression air of high pressure or low pressure to described electromotor；Described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 are the guide electromagnetic valve of dead electricity normally closed type.The compression air of higher-pressure region 17 is for using when high engine speeds rotates, pressure limit is 15MPa～30MPa, the compression air of low-pressure area 16 is for using when low engine speed rotates, and pressure limit is 2MPa～10MPa, and concrete switching condition can set by practical situation.nullSimultaneously，Inventor it have been investigated that，When the compression air of high pressure switches to the compression air of low-pressure，Due to be air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close state switch over，Therefore the phenomenon that usually can build the pressure in the pipeline after high-pressure outlet valve 15，Cause that low tension outlet valve 12 cannot overcome the pressure in pipeline to exert oneself after opening，Air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 often has " the pressure vacuum phase " of a bit of time after opening，Cause that exerting oneself of electromotor is unsmooth，Therefore switching relief pipeline it is additionally provided with，One end of switching relief pipeline is connected with the pipeline between described high-pressure outlet valve 15 with described low tension outlet valve 13，The other end is connected with the top of described low-pressure area 16，Switching relief pipeline is provided with pressure release electromagnetic valve 18，When switching from high pressure toward low pressure，After high-pressure outlet valve 15 cuts out，First controller detects the force value p1 after high-pressure outlet valve 15 on pipeline，And it is compared with the pressure p 2 of low-pressure area 16，As p1 > p2，Pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 is opened，At this time the pressure in pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 is let out rapidly to low-pressure area 16，When p1≤p2 being detected，Close pressure release electromagnetic valve 18.Consider saving cost and pressure release effect, the caliber of described switching relief pipeline is set to higher-pressure region 17 and exports the 1/4 of caliber.
Described electromotor includes cylinder 25, piston 26, the bent axle that is connected with piston 26, and bent axle includes crank, connecting rod and flywheel, and flywheel (not shown) is arranged on one end of bent axle；Described exhaust solenoid valve 22 is arranged on waste pipe road, discharge duct after exhaust solenoid valve 22 is divided into two-way, one tunnel is directly arranged air or goes refrigeration system, adjustment valve 23 of separately leading up to enters thermoregulator 24, for outlet hot water's temperature of thermoregulator 24 is adjusted, keep the expansion process of gas as close possible to isothermal expansion process, to improve exerting oneself of electromotor.Described heat-exchange system includes the thermoregulator 24 that form is pipe heat exchanger, the pre-thermal sleeve 19 being arranged on the pipeline of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 left and right sides, the heating muff 20 that is arranged on cylinder 25, arrange pre-thermal sleeve 20 in order that preheats the compression air entering cylinder 25, and ensure before and after air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 temperature difference uniformly, reduce thermal stress.The heat source of thermoregulator 24 connects the thermal source of (such as room heater) from solar thermal collector or other convenience, constantly being supplied water to pre-thermal sleeve 19 and heating muff 20 by heat-exchanger pump (not shown), the hot water after heating flows out through the outlet of sleeve pipe.
As shown in Figure 3-4, the outer casing wall of described cylinder 25 is additionally provided with aluminum dividing plate 36, aluminum dividing plate 36 is annular, it is arranged between outer casing wall and heating muff 20, aluminum dividing plate 36 is fixed on outer casing wall by multiple spaced apart circumference heat conduction fixed bodies 29, heat conduction fixed body 29 is except fixation, what take due to this programme on the one hand is be not provided with air relief valve after compressed air cylinder, therefore admission pressure is very big, circumference heat conduction is fixed, 29 effects that can play stiffened cylinder 25 intensity, on the other hand owing to heat conduction fixed body 29 have employed Heat Conduction Material metals such as () such as aluminum bronzes, heat exchange can be strengthened.
In order to intuitively, Fig. 5 gives schematic diagram when cylinder expands into plane, outer casing wall between adjacent two circumferential heat conduction fixed bodies 29 is also arranged at intervals with 3 and is folded to the baffle 27 that angle is 45 °, height is circumferentially fixed height the 2/3 of described baffle 27, baffle 27 can effectively increase the hot water time of staying in cylinder 25 outside wall surface, improves heat transfer effect.The staggered current-sharing mouth of a river 28 being provided with multiple circle on aluminum dividing plate 36, water in sleeve pipe flows into and out from the current-sharing mouth of a river 28, the purpose one arranging aluminum dividing plate 36 is that the thermal conduction characteristic utilizing aluminum metal strengthens heat exchange, two is utilize aluminum dividing plate 36 and the current-sharing mouth of a river 28 to slow down water flow velocity and uniform flux, to further enhance heat exchange and to make cylinder uniformly heat as far as possible；The inner surface of aluminum dividing plate 36 is provided with multiple spaced apart projection 30, for to enter hot water turbulization effect to strengthen heat exchange, the height of projection 30 is also unfit to do get Tai Gao simultaneously, otherwise easily cause flow dead, if the height of contrary projection 30 is too low, turbulence effects is not good, through repeated tests, by the 1/5 of the distance that the height of projection 30 is set between aluminum dividing plate 36 and outer casing wall.
As shown in Figure 6, the upper surface of described piston 26 be additionally provided with multiple raise up cone plunger 33, the surface of plunger 33 is provided with multiple adjoining spiral spiral salient in opposite direction 34, namely previous transport screw, later reverse acting spiral..., the purpose of plunger 33 and spiral salient 34 is charge air flow to carry out rationalization with by increasing turbulent flow in cylinder and heat convection between stiffened cylinder inwall and gas in the jar；Described piston 26 is overall cylindrical, its center outer surface is provided with the cannelure 31 of a depression, cannelure 31 is provided with multiple spaced fixing slot 32, fixing slot 32 is connected with soft thing 35 (such as Cotton Gossypii, sponge etc.), described soft thing 35 is through the wall contacts in the gap piston 26 and cylinder 25 Yu cylinder 25, and the distance between adjacent two described fixing slot 32 is h.Inventor it have been investigated that, when adopting the air supply system without air relief valve, due to the increase of cylinder air pressure, the gap air leak between cylinder 25 and piston 26 can be bigger than the system air leakage of band air relief valve, therefore specific design must be adopted to reduce gap air leak, to improve the efficiency of electromotor.Adopt Cotton Gossypii, sponge etc. to have a better bubble-tight soft thing 35, and adopt less interval to arrange, can gas leakage between effectively less cylinder and piston；Experiments show that simultaneously, owing to supply gas pressure is higher, frictional force between soft thing 35 and cylinder 25 is almost negligible relative to the kinetic energy of piston 26, and interval arrange and the soft thing 35 of discontinuous layout also effectively reduces friction, thus improve the efficiency of electromotor.
The axle head of described bent axle is provided with Incremental Photoelectric Rotary Encoder (not shown), and it, for the rotational angle of bent axle is converted to corresponding umber of pulse, provides the corner α numerical value of bent axle with the form of count pulse to the controller of air motor；The force value of the gas pressure in the cylinder 25 that described controller record is detected by pressure transducer etc., and the temperature value of temperature etc. after temperature, exhaust solenoid valve 22 before gas temperature in the cylinder 25 detected by temperature sensor, exhaust solenoid valve 22.
After enabling signal is come, increment type Incremental Photoelectric Rotary Encoder detection crank angle value α, when it reaches the initial charge angle [alpha] of setting0Time, open air inlet electromagnetic valve 21；Simultaneously constantly in real time temperature T2 after temperature T1 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 before gas temperature T, exhaust solenoid valve 22 in the pressure p of gas, cylinder 25 in detection crank angle α, cylinder 25, controller is calculated as follows obtains pressure at expulsion priori value p ＇ according to gas equation and the crank angle relation of air: Wherein r is the length of crank, and l is the length of connecting rod, and n is polytropic coefficient, gas temperature in the cylinder 25 when T ' is for a upper loop ends, temperature before the exhaust solenoid valve 22 when T1 ' is for a upper loop ends, λ1Being the first invariant, if being currently the first circulation, closing closed term from command of execution isothermal air inlet If a upper circulation and the temperature difference measured in real time increase, illustrate that temperature reduction amount increases, then now A1 also increases, and closes closed term by isothermal air inletImproving calculated pressure at expulsion priori value, the shut-in time of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 in advance, plays and prevents too fast expansion, reduces the temperature difference so that overall process is more nearly isothermal expansion process and then improves the effect that electromotor is exerted oneself.As pressure at expulsion priori value p ' >=k1 × k2 × pomTime close air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, wherein pomFor the specified unlatching pressure of exhaust solenoid valve 22,For the threshold pressure coefficient often circulated, pmaxFor often circulating the maximum working pressure of cylinder 25, pminFor often circulating the minimum operating pressure of cylinder 25, can be seen that from the expression formula of k1 the close moment of the air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 drawn according to the method both ensure that the actual exhaust air pressure unlatching threshold values more than exhaust solenoid valve 22, in turn ensure that will not exceed threshold values too much causes too much discharge loss, and can effectively prevent the threshold values fluctuation that air pressure fluctuation causes excessive, prevent the erroneous judgement of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close moment further；K2=0.001 × | T1 '-T2 ' |+1 is exhaust solenoid valve 22 bite correction factor, T1 ', T2 ' respectively goes up before the exhaust solenoid valve 22 of a circulation temperature after temperature and exhaust solenoid valve 22, owing to exhaust solenoid valve 2 is in the end of expansion process, it is easy to the phenomenon occurring low temperature frosting to cause bite, | T1 '-T2 ' | shows that more greatly in a upper circulation, the front and back temperature difference of exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more big, exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more susceptible to frosting and causes bite, now in this circulation, k2 is automatically increased to improve the admission pressure threshold values of cylinder 25, thus increasing the inlet pressure of exhaust solenoid valve 22 to ensure that it is opened smoothly, when circulating for first from command of execution k2=1.Hereafter detection crank angle α is continued, when α reaches the air bleeding valve open angle α of setting1Time, open exhaust solenoid valve 22；After exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened, continue detection crank angle, when the initial charge angle [alpha] reaching setting0Time, air inlet electromagnetic valve 22 is again turned on, until when crank angle α reaches exhaust valve closure angle Time, close exhaust solenoid valve 22, α2For the threshold value being manually set, λ2It is the second invariant, by isothermal exc. itemPlaying the effect closing exhaust solenoid valve 22 in advance, it is assumed herein that corner α constantly increases, often turning over a circle increases by 360 °, by the expression formula of A2 its value known always less than 1, works as the temperature differenceDuring increase, A2 reduces, then the closedown condition value of exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more low, so that crank angle α can faster arrive closedown condition value, when being in first circulation from command of execution A2=1, so far engine system completes a cycle of operation；In the period that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened, the regulating valve 23 and can control to adjust the aperture of valve 23 according to Temperature Feedback value before and after temperature average and air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 in the cylinder 25 of a upper circulation of thermoregulator 24, thus the hot water temperature regulated in pre-thermal sleeve 19 and heating muff 20.Make λ1=0.0011, λ2=0.0020, h=10mm.
