CN105760666A - Catchment area critical rainfall calculating method based on DEM - Google Patents
Catchment area critical rainfall calculating method based on DEM Download PDFInfo
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- CN105760666A CN105760666A CN201610081269.6A CN201610081269A CN105760666A CN 105760666 A CN105760666 A CN 105760666A CN 201610081269 A CN201610081269 A CN 201610081269A CN 105760666 A CN105760666 A CN 105760666A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a catchment area critical rainfall calculating method based on a DEM. The method comprises the steps that a waterlogging minimum point hmin of a catchment area is firstly acquired, an elevation value of the waterlogging minimum point is added to a maximum value delta h of the waterlogging depth to obtain a waterlogging elevation value of the catchment area, a height difference delta h<i> obtained by subtracting the waterlogging elevation value from an original DEM diagram layer serves as a waterlogging depth value of each grid, the grid waterlogging depth delta h<i> is added to the average drainage capability d of the catchment area to obtain the runoff volume q<i> of the grid, and the runoff volume q<i> of all the grids is accumulated to obtain the total sum of the runoff volume of the catchment area; the ratio of the total runoff volume to a runoff coefficient alpha serves as the total rainfall of the catchment area; the total rainfall is divided by the area of the whole catchment area to obtain the unit area rainfall, that is, the catchment area critical rainfall generated when the waterlogging depth is delta h. According to the method, personal errors generated when the waterlogging depth is manually collected for regression analysis in the past are omitted, so that a calculating result is more scientific and reasonable.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of critical Calculation of Area Rainfall method of the water catchment area hydrops based on DEM, belong to mapping, geographical information technology class.
Background technology
In urban waterlogging risk assessment, it is necessary to evaluating the critical surface rainfall of the depth of accumulated water of water catchment area, namely a certain water catchment area is when hydrops reaches a certain degree of depth, has rained in this region how many millimeters.
Water catchment area critical surface rainfall is for the pre-measuring tool significance of the long-pending flood in water catchment area, traditional calculations water catchment area hydrops critical surface rainfall often adopts statistical analysis technique, namely the regression analysis equation of depth of accumulated water and rainfall is set up by some sampling points, critical surface rainfall by regression equation calculation difference depth of accumulated water, but this method needs a large amount of disaster investigation sampling points, and the disaster sampling point meeted the requirements at short notice be difficult to collect complete, result of calculation there is also bigger error simultaneously, therefore can not meet urban waterlogging monitoring and warning demand.
(note: water catchment area refers to and calculates, according to landform, water (flow) direction, the hydrological polygon formed, and a region is often made up of several water catchment areas；DEM (DigitalElevationModel, digital elevation model) is the data set of the plane coordinates (X, Y) of regular grid point in certain limit and elevation (Z) thereof, and it mainly describes the spatial distribution of regional landforms form.In the present invention, referring to utilize the water catchment area elevational point raster dataset that each regular grid comprises an altitude data in the water catchment area that interpolation is formed, wherein namely the grid length of side determines each grid area after determining.)
Rainwater has two whereabouts after falling earthward:
1, earth's surface seepage flow: penetrate into underground through soil, vegetation, this part of rainwater is not involved in long-pending flood；
2, rainwash: refer to that rainwater stays the amount of rainfall on earth's surface after seepage flow, generally this part of rainwater is referred to as run-off, it is multiplied by runoff coefficient (staying the amount of rainfall on earth's surface and the ratio of total rainfall, in related specifications, the runoff coefficient of earth's surface different land types is had reference value) with rainfall to obtain.Rainwash is drained in part through water catchment area drainage system (pipe network, irrigation canals and ditches), and the run-off beyond water catchment area drainability will gather from high to low inside water catchment area, forms the long-pending flood in earth's surface.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the deficiency overcoming prior art to exist, a kind of water catchment area Critical Rainfall computational methods based on DEM are provided, the method is according to principles above, inverse rainfall in the depth of accumulated water situation of known water catchment area, in actual applications, when, after the rainfall predicting same order, water catchment area being estimated and can produce identical long-pending flood depth of accumulated water.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of water catchment area Critical Rainfall computational methods based on DEM, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: traversal water catchment area DEM grid, searches the height value h of long-pending flood minimum pointmin(unit: m, without the water system such as rivers, lake)；
