CN105755294B - A kind of biomass carbon complex reducing agent of Copper making - Google Patents
A kind of biomass carbon complex reducing agent of Copper making Download PDFInfo
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- CN105755294B CN105755294B CN201610047231.7A CN201610047231A CN105755294B CN 105755294 B CN105755294 B CN 105755294B CN 201610047231 A CN201610047231 A CN 201610047231A CN 105755294 B CN105755294 B CN 105755294B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to Copper making technical field, a kind of biomass carbon complex reducing agent of Copper making is disclosed, it is characterised in that：Every 100 mass parts include following material：6 10 parts of coal, 45 55 parts of petroleum coke, 35 45 parts of composite biomass charcoal, 13 parts of montmorillonite.The complex reducing agent of the present invention environmental protection, it is lower-cost under the premise of, reduce sulfur content and content of ashes, and activity is high, reduction efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the biomass carbon complex reducing agent of Copper making technical field, more particularly to a kind of Copper making.
Background technology
In copper fire refining production technology, the general principle of blister copper refinement oxide is most of impurity present in copper
It is both greater than affinity of the copper to oxygen to the affinity of oxygen, and dissolving very little of the oxide in copper water of most impurity, work as air
To occur oxidation with the copper in melt first when being passed through in copper melts, the cuprous oxide of generation again with other metal impurities
Effect makes oxidation of impurities, and its oxidation mechanism is：
4Cu+O2=2Cu2O
Cu2O+Me=MeO+2Cu
Me represents metal impurities in formula.
After removing impurities by oxidation matter, in copper industry remaining cuprous oxide, it is necessary to which cuprous oxide is reduced into copper using reducing agent.
Traditional reducing agent is generally heavy oil, natural gas, ammonia, charcoal etc., but the limitation due to resources supplIes and green before earliest
The requirement of environmental protection, the research and development of New type coal base reductant.
Application No. CN02113268.2 Chinese patent discloses the coal base reduction agent that a kind of copper fire refining is used, with
Coal base is machined to the novel reducer that granularity is prepared into below 5mm as raw material by controlling its component ratio, then through broken
Carrying out traditional reducing agent such as replacement for heavy, liquefied petroleum gas, diesel oil, natural gas, ammonia, propane, log, charcoal powder is used for pyrometallurgical essence
The reducing agent of new generation that is reduced is refined, containing the fugitive constituent 2-60% based on fixed carbon 15-90%, hydrocarbon, entirely
Sulphur ＜ 2 and mineral composition, final component are 100%, when being reduced for copper fire refining, and controlled load case is malleation, reducing atmosphere
With net slag, not over-emitting black exhaust during reduction, beneficial to preventing the pollution of the environment.
But there is also some shortcomings for above-mentioned coal base reduction agent：It is higher that 1. sulfur content compares traditional reducing agent；2. ash content
Content is higher, causes the quantity of slag to rise；3. reduction reaction rate still has to be hoisted.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of biomass carbon complex reducing agent of Copper making.This hair
Bright complex reducing agent environmental protection, it is lower-cost under the premise of, reduce sulfur content and content of ashes, and activity is high,
Reduction efficiency is high.
The present invention concrete technical scheme be：Wrapped in a kind of biomass carbon complex reducing agent of Copper making, every 100 mass parts
Include following material：8-12 parts of coal, 45-55 parts of petroleum coke, 35-45 parts of composite biomass charcoal.
The complex reducing agent of technical solution of the present invention is raw material from coal, petroleum coke and composite biomass charcoal, in synthesis
In the case of considering Environmental Factors, the activity of reducing agent, cost and copper reduction technique, the content of each raw material is strictly controlled, it is multiple
With rear complex reducing agent of the invention environmental protection, it is lower-cost under the premise of, reduce sulfur content and content of ashes, and
Active high, reduction efficiency is high.Wherein montmorillonite can remove the iron in coal, petroleum coke and composite biomass charcoal, prevent from entering
Fe2O3 doping is into copper liquid during row reduction.
