CN105760688A - Method for determining celestial body position or spherical target position by longitude and latitude assumption method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for determining a celestial body position or a spherical target position by a longitude and latitude assumption method. The method for determining the celestial body position or the spherical target position by the longitude and latitude assumption method comprises the following steps: observing the azimuth of an unknown celestial body or a spherical target at the known position; calculating the longitude (or latitude) near the celestial body or the spherical target position in an assumption manner, calculating the astronomical triangle to obtain the corresponding latitude (or longitude), and carrying out twice calculation to obtain two points, connecting the two points to obtain a cord of an equal-azimuth angle position line as an observation azimuth position line; and observing the azimuth of the same celestial body or spherical target in a different place to obtain another observation azimuth position line and intersecting the two observation azimuth position lines to obtain the position of the celestial body position or the spherical target position. Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effect that according to the method for determining the celestial body position or the spherical target position by the longitude and latitude assumption method, a novel method is provided for determining the celestial body position or the spherical target position.

Description

By the method assuming that longitude and latitude method measures position of heavenly body or sphere target location

Technical field

The present invention relates to the method measuring position of heavenly body or sphere target location, especially a kind of method assuming that longitude and latitude method measures position of heavenly body or sphere target location.

Background technology

It is meridian method that tradition measures the method for position of heavenly body, and on celestial body, lower transit measures through observer's meridian.Meridian method measures position of heavenly body, is measure celestial body apex distance transit time at celestial body, solves to obtain declination according to celestial body apex distance and latitude of an observer, obtain right ascension of a celestial body according between celestial body transit time.Referring to " uranometry method " Li Dongming, inscription on ancient bronze objects is respected, and the summer one flies to wait work, Beijing. China Science Tech Publishing House .2006.8, P7-8.

Meridian method measures position of heavenly body, can only measure on transit time, and gauger position and the celestial body that can measure are affected by restriction；Atmospheric refraction etc. also can affect declination certainty of measurement.Referring to the works such as " meridian astronomy method " Mao Wei, Beijing. Science Press .1987.7, P24-28.

The method of radio direction finding, is at two places or the azimuth how measuring same target, intersects by two or more pieces rhumb line and determines aiming spot.Edit referring to " radio monitoring and DF and location " Zhang Hongshun, Wang Lei, Xi'an. publishing house of Xian Electronics Science and Technology University .2011.11, P128-129.

Radio direction finding, observes the azimuth obtained and to use great circle correction to correct when observed object is distant, the target location obtained still inaccuracy, and increases along with target range increases error.Referring to " marine radio direction finding " Ba Yilaxie Paderewski work, Zhang Enyu, Qiu Wukui closes and translates, Beijing. People's Transportation Press .1954.9, P46-49.

In statement traditionally, celestial body position habit declination and right ascension or sidereal hour angle on celestial sphere represent, tellurian position habit latitude and longitude represent, are expression spherical surface position mode in different coordinates in fact, and each amount is relevant and can be obtained by Coordinate Conversion；In the present invention, when asking for position of heavenly body, it is assumed that be declination or Greenwich hour angle, i.e. the geographical position of celestial body；When asking for sphere target location, it is assumed that be target latitude or longitude；Statement symbol is different traditionally for the two, but principle and computing formula are identical, and in order to avoid obscuring in application, the two is listed by spy respectively；Assume that longitude and latitude method can also apply to determine survey person position, previously patent application: employ, in Li Qing woods ZL201510626730.7 " method with assuming longitude and latitude method observation celestial body location " 2015.09.29, the title assuming longitude and latitude method, therefore still continue to use existing title, unitedly calling the method is assume longitude and latitude method.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the problems referred to above, propose at this by the method assuming that longitude and latitude method measures position of heavenly body or sphere target location.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: in the orientation of the unknown celestial body of known location observation or sphere target to determine celestial body or the position of sphere target, by the method assuming to calculate the longitude (or latitude) near celestial body or sphere target location, by resolving parallactic triangle, calculate the latitude (or longitude) obtaining correspondence, twice calculating obtains two points, connects 2 strings of a musical instrument obtaining the isoazimuth position line as the observed bearing position line；Strange land is observed the orientation of same celestial body or sphere target and is obtained another observed bearing position line, and two observed bearing cuts obtain the position of observation celestial body or sphere target, and principle is as shown in Figure 1.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: propose the method assuming that longitude and latitude method measures position of heavenly body or sphere target location, provide a kind of new method for measuring position of heavenly body or sphere target location.With assuming that longitude and latitude method measures the position of celestial body, any time and place, it is possible to observation celestial body azimuth can measure position of heavenly body, and observation time is no longer only limitted between celestial body transit time, and survey person position and observation celestial body are also no longer restricted；Sphere target location is determined in the observed object orientation such as radio direction finding, it is no longer necessary to carry out great circle correction, uses observation directly calculation to obtain sphere target location, and accuracy of observation is no longer by distance limit.