Preferably, because electromagnetic valve to off or needs the response time from breaking to leading to, so for the break-make moment controlling electromagnetic valve more accurately, need on the basis of ideal position, set certain lead, and this lead can not be definite value, namely it not only should be relevant with the intrinsic response time of electromagnetic valve, also should be relevant with the concrete angular velocity omega of bent axle (being obtained by corner α), experiment proves that such variable lead can be effectively improved the levels of precision of electromagnetic valve lead, thus improving the efficiency of engine system further.Because intake and exhaust electromagnetic valve used is dead electricity normally closed solenoid valve, so energising is opened after postponing, close after power-off delay.Set: the pulse generation of the rotational angle rotary encoder of bent axle is measured several times, and 0-1023 pulse number scope is corresponding with 0-360 °.The ideal position that air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 is opened is 0 (0 °), and the ideal position of closedown is that pressure at expulsion priori value opens, with exhaust solenoid valve 22, the position that pressure is equal；The ideal position that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened is 512 (180 °), and the ideal position of closedown is 0 (0 °).Then the power on/off position of intake and exhaust electromagnetic valve should shift to an earlier date to some extent than desired action position, and amount in advance various can be calculated by following by the rotating speed of the energising of electromagnetic valve, power-off response time and bent axle: the lead that air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 is opened isThe lead that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened isThe lead that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is closed isWherein ω is the angular velocity of bent axle, U1、U2The response time that respectively guide electromagnetic valve energising response time and power-off response time, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 adopt is identical, unit: ms.
In the rubbish seperator of this embodiment, simple and practical, utilize centrifugal force to realize being automatically separated of rubbish, good separating effect；Adopt air motor to replace traditional motor to drive separation rotating disk simultaneously, have the advantages such as output torque is big, adjustability is high, pollution-free, bulk rubbish can be overcome to drop and cause the phenomenon of over current of motor；And devise a kind of novel engine system, it can select the compression air of different pressures according to rotating speed, and in order to overcome the shortcoming easily producing " pressure vacuum phase " the process switched from high-pressure air source toward low-pressure gas source, utilize pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 and controller to coordinate dexterously and ensure that the smooth of electromotor is exerted oneself；The supply air line of this engine system is not provided with air relief valve, it is possible to greatly reduce because reducing pressure the energy loss caused；The Quasi-isothermal expansion process of gas and pressure at expulsion are organically combined, temperature conditions according to each circulation and the priori value of pressure at expulsion determine the shut-in time of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, just can reach good efficiency when not increasing additional investment only by the algorithm of amendment controller and improve effect, both ensure that the pressure at expulsion actual exhaust air pressure unlatching threshold values more than exhaust solenoid valve 22 simultaneously, in turn ensure that will not exceed threshold values too much causes too much discharge loss, and the computing formula adopted can effectively prevent the threshold values fluctuation that air pressure fluctuation causes excessive, prevent the erroneous judgement of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close moment further；According to the supply scheme without air relief valve, it is contemplated that the pressurized of cylinder 25 increases, air leakage increases and the needs of heat exchange, has redesigned the air cylinder structure being suitable for, and this cylinder heat transfer effect is strong, and bearing capacity is higher, and gas leakage significantly reduces, and makes λ1=0.0011, λ2=0.0020, h=10mm, experiments show that the more not engineered premise height of its whole efficiency 5%, air leakage decreases 7%, achieves beyond thought effect.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of high-efficiency refuse seperator as shown in Figure 1, including separating rotating disk 1, transmission nahlock 2, gravity sensor 3, mechanical arm undertaking bucket 4, propeller 5 and engine system, transmission nahlock 2 and gravity sensor 3 are fixed in the lower section separating rotating disk 1, propeller 5 and mechanical arm undertaking bucket 4 and lay respectively at the both sides separating rotating disk 1；Rubbish falls into separation rotating disk 1 from feeding mouth, and small-sized rubbish outwards separates and fall into the discharging opening separated below rotating disk 1 under the influence of centrifugal force, and bulky refuse is collected on separation rotating disk 1；When the weight that bulky refuse gathers exceedes setting value, gravity sensor 3 sends signal to controller, propeller 5 is driven to advance to separating rotating disk 1 direction, control mechanical arm undertaking bucket 1 is caught propeller 5 at offside and is pushed away the bulky refuse fallen simultaneously, bulky refuse is delivered to breaker and is crushed by the bucket of mechanical arm undertaking subsequently 4, and propeller 5 returns original position；Described transmission nahlock 2 is connected with engine system by bent axle, engine system drive transmission nahlock 2 to rotate and then drive separation rotating disk 1 to rotate.
As shown in Figure 2, described engine system includes air pressure pump 2, compressed air cylinder, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, electromotor, exhaust solenoid valve 22, heat-exchange system and control system, described compressed air cylinder inside division is the higher-pressure region 17 being disposed over and the low-pressure area 16 being arranged below, one end of higher-pressure region 17 is connected with described air pressure pump 11 by high pressure entry valve 14, the other end is connected with described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 by high-pressure outlet valve 15, one end of low-pressure area 16 is connected with described air pressure pump 11 by low-pressure inlet valve 12, the other end passes sequentially through inlet non return check valve, low tension outlet valve 13 is connected with described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 provides the compression air of high pressure or low pressure to described electromotor；Described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 are the guide electromagnetic valve of dead electricity normally closed type.The compression air of higher-pressure region 17 is for using when high engine speeds rotates, pressure limit is 15MPa～30MPa, the compression air of low-pressure area 16 is for using when low engine speed rotates, and pressure limit is 2MPa～10MPa, and concrete switching condition can set by practical situation.nullSimultaneously，Inventor it have been investigated that，When the compression air of high pressure switches to the compression air of low-pressure，Due to be air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close state switch over，Therefore the phenomenon that usually can build the pressure in the pipeline after high-pressure outlet valve 15，Cause that low tension outlet valve 12 cannot overcome the pressure in pipeline to exert oneself after opening，Air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 often has " the pressure vacuum phase " of a bit of time after opening，Cause that exerting oneself of electromotor is unsmooth，Therefore switching relief pipeline it is additionally provided with，One end of switching relief pipeline is connected with the pipeline between described high-pressure outlet valve 15 with described low tension outlet valve 13，The other end is connected with the top of described low-pressure area 16，Switching relief pipeline is provided with pressure release electromagnetic valve 18，When switching from high pressure toward low pressure，After high-pressure outlet valve 15 cuts out，First controller detects the force value p1 after high-pressure outlet valve 15 on pipeline，And it is compared with the pressure p 2 of low-pressure area 16，As p1 > p2，Pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 is opened，At this time the pressure in pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 is let out rapidly to low-pressure area 16，When p1≤p2 being detected，Close pressure release electromagnetic valve 18.Consider saving cost and pressure release effect, the caliber of described switching relief pipeline is set to higher-pressure region 17 and exports the 1/4 of caliber.
Described electromotor includes cylinder 25, piston 26, the bent axle that is connected with piston 26, and bent axle includes crank, connecting rod and flywheel, and flywheel (not shown) is arranged on one end of bent axle；Described exhaust solenoid valve 22 is arranged on waste pipe road, discharge duct after exhaust solenoid valve 22 is divided into two-way, one tunnel is directly arranged air or goes refrigeration system, adjustment valve 23 of separately leading up to enters thermoregulator 24, for outlet hot water's temperature of thermoregulator 24 is adjusted, keep the expansion process of gas as close possible to isothermal expansion process, to improve exerting oneself of electromotor.Described heat-exchange system includes the thermoregulator 24 that form is pipe heat exchanger, the pre-thermal sleeve 19 being arranged on the pipeline of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 left and right sides, the heating muff 20 that is arranged on cylinder 25, arrange pre-thermal sleeve 20 in order that preheats the compression air entering cylinder 25, and ensure before and after air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 temperature difference uniformly, reduce thermal stress.The heat source of thermoregulator 24 connects the thermal source of (such as room heater) from solar thermal collector or other convenience, constantly being supplied water to pre-thermal sleeve 19 and heating muff 20 by heat-exchanger pump (not shown), the hot water after heating flows out through the outlet of sleeve pipe.
As shown in Figure 3-4, the outer casing wall of described cylinder 25 is additionally provided with aluminum dividing plate 36, aluminum dividing plate 36 is annular, it is arranged between outer casing wall and heating muff 20, aluminum dividing plate 36 is fixed on outer casing wall by multiple spaced apart circumference heat conduction fixed bodies 29, heat conduction fixed body 29 is except fixation, what take due to this programme on the one hand is be not provided with air relief valve after compressed air cylinder, therefore admission pressure is very big, circumference heat conduction is fixed, 29 effects that can play stiffened cylinder 25 intensity, on the other hand owing to heat conduction fixed body 29 have employed Heat Conduction Material metals such as () such as aluminum bronzes, heat exchange can be strengthened.
In order to intuitively, Fig. 5 gives schematic diagram when cylinder expands into plane, outer casing wall between adjacent two circumferential heat conduction fixed bodies 29 is also arranged at intervals with 3 and is folded to the baffle 27 that angle is 45 °, height is circumferentially fixed height the 2/3 of described baffle 27, baffle 27 can effectively increase the hot water time of staying in cylinder 25 outside wall surface, improves heat transfer effect.The staggered current-sharing mouth of a river 28 being provided with multiple circle on aluminum dividing plate 36, water in sleeve pipe flows into and out from the current-sharing mouth of a river 28, the purpose one arranging aluminum dividing plate 36 is that the thermal conduction characteristic utilizing aluminum metal strengthens heat exchange, two is utilize aluminum dividing plate 36 and the current-sharing mouth of a river 28 to slow down water flow velocity and uniform flux, to further enhance heat exchange and to make cylinder uniformly heat as far as possible；The inner surface of aluminum dividing plate 36 is provided with multiple spaced apart projection 30, for to enter hot water turbulization effect to strengthen heat exchange, the height of projection 30 is also unfit to do get Tai Gao simultaneously, otherwise easily cause flow dead, if the height of contrary projection 30 is too low, turbulence effects is not good, through repeated tests, by the 1/5 of the distance that the height of projection 30 is set between aluminum dividing plate 36 and outer casing wall.
As shown in Figure 6, the upper surface of described piston 26 be additionally provided with multiple raise up cone plunger 33, the surface of plunger 33 is provided with multiple adjoining spiral spiral salient in opposite direction 34, namely previous transport screw, later reverse acting spiral..., the purpose of plunger 33 and spiral salient 34 is charge air flow to carry out rationalization with by increasing turbulent flow in cylinder and heat convection between stiffened cylinder inwall and gas in the jar；Described piston 26 is overall cylindrical, its center outer surface is provided with the cannelure 31 of a depression, cannelure 31 is provided with multiple spaced fixing slot 32, fixing slot 32 is connected with soft thing 35 (such as Cotton Gossypii, sponge etc.), described soft thing 35 is through the wall contacts in the gap piston 26 and cylinder 25 Yu cylinder 25, and the distance between adjacent two described fixing slot 32 is h.Inventor it have been investigated that, when adopting the air supply system without air relief valve, due to the increase of cylinder air pressure, the gap air leak between cylinder 25 and piston 26 can be bigger than the system air leakage of band air relief valve, therefore specific design must be adopted to reduce gap air leak, to improve the efficiency of electromotor.Adopt Cotton Gossypii, sponge etc. to have a better bubble-tight soft thing 35, and adopt less interval to arrange, can gas leakage between effectively less cylinder and piston；Experiments show that simultaneously, owing to supply gas pressure is higher, frictional force between soft thing 35 and cylinder 25 is almost negligible relative to the kinetic energy of piston 26, and interval arrange and the soft thing 35 of discontinuous layout also effectively reduces friction, thus improve the efficiency of electromotor.