Step 2: set the maximum depth of accumulated water in water catchment area as △ h (unit: m), calculates hydrops elevation H=hmin+ △ h (unit: m)；
Step 3: calculate each grid depth of accumulated water △ h of DEMi=H-hi(unit: m, wherein hiHeight value for each grid)；
Step 4: set zone leveling drainability as d (unit: m), calculate runoff on each DEM grid and measure qi=△ hi+ d (unit: m)；
Step 5: calculate water catchment area hydrops total amount(unit: m3；S is DEM grate area, and unit is m2)；
Step 6: calculate water catchment area the total precipitation R=Q/ α (α is runoff coefficient, dimensionless)；
Step 7: utilize water catchment area the total precipitation to calculate water catchment area rainfall: t=1000*R/ (n*s) (unit: m), n is water catchment area DEM grid quantity, and it is critical surface rainfall during △ h (unit: m) that t is water catchment area depth of accumulated water.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1, the principle of the invention is inverse rainfall in the depth of accumulated water situation of known water catchment area, quantitative basis carries out the calculating of Critical Rainfall, eliminate the artificial collection long-pending flood degree of depth in the past and carry out the personal error of regression analysis, make result of calculation more scientific and reasonable；
2, the present invention is easy to utilize GIS to realize, and raster symbol-base is the basic function of GIS, step 1,3 and 5 can directly utilize in GIS attribute list GIS statistical computation function directly batch calculate obtain；
3, result of calculation can realize Visualization based on GIS.
Detailed description of the invention
Below for a water catchment area quadrature water depth for 0.1m time rainfall.The original dem data in this water catchment area is as shown in table 1, and the DEM grid length of side is 30m, and each grate area is 900m2, the gross area of whole water catchment area is 57600m2.This runoff coefficient α=0.87, water catchment area.
A kind of water catchment area Critical Rainfall computational methods based on DEM, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: traversal water catchment area DEM grid (table 1), searches the height value h of long-pending flood minimum pointmin=4.12m；
| 4.13 | 4.14 | 4.12 | 4.23 | 4.25 | 4.26 | 4.22 | 4.32 |
| 4.16 | 4.15 | 4.13 | 4.25 | 4.26 | 4.21 | 4.23 | 4.25 |
| 4.15 | 4.22 | 4.17 | 4.19 | 4.25 | 4.26 | 4.18 | 4.19 |
| 4.15 | 4.18 | 4.12 | 4.23 | 4.25 | 4.21 | 4.22 | 4.32 |
| 4.19 | 4.15 | 4.13 | 4.22 | 4.26 | 4.21 | 4.36 | 4.25 |
| 4.35 | 4.29 | 4.36 | 4.44 | 5.24 | 5.12 | 5.13 | 5.25 |
| 5.12 | 5.32 | 5.36 | 5.15 | 4.69 | 4.69 | 5.31 | 4.21 |
| 4.68 | 5.65 | 5.15 | 4.85 | 4.67 | 3.54 | 5.32 | 4.35 |
Table 1: original DEM plane signal hmin=4.12m
Step 2: the maximum depth of accumulated water in this water catchment area is 0.1m, calculates the long-pending water level elevation H=h in Ji Lao districtmin+ △ h (unit: m)；
△ h=0.1m
H=hmin+ △ h=4.12+0.1=4.22m
Step 3: calculate each grid depth of accumulated water △ h of DEMi=H-hi(unit: m), utilizes H=4.22m to deduct each grid height value shown in table 1 and obtains each grid depth of accumulated water as shown in table 2 (unit: m)；
| 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.1 | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.04 | 0 | -0.1 |
| 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.09 | -0.03 | -0.04 | 0.01 | -0.01 | -0.03 |
| 0.07 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.03 | -0.03 | -0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.1 | -0.01 | -0.03 | 0.01 | 0 | -0.1 |
| 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0 | -0.04 | 0.01 | -0.14 | -0.03 |
| -0.13 | -0.07 | -0.14 | -0.22 | -1.02 | -0.9 | -0.91 | -1.03 |
| -0.9 | -1.1 | -1.14 | -0.93 | -0.47 | -0.47 | -1.09 | 0.01 |
| -0.46 | -1.43 | -0.93 | -0.63 | -0.45 | 0.68 | -1.1 | -0.13 |
Table 2:DEM grid hydrops situation is illustrated
Step 4: set zone leveling drainability as d (unit: m), calculate run-off on each DEM grid and remove qi=△ hi+ d (unit: m), if average drainability is d=0.05m, shown in table 3；
| 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 |
| 0.12 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 0.09 | 0.08 |
| 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0 | 0 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 |
| 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.06 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.18 | 0 | 0 |
Table 3: grid run-off is illustrated
Step 5: calculate water catchment area hydrops total amount(unit: m3；S is DEM grate area unit is 30*30=900m2)
Q=3051m3
Step 6: calculate water catchment area the total precipitation R=Q/ α (α is runoff coefficient, dimensionless), if the comprehensive runoff coefficient in water catchment area is 0.87, then:
R=3051/0.87=3507m3
Step 7: utilize water catchment area the total precipitation to calculate water catchment area rainfall: t=1000*R/ (n*s) (unit: mm), n is water catchment area DEM grid quantity, and it is critical surface rainfall during △ h (unit: m) that t is water catchment area depth of accumulated water.