The present invention assumes that the method for longitude and latitude method mensuration position of heavenly body or sphere target location can also apply to the field such as satellite fix and navigation, geodesic survey and earth mapping equally.

Terrestrial sphere model used herein, if needing higher precision, it is necessary to uses the model that degree of accuracy is higher, uses earth ellipsoid body Model instead ball spherosome model, it is possible to obtain more accurate result of calculation.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is: assume that longitude and latitude method measures position of heavenly body or sphere target location schematic diagram.

Fig. 2 is: each corner graph of a relation in parallactic triangle.

Fig. 3 is: measure position of heavenly body flow diagram 1.

Fig. 4 is: measure position of heavenly body flow diagram 2.

Fig. 5 is: measure sphere target location flow diagram.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.

Detailed description of the invention 1, at the true bearing A of the unknown celestial body of known location (Lat/Long) observation, it is assumed that Greenwich hour angle 1 is GHA1, obtains local hour angleIn parallactic triangle, as shown in Figure 2: known colatitude (90 ° of-Lat), azimuth A and local hour angle LHA three elements, four element equations deformation are used to solve remaining from (90 ° of-Dec):

Or

$\tan Dec=\frac{\cot A*\sin LHA+\cos LHA*\sin Lat}{\cos Lat}$

Resolving obtains remaining from (90 ° of-Dec), obtains calculating declination Dec1；

Assuming again that Greenwich hour angle 2 is for GHA2, same resolving obtains calculating declination Dec2；

Cross position 1 (Dec1, GHA1) and position 2 (Dec2, GHA2) to do line and obtain the string of a musical instrument of the isoazimuth position line as the observed bearing position line；

The orientation of same celestial body is observed in strange land, obtains another observed bearing position line, and two observed bearing cuts obtain the position of observation celestial body.

Detailed description of the invention 2, at the true bearing A of the unknown celestial body of known location (Lat/Long) observation, it is assumed that declination 1 is Dec1, obtains remaining from (90 ° of-Dec)；In parallactic triangle, as shown in Figure 2: known remaining from (90 ° of-Dec), colatitude (90 ° of-Lat) and azimuth A three elements, sine formula is used to solve angle, position of heavenly body X:

After solving angle, position of heavenly body X, Napier formula deformation is used to solve local hour angle LHA:

Resolving obtains Local time angle of a heavenly body LHA, obtains calculating Greenwich hour angle GHA1；

Assuming again that declination 2 is for Dec2, same resolving obtains calculating Greenwich hour angle GHA2；

Cross position 1 (Dec1, GHA1) and position 2 (Dec2, GHA2) to do line and obtain the string of a musical instrument of the isoazimuth position line as the observed bearing position line；

The orientation of same celestial body is observed in strange land, obtains another observed bearing position line, and two observed bearing cuts obtain the position of observation celestial body.

Detailed description of the invention 3, at the true bearing A of the unknown sphere target of known location (Lat/Long) observation, it is assumed that sphere target longitude 1 is LongO1, obtains two places through difference In parallactic triangle, as shown in Figure 2: known colatitude (90 ° of-Lat), azimuth A and two places, through difference LHA three elements, use four element equations deformation to solve remaining from (90 ° of-LatO):

Or

$\tan LatO=\frac{\cot A*\sin LHA+\cos LHA*\sin Lat}{\cos Lat}$

Resolving obtains remaining from (90 ° of-LatO), obtains calculating latitude LatO1；

Assuming again that sphere target longitude 2 is for LongO2, same resolving obtains calculating latitude LatO2；

Cross position 1 (LatO1, LongO1) and position 2 (LatO2, LongO2) to do line and obtain the string of a musical instrument of the isoazimuth position line as the observed bearing position line；

The orientation of same sphere target is observed in strange land, obtains another observed bearing position line, and two observed bearing cuts obtain the position of observation sphere target.