The axle head of described bent axle is provided with Incremental Photoelectric Rotary Encoder (not shown), and it, for the rotational angle of bent axle is converted to corresponding umber of pulse, provides the corner α numerical value of bent axle with the form of count pulse to the controller of air motor；The force value of the gas pressure in the cylinder 25 that described controller record is detected by pressure transducer etc., and the temperature value of temperature etc. after temperature, exhaust solenoid valve 22 before gas temperature in the cylinder 25 detected by temperature sensor, exhaust solenoid valve 22.
After enabling signal is come, increment type Incremental Photoelectric Rotary Encoder detection crank angle value α, when it reaches the initial charge angle [alpha] of setting0Time, open air inlet electromagnetic valve 21；Simultaneously constantly in real time temperature T2 after temperature T1 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 before gas temperature T, exhaust solenoid valve 22 in the pressure p of gas, cylinder 25 in detection crank angle α, cylinder 25, controller is calculated as follows obtains pressure at expulsion priori value p ＇ according to gas equation and the crank angle relation of air: Wherein r is the length of crank, and l is the length of connecting rod, and n is polytropic coefficient, gas temperature in the cylinder 25 when T ' is for a upper loop ends, temperature before the exhaust solenoid valve 22 when T1 ' is for a upper loop ends, λ1Being the first invariant, if being currently the first circulation, closing closed term from command of execution isothermal air inlet If a upper circulation and the temperature difference measured in real time increase, illustrate that temperature reduction amount increases, then now A1 also increases, and closes closed term by isothermal air inletImproving calculated pressure at expulsion priori value, the shut-in time of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 in advance, plays and prevents too fast expansion, reduces the temperature difference so that overall process is more nearly isothermal expansion process and then improves the effect that electromotor is exerted oneself.As pressure at expulsion priori value p ＇ >=k1 × k2 × pomTime close air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, wherein pomFor the specified unlatching pressure of exhaust solenoid valve 22,For the threshold pressure coefficient often circulated, pmaxFor often circulating the maximum working pressure of cylinder 25, pminFor often circulating the minimum operating pressure of cylinder 25, can be seen that from the expression formula of k1 the close moment of the air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 drawn according to the method both ensure that the actual exhaust air pressure unlatching threshold values more than exhaust solenoid valve 22, in turn ensure that will not exceed threshold values too much causes too much discharge loss, and can effectively prevent the threshold values fluctuation that air pressure fluctuation causes excessive, prevent the erroneous judgement of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close moment further；K2=0.001 × | T1 '-T2 ' |+1 is exhaust solenoid valve 22 bite correction factor, T1 ', T2 ' respectively goes up before the exhaust solenoid valve 22 of a circulation temperature after temperature and exhaust solenoid valve 22, owing to exhaust solenoid valve 2 is in the end of expansion process, it is easy to the phenomenon occurring low temperature frosting to cause bite, | T1 '-T2 ' | shows that more greatly in a upper circulation, the front and back temperature difference of exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more big, exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more susceptible to frosting and causes bite, now in this circulation, k2 is automatically increased to improve the admission pressure threshold values of cylinder 25, thus increasing the inlet pressure of exhaust solenoid valve 22 to ensure that it is opened smoothly, when circulating for first from command of execution k2=1.Hereafter detection crank angle α is continued, when α reaches the air bleeding valve open angle α of setting1Time, open exhaust solenoid valve 22；After exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened, continue detection crank angle, when the initial charge angle [alpha] reaching setting0Time, air inlet electromagnetic valve 22 is again turned on, until when crank angle α reaches exhaust valve closure angle Time, close exhaust solenoid valve 22, α2For the threshold value being manually set, λ2It is the second invariant, by isothermal exc. itemPlaying the effect closing exhaust solenoid valve 22 in advance, it is assumed herein that corner α constantly increases, often turning over a circle increases by 360 °, by the expression formula of A2 its value known always less than 1, works as the temperature differenceDuring increase, A2 reduces, then the closedown condition value of exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more low, so that crank angle α can faster arrive closedown condition value, when being in first circulation from command of execution A2=1, so far engine system completes a cycle of operation；In the period that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened, the regulating valve 23 and can control to adjust the aperture of valve 23 according to Temperature Feedback value before and after temperature average and air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 in the cylinder 25 of a upper circulation of thermoregulator 24, thus the hot water temperature regulated in pre-thermal sleeve 19 and heating muff 20.Make λ1=0.0013, λ2=0.0022, h=9mm.
Preferably, because electromagnetic valve to off or needs the response time from breaking to leading to, so for the break-make moment controlling electromagnetic valve more accurately, need on the basis of ideal position, set certain lead, and this lead can not be definite value, namely it not only should be relevant with the intrinsic response time of electromagnetic valve, also should be relevant with the concrete angular velocity omega of bent axle (being obtained by corner α), experiment proves that such variable lead can be effectively improved the levels of precision of electromagnetic valve lead, thus improving the efficiency of engine system further.Because intake and exhaust electromagnetic valve used is dead electricity normally closed solenoid valve, so energising is opened after postponing, close after power-off delay.Set: the pulse generation of the rotational angle rotary encoder of bent axle is measured several times, and 0-1023 pulse number scope is corresponding with 0-360 °.The ideal position that air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 is opened is 0 (0 °), and the ideal position of closedown is that pressure at expulsion priori value opens, with exhaust solenoid valve 22, the position that pressure is equal；The ideal position that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened is 512 (180 °), and the ideal position of closedown is 0 (0 °).Then the power on/off position of intake and exhaust electromagnetic valve should shift to an earlier date to some extent than desired action position, and amount in advance various can be calculated by following by the rotating speed of the energising of electromagnetic valve, power-off response time and bent axle: the lead that air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 is opened isThe lead that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened isThe lead that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is closed isWherein ω is the angular velocity of bent axle, U1、U2The response time that respectively guide electromagnetic valve energising response time and power-off response time, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 adopt is identical, unit: ms.
In the rubbish seperator of this embodiment, simple and practical, utilize centrifugal force to realize being automatically separated of rubbish, good separating effect；Adopt air motor to replace traditional motor to drive separation rotating disk simultaneously, have the advantages such as output torque is big, adjustability is high, pollution-free, bulk rubbish can be overcome to drop and cause the phenomenon of over current of motor；And devise a kind of novel engine system, it can select the compression air of different pressures according to rotating speed, and in order to overcome the shortcoming easily producing " pressure vacuum phase " the process switched from high-pressure air source toward low-pressure gas source, utilize pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 and controller to coordinate dexterously and ensure that the smooth of electromotor is exerted oneself；The supply air line of this engine system is not provided with air relief valve, it is possible to greatly reduce because reducing pressure the energy loss caused；The Quasi-isothermal expansion process of gas and pressure at expulsion are organically combined, temperature conditions according to each circulation and the priori value of pressure at expulsion determine the shut-in time of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, just can reach good efficiency when not increasing additional investment only by the algorithm of amendment controller and improve effect, both ensure that the pressure at expulsion actual exhaust air pressure unlatching threshold values more than exhaust solenoid valve 22 simultaneously, in turn ensure that will not exceed threshold values too much causes too much discharge loss, and the computing formula adopted can effectively prevent the threshold values fluctuation that air pressure fluctuation causes excessive, prevent the erroneous judgement of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close moment further；According to the supply scheme without air relief valve, it is contemplated that the pressurized of cylinder 25 increases, air leakage increases and the needs of heat exchange, has redesigned the air cylinder structure being suitable for, and this cylinder heat transfer effect is strong, and bearing capacity is higher, and gas leakage significantly reduces, and makes λ1=0.0013, λ2=0.0022, h=9mm, experiments show that the more not engineered premise height of its whole efficiency 5.8%, air leakage decreases 8.1%, achieves beyond thought effect.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of high-efficiency refuse seperator as shown in Figure 1, including separating rotating disk 1, transmission nahlock 2, gravity sensor 3, mechanical arm undertaking bucket 4, propeller 5 and engine system, transmission nahlock 2 and gravity sensor 3 are fixed in the lower section separating rotating disk 1, propeller 5 and mechanical arm undertaking bucket 4 and lay respectively at the both sides separating rotating disk 1；Rubbish falls into separation rotating disk 1 from feeding mouth, and small-sized rubbish outwards separates and fall into the discharging opening separated below rotating disk 1 under the influence of centrifugal force, and bulky refuse is collected on separation rotating disk 1；When the weight that bulky refuse gathers exceedes setting value, gravity sensor 3 sends signal to controller, propeller 5 is driven to advance to separating rotating disk 1 direction, control mechanical arm undertaking bucket 1 is caught propeller 5 at offside and is pushed away the bulky refuse fallen simultaneously, bulky refuse is delivered to breaker and is crushed by the bucket of mechanical arm undertaking subsequently 4, and propeller 5 returns original position；Described transmission nahlock 2 is connected with engine system by bent axle, engine system drive transmission nahlock 2 to rotate and then drive separation rotating disk 1 to rotate.
As shown in Figure 2, described engine system includes air pressure pump 2, compressed air cylinder, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, electromotor, exhaust solenoid valve 22, heat-exchange system and control system, described compressed air cylinder inside division is the higher-pressure region 17 being disposed over and the low-pressure area 16 being arranged below, one end of higher-pressure region 17 is connected with described air pressure pump 11 by high pressure entry valve 14, the other end is connected with described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 by high-pressure outlet valve 15, one end of low-pressure area 16 is connected with described air pressure pump 11 by low-pressure inlet valve 12, the other end passes sequentially through inlet non return check valve, low tension outlet valve 13 is connected with described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 provides the compression air of high pressure or low pressure to described electromotor；Described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 are the guide electromagnetic valve of dead electricity normally closed type.The compression air of higher-pressure region 17 is for using when high engine speeds rotates, pressure limit is 15MPa～30MPa, the compression air of low-pressure area 16 is for using when low engine speed rotates, and pressure limit is 2MPa～10MPa, and concrete switching condition can set by practical situation.nullSimultaneously，Inventor it have been investigated that，When the compression air of high pressure switches to the compression air of low-pressure，Due to be air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close state switch over，Therefore the phenomenon that usually can build the pressure in the pipeline after high-pressure outlet valve 15，Cause that low tension outlet valve 12 cannot overcome the pressure in pipeline to exert oneself after opening，Air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 often has " the pressure vacuum phase " of a bit of time after opening，Cause that exerting oneself of electromotor is unsmooth，Therefore switching relief pipeline it is additionally provided with，One end of switching relief pipeline is connected with the pipeline between described high-pressure outlet valve 15 with described low tension outlet valve 13，The other end is connected with the top of described low-pressure area 16，Switching relief pipeline is provided with pressure release electromagnetic valve 18，When switching from high pressure toward low pressure，After high-pressure outlet valve 15 cuts out，First controller detects the force value p1 after high-pressure outlet valve 15 on pipeline，And it is compared with the pressure p 2 of low-pressure area 16，As p1 > p2，Pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 is opened，At this time the pressure in pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 is let out rapidly to low-pressure area 16，When p1≤p2 being detected，Close pressure release electromagnetic valve 18.Consider saving cost and pressure release effect, the caliber of described switching relief pipeline is set to higher-pressure region 17 and exports the 1/4 of caliber.
