CN105762520A - Grating slit ground metal via hole stepped impedance tri-polarization slot antenna - Google Patents
Grating slit ground metal via hole stepped impedance tri-polarization slot antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN105762520A CN105762520A CN201610218341.5A CN201610218341A CN105762520A CN 105762520 A CN105762520 A CN 105762520A CN 201610218341 A CN201610218341 A CN 201610218341A CN 105762520 A CN105762520 A CN 105762520A
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- rabbet joint
- line
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
Abstract
A grating slit ground metal via hole stepped impedance tri-polarization slot antenna is disclosed and relates to a slot antenna. The antenna consists of three single-polarized antennas (13) that are perpendicular to one another; each antenna (13) comprises a dielectric substrate (1), a metal ground (2), a radiation slot (3) and a micro-strip feed line (4), wherein the metal ground (2) and the radiation slot (3) are arranged on the dielectric substrate (1), the radiation slot (3) and a plurality of parallel grating slits (6) are arranged on the metal ground (2), two ends of the radiation slot (3) are short circuits, the middle part of the radiation slot (3) is provided with two rows of metalized via holes (7), and therefore a low impedance slot (8) is formed; the rest part of the radiation slot (3) is a high impedance slot (9), one end of the micro-strip feed line (4) is an antenna port (10), and the other end of the coaxial feed line (4) is an open circuit which crosses the high impedance radiation slot (9) and extends beyond the same for a length. The antenna allows multi-frequency-band work; reduction of an antenna size, cross polarization and blocking is enabled; isolation improvement can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of slot antenna, three polarization slot antennas of especially a kind of grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance.
Background technology
Slot antenna is the antithesis antenna of element antenna, has a wide range of applications.But, common slot antenna not only radiates the length of the line of rabbet joint itself 1/2nd wavelength, and radiate and also need to bigger Metal ground around the line of rabbet joint and amass, big 1/2nd wavelength of length of the length ratio line of rabbet joint on usual metal ground, big 1/2nd wavelength of width of the width ratio line of rabbet joint on metal ground.Multipolarization MIMO can effectively improve spectrum efficiency and channel capacity, in order to MIMO technology may apply to the terminal that volume is little, it is necessary to the not like-polarized co-located placement of antenna.The radiation of antenna can be produced occlusion effect by bigger metal ground, slot antenna is made to be not suitable for co-located multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) application, when using in particular as multi-polarization antenna, the isolation caused between the cross polarization variation of antenna, antenna port is deteriorated by big metal ground, and these all will cause the decline of spectrum efficiency and channel capacity.The impedance of the line of rabbet joint is very big simultaneously, and the impedance matching also making slot antenna feeding transmission line is relatively difficult.The simultaneously development of modern communications also requires that antenna can multiband operation and two frequency bands can regulate respectively.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the purpose of the present invention is to propose to three polarization slot antennas of a kind of grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance, this antenna has been possible not only to multiple working band, and multiple frequency band can regulate respectively；This antenna can reduce the length of the radiation line of rabbet joint and the area on metal ground, and have and suppress cross polarization, improvement to isolate, reduce the effect blocked.
Technical scheme: three polarization slot antennas of the grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance of the present invention include the grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance antenna of three single polarizations being mutually perpendicular to placement；The grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance antenna of each single polarization includes medium substrate, the metal that is arranged on medium substrate and the radiation line of rabbet joint, microstrip feed line；The one side of medium substrate is metal ground, and the another side of medium substrate is the conduction band of microstrip feed line；Metal has the radiation line of rabbet joint on the ground, and the shape of the radiation line of rabbet joint is rectangle, and the radiation line of rabbet joint is positioned at the center on metal ground；The metal grid slot array that a plurality of parallel gate seam is constituted on the ground, the shape of grid seam is rectangle, and grid seam is positioned at the surrounding of the radiation line of rabbet joint, and grid seam is mutually perpendicular to the radiation line of rabbet joint；The short at one end of grid seam；The other end open circuit of grid seam, is positioned at the edge of medium substrate；Two terminal shortcircuits of the radiation line of rabbet joint；At radiation line of rabbet joint mid portion, two edges of its line of rabbet joint, there are two rows to metallize arrays of vias so that the characteristic impedance step-down of radiation line of rabbet joint mid portion, form the low-resistance line of rabbet joint；The remainder of the radiation line of rabbet joint is the high resistant line of rabbet joint, and the high resistant line of rabbet joint constitutes the Stepped Impedance radiation line of rabbet joint together with the low-resistance line of rabbet joint, produces a relatively low low frequency operation frequency band of frequency and the higher high-frequency work frequency band of a frequency；Metallization via pass through medium substrate, one with metal be connected, other end is at the another side of medium substrate；Also being the ground plane of described microstrip feed line, one end of microstrip feed line is the port of antenna metal, and the other end of the conduction band of microstrip feed line strides across the high resistant line of rabbet joint and stretches a segment length to terminal, the open-end of microstrip feed line；The conduction band of microstrip feed line has two parts to constitute, and Part I conduction band is the position just having crossed over the high resistant line of rabbet joint from the port of antenna to it, and the remainder of the conduction band of microstrip feed line is Part II conduction band.