Detailed description of the invention 4, at the true bearing A of the unknown sphere target of known location (Lat/Long) observation, it is assumed that sphere target latitude 1 is LatO1, obtains remaining from (90 ° of-LatO1)；In parallactic triangle, as shown in Figure 2: known remaining from (90 ° of-LatO), colatitude (90 ° of-Lat) and azimuth A three elements, sine formula is used to solve sphere target location angle X:

After solving sphere target location angle X, Napier formula deformation is used to solve two places through difference LHA:

Resolving obtains two places through difference LHA, obtains calculating longitude LongO1；

Assuming again that sphere target latitude 2 is for LatO2, same resolving obtains calculating longitude LongO2；

Cross position 1 (LatO1, LongO1) and position 2 (LatO2, LongO2) to do line and obtain the string of a musical instrument of the isoazimuth position line as the observed bearing position line；

The orientation of same sphere target is observed in strange land, obtains another observed bearing position line, and two observed bearing cuts obtain the position of observation sphere target.

Numerical symbol conversion and naming rule in formula: above-mentioned parallactic triangle is Euler's spherical triangle, participate in value of calculation span [0-180 °] in formula；

1) latitude Lat perseverance is on the occasion of+(no matter north latitude or south latitude), span [N/S0-90 °]；

2) longitude Long participates in when asking for local hour angle LHA and Greenwich hour angle GHA, east longitude E take on the occasion of+, west longitude W take negative value-, span [E/W0-180 °]；

3) Greenwich hour angle GHA, the first point of Aries Greenwich hour angle GHA Υ and sidereal hour angle SHA perseverance be on the occasion of+, span [0-360 °]；

4) observation true bearing A take semicircle orientation, perseverance take on the occasion of+, span [N/S//E/W0-180 °]；Circumferential orientation is converted to semicircle orientation rule: at north latitude, 0-180 ° with initial value called after NE, 180 °-360 ° with (360 ° of-A) called after NW；At south latitude, 0-180 ° with (180 ° of-A) called after SE, 180 °-360 ° with (A-180 °) called after SW；

5) assume declination Dec and latitude Lat of the same name take on the occasion of+, different name take negative value-, span [N/S0-90 °]；

6) resolve declination Dec on the occasion of+, take of the same name with latitude of an observer Lat, negative value-take and latitude of an observer different name, span [N/S0-90 °]；

7) local hour angle LHA takes semicircle hour angle, perseverance take on the occasion of+, span [E/W0-180 °]；Local hour angle LHA subtracts equal to Greenwich hour angle GHA (or sidereal hour angle SHA and the first point of Aries Greenwich hour angle GHA Υ) and longitude Dong Jiaxi,Circumference hour angle is converted to semicircle hour angle rule: takes initial value for west to hour angle W during less than 180 °, is that east orientation hour angle E takes (360 ° of-LHA) during more than 180 °；

8) resolve local hour angle LHA is semicircle hour angle, perseverance be on the occasion of+, span [E/W0-180 °], name weighs semicircle orientation the second title E/W；Semicircle hour angle is converted to circumference hour angle rule: west takes initial value to hour angle W, and east orientation hour angle E takes (360 ° of-LHA)；Calculate Greenwich hour angleCalculate sidereal hour angle SHA=GHA-GHA Υ；

9) sphere goal hypothesis latitude LatO processing rule is with declination Dec；Sphere goal hypothesis longitude LongO is converted to three figure method and represents, west longitude W takes initial value, and east longitude E takes (360 ° of-LongO), and span [0-360 °], processing rule is with Greenwich hour angle GHA；

10) resolve sphere target calculate longitude LongO three figure method be converted to semicircle representation, be that west longitude W takes initial value during less than 180 °, be that east longitude E takes (360 ° of-LHA) during more than 180 °.