Described electromotor includes cylinder 25, piston 26, the bent axle that is connected with piston 26, and bent axle includes crank, connecting rod and flywheel, and flywheel (not shown) is arranged on one end of bent axle；Described exhaust solenoid valve 22 is arranged on waste pipe road, discharge duct after exhaust solenoid valve 22 is divided into two-way, one tunnel is directly arranged air or goes refrigeration system, adjustment valve 23 of separately leading up to enters thermoregulator 24, for outlet hot water's temperature of thermoregulator 24 is adjusted, keep the expansion process of gas as close possible to isothermal expansion process, to improve exerting oneself of electromotor.Described heat-exchange system includes the thermoregulator 24 that form is pipe heat exchanger, the pre-thermal sleeve 19 being arranged on the pipeline of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 left and right sides, the heating muff 20 that is arranged on cylinder 25, arrange pre-thermal sleeve 20 in order that preheats the compression air entering cylinder 25, and ensure before and after air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 temperature difference uniformly, reduce thermal stress.The heat source of thermoregulator 24 connects the thermal source of (such as room heater) from solar thermal collector or other convenience, constantly being supplied water to pre-thermal sleeve 19 and heating muff 20 by heat-exchanger pump (not shown), the hot water after heating flows out through the outlet of sleeve pipe.
As shown in Figure 3-4, the outer casing wall of described cylinder 25 is additionally provided with aluminum dividing plate 36, aluminum dividing plate 36 is annular, it is arranged between outer casing wall and heating muff 20, aluminum dividing plate 36 is fixed on outer casing wall by multiple spaced apart circumference heat conduction fixed bodies 29, heat conduction fixed body 29 is except fixation, what take due to this programme on the one hand is be not provided with air relief valve after compressed air cylinder, therefore admission pressure is very big, circumference heat conduction is fixed, 29 effects that can play stiffened cylinder 25 intensity, on the other hand owing to heat conduction fixed body 29 have employed Heat Conduction Material metals such as () such as aluminum bronzes, heat exchange can be strengthened.
In order to intuitively, Fig. 5 gives schematic diagram when cylinder expands into plane, outer casing wall between adjacent two circumferential heat conduction fixed bodies 29 is also arranged at intervals with 3 and is folded to the baffle 27 that angle is 45 °, height is circumferentially fixed height the 2/3 of described baffle 27, baffle 27 can effectively increase the hot water time of staying in cylinder 25 outside wall surface, improves heat transfer effect.The staggered current-sharing mouth of a river 28 being provided with multiple circle on aluminum dividing plate 36, water in sleeve pipe flows into and out from the current-sharing mouth of a river 28, the purpose one arranging aluminum dividing plate 36 is that the thermal conduction characteristic utilizing aluminum metal strengthens heat exchange, two is utilize aluminum dividing plate 36 and the current-sharing mouth of a river 28 to slow down water flow velocity and uniform flux, to further enhance heat exchange and to make cylinder uniformly heat as far as possible；The inner surface of aluminum dividing plate 36 is provided with multiple spaced apart projection 30, for to enter hot water turbulization effect to strengthen heat exchange, the height of projection 30 is also unfit to do get Tai Gao simultaneously, otherwise easily cause flow dead, if the height of contrary projection 30 is too low, turbulence effects is not good, through repeated tests, by the 1/5 of the distance that the height of projection 30 is set between aluminum dividing plate 36 and outer casing wall.
As shown in Figure 6, the upper surface of described piston 26 be additionally provided with multiple raise up cone plunger 33, the surface of plunger 33 is provided with multiple adjoining spiral spiral salient in opposite direction 34, namely previous transport screw, later reverse acting spiral..., the purpose of plunger 33 and spiral salient 34 is charge air flow to carry out rationalization with by increasing turbulent flow in cylinder and heat convection between stiffened cylinder inwall and gas in the jar；Described piston 26 is overall cylindrical, its center outer surface is provided with the cannelure 31 of a depression, cannelure 31 is provided with multiple spaced fixing slot 32, fixing slot 32 is connected with soft thing 35 (such as Cotton Gossypii, sponge etc.), described soft thing 35 is through the wall contacts in the gap piston 26 and cylinder 25 Yu cylinder 25, and the distance between adjacent two described fixing slot 32 is h.Inventor it have been investigated that, when adopting the air supply system without air relief valve, due to the increase of cylinder air pressure, the gap air leak between cylinder 25 and piston 26 can be bigger than the system air leakage of band air relief valve, therefore specific design must be adopted to reduce gap air leak, to improve the efficiency of electromotor.Adopt Cotton Gossypii, sponge etc. to have a better bubble-tight soft thing 35, and adopt less interval to arrange, can gas leakage between effectively less cylinder and piston；Experiments show that simultaneously, owing to supply gas pressure is higher, frictional force between soft thing 35 and cylinder 25 is almost negligible relative to the kinetic energy of piston 26, and interval arrange and the soft thing 35 of discontinuous layout also effectively reduces friction, thus improve the efficiency of electromotor.
The axle head of described bent axle is provided with Incremental Photoelectric Rotary Encoder (not shown), and it, for the rotational angle of bent axle is converted to corresponding umber of pulse, provides the corner α numerical value of bent axle with the form of count pulse to the controller of air motor；The force value of the gas pressure in the cylinder 25 that described controller record is detected by pressure transducer etc., and the temperature value of temperature etc. after temperature, exhaust solenoid valve 22 before gas temperature in the cylinder 25 detected by temperature sensor, exhaust solenoid valve 22.
After enabling signal is come, increment type Incremental Photoelectric Rotary Encoder detection crank angle value α, when it reaches the initial charge angle [alpha] of setting0Time, open air inlet electromagnetic valve 21；Simultaneously constantly in real time temperature T2 after temperature T1 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 before gas temperature T, exhaust solenoid valve 22 in the pressure p of gas, cylinder 25 in detection crank angle α, cylinder 25, controller is calculated as follows obtains pressure at expulsion priori value p ＇ according to gas equation and the crank angle relation of air: Wherein r is the length of crank, and l is the length of connecting rod, and n is polytropic coefficient, gas temperature in the cylinder 25 when T ' is for a upper loop ends, temperature before the exhaust solenoid valve 22 when T1 ' is for a upper loop ends, λ1Being the first invariant, if being currently the first circulation, closing closed term from command of execution isothermal air inlet If a upper circulation and the temperature difference measured in real time increase, illustrate that temperature reduction amount increases, then now A1 also increases, and closes closed term by isothermal air inletImproving calculated pressure at expulsion priori value, the shut-in time of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 in advance, plays and prevents too fast expansion, reduces the temperature difference so that overall process is more nearly isothermal expansion process and then improves the effect that electromotor is exerted oneself.As pressure at expulsion priori value p ' >=k1 × k2 × pomTime close air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, wherein pomFor the specified unlatching pressure of exhaust solenoid valve 22,For the threshold pressure coefficient often circulated, pmaxFor often circulating the maximum working pressure of cylinder 25, pminFor often circulating the minimum operating pressure of cylinder 25, can be seen that from the expression formula of k1 the close moment of the air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 drawn according to the method both ensure that the actual exhaust air pressure unlatching threshold values more than exhaust solenoid valve 22, in turn ensure that will not exceed threshold values too much causes too much discharge loss, and can effectively prevent the threshold values fluctuation that air pressure fluctuation causes excessive, prevent the erroneous judgement of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close moment further；K2=0.001 × | T1 '-T2 ' |+1 is exhaust solenoid valve 22 bite correction factor, T1 ', T2 ' respectively goes up before the exhaust solenoid valve 22 of a circulation temperature after temperature and exhaust solenoid valve 22, owing to exhaust solenoid valve 2 is in the end of expansion process, it is easy to the phenomenon occurring low temperature frosting to cause bite, | T1 '-T2 ' | shows that more greatly in a upper circulation, the front and back temperature difference of exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more big, exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more susceptible to frosting and causes bite, now in this circulation, k2 is automatically increased to improve the admission pressure threshold values of cylinder 25, thus increasing the inlet pressure of exhaust solenoid valve 22 to ensure that it is opened smoothly, when circulating for first from command of execution k2=1.Hereafter detection crank angle α is continued, when α reaches the air bleeding valve open angle α of setting1Time, open exhaust solenoid valve 22；After exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened, continue detection crank angle, when the initial charge angle [alpha] reaching setting0Time, air inlet electromagnetic valve 22 is again turned on, until when crank angle α reaches exhaust valve closure angle Time, close exhaust solenoid valve 22, α2For the threshold value being manually set, λ2It is the second invariant, by isothermal exc. itemPlaying the effect closing exhaust solenoid valve 22 in advance, it is assumed herein that corner α constantly increases, often turning over a circle increases by 360 °, by the expression formula of A2 its value known always less than 1, works as the temperature differenceDuring increase, A2 reduces, then the closedown condition value of exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more low, so that crank angle α can faster arrive closedown condition value, when being in first circulation from command of execution A2=1, so far engine system completes a cycle of operation；In the period that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened, the regulating valve 23 and can control to adjust the aperture of valve 23 according to Temperature Feedback value before and after temperature average and air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 in the cylinder 25 of a upper circulation of thermoregulator 24, thus the hot water temperature regulated in pre-thermal sleeve 19 and heating muff 20.Make λ1=0.0015, λ2=0.0024, h=8mm.