Preferably, every 100 mass parts include following material：8 parts of coal, 50 parts of petroleum coke, 40 parts of composite biomass charcoal,
2 parts of montmorillonite.
Preferably, the particle diameter of the complex reducing agent is less than or equal to 3mm.
Preferably, the sulfur content of the coal is less than or equal to 0.5wt%, the sulfur content of the petroleum coke is less than or equal to
0.5wt%。
Preferably, the preparation method of the composite biomass charcoal is as follows：
1）, red algae, walnut shell, chestnut shell after dehydration are crushed and are positioned in carbonizing apparatus after mixing, in logical big gas bar
200-400 DEG C is warming up to 30-40 DEG C/min speed under part and keeps 10-30min, clean, dry after terminating, obtain pre- charcoal
Compound.
Due to containing volatile substances in red algae, walnut shell, chestnut shell, if biomass carbon can be caused by directly carrying out charing
Impurity content it is higher, therefore in step 1）In, logical atmosphere calefaction pretreatment is carried out to red algae, walnut shell, chestnut shell, herein mistake
Volatile substances rapid oxidation burning mistake in the case where meeting oxygen and the condition of high temperature in Cheng Zhong, red algae, walnut shell, chestnut shell, these are easy
The burning of volatile substance is lost, and not only reduces the content of impurity, while substantial amounts of space is also generated on the matrix of pre- carbide,
Specific surface area is increased, is easy in follow-up carbonization process and active agent.
2）, by the pre- carbide and activating agent in mass ratio 1：（3-4）Mix and be positioned in microwave radiation device,
Low-temperature carbonization and high temperature carbonization, wherein 450-650 DEG C of low-temperature carbonization temperature, carbonization time 2- are successively carried out under atmosphere of inert gases
4h；High temperature carbonization temperature is 1100-1300 DEG C, carbonization time 4-6h.
The present invention is carbonized from microwave radiation heating to pre- carbide, and microwave radiation heating is by heated object
The high-frequency reciprocating motion of portion's dipole molecule, makes intermolecular mutual collision produce a large amount of frictional heats, then makes material inside and outside portion same
When Quick uniform heat up.Microwave radiation heating has simple to operate, heating rate is fast, reaction efficiency is high, heating uniformity is good etc.
Advantage.Carbonization process is divided into two steps of low-temperature carbonization and high temperature carbonization, during low-temperature carbonization, organising in raw material
Compound is decomposed into charcoal and various gases under anoxybiotic and hot conditions.Wherein carbon source is reached after glass transition temperature, and its is firm
Property reduction, flexible reinforced, at this temperature, activating agent potassium hydroxide, NaOH and C reaction generation potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, carbon
Sour potassium, sodium carbonate are decomposed into potassium oxide, sodium oxide molybdena and carbon dioxide again, flexible relatively strong due to now Carbon Materials, plasticity compared with
Height, gas can generate a large amount of holes when generating in carbon matrix, and the long period is kept at this temperature, be conducive to increasing charcoal
Specific surface area.During high temperature carbonization, carbon source continues to generate the stronger charcoal of rigidity after heating up again, and now the structure of charcoal is basic
Fixed, due to rigidity reinforced, big hole can not be generated.At this moment potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium oxide, sodium oxide molybdena and C generations
Metallic potassium, the boiling point of metallic sodium have reached（760 DEG C of potassium boiling point, 880 DEG C of sodium boiling point）, generation potassium steam, Sodium vapour, these high temperature
Steam the less micropore of size can be generated on carbon matrix, further increase charcoal specific surface area.
3）, the material after charing cleaned, is dried, biomass carbon is made.
It is presoma that composite biomass charcoal in technical solution of the present invention, which selects red algae, walnut shell, chestnut shell, due to these
The particularity of mixture self structure, composite biomass charcoal has high activity, reducing power as made from above-mentioned presoma
By force, and obtained composite biomass charcoal various sizes hole rich content, big with the contact area of reactant, reaction efficiency is high.
In addition, the composite biomass charcoal content of ashes as made from above-mentioned raw materials is few, sulfur content is few, ash content in coal, sulfur content can be made up
High shortcoming.