In formula, the judgement of sinusoidal calculations solution and special angle process: because employing sine formula when solving celestial body or sphere target location angle X by chosen latitude method, the unknown is resolved with sine formula, according to different condition, a solution or two solutions can be had or without situation about solving, it is necessary to solution is made a determination；Mathematically judging to need to compare the size of each element value in parallactic triangle, mensuration position of heavenly body or sphere target location can simplify does following judgement:

1) for solving celestial body or sphere target location angle X by chosen latitude method, if there is another to solve, its value is (180 ° of-X), it is all real for being likely on the isoazimuth position line two solutions, but only one of which is our demand solution, two LHA can be calculated according to two X in this case, calculate and obtain two GHA or LongO, it is our demand solution close to what calculate position of heavenly body or sphere target location, casts out another one；

2) if observation true azimuth is 0 ° or 180 °, apex distance, remaining from colatitude three line overlap, Local time angle of a heavenly body is equal to 0 °, celestial body Greenwich hour angle can solve with survey person's longitude, declination Dec can with apex distance (90 ° of-h) and latitude of an observer Lat's and or difference obtain, be the meridian method measuring position of heavenly body use before this；When declination is equal to 90 °, celestial body projected position overlaps with limit, if being north latitude N, only at north latitude this celestial body visible, any longitude is observed this star azimuth and is 0 °, and observation height is equal to latitude of an observer；If being south latitude S, only at south latitude this celestial body visible, any longitude is observed this star azimuth and is 180 °, and observation height is equal to latitude of an observer；Polaris declination is close to N90 °, it is possible to real north is determined in the orientation of observation Polaris, and observation Polaris height tries to achieve latitude of an observer.

Concrete calculated example 1, December in 1998 1800LT (1000GMT) on the 20th, calculate (DecN45 ° 55 '-46 ° 05 ', Capella Capella position of heavenly body, SHA280 ° 45 '-55 '), survey person, in N38 ° 28 ' 12, position "/E121 ° 55 ' 30 ", observes Capella Capella true bearing 55 ° 00 ' 01 "；According to the time, obtain Greenwich hour angle GHA Υ 238 ° 47 ' 12 in the first point of Aries "; Greenwich hour angle GHA=GHA Υ+SHA=238 ° 47 ' 12 "+280 ° 45 '-55 '=159 ° 32 ' 12 "-42 ' 12 ", assume that Greenwich hour angle 1 is for GHA1=159 ° 30 ', obtain local hour angle LHA=GHA+LongE=159 ° 30 '+121 ° 55 ' 30 "=281 ° 25 ' 30 "=E78 ° 34 ' 30 "；In parallactic triangle, as shown in Figure 2: known colatitude (90 ° of-Lat)=90 °-38 ° 28 ' 12 "=51 ° 31 ' 48 ", A=NE55 ° 00 ' 01 of azimuth " and local hour angle LHA=E78 ° 34 ' 30 " three elements, use four element equations deformation to solve remaining from (90 ° of-Dec):

Resolving obtains remaining from (90 ° of-Dec)=44 ° 02 ' 32 ", obtain calculating declination Dec1=N45 ° 57 ' 28 "；

Assuming again that Greenwich hour angle 2 is for GHA2=159 ° 45 ', same resolving obtains calculating declination Dec2=N46 ° 01 ' 48 "；

Crossing position 1 (N45 ° 57 ' 28 ", 159 ° 30 ') and position 2 (N46 ° 01 ' 48 ", 159 ° 45 ') to do line and obtain an observed bearing position line, positioning operation is Fig. 3 such as；

December in 1998 1800LT (1000GMT) on the 20th, survey person, in N18 ° 18 ' 12, position "/E113 ° 11 ' 18 ", observes Capella Capella true bearing 45 ° 54 ' 38 "；Assume that Greenwich hour angle 1 is for GHA1=159 ° 30 ', resolve and obtain calculating declination Dec1=N45 ° 58 ' 40 ", it is further assumed that Greenwich hour angle 2 is GHA2=159 ° 45 ', and same resolving obtains calculating declination Dec2=N46 ° 00 ' 41 "；

Cross position 1 (N45 ° 58 ' 40 "; 159 ° 30 ') and position 2 (N46 ° 00 ' 41 ", 159 ° 45 ') do line and obtain another observed bearing position line, two observed bearing cuts obtain observation subcelestial point (DecN45 ° 59 ' 42 "; GHA159 ° 37 ' 42 "), positioning operation is Fig. 3 such as；

Greenwich hour angle can be converted to sidereal hour angle SHA=GHA-GHA Υ=159 ° 37 ' 42 "-238 ° 47 ' 12 "=280 ° 50 ' 30 "；I.e. December in 1998 1800LT (1000GMT) on the 20th, and Capella Capella observation position (DecN45 ° 59 ' 42 ", SHA280 ° 50 ' 30 ").