Preferably, because electromagnetic valve to off or needs the response time from breaking to leading to, so for the break-make moment controlling electromagnetic valve more accurately, need on the basis of ideal position, set certain lead, and this lead can not be definite value, namely it not only should be relevant with the intrinsic response time of electromagnetic valve, also should be relevant with the concrete angular velocity omega of bent axle (being obtained by corner α), experiment proves that such variable lead can be effectively improved the levels of precision of electromagnetic valve lead, thus improving the efficiency of engine system further.Because intake and exhaust electromagnetic valve used is dead electricity normally closed solenoid valve, so energising is opened after postponing, close after power-off delay.Set: the pulse generation of the rotational angle rotary encoder of bent axle is measured several times, and 0-1023 pulse number scope is corresponding with 0-360 °.The ideal position that air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 is opened is 0 (0 °), and the ideal position of closedown is that pressure at expulsion priori value opens, with exhaust solenoid valve 22, the position that pressure is equal；The ideal position that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened is 512 (180 °), and the ideal position of closedown is 0 (0 °).Then the power on/off position of intake and exhaust electromagnetic valve should shift to an earlier date to some extent than desired action position, and amount in advance various can be calculated by following by the rotating speed of the energising of electromagnetic valve, power-off response time and bent axle: the lead that air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 is opened isThe lead that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened isThe lead that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is closed isWherein ω is the angular velocity of bent axle, U1、U2The response time that respectively guide electromagnetic valve energising response time and power-off response time, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 adopt is identical, unit: ms.
In the rubbish seperator of this embodiment, simple and practical, utilize centrifugal force to realize being automatically separated of rubbish, good separating effect；Adopt air motor to replace traditional motor to drive separation rotating disk simultaneously, have the advantages such as output torque is big, adjustability is high, pollution-free, bulk rubbish can be overcome to drop and cause the phenomenon of over current of motor；And devise a kind of novel engine system, it can select the compression air of different pressures according to rotating speed, and in order to overcome the shortcoming easily producing " pressure vacuum phase " the process switched from high-pressure air source toward low-pressure gas source, utilize pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 and controller to coordinate dexterously and ensure that the smooth of electromotor is exerted oneself；The supply air line of this engine system is not provided with air relief valve, it is possible to greatly reduce because reducing pressure the energy loss caused；The Quasi-isothermal expansion process of gas and pressure at expulsion are organically combined, temperature conditions according to each circulation and the priori value of pressure at expulsion determine the shut-in time of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, just can reach good efficiency when not increasing additional investment only by the algorithm of amendment controller and improve effect, both ensure that the pressure at expulsion actual exhaust air pressure unlatching threshold values more than exhaust solenoid valve 22 simultaneously, in turn ensure that will not exceed threshold values too much causes too much discharge loss, and the computing formula adopted can effectively prevent the threshold values fluctuation that air pressure fluctuation causes excessive, prevent the erroneous judgement of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close moment further；According to the supply scheme without air relief valve, it is contemplated that the pressurized of cylinder 25 increases, air leakage increases and the needs of heat exchange, has redesigned the air cylinder structure being suitable for, and this cylinder heat transfer effect is strong, and bearing capacity is higher, and gas leakage significantly reduces, and makes λ1=0.0015, λ2=0.0024, h=8mm, experiments show that the more not engineered premise height of its whole efficiency 6.0%, air leakage decreases 8.8%, achieves beyond thought effect.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of high-efficiency refuse seperator as shown in Figure 1, including separating rotating disk 1, transmission nahlock 2, gravity sensor 3, mechanical arm undertaking bucket 4, propeller 5 and engine system, transmission nahlock 2 and gravity sensor 3 are fixed in the lower section separating rotating disk 1, propeller 5 and mechanical arm undertaking bucket 4 and lay respectively at the both sides separating rotating disk 1；Rubbish falls into separation rotating disk 1 from feeding mouth, and small-sized rubbish outwards separates and fall into the discharging opening separated below rotating disk 1 under the influence of centrifugal force, and bulky refuse is collected on separation rotating disk 1；When the weight that bulky refuse gathers exceedes setting value, gravity sensor 3 sends signal to controller, propeller 5 is driven to advance to separating rotating disk 1 direction, control mechanical arm undertaking bucket 1 is caught propeller 5 at offside and is pushed away the bulky refuse fallen simultaneously, bulky refuse is delivered to breaker and is crushed by the bucket of mechanical arm undertaking subsequently 4, and propeller 5 returns original position；Described transmission nahlock 2 is connected with engine system by bent axle, engine system drive transmission nahlock 2 to rotate and then drive separation rotating disk 1 to rotate.
As shown in Figure 2, described engine system includes air pressure pump 2, compressed air cylinder, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, electromotor, exhaust solenoid valve 22, heat-exchange system and control system, described compressed air cylinder inside division is the higher-pressure region 17 being disposed over and the low-pressure area 16 being arranged below, one end of higher-pressure region 17 is connected with described air pressure pump 11 by high pressure entry valve 14, the other end is connected with described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 by high-pressure outlet valve 15, one end of low-pressure area 16 is connected with described air pressure pump 11 by low-pressure inlet valve 12, the other end passes sequentially through inlet non return check valve, low tension outlet valve 13 is connected with described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 provides the compression air of high pressure or low pressure to described electromotor；Described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 are the guide electromagnetic valve of dead electricity normally closed type.The compression air of higher-pressure region 17 is for using when high engine speeds rotates, pressure limit is 15MPa～30MPa, the compression air of low-pressure area 16 is for using when low engine speed rotates, and pressure limit is 2MPa～10MPa, and concrete switching condition can set by practical situation.nullSimultaneously，Inventor it have been investigated that，When the compression air of high pressure switches to the compression air of low-pressure，Due to be air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close state switch over，Therefore the phenomenon that usually can build the pressure in the pipeline after high-pressure outlet valve 15，Cause that low tension outlet valve 12 cannot overcome the pressure in pipeline to exert oneself after opening，Air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 often has " the pressure vacuum phase " of a bit of time after opening，Cause that exerting oneself of electromotor is unsmooth，Therefore switching relief pipeline it is additionally provided with，One end of switching relief pipeline is connected with the pipeline between described high-pressure outlet valve 15 with described low tension outlet valve 13，The other end is connected with the top of described low-pressure area 16，Switching relief pipeline is provided with pressure release electromagnetic valve 18，When switching from high pressure toward low pressure，After high-pressure outlet valve 15 cuts out，First controller detects the force value p1 after high-pressure outlet valve 15 on pipeline，And it is compared with the pressure p 2 of low-pressure area 16，As p1 > p2，Pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 is opened，At this time the pressure in pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 is let out rapidly to low-pressure area 16，When p1≤p2 being detected，Close pressure release electromagnetic valve 18.Consider saving cost and pressure release effect, the caliber of described switching relief pipeline is set to higher-pressure region 17 and exports the 1/4 of caliber.
Described electromotor includes cylinder 25, piston 26, the bent axle that is connected with piston 26, and bent axle includes crank, connecting rod and flywheel, and flywheel (not shown) is arranged on one end of bent axle；Described exhaust solenoid valve 22 is arranged on waste pipe road, discharge duct after exhaust solenoid valve 22 is divided into two-way, one tunnel is directly arranged air or goes refrigeration system, adjustment valve 23 of separately leading up to enters thermoregulator 24, for outlet hot water's temperature of thermoregulator 24 is adjusted, keep the expansion process of gas as close possible to isothermal expansion process, to improve exerting oneself of electromotor.Described heat-exchange system includes the thermoregulator 24 that form is pipe heat exchanger, the pre-thermal sleeve 19 being arranged on the pipeline of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 left and right sides, the heating muff 20 that is arranged on cylinder 25, arrange pre-thermal sleeve 20 in order that preheats the compression air entering cylinder 25, and ensure before and after air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 temperature difference uniformly, reduce thermal stress.The heat source of thermoregulator 24 connects the thermal source of (such as room heater) from solar thermal collector or other convenience, constantly being supplied water to pre-thermal sleeve 19 and heating muff 20 by heat-exchanger pump (not shown), the hot water after heating flows out through the outlet of sleeve pipe.
As shown in Figure 3-4, the outer casing wall of described cylinder 25 is additionally provided with aluminum dividing plate 36, aluminum dividing plate 36 is annular, it is arranged between outer casing wall and heating muff 20, aluminum dividing plate 36 is fixed on outer casing wall by multiple spaced apart circumference heat conduction fixed bodies 29, heat conduction fixed body 29 is except fixation, what take due to this programme on the one hand is be not provided with air relief valve after compressed air cylinder, therefore admission pressure is very big, circumference heat conduction is fixed, 29 effects that can play stiffened cylinder 25 intensity, on the other hand owing to heat conduction fixed body 29 have employed Heat Conduction Material metals such as () such as aluminum bronzes, heat exchange can be strengthened.
In order to intuitively, Fig. 5 gives schematic diagram when cylinder expands into plane, outer casing wall between adjacent two circumferential heat conduction fixed bodies 29 is also arranged at intervals with 3 and is folded to the baffle 27 that angle is 45 °, height is circumferentially fixed height the 2/3 of described baffle 27, baffle 27 can effectively increase the hot water time of staying in cylinder 25 outside wall surface, improves heat transfer effect.The staggered current-sharing mouth of a river 28 being provided with multiple circle on aluminum dividing plate 36, water in sleeve pipe flows into and out from the current-sharing mouth of a river 28, the purpose one arranging aluminum dividing plate 36 is that the thermal conduction characteristic utilizing aluminum metal strengthens heat exchange, two is utilize aluminum dividing plate 36 and the current-sharing mouth of a river 28 to slow down water flow velocity and uniform flux, to further enhance heat exchange and to make cylinder uniformly heat as far as possible；The inner surface of aluminum dividing plate 36 is provided with multiple spaced apart projection 30, for to enter hot water turbulization effect to strengthen heat exchange, the height of projection 30 is also unfit to do get Tai Gao simultaneously, otherwise easily cause flow dead, if the height of contrary projection 30 is too low, turbulence effects is not good, through repeated tests, by the 1/5 of the distance that the height of projection 30 is set between aluminum dividing plate 36 and outer casing wall.
As shown in Figure 6, the upper surface of described piston 26 be additionally provided with multiple raise up cone plunger 33, the surface of plunger 33 is provided with multiple adjoining spiral spiral salient in opposite direction 34, namely previous transport screw, later reverse acting spiral..., the purpose of plunger 33 and spiral salient 34 is charge air flow to carry out rationalization with by increasing turbulent flow in cylinder and heat convection between stiffened cylinder inwall and gas in the jar；Described piston 26 is overall cylindrical, its center outer surface is provided with the cannelure 31 of a depression, cannelure 31 is provided with multiple spaced fixing slot 32, fixing slot 32 is connected with soft thing 35 (such as Cotton Gossypii, sponge etc.), described soft thing 35 is through the wall contacts in the gap piston 26 and cylinder 25 Yu cylinder 25, and the distance between adjacent two described fixing slot 32 is h.Inventor it have been investigated that, when adopting the air supply system without air relief valve, due to the increase of cylinder air pressure, the gap air leak between cylinder 25 and piston 26 can be bigger than the system air leakage of band air relief valve, therefore specific design must be adopted to reduce gap air leak, to improve the efficiency of electromotor.Adopt Cotton Gossypii, sponge etc. to have a better bubble-tight soft thing 35, and adopt less interval to arrange, can gas leakage between effectively less cylinder and piston；Experiments show that simultaneously, owing to supply gas pressure is higher, frictional force between soft thing 35 and cylinder 25 is almost negligible relative to the kinetic energy of piston 26, and interval arrange and the soft thing 35 of discontinuous layout also effectively reduces friction, thus improve the efficiency of electromotor.
