CN105761310A - Simulated analysis and image display method of digital map of sky visible range - Google Patents
Simulated analysis and image display method of digital map of sky visible range Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulated analysis and image display method of a digital map of the sky visible range. Geographic position information of a research area is determined, 3D vector information of all buildings in the research area is obtained and stored, and gridding is used to preprocess building data by format conversion; multiple observation points are selected from the whole research area and used to scan all the buildings in the research area for 360 degree, the maximal elevation angle and the average elevation angle are calculated, and further, the average sky visible rates of all the observation points in the whole research area are calculated; if the difference between the average sky visible rate of certain observation point and that of an adjacent observation point is greater than a threshold, the observation point is checked by actual measurement, and the actual measurement value of the observation point is taken as the correct the average sky visible rate; and software ArcGIS is used to carry out interpolation operation on the average sky visible rate of all the observation points to obtain a corrected simulation graph of the sky visible range.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to urban planning technical field, for sunykatuib analysis and the method for displaying image of a kind of sky visible range numerical map.
Background technology
The research of sky visible range there are the multiple perspectives such as physical environment subject, atmospheric science field and Urban Planning Subject.The concept of sky visible range refers in the Environments in Urban Open Spaces that building encloses, the scope of people's sight line appreciable sky in one's power, it is related to the multiple impacts such as Urban spatialquality, public activity level of comfort and visual psychology expection, what sky visibility factor was used to that research affects that citizen watch sky range size can quantizing factor, refer to the ratio of sky area (A1) that observer observes in fixed position and spatial domain, whole sky (A) area, be designated as ∩；Sky shielding rate is the ratio of invisible sky area (A2) and spatial domain, whole sky (A) area, is designated as ∪ (Fig. 2).
For a long time, the Major Difficulties of the sky visible range of quantitative assessment city built environment is in that to lack suitable Visual analysis techniques.The space research of tradition sky visible range can only rest in the two dimension qualitative analyses such as Photograph image, this mode, under the day by day deep situation of current urban spatial study, exposes quantitative description scarce capacity, subjective analysis is complicated and is unfavorable for the problems such as data sharing.In-depth along with digitizing technique, scholars utilizes visual Landscape digital Platform in recent years, explore the Measurement Method of multiple sky visible range, three-dimensional modeling analytic process, flake shooting measurement method and GIS can be divided into simulate three types of calculating method from the aspect of technical method.Three kinds of methods are respectively arranged with its pluses and minuses, specific as follows:
(1) three-dimensional modeling analytic process.Advantage is that the Vector Modeling based on urban spatial database is convenient directly perceived quick, it is possible to provide the city threedimensional model of concrete image to researcher；Shortcoming is only considered the impact of spatial shape, have ignored the impact on goal in research of other factors.
(2) flake shooting measurement method.Advantage is succinct convenient, whenever and wherever possible sky view is shot thus realizing the record without interval shooting to sky；Shortcoming is limited for shooting gaze area, it is impossible to the impact on object of study of the accurate response surrounding enviroment.
(3) GIS simulates calculating method.Advantage is for can quickly obtain related data；Shortcoming is for departing to some extent with reality, and simply ideal data is likely to there is error with truth.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for above-mentioned prior art Problems existing and deficiency, it is an object of the invention to provide the sunykatuib analysis of a kind of sky visible range and method for displaying image, reduce the error that routine techniques brings, improve certainty of measurement.
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the sunykatuib analysis of a kind of sky visible range numerical map and method for displaying image, comprises the following steps:
1) determine the geographical location information of survey region, obtain and store the trivector information of whole buildings in survey region, processed by rasterizing, building is carried out the data prediction of form conversion；
2) in whole survey region, multiple observation station is chosen, by multiple observation stations, the whole buildings in survey region are carried out 360 degree of scannings, calculate maximum elevation the statistical average elevation angle, and then calculate the average sky visibility factor obtaining all observation stations in whole survey region；
3) if the difference between the average sky visibility factor of certain observation station and the average sky visibility factor of adjacent observation station exceedes threshold value, then certain observation station described carrying out actual measurement and checks, the average sky visibility factor of certain observation station described is as the criterion with measured value；
4) the average sky visibility factor utilizing the ArcGIS software all observation stations to obtaining is interpolated calculation process, obtains the sky visible range simulation drawing being corrected.