Concrete calculated example 2, December in 1998 0900LT (0100GMT) on the 20th, reckoning sun Sun position (DecS23 ° 20 '-30 ', GHA195 ° 35 '-45 '), survey person, in N38 ° 28 ' 12, position "/E121 ° 55 ' 30 ", observes sun Sun true bearing 139 ° 49 ' 26 "；Assume that declination 1 is for Dec1=S23 ° 20 ', obtain remaining from (90 ° of-Dec)=(90 °--23 ° 20 ')=113 ° 20 '；In parallactic triangle, as shown in Figure 2: known remaining from (90 ° of-Dec)=113 ° 20 ', colatitude (90 ° of-Lat)=(90 °-38 ° 28 ' 12 ")=51 ° 31 ' 48 " and A=NE139 ° 49 ' 26 of azimuth " three elements, use sine formula to solve angle, position of heavenly body X:

Solve angle, position of heavenly body X=33 ° 22 ' 23 after " or X=146 ° 37 ' 37 ", use Napier formula deformation to solve local hour angle LHA:

Or

Resolving obtains Local time angle of a heavenly body LHA=E42 ° 20 ' 04 "=317 ° 39 ' 56 " or LHA=E193 ° 05 ' 21 "=166 ° 54 ' 39 ", obtain calculating Greenwich hour angle GHA1=LHA-LongE=317 ° 39 ' 56 "-121 ° 55 ' 30 "=195 ° 44 ' 26 " or GHA1=LHA-LongE=166 ° 54 ' 39 "-121 ° 55 ' 30 "=44 ° 59 ' 09 " (according to calculating position of heavenly body, cast out this and solve)；

Assuming again that declination 2 is for Dec2=S23 ° 30 ', same resolving obtains calculating Greenwich hour angle GHA2=195 ° 37 ' 15 "；

(S23 ° 20 ', (S23 ° 30 ', 195 ° 37 ' 15 ") is done line and is obtained an observed bearing position line, and positioning operation is Fig. 4 such as in 195 ° 44 ' 26 ") and position 2 to cross position 1；

December in 1998 0900LT (0100GMT) on the 20th, survey person, in N18 ° 18 ' 12, position "/E113 ° 11 ' 18 ", observes sun Sun true bearing 127 ° 59 ' 59 "；Assume that declination 1 is for Dec1=S23 ° 20 ', resolve and obtain calculating Greenwich hour angle GHA1=195 ° 48 ' 41 "；Assuming again that declination 2 is for Dec2=S23 ° 30 ', same resolving obtains calculating Greenwich hour angle GHA2=195 ° 33 ' 20 "；

Cross 1 (S23 ° 20 ', position, 195 ° 48 ' 41 ") and position 2 (S23 ° 30 '; 195 ° 33 ' 20 ") is done line and obtained another observed bearing position line, two observed bearing cuts obtain observation subcelestial point (DecS23 ° 25 ' 12 "; GHA195 ° 40 ' 43 "), positioning operation is Fig. 4 such as；

I.e. December in 1998 0900LT (0100GMT) on the 20th, and sun Sun observation position (DecS23 ° 25 ' 12 ", GHA195 ° 40 ' 43 ").

Concrete calculated example 3, signal source DR position (N21 °-21 ° 30 ', E158 °-159 °), in N18 ° 18 ' 12, position "/E113 ° 11 ' 18 ", measure 78 ° of .0526 of signal true bearing；Assume that sphere target longitude 1 is converted to three figure method for LongO1=E158 ° and represents 202 °, obtain two places through difference LHA=202 °+113 ° 11 ' 18 "=315 ° 11 ' 18 "=E44 ° 48 ' 42 "; in parallactic triangle; as shown in Figure 2: known colatitude (90 ° of-Lat)=90 °-18 ° 18 ' 12 "=71 ° 41 ' 48 "; A=NE78 ° of azimuth .0526 and two places are through difference LHA=E44 ° 48 ' 42 " three elements, use four element equations deformation to solve remaining from (90 ° of-LatO):

Resolving obtains remaining from (90 ° of-LatO)=68 ° 36 ' 27 ", obtain calculating latitude LatO1=N21 ° 23 ' 33 "；

Assuming again that sphere target longitude 2 is for LongO2=159 °, same resolving obtains calculating latitude LatO2=21 ° 19 ' 28 "；

Crossing position 1 (N21 ° 23 ' 33 ", E158 °) and position 2 (21 ° 19 ' 28 ", E159 °) to do line and obtain an observed bearing position line, positioning operation is Fig. 5 such as.