Change the thickness of medium substrate, pcrmeability and dielectric constant, the high resistant line of rabbet joint and the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance line of rabbet joint can be changed, change the height impedance ratio of the Stepped Impedance radiation line of rabbet joint, and then change the operating frequency of the low frequency operation frequency band of antenna and the operating frequency of high-frequency work frequency band.
Change the length of the low-resistance line of rabbet joint, low-resistance line of rabbet joint position in the radiation line of rabbet joint, the electrical length of the radiation line of rabbet joint can be regulated, to realize antenna miniaturization in various degree, it is also possible to change the operating frequency of the low frequency operation frequency band of antenna and the operating frequency of high-frequency work frequency band.
Change Part II conduction band length and width, thus it is possible to vary the operating frequency of antenna, working band width and radiation the line of rabbet joint electrical length.
Change the spacing of adjacent gate seam in grid slot array, the width of grid seam, grid seam short-circuit end from the distance of the radiation line of rabbet joint, thus it is possible to vary the electrical length of the operating frequency of antenna, the width of working band and the radiation line of rabbet joint.
In metallization arrays of vias, change the spacing of adjacent metal via, the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance line of rabbet joint can be regulated, change the height impedance ratio of the Stepped Impedance radiation line of rabbet joint, and then change the operating frequency of the low frequency operation frequency band of antenna and the operating frequency of high-frequency work frequency band.
Change the width of the radiation line of rabbet joint, it is possible to regulate the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance line of rabbet joint and the high resistant line of rabbet joint, change the height impedance ratio of the Stepped Impedance radiation line of rabbet joint, and then change the operating frequency of the low frequency operation frequency band of antenna and the operating frequency of high-frequency work frequency band.
In metallization arrays of vias, the spacing of adjacent metal via is less than 1/10th wavelength.
The electrical length of grid seam should not be taken at 1/4th, to avoid causing resonance radiation, causes cross-polarized rising.
The operating frequency of low frequency operation frequency band and the operating frequency of high-frequency work frequency band of three polarization slot antennas of grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance are mainly determined by the resonant frequency of the radiation line of rabbet joint, but the operating frequency of antenna and matching degree can also be adjusted by the length and width that the size on metal ground, microstrip feed line conduction band are in the radiation position of the line of rabbet joint, Part II conduction band.Owing to the radiation existing low-resistance line of rabbet joint of the line of rabbet joint has again the high resistant line of rabbet joint, constitute the radiation line of rabbet joint of Stepped Impedance, not only make antenna miniaturization, reduce cross polarization, also reduce the size on metal ground, improve isolation and reduce the occlusion effect on metal ground, and it is also possible that antenna has multiple working band, and change relative length and the impedance of the low-resistance line of rabbet joint and the high resistant line of rabbet joint, it is possible to adjust the position of two working bands respectively.The radiation line of rabbet joint is formed periodic loading by metal grid seam on the ground, makes again the radiation line of rabbet joint become periodic slow-wave structure, further reduces the electric size of antenna；Simultaneously because the direction of grid seam is vertical with the direction of the radiation line of rabbet joint, inhibit metal on the ground along the electric current in radiation line of rabbet joint direction, and make the more concentration along the remaining CURRENT DISTRIBUTION radiating line of rabbet joint direction, thus reducing cross-polarized radiation, improve the isolation between antenna port, also reduce the size on metal ground, reduce the occlusion effect on metal ground.