Further, step 1) described in data prediction specifically comprise the following steps that
1.1) according to the boundary information of building in trivector information, building is stored as polygon；
1.2) height of building, the elevation information H of every building building storage polygon and correspondence is calculated according to the floor height of building in trivector information and the number of plies；
1.3) processed by rasterizing, the owned building of survey region is carried out form conversion, obtains Law of DEM Data；
1.4) Law of DEM Data is carried out mask process.
Further, step 2) described by multiple observation stations, the whole buildings in survey region are carried out 360 degree of scannings, retouching line angular interval isRadian, it is necessary to carry outSecondary scanning, each observation station takes multiple scan, and proceeds to maximum elevation β in each scanning processmaxCalculate；
The computational methods of described maximum elevation are as follows: search and scan line and have a grid intersected, and by the height value Hij of described grid and position No. i, j, leave in grid [K] array；Array grid [K] is traveled through, take the height value H [K] of a building in grid every time, the distance dis [K] at the center of calculating observation point position P0 to grid grid [K], the elevation angle β [K] of each calculating observation point p0 and grid central point, computing formula is as follows: β [K]=atan (dis [K]/H [K]))；Traversal [K] array, takes maximum, as the maximum elevation β max of present scan；
The maximum elevation of whole n scannings being carried out the statistical average elevation angle, obtains the sky shielding rate of corresponding observation station P0, its formula is:
Ask poor with complete unscreened sky visibility factor 1, namely obtain the average sky visibility factor of corresponding observation station
Further, step 3) described actual measurement check, use fish eye lens camera, at the central point of the observation station that need to survey check, camera lens horizontal positioned is shot photo, shooting height is overhead human eye actual height, takes 1.5 meters, obtains circular photo；Substitute into circular photo area data with the area through gauged visible sky portion and repeat step 2) computational algorithm, it is thus achieved that the data of the average sky visibility factor through checking.
Beneficial effect: apply method of the present invention and carry out the sunykatuib analysis of sky visible range, more science, reasonability and operability, obtain comparatively succinct model intuitively, providing good technology platform for Study on Urban Space Form, also preliminary analysis and scheme optimization for urban design provide reference frame intuitively.By sampling actual measurement correction, avoid the simple error relying on operator's micro-judgment parameter to cause, save a large amount of tedious work that Traditional Man is measured, define a whole set of rigorous objective operating procedure, improve the accuracy of rendering of digital maps, reduce the error that routine techniques brings.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that sky visibility factor calculates schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is whole observation station locations drawing of area, Xin Jie Kou, Nanjing sky visibility factor simulation test；
Fig. 4 is the test block building data boundary figure of area, Xin Jie Kou, Nanjing sky visibility factor simulation test；
Data are carried out rasterizing combing in the sky visibility factor simulation test of area, Xin Jie Kou, Nanjing by Fig. 5；
Data are carried out mask process in the sky visibility factor simulation test of area, Xin Jie Kou, Nanjing by Fig. 6；
Fig. 7 is the sky visibility factor value of whole observation stations in the sky visibility factor simulation test of area, Xin Jie Kou, Nanjing；
Fig. 8 is the sky visible range simulation drawing in the sky visibility factor simulation test of area, Xin Jie Kou, Nanjing.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, it is further elucidated with the present invention, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention rather than restriction the scope of the present invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention is all fallen within the application claims limited range by those skilled in the art.
The present invention is directed to the error that the shortcoming of the analysis method of tradition sky visible range is brought, the analog analysing method of a kind of sky visible range is proposed, it is made up of following steps: determine the geographical location information of survey region, obtain and store the trivector information of whole buildings in survey region, processed by rasterizing, building is carried out the data prediction of form conversion；Multiple observation station is chosen in whole survey region, by multiple observation stations, the whole buildings in survey region are carried out 360 degree of scannings, calculate maximum elevation the statistical average elevation angle, and then calculate the average sky visibility factor obtaining all observation stations in whole survey region；If the difference between the average sky visibility factor of certain observation station and the average sky visibility factor of adjacent observation station exceedes threshold value, then certain observation station described carrying out actual measurement and checks, the average sky visibility factor of certain observation station described is as the criterion with measured value；The average sky visibility factor utilizing the ArcGIS software all observation stations to obtaining is interpolated calculation process, obtains the sky visible range simulation drawing being corrected.Apply method of the present invention and carry out the sunykatuib analysis of sky visible range, more science, reasonability and operability, obtain comparatively succinct model intuitively, provide good technology platform for Study on Urban Space Form.