Concrete calculated example 4, signal source DR position (N21 °-21 ° 30 ', E158 °-159 °), in N38 ° 28 ' 12, position "/E121 ° 55 ' 30 ", measure 107 ° of .8677 of signal true bearing；Assume that sphere target latitude 1 is for LatO1=N21 °, obtain remaining from (90 ° of-LatO1)=(90 °-21 °)=69 °；In parallactic triangle, as shown in Figure 2: known remaining from (90 ° of-LatO)=69 °, colatitude (90 ° of-Lat)=(90 °-38 ° 28 ' 12 ")=51 ° 31 ' 48 " and A=NE107 ° of azimuth .8677 three elements, use sine formula to solve sphere target location angle X:

Solve angle, sphere target location X=52 ° 57 ' 26 after " or X=127 ° 02 ' 34 ", use Napier formula deformation to solve two places through difference LHA:

Or

Resolving obtains two places through difference LHA=E37 ° 12 ' 26 "=322 ° 47 ' 34 " or LHA=E268 ° 00 ' 26 "=91 ° 59 ' 34 ", obtain calculating longitude LongO1=LHA-LongE=322 ° 47 ' 34 "-121 ° 55 ' 30 "=200 ° 52 ' 04 "=E159 ° 07 ' 56 " or LongO1=LHA-LongE=91 ° 59 ' 34 "-121 ° 55 ' 30 "=330 ° 04 ' 04 "=E29 ° 55 ' 56 " (according to calculating sphere target location, cast out this and solve)；

Assuming again that sphere target latitude 2 is for LatO2=N21 ° 30 ', same resolving obtains calculating longitude LongO2=E158 ° 25 ' 05 "；

(N21 °, (N21 ° 30 ', E158 ° 25 ' 05 ") is done line and is obtained another observed bearing position line, and positioning operation is Fig. 5 such as in E159 ° 07 ' 56 ") and position 2 to cross position 1；

The observed bearing cut of this example observed bearing position line and [0026] specifically calculated example 3 obtains observation sphere target location (LatN21 ° 21 ', LongE158 ° 38 '), and positioning operation is Fig. 5 such as.

Assume that longitude and latitude method measures position of heavenly body or sphere target location application notice: assume that longitude and latitude method measures position of heavenly body or sphere target location, essence is by assuming that longitude (or latitude) has calculated two points on celestial body or the sphere target isoazimuth position line, replace the isoazimuth position line as the observed bearing position line with the string of a musical instrument of the lines of 2 and the isoazimuth position line, it is noted that following item during use:

1) chosen longitude (or latitude) preferably distance calculates that position of heavenly body or sphere target location are not wanted too remote；Generally assume that a chosen longitude (or latitude) bigger than reckoning position of heavenly body or sphere target location longitude (or latitude), assuming again that one than calculating that the little chosen longitude (or latitude) in position of heavenly body or sphere target location longitude (or latitude) calculates, perfect condition is position of heavenly body or sphere target location is assumed at two and calculated in the middle of position；

2) the isoazimuth position line of celestial body or sphere target is typically all curve, its string of a musical instrument is used to replace being really the isoazimuth position line of curve, always there is certain error, if error is bigger after mapping, when two orientation or multi-faceted location, line can not intersect, then need one chosen longitude (or latitude) of reselection on line extending direction, calculate the latitude (or longitude) obtaining correspondence, connect by the 3rd point or more points and depict the longer isoazimuth position line, to obtain observation position of heavenly body or sphere target location；