Preferably, the red algae, chestnut shell, the mass ratio of walnut shell are 1:(1-2):(2-4).
Preferably, activating agent is a kind of mixture with zinc chloride in NaOH, potassium hydroxide.
Preferably, in step 2）Low-temperature carbonization during, heating rate be 5-15 DEG C/min, microwave power 500-
600W, microwave frequency 2450MHz；During high temperature carbonization, heating rate is 15-25 DEG C/min, microwave power 800-
1000W, microwave frequency 2450MHz.
Preferably, in step 2）High temperature carbonization during, ammonia is passed through into microwave radiation device, relative to red
Algae, chestnut shell, the gross mass of walnut shell are per 100g, and the intake of ammonia is 2-4L/min.
Although going the removal of impurity by pretreatment before charing to raw material, still contain a small amount of sulphur, it is therefore desirable to right
It carries out desulfurization process.Ammonia can generate the hydrogen with strong reducing property in device at high temperature, hydrogen can with Carbon Materials
Carbon-sulfur bond reacts, so that sulphur be removed
It is compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention complex reducing agent environmental protection, cost compared with
On the premise of low, sulfur content and content of ashes are reduced, and activity is high, and reduction efficiency is high.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of biomass carbon complex reducing agent of Copper making, particle diameter is less than or equal to 2mm.Every 100 mass parts include following
Material：8 parts of coal, 50 parts of petroleum coke, 40 parts of composite biomass charcoal, 2 parts of montmorillonite.
Wherein, the sulfur content of the coal is less than or equal to 0.5wt%, and the sulfur content of the petroleum coke is less than or equal to 0.5wt%.
The preparation method of the composite biomass charcoal is as follows：
1）, by mass ratio be 1:1.5:Red algae, walnut shell, chestnut shell are crushed and charing are positioned over after mixing after 3 dehydration
In device, it is warming up to 300 DEG C with 35 DEG C/min speed under logical atmospheric conditions and keeps 20min, cleans, dries after terminating,
Obtain pre- carbide.
2）, by the pre- carbide and NaOH, zinc chloride in mass ratio 1:2:1.5 mix and are positioned over microwave radiation
In device, low-temperature carbonization and high temperature carbonization, wherein 550 DEG C of low-temperature carbonization temperature are successively carried out under atmosphere of inert gases, is carbonized
Time 3h, heating rate is 10 DEG C/min, microwave power 550W, microwave frequency 2450MHz；High temperature carbonization temperature is 1200 DEG C,
Carbonization time 5h, heating rate is 20 DEG C/min, microwave power 900W, microwave frequency 2450MHz.
3）, the material after charing cleaned, is dried, biomass carbon is made.
The biomass carbon specific surface area of the present embodiment is 3198m2Sulfur content is less than in/g, the complex reducing agent of the present embodiment
Equal to 0.3wt%, content of ashes is less than or equal to 6wt%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of biomass carbon complex reducing agent of Copper making, particle diameter is less than or equal to 2mm.Every 100 mass parts include following
Material：8 parts of coal, 50 parts of petroleum coke, 40 parts of composite biomass charcoal, 2 parts of montmorillonite.
Wherein, the sulfur content of the coal is less than or equal to 0.5wt%, and the sulfur content of the petroleum coke is less than or equal to 0.5wt%.
The preparation method of the composite biomass charcoal is as follows：
1）, by mass ratio be 1:1.5:Red algae, walnut shell, chestnut shell are crushed and charing are positioned over after mixing after 3 dehydration
In device, it is warming up to 300 DEG C with 35 DEG C/min speed under logical atmospheric conditions and keeps 20min, cleans, dries after terminating,
Obtain pre- carbide.