Beneficial effect: three polarization slot antennas of the grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance of the present invention provide the benefit that, this antenna can reduce the electric size of whole antenna, realize miniaturization, this antenna has been possible not only to multiple frequency band simultaneously, and multiple frequency band can regulate respectively, also there is the cross polarization of suppression antenna, improve and isolate between port, and reduce the effect blocked on metal ground.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is three polarization slot antenna overall structure schematic diagrams of grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance
Fig. 2 be grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance three polarization slot antennas in single polarization grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance antenna structural representation.
Figure has: the grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance antenna 13 of medium substrate 1, metal ground 2, the radiation line of rabbet joint 3, microstrip feed line 4, conduction band 5, grid seam 6, metallization via 7, the low-resistance line of rabbet joint 8, the high resistant line of rabbet joint 9, port 10, Part I conduction band 11, Part II conduction band 12 and single polarization.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment of the present invention is: three polarization slot antennas of grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance include the grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance antenna 13 of three single polarizations being mutually perpendicular to placement；The grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance antenna 13 of each single polarization includes medium substrate 1, the metal that is arranged on medium substrate 1 ground 2 and the radiation line of rabbet joint 3, microstrip feed line 4；The one side of medium substrate 1 is metal ground 2, and the another side of medium substrate 1 is the conduction band 5 of microstrip feed line 4；Having the radiation line of rabbet joint 3 on metal ground 2, the shape of the radiation line of rabbet joint 3 is rectangle, and the radiation line of rabbet joint 3 is positioned at the center on metal ground 2；On metal ground 2, the grid of a plurality of parallel gate seam 6 composition stitch 6 arrays, and the shape of grid seam 6 is rectangle, and grid seam is positioned at the surrounding of the radiation line of rabbet joint 3, and grid seam 6 is mutually perpendicular to the radiation line of rabbet joint 3；The short at one end of grid seam 6；The other end open circuit of grid seam 6, is positioned at the edge of medium substrate 1；Two terminal shortcircuits of the radiation line of rabbet joint 3；At the radiation line of rabbet joint 3 mid portion, two edges of its line of rabbet joint, there are two rows to metallize via 7 array so that the characteristic impedance step-down of the radiation line of rabbet joint 3 mid portion, form the low-resistance line of rabbet joint 8；The remainder of the radiation line of rabbet joint 7 is the high resistant line of rabbet joint 9, and the high resistant line of rabbet joint 9 constitutes Stepped Impedance together with the low-resistance line of rabbet joint 8 and radiates the line of rabbet joint 3, produces a relatively low low frequency operation frequency band of frequency and the higher high-frequency work frequency band of a frequency；Metallization via 7 passes through medium substrate 1, and one is connected with metal ground 2, and other end is at the another side of medium substrate 1；Metal ground 2 is also the ground plane of described microstrip feed line 4, and one end of microstrip feed line 4 is the port 10 of antenna, and the other end of the conduction band 5 of microstrip feed line 4 strides across the high resistant line of rabbet joint 9 and stretches a segment length to terminal, the open-end of microstrip feed line 4；The conduction band 5 of microstrip feed line has two parts to constitute, and Part I conduction band 11 is the position just having crossed over the high resistant line of rabbet joint 9 from the port 10 of antenna to it, and the remainder of the conduction band of microstrip feed line is Part II conduction band 12.
Change the thickness of medium substrate 1, pcrmeability and dielectric constant, the high resistant line of rabbet joint 9 and the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance line of rabbet joint 8 can be changed, change the height impedance ratio of the Stepped Impedance radiation line of rabbet joint 3, and then change the operating frequency of the low frequency operation frequency band of antenna and the operating frequency of high-frequency work frequency band.
Change the length of the low-resistance line of rabbet joint 8, the low-resistance line of rabbet joint 8 position in the radiation line of rabbet joint 3, the electrical length of the radiation line of rabbet joint 3 can be regulated, to realize antenna miniaturization in various degree, it is also possible to change the operating frequency of the low frequency operation frequency band of antenna and the operating frequency of high-frequency work frequency band.
Change Part II conduction band 12 length and width, thus it is possible to vary the operating frequency of antenna, working band width and radiation the line of rabbet joint 3 electrical length.
Change that grid stitch the spacing of the seam of adjacent gate in 6 arrays 6, the width of grid seam 6, grid stitch 6 short-circuit ends distance from the radiation line of rabbet joint 3, thus it is possible to vary the electrical length of the operating frequency of antenna, the width of working band and the radiation line of rabbet joint 3.