The axle head of described bent axle is provided with Incremental Photoelectric Rotary Encoder (not shown), and it, for the rotational angle of bent axle is converted to corresponding umber of pulse, provides the corner α numerical value of bent axle with the form of count pulse to the controller of air motor；The force value of the gas pressure in the cylinder 25 that described controller record is detected by pressure transducer etc., and the temperature value of temperature etc. after temperature, exhaust solenoid valve 22 before gas temperature in the cylinder 25 detected by temperature sensor, exhaust solenoid valve 22.
After enabling signal is come, increment type Incremental Photoelectric Rotary Encoder detection crank angle value α, when it reaches the initial charge angle [alpha] of setting0Time, open air inlet electromagnetic valve 21；Simultaneously constantly in real time temperature T2 after temperature T1 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 before gas temperature T, exhaust solenoid valve 22 in the pressure p of gas, cylinder 25 in detection crank angle α, cylinder 25, controller is calculated as follows obtains pressure at expulsion priori value p ' according to gas equation and the crank angle relation of air: Wherein r is the length of crank, and l is the length of connecting rod, and n is polytropic coefficient, gas temperature in the cylinder 25 when T ' is for a upper loop ends, temperature before the exhaust solenoid valve 22 when T1 ' is for a upper loop ends, λ1Being the first invariant, if being currently the first circulation, closing closed term from command of execution isothermal air inlet If a upper circulation and the temperature difference measured in real time increase, illustrate that temperature reduction amount increases, then now A1 also increases, and closes closed term by isothermal air inletImproving calculated pressure at expulsion priori value, the shut-in time of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 in advance, plays and prevents too fast expansion, reduces the temperature difference so that overall process is more nearly isothermal expansion process and then improves the effect that electromotor is exerted oneself.As pressure at expulsion priori value p ' >=k1 × k2 × pomTime close air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, wherein pomFor the specified unlatching pressure of exhaust solenoid valve 22,For the threshold pressure coefficient often circulated, pmaxFor often circulating the maximum working pressure of cylinder 25, pminFor often circulating the minimum operating pressure of cylinder 25, can be seen that from the expression formula of k1 the close moment of the air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 drawn according to the method both ensure that the actual exhaust air pressure unlatching threshold values more than exhaust solenoid valve 22, in turn ensure that will not exceed threshold values too much causes too much discharge loss, and can effectively prevent the threshold values fluctuation that air pressure fluctuation causes excessive, prevent the erroneous judgement of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close moment further；K2=0.001 × | T1 '-T2 ' |+1 is exhaust solenoid valve 22 bite correction factor, T1 ', T2 ' respectively goes up before the exhaust solenoid valve 22 of a circulation temperature after temperature and exhaust solenoid valve 22, owing to exhaust solenoid valve 2 is in the end of expansion process, it is easy to the phenomenon occurring low temperature frosting to cause bite, | T1 '-T2 ' | shows that more greatly in a upper circulation, the front and back temperature difference of exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more big, exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more susceptible to frosting and causes bite, now in this circulation, k2 is automatically increased to improve the admission pressure threshold values of cylinder 25, thus increasing the inlet pressure of exhaust solenoid valve 22 to ensure that it is opened smoothly, when circulating for first from command of execution k2=1.Hereafter detection crank angle α is continued, when α reaches the air bleeding valve open angle α of setting1Time, open exhaust solenoid valve 22；After exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened, continue detection crank angle, when the initial charge angle [alpha] reaching setting0Time, air inlet electromagnetic valve 22 is again turned on, until when crank angle α reaches exhaust valve closure angle Time, close exhaust solenoid valve 22, α2For the threshold value being manually set, λ2It is the second invariant, by isothermal exc. itemPlaying the effect closing exhaust solenoid valve 22 in advance, it is assumed herein that corner α constantly increases, often turning over a circle increases by 360 °, by the expression formula of A2 its value known always less than 1, works as the temperature differenceDuring increase, A2 reduces, then the closedown condition value of exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more low, so that crank angle α can faster arrive closedown condition value, when being in first circulation from command of execution A2=1, so far engine system completes a cycle of operation；In the period that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened, the regulating valve 23 and can control to adjust the aperture of valve 23 according to Temperature Feedback value before and after temperature average and air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 in the cylinder 25 of a upper circulation of thermoregulator 24, thus the hot water temperature regulated in pre-thermal sleeve 19 and heating muff 20.Make λ1=0.0017, λ2=0.0026, h=7mm.
Preferably, because electromagnetic valve to off or needs the response time from breaking to leading to, so for the break-make moment controlling electromagnetic valve more accurately, need on the basis of ideal position, set certain lead, and this lead can not be definite value, namely it not only should be relevant with the intrinsic response time of electromagnetic valve, also should be relevant with the concrete angular velocity omega of bent axle (being obtained by corner α), experiment proves that such variable lead can be effectively improved the levels of precision of electromagnetic valve lead, thus improving the efficiency of engine system further.Because intake and exhaust electromagnetic valve used is dead electricity normally closed solenoid valve, so energising is opened after postponing, close after power-off delay.Set: the pulse generation of the rotational angle rotary encoder of bent axle is measured several times, and 0-1023 pulse number scope is corresponding with 0-360 °.The ideal position that air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 is opened is 0 (0 °), and the ideal position of closedown is that pressure at expulsion priori value opens, with exhaust solenoid valve 22, the position that pressure is equal；The ideal position that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened is 512 (180 °), and the ideal position of closedown is 0 (0 °).Then the power on/off position of intake and exhaust electromagnetic valve should shift to an earlier date to some extent than desired action position, and amount in advance various can be calculated by following by the rotating speed of the energising of electromagnetic valve, power-off response time and bent axle: the lead that air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 is opened isThe lead that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened isThe lead that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is closed isWherein ω is the angular velocity of bent axle, U1、U2The response time that respectively guide electromagnetic valve energising response time and power-off response time, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 adopt is identical, unit: ms.
In the rubbish seperator of this embodiment, simple and practical, utilize centrifugal force to realize being automatically separated of rubbish, good separating effect；Adopt air motor to replace traditional motor to drive separation rotating disk simultaneously, have the advantages such as output torque is big, adjustability is high, pollution-free, bulk rubbish can be overcome to drop and cause the phenomenon of over current of motor；And devise a kind of novel engine system, it can select the compression air of different pressures according to rotating speed, and in order to overcome the shortcoming easily producing " pressure vacuum phase " the process switched from high-pressure air source toward low-pressure gas source, utilize pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 and controller to coordinate dexterously and ensure that the smooth of electromotor is exerted oneself；The supply air line of this engine system is not provided with air relief valve, it is possible to greatly reduce because reducing pressure the energy loss caused；The Quasi-isothermal expansion process of gas and pressure at expulsion are organically combined, temperature conditions according to each circulation and the priori value of pressure at expulsion determine the shut-in time of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, just can reach good efficiency when not increasing additional investment only by the algorithm of amendment controller and improve effect, both ensure that the pressure at expulsion actual exhaust air pressure unlatching threshold values more than exhaust solenoid valve 22 simultaneously, in turn ensure that will not exceed threshold values too much causes too much discharge loss, and the computing formula adopted can effectively prevent the threshold values fluctuation that air pressure fluctuation causes excessive, prevent the erroneous judgement of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close moment further；According to the supply scheme without air relief valve, it is contemplated that the pressurized of cylinder 25 increases, air leakage increases and the needs of heat exchange, has redesigned the air cylinder structure being suitable for, and this cylinder heat transfer effect is strong, and bearing capacity is higher, and gas leakage significantly reduces, and makes λ1=0.0017, λ2=0.0026, h=7mm, experiments show that the more not engineered premise height of its whole efficiency 6.5%, air leakage decreases 9.4%, achieves beyond thought effect.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of high-efficiency refuse seperator as shown in Figure 1, including separating rotating disk 1, transmission nahlock 2, gravity sensor 3, mechanical arm undertaking bucket 4, propeller 5 and engine system, transmission nahlock 2 and gravity sensor 3 are fixed in the lower section separating rotating disk 1, propeller 5 and mechanical arm undertaking bucket 4 and lay respectively at the both sides separating rotating disk 1；Rubbish falls into separation rotating disk 1 from feeding mouth, and small-sized rubbish outwards separates and fall into the discharging opening separated below rotating disk 1 under the influence of centrifugal force, and bulky refuse is collected on separation rotating disk 1；When the weight that bulky refuse gathers exceedes setting value, gravity sensor 3 sends signal to controller, propeller 5 is driven to advance to separating rotating disk 1 direction, control mechanical arm undertaking bucket 1 is caught propeller 5 at offside and is pushed away the bulky refuse fallen simultaneously, bulky refuse is delivered to breaker and is crushed by the bucket of mechanical arm undertaking subsequently 4, and propeller 5 returns original position；Described transmission nahlock 2 is connected with engine system by bent axle, engine system drive transmission nahlock 2 to rotate and then drive separation rotating disk 1 to rotate.
As shown in Figure 2, described engine system includes air pressure pump 2, compressed air cylinder, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, electromotor, exhaust solenoid valve 22, heat-exchange system and control system, described compressed air cylinder inside division is the higher-pressure region 17 being disposed over and the low-pressure area 16 being arranged below, one end of higher-pressure region 17 is connected with described air pressure pump 11 by high pressure entry valve 14, the other end is connected with described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 by high-pressure outlet valve 15, one end of low-pressure area 16 is connected with described air pressure pump 11 by low-pressure inlet valve 12, the other end passes sequentially through inlet non return check valve, low tension outlet valve 13 is connected with described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 provides the compression air of high pressure or low pressure to described electromotor；Described air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 are the guide electromagnetic valve of dead electricity normally closed type.The compression air of higher-pressure region 17 is for using when high engine speeds rotates, pressure limit is 15MPa～30MPa, the compression air of low-pressure area 16 is for using when low engine speed rotates, and pressure limit is 2MPa～10MPa, and concrete switching condition can set by practical situation.nullSimultaneously，Inventor it have been investigated that，When the compression air of high pressure switches to the compression air of low-pressure，Due to be air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close state switch over，Therefore the phenomenon that usually can build the pressure in the pipeline after high-pressure outlet valve 15，Cause that low tension outlet valve 12 cannot overcome the pressure in pipeline to exert oneself after opening，Air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 often has " the pressure vacuum phase " of a bit of time after opening，Cause that exerting oneself of electromotor is unsmooth，Therefore switching relief pipeline it is additionally provided with，One end of switching relief pipeline is connected with the pipeline between described high-pressure outlet valve 15 with described low tension outlet valve 13，The other end is connected with the top of described low-pressure area 16，Switching relief pipeline is provided with pressure release electromagnetic valve 18，When switching from high pressure toward low pressure，After high-pressure outlet valve 15 cuts out，First controller detects the force value p1 after high-pressure outlet valve 15 on pipeline，And it is compared with the pressure p 2 of low-pressure area 16，As p1 > p2，Pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 is opened，At this time the pressure in pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 is let out rapidly to low-pressure area 16，When p1≤p2 being detected，Close pressure release electromagnetic valve 18.Consider saving cost and pressure release effect, the caliber of described switching relief pipeline is set to higher-pressure region 17 and exports the 1/4 of caliber.