2）, by the pre- carbide and potassium hydroxide, zinc chloride in mass ratio 1:2:1.5 mix and are positioned over microwave radiation
In device, low-temperature carbonization and high temperature carbonization, wherein 550 DEG C of low-temperature carbonization temperature are successively carried out under atmosphere of inert gases, is carbonized
Time 3h, heating rate is 10 DEG C/min, microwave power 550W, microwave frequency 2450MHz；High temperature carbonization temperature is 1200 DEG C,
Carbonization time 5h, heating rate is 20 DEG C/min, microwave power 900W, microwave frequency 2450MHz.In addition in high temperature carbonization process
It is middle that ammonia is passed through into microwave radiation device, relative to red algae, chestnut shell, walnut shell gross mass per 100g, ammonia is passed through
Measure as 3L/min.
3）, the material after charing cleaned, is dried, biomass carbon is made.
The biomass carbon specific surface area of the present embodiment is 3156m2Sulfur content is less than in/g, the complex reducing agent of the present embodiment
Equal to 0.2wt%, content of ashes is less than or equal to 5.4wt%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of biomass carbon complex reducing agent of Copper making, particle diameter is less than or equal to 1mm.Every 100 mass parts include following
Material：6 parts of coal, 47 parts of petroleum coke, 45 parts of composite biomass charcoal, 2 parts of montmorillonite.
Wherein, the sulfur content of the coal is less than or equal to 0.5wt%, and the sulfur content of the petroleum coke is less than or equal to 0.5wt%.
The preparation method of the composite biomass charcoal is as follows：
1）, by mass ratio be 1:1:Red algae, walnut shell, chestnut shell are crushed and charing dress are positioned over after mixing after 2 dehydration
In putting, it is warming up to 200 DEG C with 30 DEG C/min speed under logical atmospheric conditions and keeps 10min, cleans, dries after terminating, obtain
To pre- carbide.
2）, by the pre- carbide and potassium hydroxide, zinc chloride in mass ratio 1:1.5:1.5 mix and are positioned over microwave spoke
In injection device, low-temperature carbonization and high temperature carbonization, wherein 450 DEG C of low-temperature carbonization temperature, charcoal are successively carried out under atmosphere of inert gases
Change time 4h, heating rate is 5 DEG C/min, microwave power 500W, microwave frequency 2450MHz；High temperature carbonization temperature is 1100 DEG C,
Carbonization time 6h, heating rate is 15 DEG C/min, microwave power 800W, microwave frequency 2450MHz.In addition in high temperature carbonization process
It is middle that ammonia is passed through into microwave radiation device, relative to red algae, chestnut shell, walnut shell gross mass per 100g, ammonia is passed through
Measure as 2L/min.
3）, the material after charing cleaned, is dried, biomass carbon is made.
The biomass carbon specific surface area of the present embodiment is 2965m2Sulfur content is less than in/g, the complex reducing agent of the present embodiment
Equal to 0.2wt%, content of ashes is less than or equal to 5.2wt%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of biomass carbon complex reducing agent of Copper making, particle diameter is less than or equal to 3mm.Every 100 mass parts include following
Material：10 parts of coal, 53 parts of petroleum coke, 35 parts of composite biomass charcoal, 2 parts of montmorillonite.
Wherein, the sulfur content of the coal is less than or equal to 0.5wt%, and the sulfur content of the petroleum coke is less than or equal to 0.5wt%.
The preparation method of the composite biomass charcoal is as follows：
1）, by mass ratio be 1:2:Red algae, walnut shell, chestnut shell are crushed and charing dress are positioned over after mixing after 4 dehydration
In putting, it is warming up to 400 DEG C with 40 DEG C/min speed under logical atmospheric conditions and keeps 30min, cleans, dries after terminating, obtain
To pre- carbide.
2）, by the pre- carbide and NaOH, potassium hydroxide, zinc chloride in mass ratio 1:2:2 mix and are positioned over
In microwave radiation device, low-temperature carbonization and high temperature carbonization, wherein low-temperature carbonization temperature 650 are successively carried out under atmosphere of inert gases
DEG C, carbonization time 2h, heating rate is 15 DEG C/min, microwave power 600W, microwave frequency 2450MHz；High temperature carbonization temperature is
1300 DEG C, carbonization time 4h, heating rate is 25 DEG C/min, microwave power 1000W, microwave frequency 2450MHz.In addition in high temperature
Ammonia is passed through in carbonization process into microwave radiation device, relative to red algae, chestnut shell, walnut shell gross mass per 100g, ammonia
The intake of gas is 4L/min.