T=1000*3507/ (64*30*30)=61mm
It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, it is also possible to make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.The all available prior art of each ingredient not clear and definite in the present embodiment is realized.
Claims (1)
1. the water catchment area Critical Rainfall computational methods based on DEM, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
Step 1: traversal water catchment area DEM grid, searches the height value h of long-pending flood minimum pointmin；
Step 2: set the maximum depth of accumulated water in water catchment area as △ h, calculates hydrops elevation H=hmin+△h；
Step 3: calculate each grid depth of accumulated water △ h of DEMi=H-hi, wherein hiHeight value for each grid；
Step 4: set zone leveling drainability as d, calculates runoff on each DEM grid and measures qi=△ hi+d；
Step 5: calculate water catchment area hydrops total amountS is DEM grate area；
Step 6: calculating water catchment area the total precipitation R=Q/ α, α is runoff coefficient；
Step 7: utilize water catchment area the total precipitation to calculate water catchment area rainfall: t=1000*R/ (n*s), n are water catchment area DEM grid quantity, and it is critical surface rainfall during △ h that t is water catchment area depth of accumulated water.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107290129A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-10-24 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of domatic hydraulics model test flow field observation system and method |
| CN107609715A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-19 | 北京师范大学 | One kind is based on Rainstorm Feature mountain torrents Critical Rainfall computational methods |
| CN109086500A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-25 | 武汉大学 | The area Wei Kong diameter flow calculation methodologies based on spatially distributed runoff coefficient |
| CN109886537A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-06-14 | 天津市市政工程设计研究院 | A kind of judgment method of the road waterlogging risk of town site expansion |
| CN109979172A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-05 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of dynamic mountain torrents Critical Rainfall forecasting procedure based on Xinanjiang model |
| CN111369102A (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2020-07-03 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method and device for extracting waterlogging risk points |
| CN111931440A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-13 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Slope multi-flow-direction cross flow analysis method considering surface water depth change |
| CN112800631A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-05-14 | 南京信息工程大学 | Urban waterlogging depth calculation method |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107290129B (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2019-09-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of slope surface hydraulics model test flow field observation system and method |
| CN107290129A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-10-24 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of domatic hydraulics model test flow field observation system and method |
| CN107609715A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-19 | 北京师范大学 | One kind is based on Rainstorm Feature mountain torrents Critical Rainfall computational methods |
| CN107609715B (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2020-06-19 | 北京师范大学 | Torrential rain characteristic-based mountain torrent critical rainfall calculation method |
| CN109086500A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-25 | 武汉大学 | The area Wei Kong diameter flow calculation methodologies based on spatially distributed runoff coefficient |
| CN109886537A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-06-14 | 天津市市政工程设计研究院 | A kind of judgment method of the road waterlogging risk of town site expansion |
| CN109886537B (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2023-04-11 | 天津市政工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Method for judging road waterlogging risk of urban construction land expansion |
| CN109979172A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-05 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of dynamic mountain torrents Critical Rainfall forecasting procedure based on Xinanjiang model |
| CN111369102A (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2020-07-03 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method and device for extracting waterlogging risk points |
| CN111931440A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-13 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Slope multi-flow-direction cross flow analysis method considering surface water depth change |
| CN111931440B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2021-03-05 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Slope multi-flow-direction cross flow analysis method considering surface water depth change |
| CN112800631A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-05-14 | 南京信息工程大学 | Urban waterlogging depth calculation method |
| CN112800631B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-13 | 南京信息工程大学 | Urban waterlogging depth calculation method |
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Application publication date: 20160713 |