It is modeled as example to explain technical scheme below with reference to center, Xin Jie Kou, Nanjing sky visible range.
(1) research range constituency with layout
Multiple observation station as object of study, is chosen in area, whole center in center, Xin Jie Kou, Nanjing by project team.Bei Zhihouzai lane, reaches Bai Xialu in the south, west to decorated archway road, to the east of the region of East Zhongshan Road, takes intersection as the data basic point of territory, face analogue measurement, forms the sky visible range analog data system of territory, face network.
(2) data prediction
Data track crossing, Xin Jie Kou, Nanjing is extracted, whole observation station position data as this sky visibility factor simulation test, totally 478 points (Fig. 3), and obtain test block building data boundary by Mapping departments, amount to 13018 polygon datas (Fig. 4), and extract the story height data of building.
According to algorithm requirement, building figure layer is carried out rasterizing process, generate building latice layer (Fig. 5) that grid granularity is 5 meters, and territory, non-building area is carried out mask process (Fig. 6)
(3) average sky visibility factor data calculate
By multiple observation stations, the whole buildings in area, center being carried out 360 degree of scannings, retouching line angular interval is(radian), it is necessary to carry outSecondary scanning, each observation station takes multiple scan, and proceeds to maximum elevation β in each scanning processmaxCalculate；
The computational methods of described maximum elevation are as follows: search and scan line and have a grid intersected, and by the height value Hij of described grid and position No. i, j, leave in grid [K] array；Array grid [K] is traveled through, take the height value H [K] of a building in grid every time, the distance dis [K] at the center of calculating observation point position P0 to grid grid [K], the elevation angle β [K] of each calculating observation point p0 and grid central point, computing formula is as follows: β [K]=atan (dis [K]/H [K]))；Traversal [K] array, takes maximum, as the maximum elevation β max of present scan；
The maximum elevation of whole n scannings being carried out the statistical average elevation angle, obtains the sky shielding rate of corresponding observation station P0, its formula is:
Ask poor with complete unscreened sky visibility factor 1, namely obtain the average sky visibility factor of corresponding observation station
By multiple observation stations, the whole buildings in area, center are carried out 360 degree of scannings, calculate maximum elevation the statistical average elevation angle, and then calculate the average sky visibility factor obtaining all observation stations in whole survey region.
According to sky visibility factor algorithm, having write correlation computations program, hardware environment is as follows:
| CPU frequency (Intel) | Internal memory | The rotation speed of hard disk |
| 2.6GHZ | 2G | 7200 |
The single observation station calculating time is about 3.3 seconds, calculates sky visibility factor value (Fig. 7) obtaining at 478.
(4) sky visibility factor key point is checked
If the difference between the average sky visibility factor of certain observation station and the average sky visibility factor of adjacent observation station exceedes threshold value, then certain observation station described carrying out actual measurement and checks, the average sky visibility factor of certain observation station described is as the criterion with measured value.
Described actual measurement is checked, and uses fish eye lens camera, at the central point of the observation station that need to survey check, camera lens horizontal positioned is shot photo, and shooting height is overhead human eye actual height, takes 1.5-1.6 rice, obtains circular photo；Substitute into circular photo area data with the area through gauged visible sky portion and repeat step 2) computational algorithm, it is thus achieved that the average sky visibility factor data through checking.
(5) GIS data processes and generates with image
Use and calculate sky visibility factor data through gauged Data duplication, calculate the sky visibility factor value obtained through checking.
Utilize ArcGIS software that territory, gained face analog data is processed, form face numeric field data wave pattern (Fig. 8) that the sky visible range simulation of area, Xin Jie Kou calculates.