Described electromotor includes cylinder 25, piston 26, the bent axle that is connected with piston 26, and bent axle includes crank, connecting rod and flywheel, and flywheel (not shown) is arranged on one end of bent axle；Described exhaust solenoid valve 22 is arranged on waste pipe road, discharge duct after exhaust solenoid valve 22 is divided into two-way, one tunnel is directly arranged air or goes refrigeration system, adjustment valve 23 of separately leading up to enters thermoregulator 24, for outlet hot water's temperature of thermoregulator 24 is adjusted, keep the expansion process of gas as close possible to isothermal expansion process, to improve exerting oneself of electromotor.Described heat-exchange system includes the thermoregulator 24 that form is pipe heat exchanger, the pre-thermal sleeve 19 being arranged on the pipeline of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 left and right sides, the heating muff 20 that is arranged on cylinder 25, arrange pre-thermal sleeve 20 in order that preheats the compression air entering cylinder 25, and ensure before and after air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 temperature difference uniformly, reduce thermal stress.The heat source of thermoregulator 24 connects the thermal source of (such as room heater) from solar thermal collector or other convenience, constantly being supplied water to pre-thermal sleeve 19 and heating muff 20 by heat-exchanger pump (not shown), the hot water after heating flows out through the outlet of sleeve pipe.
As shown in Figure 3-4, the outer casing wall of described cylinder 25 is additionally provided with aluminum dividing plate 36, aluminum dividing plate 36 is annular, it is arranged between outer casing wall and heating muff 20, aluminum dividing plate 36 is fixed on outer casing wall by multiple spaced apart circumference heat conduction fixed bodies 29, heat conduction fixed body 29 is except fixation, what take due to this programme on the one hand is be not provided with air relief valve after compressed air cylinder, therefore admission pressure is very big, circumference heat conduction is fixed, 29 effects that can play stiffened cylinder 25 intensity, on the other hand owing to heat conduction fixed body 29 have employed Heat Conduction Material metals such as () such as aluminum bronzes, heat exchange can be strengthened.
In order to intuitively, Fig. 5 gives schematic diagram when cylinder expands into plane, outer casing wall between adjacent two circumferential heat conduction fixed bodies 29 is also arranged at intervals with 3 and is folded to the baffle 27 that angle is 45 °, height is circumferentially fixed height the 2/3 of described baffle 27, baffle 27 can effectively increase the hot water time of staying in cylinder 25 outside wall surface, improves heat transfer effect.The staggered current-sharing mouth of a river 28 being provided with multiple circle on aluminum dividing plate 36, water in sleeve pipe flows into and out from the current-sharing mouth of a river 28, the purpose one arranging aluminum dividing plate 36 is that the thermal conduction characteristic utilizing aluminum metal strengthens heat exchange, two is utilize aluminum dividing plate 36 and the current-sharing mouth of a river 28 to slow down water flow velocity and uniform flux, to further enhance heat exchange and to make cylinder uniformly heat as far as possible；The inner surface of aluminum dividing plate 36 is provided with multiple spaced apart projection 30, for to enter hot water turbulization effect to strengthen heat exchange, the height of projection 30 is also unfit to do get Tai Gao simultaneously, otherwise easily cause flow dead, if the height of contrary projection 30 is too low, turbulence effects is not good, through repeated tests, by the 1/5 of the distance that the height of projection 30 is set between aluminum dividing plate 36 and outer casing wall.
As shown in Figure 6, the upper surface of described piston 26 be additionally provided with multiple raise up cone plunger 33, the surface of plunger 33 is provided with multiple adjoining spiral spiral salient in opposite direction 34, namely previous transport screw, later reverse acting spiral..., the purpose of plunger 33 and spiral salient 34 is charge air flow to carry out rationalization with by increasing turbulent flow in cylinder and heat convection between stiffened cylinder inwall and gas in the jar；Described piston 26 is overall cylindrical, its center outer surface is provided with the cannelure 31 of a depression, cannelure 31 is provided with multiple spaced fixing slot 32, fixing slot 32 is connected with soft thing 35 (such as Cotton Gossypii, sponge etc.), described soft thing 35 is through the wall contacts in the gap piston 26 and cylinder 25 Yu cylinder 25, and the distance between adjacent two described fixing slot 32 is h.Inventor it have been investigated that, when adopting the air supply system without air relief valve, due to the increase of cylinder air pressure, the gap air leak between cylinder 25 and piston 26 can be bigger than the system air leakage of band air relief valve, therefore specific design must be adopted to reduce gap air leak, to improve the efficiency of electromotor.Adopt Cotton Gossypii, sponge etc. to have a better bubble-tight soft thing 35, and adopt less interval to arrange, can gas leakage between effectively less cylinder and piston；Experiments show that simultaneously, owing to supply gas pressure is higher, frictional force between soft thing 35 and cylinder 25 is almost negligible relative to the kinetic energy of piston 26, and interval arrange and the soft thing 35 of discontinuous layout also effectively reduces friction, thus improve the efficiency of electromotor.
The axle head of described bent axle is provided with Incremental Photoelectric Rotary Encoder (not shown), and it, for the rotational angle of bent axle is converted to corresponding umber of pulse, provides the corner α numerical value of bent axle with the form of count pulse to the controller of air motor；The force value of the gas pressure in the cylinder 25 that described controller record is detected by pressure transducer etc., and the temperature value of temperature etc. after temperature, exhaust solenoid valve 22 before gas temperature in the cylinder 25 detected by temperature sensor, exhaust solenoid valve 22.
After enabling signal is come, increment type Incremental Photoelectric Rotary Encoder detection crank angle value α, when it reaches the initial charge angle [alpha] of setting0Time, open air inlet electromagnetic valve 21；Simultaneously constantly in real time temperature T2 after temperature T1 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 before gas temperature T, exhaust solenoid valve 22 in the pressure p of gas, cylinder 25 in detection crank angle α, cylinder 25, controller is calculated as follows obtains pressure at expulsion priori value p ＇ according to gas equation and the crank angle relation of air: Wherein r is the length of crank, and l is the length of connecting rod, and n is polytropic coefficient, gas temperature in the cylinder 25 when T ' is for a upper loop ends, temperature before the exhaust solenoid valve 22 when T1 ' is for a upper loop ends, λ1Being the first invariant, if being currently the first circulation, closing closed term from command of execution isothermal air inlet If a upper circulation and the temperature difference measured in real time increase, illustrate that temperature reduction amount increases, then now A1 also increases, and closes closed term by isothermal air inletImproving calculated pressure at expulsion priori value, the shut-in time of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 in advance, plays and prevents too fast expansion, reduces the temperature difference so that overall process is more nearly isothermal expansion process and then improves the effect that electromotor is exerted oneself.As pressure at expulsion priori value p ＇ >=k1 × k2 × pomTime close air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, wherein pomFor the specified unlatching pressure of exhaust solenoid valve 22,For the threshold pressure coefficient often circulated, pmaxFor often circulating the maximum working pressure of cylinder 25, pminFor often circulating the minimum operating pressure of cylinder 25, can be seen that from the expression formula of k1 the close moment of the air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 drawn according to the method both ensure that the actual exhaust air pressure unlatching threshold values more than exhaust solenoid valve 22, in turn ensure that will not exceed threshold values too much causes too much discharge loss, and can effectively prevent the threshold values fluctuation that air pressure fluctuation causes excessive, prevent the erroneous judgement of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close moment further；K2=0.001 × | T1 '-T2 ' |+1 is exhaust solenoid valve 22 bite correction factor, T1 ', T2 ' respectively goes up before the exhaust solenoid valve 22 of a circulation temperature after temperature and exhaust solenoid valve 22, owing to exhaust solenoid valve 2 is in the end of expansion process, it is easy to the phenomenon occurring low temperature frosting to cause bite, | T1 '-T2 ' | shows that more greatly in a upper circulation, the front and back temperature difference of exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more big, exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more susceptible to frosting and causes bite, now in this circulation, k2 is automatically increased to improve the admission pressure threshold values of cylinder 25, thus increasing the inlet pressure of exhaust solenoid valve 22 to ensure that it is opened smoothly, when circulating for first from command of execution k2=1.Hereafter detection crank angle α is continued, when α reaches the air bleeding valve open angle α of setting1Time, open exhaust solenoid valve 22；After exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened, continue detection crank angle, when the initial charge angle [alpha] reaching setting0Time, air inlet electromagnetic valve 22 is again turned on, until when crank angle α reaches exhaust valve closure angle Time, close exhaust solenoid valve 22, α2For the threshold value being manually set, λ2It is the second invariant, by isothermal exc. itemPlaying the effect closing exhaust solenoid valve 22 in advance, it is assumed herein that corner α constantly increases, often turning over a circle increases by 360 °, by the expression formula of A2 its value known always less than 1, works as the temperature differenceDuring increase, A2 reduces, then the closedown condition value of exhaust solenoid valve 22 is more low, so that crank angle α can faster arrive closedown condition value, when being in first circulation from command of execution A2=1, so far engine system completes a cycle of operation；In the period that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened, the regulating valve 23 and can control to adjust the aperture of valve 23 according to Temperature Feedback value before and after temperature average and air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 in the cylinder 25 of a upper circulation of thermoregulator 24, thus the hot water temperature regulated in pre-thermal sleeve 19 and heating muff 20.Make λ1=0.0019, λ2=0.0028, h=6mm.
Preferably, because electromagnetic valve to off or needs the response time from breaking to leading to, so for the break-make moment controlling electromagnetic valve more accurately, need on the basis of ideal position, set certain lead, and this lead can not be definite value, namely it not only should be relevant with the intrinsic response time of electromagnetic valve, also should be relevant with the concrete angular velocity omega of bent axle (being obtained by corner α), experiment proves that such variable lead can be effectively improved the levels of precision of electromagnetic valve lead, thus improving the efficiency of engine system further.Because intake and exhaust electromagnetic valve used is dead electricity normally closed solenoid valve, so energising is opened after postponing, close after power-off delay.Set: the pulse generation of the rotational angle rotary encoder of bent axle is measured several times, and 0-1023 pulse number scope is corresponding with 0-360 °.The ideal position that air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 is opened is 0 (0 °), and the ideal position of closedown is that pressure at expulsion priori value opens, with exhaust solenoid valve 22, the position that pressure is equal；The ideal position that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened is 512 (180 °), and the ideal position of closedown is 0 (0 °).Then the power on/off position of intake and exhaust electromagnetic valve should shift to an earlier date to some extent than desired action position, and amount in advance various can be calculated by following by the rotating speed of the energising of electromagnetic valve, power-off response time and bent axle: the lead that air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 is opened isThe lead that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is opened isThe lead that exhaust solenoid valve 22 is closed isWherein ω is the angular velocity of bent axle, U1、U2The response time that respectively guide electromagnetic valve energising response time and power-off response time, air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 and exhaust solenoid valve 22 adopt is identical, unit: ms.