3) in calculating, the spacing of twice chosen longitude (or latitude) is more little, distance between 2 is more short, closer to the true isoazimuth position line, the selection of its size is relevant with the degree of accuracy of observed bearing, the degree of accuracy of observed bearing is more high, it is more little that the spacing of chosen longitude (or latitude) can select, on the contrary should select more big；In radio direction finding practical application, DR position without sphere target, need first to assume two or more points that spacing is bigger, depict the longer isoazimuth position line, the crossing position that obtains of two position line by bearing of strange land observation, as sphere target DR position, calculates the exact position obtaining sphere target again；

4) chosen longitude method and chosen latitude method can calculate the celestial body in any observed direction or sphere target, and two kinds of computational methods calculate that process is different but result of calculation is identical；For the convenience on mapping, for deflection south and north celestial body upwards or sphere target, can prioritizing selection chosen latitude method；For deflection east and west celestial body upwards or sphere target, can prioritizing selection chosen longitude method；The direction of the isoazimuth position line is not necessarily consistent with observed bearing line direction, if finding the method mapping inconvenience selected in mapping, it is possible to select another kind of method to calculate；

5) observation mensuration position of heavenly body, celestial body azimuth, even if survey person's invariant position, the position of celestial body survey person relatively is also moment change, measure position of heavenly body needs strange land to observe same true azimuth of celestial body simultaneously, shifting line location is done in non-concurrent observation after needing to obtain observation position line, or conversion coordinate system position of heavenly body declination and right ascension or sidereal hour angle represent and remake figure location；Determining sphere target location for measuring target bearing, if to obtain target bearing constant in observation, then target location has two kinds of situations, one, target location constant；Two, target moves along the isoazimuth position line；Same sphere target, strange land observation obtains both constant, and unequal and difference is not the azimuth of 180 °, just can determine that sphere target location is constant；If target moves, measuring sphere target location needs observed object orientation simultaneously, strange land, if target location is constant without observing simultaneously；

6), compared with observation mensuration position of heavenly body, celestial body azimuth measures position of heavenly body with observation altitude of the heavenly body, not by the impact of atmospheric density vertical change, low clearance celestial body can be observed in observation mensuration position of heavenly body, celestial body azimuth；Generally think that atmospheric density is uniform in the horizontal direction of observation position, atmospheric refraction occurs in same vertical, the measurement of celestial body azimuth is not affected, at ground observation, under the accuracy of observation identical with orientation to height, the position of heavenly body data that observation celestial body azimuth measures are better than the position of heavenly body data that observed altitude measures.

Claims (7)

1. the method measuring position of heavenly body or sphere target location by hypothesis longitude and latitude method, celestial body or the position of sphere target is measured in the orientation of the unknown celestial body of known location observation or sphere target, it is characterized in that: by the method assuming to calculate the longitude (or latitude) near celestial body or sphere target location, by resolving parallactic triangle, calculate the latitude (or longitude) obtaining correspondence, twice calculating obtains two points, connects 2 strings of a musical instrument obtaining the isoazimuth position line as the observed bearing position line；Strange land is observed the orientation of same celestial body or sphere target and is obtained another observed bearing position line, and two observed bearing cuts obtain the position of observation celestial body or sphere target.

2. a kind of method assuming that longitude and latitude method measures position of heavenly body according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the orientation of the unknown celestial body of known location observation, assume a Greenwich hour angle (or declination) calculated near position of heavenly body, by resolving parallactic triangle, calculate and obtain a corresponding declination (or Greenwich hour angle)；Assume again that another Greenwich hour angle (or declination), by resolving parallactic triangle, calculate the declination (or Greenwich hour angle) obtaining another correspondence；Connect twice and assume that 2 strings of a musical instrument obtaining the isoazimuth position line of Greenwich hour angle (or declination) and calculating declination (or Greenwich hour angle) are as the observed bearing position line；The orientation of same celestial body is observed in strange land, obtains another observed bearing position line, and two observed bearing cuts obtain the position of observation celestial body.

3. a kind of method assuming that longitude and latitude method measures position of heavenly body according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: at the true bearing A of the unknown celestial body of known location (Lat/Long) observation, it is assumed that Greenwich hour angle 1 is GHA1, obtains local hour angleIn parallactic triangle: known colatitude (90 ° of-Lat), azimuth A and local hour angle LHA three elements, four element equations deformation are used to solve remaining from (90 ° of-Dec):

Or

$\tan Dec=\frac{\cot A*\sin LHA+\cos LHA*\sin Lat}{\cos Lat}$

Resolving obtains remaining from (90 ° of-Dec), obtains calculating declination Dec1；

Assuming again that Greenwich hour angle 2 is for GHA2, same resolving obtains calculating declination Dec2；

Cross position 1 (Dec1, GHA1) and position 2 (Dec2, GHA2) to do line and obtain the string of a musical instrument of the isoazimuth position line as the observed bearing position line；

The orientation of same celestial body is observed in strange land, obtains another observed bearing position line, and two observed bearing cuts obtain the position of observation celestial body.