Claims (4)
1. the sunykatuib analysis of a sky visible range numerical map and method for displaying image, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) determine the geographical location information of survey region, obtain and store the trivector information of whole buildings in survey region, processed by rasterizing, building is carried out the data prediction of form conversion；
2) in whole survey region, multiple observation station is chosen, by multiple observation stations, the whole buildings in survey region are carried out 360 degree of scannings, calculate maximum elevation the statistical average elevation angle, and then calculate the average sky visibility factor obtaining all observation stations in whole survey region；
3) if the difference between the average sky visibility factor of certain observation station and the average sky visibility factor of adjacent observation station exceedes threshold value, then certain observation station described carrying out actual measurement and checks, the average sky visibility factor of certain observation station described is as the criterion with measured value；
4) the average sky visibility factor data utilizing the ArcGIS software all observation stations to obtaining are interpolated calculation process, obtain the sky visible range simulation drawing being corrected.
2. the sunykatuib analysis of a kind of sky visible range numerical map according to claim 1 and method for displaying image, it is characterised in that step 1) described in data prediction specifically comprise the following steps that
1.1) according to the boundary information of building in trivector information, building is stored as polygon；
1.2) height of building, the elevation information H of every building building storage polygon and correspondence is calculated according to the floor height of building in trivector information and the number of plies；
1.3) processed by rasterizing, the owned building of survey region is carried out form conversion, obtains Law of DEM Data；
1.4) Law of DEM Data is carried out mask process.
3. the sunykatuib analysis of a kind of sky visible range numerical map according to claim 2 and method for displaying image, it is characterised in that step 2) described by multiple observation stations, the whole buildings in survey region are carried out 360 degree of scannings, retouching line angular interval isRadian, it is necessary to carry outSecondary scanning, each observation station takes multiple scan, and proceeds to maximum elevation β in each scanning processmaxCalculate；
The computational methods of described maximum elevation are as follows: search and scan line and have a grid intersected, and by the height value Hij of described grid and position No. i, j, leave in grid [K] array；Array grid [K] is traveled through, take the height value H [K] of a building in grid every time, the distance dis [K] at the center of calculating observation point position P0 to grid grid [K], the elevation angle β [K] of each calculating observation point p0 and grid central point, computing formula is as follows: β [K]=atan (dis [K]/H [K]))；Traversal [K] array, takes maximum, as the maximum elevation β of present scanmax；
The maximum elevation of whole n scannings being carried out the statistical average elevation angle, obtains the sky shielding rate of corresponding observation station P0, its formula is:
Ask poor with complete unscreened sky visibility factor 1, namely obtain the average sky visibility factor ∩=1-∪=1-of corresponding observation station
4. the sunykatuib analysis of a kind of sky visible range numerical map according to claim 3 and method for displaying image, it is characterized in that, step 3) described actual measurement check, use fish eye lens camera, at the central point of the observation station that need to survey check, camera lens horizontal positioned is shot photo, shooting height is overhead human eye actual height, take 1.5-1.6 rice, obtain circular photo；Substitute into circular photo area data with the area through gauged visible sky portion and repeat step 2) computational algorithm, it is thus achieved that the data of the average sky visibility factor through checking.
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| WO2020192355A1 (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | 东南大学 | Method and system for measuring urban mountain viewing visible range |
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| CN113379914A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-09-10 | 中煤航测遥感集团有限公司 | Generation method and device of visual corridor analysis chart and computer equipment |
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| CN108959347B (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2021-03-09 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Aurora observation candidate region determination method based on terrain and night light data |
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| CN111311725B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2023-06-13 | 星际空间（天津）科技发展有限公司 | Visual field analysis method for building |
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| WO2020192026A1 (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | 东南大学 | Measurement method and system for urban mountain-viewing visible range |
| US11960012B2 (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2024-04-16 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Positioning method and electronic device |
| WO2021074619A1 (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-22 | Cambium Networks Limited | Apparatus and method for determining a preferred location for installation of a radio transceiver |
| US11601912B2 (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2023-03-07 | Cambium Networks Ltd | Apparatus and method for determining a preferred location for installation of a radio transceiver |
| US11979850B2 (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2024-05-07 | Cambium Networks Ltd | Apparatus and method for determining a preferred location for installation of a radio transceiver |
| CN112084916A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-15 | 东南大学 | Automatic generation and diagnosis method for urban three-dimensional skyline contour line based on shielding rate |
| CN113256806A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-13 | 昆明理工大学 | Urban road sky visible field mass data optimization processing method |
| CN113379914A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-09-10 | 中煤航测遥感集团有限公司 | Generation method and device of visual corridor analysis chart and computer equipment |
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