In the rubbish seperator of this embodiment, simple and practical, utilize centrifugal force to realize being automatically separated of rubbish, good separating effect；Adopt air motor to replace traditional motor to drive separation rotating disk simultaneously, have the advantages such as output torque is big, adjustability is high, pollution-free, bulk rubbish can be overcome to drop and cause the phenomenon of over current of motor；And devise a kind of novel engine system, it can select the compression air of different pressures according to rotating speed, and in order to overcome the shortcoming easily producing " pressure vacuum phase " the process switched from high-pressure air source toward low-pressure gas source, utilize pressure release electromagnetic valve 18 and controller to coordinate dexterously and ensure that the smooth of electromotor is exerted oneself；The supply air line of this engine system is not provided with air relief valve, it is possible to greatly reduce because reducing pressure the energy loss caused；The Quasi-isothermal expansion process of gas and pressure at expulsion are organically combined, temperature conditions according to each circulation and the priori value of pressure at expulsion determine the shut-in time of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21, just can reach good efficiency when not increasing additional investment only by the algorithm of amendment controller and improve effect, both ensure that the pressure at expulsion actual exhaust air pressure unlatching threshold values more than exhaust solenoid valve 22 simultaneously, in turn ensure that will not exceed threshold values too much causes too much discharge loss, and the computing formula adopted can effectively prevent the threshold values fluctuation that air pressure fluctuation causes excessive, prevent the erroneous judgement of air inlet electromagnetic valve 21 close moment further；According to the supply scheme without air relief valve, it is contemplated that the pressurized of cylinder 25 increases, air leakage increases and the needs of heat exchange, has redesigned the air cylinder structure being suitable for, and this cylinder heat transfer effect is strong, and bearing capacity is higher, and gas leakage significantly reduces, and makes λ1=0.0019, λ2=0.0028, h=6mm, experiments show that the more not engineered premise height of its whole efficiency 6.8%, air leakage decreases 10.5%, achieves beyond thought effect.
Finally should be noted that; above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme; but not limiting the scope of the invention; although having made to explain to the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment; it will be understood by those within the art that; technical scheme can be modified or equivalent replacement, without deviating from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a high-efficiency refuse seperator, it is characterized in that, including separating rotating disk, transmission nahlock, gravity sensor, mechanical arm undertaking bucket, propeller and engine system, transmission nahlock and gravity sensor are fixed in the lower section separating rotating disk, propeller and mechanical arm undertaking bucket and lay respectively at the both sides separating rotating disk；Rubbish falls into separation rotating disk from feeding mouth, and small-sized rubbish outwards separates and fall into the discharging opening separated below rotating disk under the influence of centrifugal force, and bulky refuse is collected on separation rotating disk；When the weight that bulky refuse gathers exceedes setting value, gravity sensor sends signal to controller, propeller is driven to advance to separating rotating disk direction, control mechanical arm undertaking bucket is caught propeller at offside and is pushed away the bulky refuse fallen simultaneously, bulky refuse is delivered to breaker and is crushed by the bucket of mechanical arm undertaking subsequently, and propeller returns original position；Described transmission nahlock is connected with engine system by bent axle, engine system drive transmission nahlock to rotate and then drive separation rotating disk to rotate；Described engine system includes air pressure pump, compressed air cylinder, air inlet electromagnetic valve, electromotor, exhaust solenoid valve, heat-exchange system and control system, described compressed air cylinder inside division is the higher-pressure region being disposed over and the low-pressure area being arranged below, one end of higher-pressure region is connected with described air pressure pump by high pressure entry valve, the other end is connected with described air inlet electromagnetic valve by high-pressure outlet valve, one end of low-pressure area is connected with described air pressure pump by low-pressure inlet valve, the other end passes sequentially through inlet non return check valve, low tension outlet valve is connected with described air inlet electromagnetic valve, air inlet electromagnetic valve provides the compression air of high pressure or low pressure to described electromotor；Described air inlet electromagnetic valve and exhaust solenoid valve are the guide electromagnetic valve of dead electricity normally closed type；
Also include switching relief pipeline, one end of switching relief pipeline is connected with the pipeline between described high-pressure outlet valve with described low tension outlet valve, the other end is connected with the top of described low-pressure area, switching relief pipeline is provided with pressure release electromagnetic valve, when switching from high pressure toward low pressure, after high-pressure outlet valve cuts out, first the force value p1 on pipeline after detection high-pressure outlet valve, and it is compared with the pressure p 2 of low-pressure area, as p1 > p2, pressure release electromagnetic valve is opened, pressure in switching relief valve is let out rapidly to low-pressure area, when p1≤p2 being detected, close pressure release electromagnetic valve, and open air inlet electromagnetic valve；The caliber of described switching relief pipeline is the 1/4 of higher-pressure region outlet caliber；
Described electromotor includes cylinder, piston, the bent axle that is connected with piston, and bent axle includes crank, connecting rod and flywheel, and flywheel is arranged on one end of bent axle；Described exhaust solenoid valve is arranged on waste pipe road, discharge duct after exhaust solenoid valve is divided into two-way, one tunnel is directly arranged air or goes refrigeration system, and adjustment valve of separately leading up to enters thermoregulator, for the outlet hot water's temperature to thermoregulator；Described heat-exchange system includes the thermoregulator that form is pipe heat exchanger, the pre-thermal sleeve being arranged on the pipeline of the air inlet electromagnetic valve left and right sides, the heating muff that is arranged on cylinder, the heat source of thermoregulator is constantly supplied water to pre-thermal sleeve and heating muff by heat-exchanger pump, and the hot water after heating flows out through the outlet of sleeve pipe；The outer casing wall of described cylinder is additionally provided with aluminum dividing plate, aluminum dividing plate is annular, it is arranged between outer casing wall and heating muff, aluminum dividing plate is fixed on outer casing wall by multiple spaced apart circumference heat conduction fixed bodies, also being arranged at intervals with 3 on outer casing wall between adjacent two circumferential heat conduction fixed bodies and be folded to the baffle that angle is 45 °, the height of described baffle is the 2/3 of circumferentially fixed height；On aluminum dividing plate, the staggered current-sharing mouth of a river being provided with multiple circle, the inner surface of aluminum dividing plate is provided with multiple spaced apart projection, and the height of projection is 1/5 of the distance between aluminum dividing plate and outer casing wall；The upper surface of described piston is additionally provided with the plunger of multiple cone raised up, and the surface of plunger is provided with the spiral salient that multiple adjoining spiral is in opposite direction；Described piston entirety is cylindrical, its center outer surface is provided with the cannelure of a depression, cannelure is provided with multiple spaced fixing slot, fixing slot is connected with soft thing, described soft thing is through the wall contacts in the gap piston and cylinder Yu cylinder, and the distance between adjacent two described fixing slot is h；
The axle head of described bent axle is provided with Incremental Photoelectric Rotary Encoder, for the rotational angle of bent axle is converted to corresponding umber of pulse, provides the corner α numerical value of bent axle to the controller of air motor with the form of count pulse；Gas pressure in the cylinder that described controller record is detected by pressure transducer, and temperature after temperature, exhaust solenoid valve before gas temperature in the cylinder detected by temperature sensor, exhaust solenoid valve；After enabling signal is come, increment type Incremental Photoelectric Rotary Encoder detection crank angle value, when it reaches the initial charge angle [alpha] of setting0Time, open air inlet electromagnetic valve；Simultaneously constantly in real time temperature T2 after temperature T1 and exhaust solenoid valve before detection crank angle α, the pressure p of cylinder interior gas, cylinder interior gas temperature T, exhaust solenoid valve, controller is calculated as follows obtains pressure at expulsion priori value p ' according to gas equation and the crank angle relation of air:Wherein r is the length of crank, and l is the length of connecting rod, and n is polytropic coefficient, cylinder interior gas temperature when T ' is for a upper loop ends, temperature before exhaust solenoid valve when T1 ' is for a upper loop ends, λ1Being the first invariant, if being currently the first circulation, closing closed term from command of execution isothermal air inletAs pressure at expulsion priori value p ' >=k1 × k2 × pomTime close air inlet electromagnetic valve, wherein pomFor the specified unlatching pressure of exhaust solenoid valve,For the threshold pressure coefficient often circulated, pmaxFor often circulating the maximum working pressure of cylinder, pminFor often circulating the minimum operating pressure of cylinder, k2=0.001 × | T1 '-T2 ' |+1 is exhaust solenoid valve bite correction factor, and T1 ', T2 ' respectively go up before the exhaust solenoid valve of a circulation temperature after temperature and exhaust solenoid valve；Hereafter detection crank angle α is continued, when α reaches the air bleeding valve open angle α of setting1Time, open exhaust solenoid valve；After exhaust solenoid valve is opened, continue detection crank angle, when the initial charge angle [alpha] reaching setting0Time, air inlet electromagnetic valve is again turned on, until when crank angle α reaches exhaust valve closure angleTime, close exhaust solenoid valve, wherein α2For the threshold value being manually set,For isothermal exc. item, λ2Being the second invariant, when being in first circulation from command of execution A2=1, so far engine system completes a cycle of operation；In the period that exhaust solenoid valve is opened, exhaust solenoid valve can control to adjust the aperture of valve according to Temperature Feedback value before and after the internal cylinder temperature average of a upper circulation and air inlet electromagnetic valve to the adjustment valve of thermoregulator, thus the hot water temperature regulated in pre-thermal sleeve and heating muff；Make λ1=0.0011, λ2=0.0020, h=10mm.
2. a kind of high-efficiency refuse seperator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the lead that air inlet electromagnetic valve is opened isThe lead that exhaust solenoid valve is opened isThe lead that exhaust solenoid valve is closed isWherein ω is the angular velocity of bent axle, U1、U2The response time that respectively guide electromagnetic valve energising response time and power-off response time, air inlet electromagnetic valve and exhaust solenoid valve adopt is identical.
CN201610188469.1A 2016-03-29 2016-03-29 A kind of high-efficiency refuse seperator Active CN105772233B (en)

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CN108745890A (en) * 2018-06-12 2018-11-06 合肥久多农业科技有限公司 A kind of crops deep processing screening plant
CN110252666A (en) * 2019-05-20 2019-09-20 广西康纳环保有限公司 Intelligent garbage classification machine
CN114001541A (en) * 2021-11-30 2022-02-01 江苏贝尔机械有限公司 DDGS feed drying equipment and DDGS feed drying process

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CN114001541A (en) * 2021-11-30 2022-02-01 江苏贝尔机械有限公司 DDGS feed drying equipment and DDGS feed drying process
CN114001541B (en) * 2021-11-30 2022-10-21 江苏贝尔机械有限公司 DDGS feed drying equipment and DDGS feed drying process

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