4. a kind of method assuming that longitude and latitude method measures position of heavenly body according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: at the true bearing A of the unknown celestial body of known location (Lat/Long) observation, assume that declination 1 is for Dec1, obtain remaining from (90 ° of-Dec)；In parallactic triangle: known remaining from (90 ° of-Dec), colatitude (90 ° of-Lat) and azimuth A three elements, sine formula is used to solve angle, position of heavenly body X:

After solving angle, position of heavenly body X, Napier formula deformation is used to solve local hour angle LHA:

Resolving obtains Local time angle of a heavenly body LHA, obtains calculating Greenwich hour angle GHA1；

Assuming again that declination 2 is for Dec2, same resolving obtains calculating Greenwich hour angle GHA2；

Cross position 1 (Dec1, GHA1) and position 2 (Dec2, GHA2) to do line and obtain the string of a musical instrument of the isoazimuth position line as the observed bearing position line；

The orientation of same celestial body is observed in strange land, obtains another observed bearing position line, and two observed bearing cuts obtain the position of observation celestial body.

5. a kind of method assuming that longitude and latitude method measures sphere target location according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the orientation of the unknown sphere target of known location observation, assume a longitude (or latitude) calculated near sphere target location, by resolving parallactic triangle, calculate and obtain a corresponding latitude (or longitude)；Assume again that another longitude (or latitude), by resolving parallactic triangle, calculate the latitude (or longitude) obtaining another correspondence；Connect 2 strings of a musical instrument obtaining the isoazimuth position line of twice chosen longitude (or latitude) and calculating latitude (or longitude) as the observed bearing position line；The orientation of same sphere target is observed in strange land, obtains another observed bearing position line, and two observed bearing cuts obtain the position of observation sphere target.

6. a kind of method assuming that longitude and latitude method measures sphere target location according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: at the true bearing A of the unknown sphere target of known location (Lat/Long) observation, assume that sphere target longitude 1 is for LongO1, obtains two places through difference In parallactic triangle: known colatitude (90 ° of-Lat), azimuth A and two places, through difference LHA three elements, use four element equations deformation to solve remaining from (90 ° of-LatO):

Or

$\tan LatO=\frac{\cot A*\sin LHA+\cos LHA*\sin Lat}{\cos Lat}$

Resolving obtains remaining from (90 ° of-LatO), obtains calculating latitude LatO1；

Assuming again that sphere target longitude 2 is for LongO2, same resolving obtains calculating latitude LatO2；

Cross position 1 (LatO1, LongO1) and position 2 (LatO2, LongO2) to do line and obtain the string of a musical instrument of the isoazimuth position line as the observed bearing position line；

The orientation of same sphere target is observed in strange land, obtains another observed bearing position line, and two observed bearing cuts obtain the position of observation sphere target.

7. a kind of method assuming that longitude and latitude method measures sphere target location according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: at the true bearing A of the unknown sphere target of known location (Lat/Long) observation, assume that sphere target latitude 1 is for LatO1, obtain remaining from (90 ° of-LatO1)；In parallactic triangle: known remaining from (90 ° of-LatO), colatitude (90 ° of-Lat) and azimuth A three elements, sine formula is used to solve sphere target location angle X:

After solving angle, position of heavenly body X, Napier formula deformation is used to solve two places through difference LHA:

Resolving obtains two places through difference LHA, obtains calculating longitude LongO1；

Assuming again that sphere target latitude 2 is for LatO2, same resolving obtains calculating longitude LongO2；

Cross position 1 (LatO1, LongO1) and position 2 (LatO2, LongO2) to do line and obtain the string of a musical instrument of the isoazimuth position line as the observed bearing position line；

The orientation of same sphere target is observed in strange land, obtains another observed bearing position line, and two observed bearing cuts obtain the position of observation sphere target.