In metallization via 7 array, change the spacing of adjacent metal via 7, the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance line of rabbet joint 8 can be regulated, change the height impedance ratio of the Stepped Impedance radiation line of rabbet joint 3, and then change the operating frequency of the low frequency operation frequency band of antenna and the operating frequency of high-frequency work frequency band.
Change the width of the radiation line of rabbet joint 3, it is possible to regulate the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance line of rabbet joint 8 and the high resistant line of rabbet joint 9, change the height impedance ratio of the Stepped Impedance radiation line of rabbet joint 3, and then change the operating frequency of the low frequency operation frequency band of antenna and the operating frequency of high-frequency work frequency band.
In metallization via 7 array, the spacing of adjacent metal via 7 is less than 1/10th wavelength.
The operating frequency of low frequency operation frequency band and the operating frequency of high-frequency work frequency band of three polarization slot antennas of grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance are mainly determined by the resonant frequency of the radiation line of rabbet joint 3, but the operating frequency of antenna and matching degree can also be adjusted by the metal ground size of 2, the conduction band 5 of microstrip feed line 4 length and width in the radiation position of the line of rabbet joint 3, Part II conduction band 12.Owing to the radiation existing low-resistance line of rabbet joint 8 of the line of rabbet joint 3 has again the high resistant line of rabbet joint 9, constitute the radiation line of rabbet joint 3 of Stepped Impedance, not only make antenna miniaturization, reduce cross polarization, also reduce the size on metal ground 2, improve isolation and reduce the occlusion effect on metal ground 2, and it is also possible that antenna has multiple working band, and change the low-resistance line of rabbet joint 8 and the relative length of the high resistant line of rabbet joint 9, position and impedance, it is possible to adjust the position of two working bands respectively.The radiation line of rabbet joint 3 is formed periodic loading by the grid seam 6 on metal ground 2, makes again the radiation line of rabbet joint 3 become periodic slow-wave structure, further reduces the electric size of antenna；Simultaneously because the direction of grid seam 6 is vertical with the direction of the radiation line of rabbet joint 3, inhibit the electric current along the radiation line of rabbet joint 3 direction on metal ground 2, and make the more concentration along the remaining CURRENT DISTRIBUTION radiating the line of rabbet joint 3 direction, thus reducing cross-polarized radiation, improve the isolation between antenna port, also reduce the size on metal ground 2, reduce the occlusion effect on metal ground 2.
In technique, three polarization slot antennas of grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance both can adopt common printed circuit board (PCB) (PCB) technique, it would however also be possible to employ the integrated circuit technologies such as LTCC (LTCC) technique or CMOS, Si substrate realize.Wherein metallization via 7 can be hollow metal through hole can also be solid metal hole, and the shape of metal throuth hole can be circular, it is also possible to is square or other shapes.On manufacturing, the grid of three single polarizations seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance antenna 13 can be mutually perpendicular to by draw-in groove and be installed together, or is mutually perpendicular to by binding agent and is bonded together, or two kinds of methods use together.
In accordance with the above, the present invention can just be realized.
Claims (7)
1. three polarization slot antennas of a grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance, it is characterised in that this antenna includes grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance antenna (13) of three single polarizations being mutually perpendicular to placement；Grid seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance antenna (13) of each single polarization include medium substrate (1), the metal that is arranged on medium substrate (1) ground (2) and radiate the line of rabbet joint (3), microstrip feed line (4)；The one side of medium substrate (1) is metal ground (2), and the another side of medium substrate (1) is the conduction band (5) of microstrip feed line (4)；Having the radiation line of rabbet joint (3) on metal ground (2), the shape of the radiation line of rabbet joint (3) is rectangle, the center of the radiation line of rabbet joint (3) with being positioned at metal (2)；Grid seam (6) array that upper a plurality of parallel gate seam (6) of metal ground (2) is constituted, the shape of grid seam (6) is rectangle, grid seam is positioned at the surrounding of the radiation line of rabbet joint (3), and grid seam (6) are mutually perpendicular to the radiation line of rabbet joint (3)；The short at one end of grid seam (6)；The other end open circuit of grid seam (6), is positioned at the edge of medium substrate (1)；Two terminal shortcircuits of the radiation line of rabbet joint (3)；At the radiation line of rabbet joint (3) mid portion, two edges of its line of rabbet joint, there are two rows to metallize via (7) array so that the characteristic impedance step-down of the radiation line of rabbet joint (3) mid portion, form the low-resistance line of rabbet joint (8)；The remainder of the radiation line of rabbet joint (3) is the high resistant line of rabbet joint (9), the high resistant line of rabbet joint (9) and the low-resistance line of rabbet joint (8) constitute the Stepped Impedance radiation line of rabbet joint (3) together, produce a relatively low low frequency operation frequency band of frequency and the higher high-frequency work frequency band of a frequency；Medium substrate (1) is passed through in metallization via (7), and one is connected with metal ground (2), and other end is at the another side of medium substrate (1)；Metal ground (2) is also the ground plane of described microstrip feed line (4), one end of microstrip feed line (4) is the port (10) of antenna, the other end of the conduction band (5) of microstrip feed line (4) strides across the high resistant line of rabbet joint (9) and stretches a segment length to terminal, the open-end of microstrip feed line (4)；The conduction band (5) of microstrip feed line has two parts to constitute, Part I conduction band (11) is the position that the port (10) from antenna has just crossed over the high resistant line of rabbet joint (9) to it, and the remainder of the conduction band of microstrip feed line is Part II conduction band (12).
2. three polarization slot antennas of a kind of grid according to claim 1 seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance, it is characterized in that changing the thickness of medium substrate (1), pcrmeability and dielectric constant, the high resistant line of rabbet joint (9) and the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance line of rabbet joint (8) can be changed, change the height impedance ratio of the Stepped Impedance radiation line of rabbet joint (3), and then change the operating frequency of the low frequency operation frequency band of antenna and the operating frequency of high-frequency work frequency band.
3. three polarization slot antennas of a kind of grid according to claim 1 seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance, it is characterized in that changing the length of the low-resistance line of rabbet joint (8), the low-resistance line of rabbet joint (8) position in the radiation line of rabbet joint (3), the electrical length of the radiation line of rabbet joint (3) can be regulated, to realize antenna miniaturization in various degree, it is also possible to change the operating frequency of the low frequency operation frequency band of antenna and the operating frequency of high-frequency work frequency band.
4. three polarization slot antennas of a kind of grid according to claim 1 seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance, it is characterized in that change Part II conduction band (12) length and width, thus it is possible to vary the operating frequency of antenna, working band width and radiation the line of rabbet joint (3) electrical length.
5. three polarization slot antennas of a kind of grid according to claim 1 seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance, it is characterized in that change grid seam (6) array in adjacent gate seam the spacing of (6), grid seam the width of (6), grid seam (6) short-circuit end from radiation the line of rabbet joint (3) distance, thus it is possible to vary the operating frequency of antenna, working band width and radiation the line of rabbet joint (3) electrical length.
6. three polarization slot antennas of a kind of grid according to claim 1 seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance, it is characterized in that in metallization via (7) array, change the spacing of adjacent metal via (7), the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance line of rabbet joint (8) can be regulated, change the height impedance ratio of the Stepped Impedance radiation line of rabbet joint (3), and then change the operating frequency of the low frequency operation frequency band of antenna and the operating frequency of high-frequency work frequency band.
7. three polarization slot antennas of a kind of grid according to claim 1 seam ground metallic vias Stepped Impedance, it is characterized in that changing the width of the radiation line of rabbet joint (3), the low-resistance line of rabbet joint (8) and the characteristic impedance of the high resistant line of rabbet joint (9) can be regulated, change the height impedance ratio of the Stepped Impedance radiation line of rabbet joint (3), and then change the operating frequency of the low frequency operation frequency band of antenna and the operating frequency of high-frequency work frequency band.
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| CN201610218341.5A CN105762520A (en) | 2016-04-08 | 2016-04-08 | Grating slit ground metal via hole stepped impedance tri-polarization slot antenna |
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| CN201610218341.5A CN105762520A (en) | 2016-04-08 | 2016-04-08 | Grating slit ground metal via hole stepped impedance tri-polarization slot antenna |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104124527A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-10-29 | 南京邮电大学 | High-isolation slot antenna array |
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- 2016-04-08 CN CN201610218341.5A patent/CN105762520A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104124527A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-10-29 | 南京邮电大学 | High-isolation slot antenna array |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| SHUNLI LI等: ""Postwall Slotline and Its Application in Design of Short-Pulse Tapered Slot Antennas"", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION》 * |
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Application publication date: 20160713 |