3）, the material after charing cleaned, is dried, biomass carbon is made.
The biomass carbon specific surface area of the present embodiment is 2843m2Sulfur content is less than in/g, the complex reducing agent of the present embodiment
Equal to 0.3wt%, content of ashes is less than or equal to 5.9wt%.
Embodiment 5
A kind of biomass carbon complex reducing agent of Copper making, particle diameter is less than or equal to 3mm.Every 100 mass parts include following
Material：8 parts of coal, 45 parts of petroleum coke, 44 parts of composite biomass charcoal, 3 parts of montmorillonite.
Wherein, the sulfur content of the coal is less than or equal to 0.5wt%, and the sulfur content of the petroleum coke is less than or equal to 0.5wt%.
The preparation method of the composite biomass charcoal is as follows：
1）, by mass ratio be 1:1:Red algae, walnut shell, chestnut shell are crushed and charing dress are positioned over after mixing after 3 dehydration
In putting, it is warming up to 350 DEG C with 35 DEG C/min speed under logical atmospheric conditions and keeps 15min, cleans, dries after terminating, obtain
To pre- carbide.
2）, by the pre- carbide and potassium hydroxide, zinc chloride in mass ratio 1:2.5:1.5 mix and are positioned over microwave spoke
In injection device, low-temperature carbonization and high temperature carbonization, wherein 600 DEG C of low-temperature carbonization temperature, charcoal are successively carried out under atmosphere of inert gases
Change time 3.5h, heating rate is 15 DEG C/min, microwave power 550W, microwave frequency 2450MHz；High temperature carbonization temperature is 1250
DEG C, carbonization time 5.5h, heating rate is 25 DEG C/min, microwave power 1000W, microwave frequency 2450MHz.In addition in pyrocarbon
Ammonia is passed through during change into microwave radiation device, relative to red algae, chestnut shell, walnut shell gross mass per 100g, ammonia
Intake be 2.5L/min.
3）, the material after charing cleaned, is dried, biomass carbon is made.
The biomass carbon specific surface area of the present embodiment is 3099m2Sulfur content is less than in/g, the complex reducing agent of the present embodiment
Equal to 0. 2wt%, content of ashes is less than or equal to 6.2wt%.
Embodiment 6
A kind of biomass carbon complex reducing agent of Copper making, particle diameter is less than or equal to 3mm.Every 100 mass parts include following
Material：9 parts of coal, 55 parts of petroleum coke, 35 parts of composite biomass charcoal, 1 part of montmorillonite.
Wherein, the sulfur content of the coal is less than or equal to 0.5wt%, and the sulfur content of the petroleum coke is less than or equal to 0.5wt%.
The preparation method of the composite biomass charcoal is as follows：
1）, by mass ratio be 1:1:Red algae, walnut shell, chestnut shell are crushed and charing dress are positioned over after mixing after 4 dehydration
In putting, it is warming up to 400 DEG C with 30 DEG C/min speed under logical atmospheric conditions and keeps 25min, cleans, dries after terminating, obtain
To pre- carbide.
2）, by the pre- carbide and NaOH, potassium hydroxide, zinc chloride in mass ratio 1:1.5:2 mix and place
In microwave radiation device, low-temperature carbonization and high temperature carbonization, wherein low-temperature carbonization temperature are successively carried out under atmosphere of inert gases
500 DEG C, carbonization time 3.5h, heating rate is 15 DEG C/min, microwave power 500W, microwave frequency 2450MHz；High temperature carbonization temperature
Spend for 1300 DEG C, carbonization time 4.5h, heating rate is 20 DEG C/min, microwave power 850W, microwave frequency 2450MHz.In addition
Ammonia is passed through into microwave radiation device during high temperature carbonization, the gross mass relative to red algae, chestnut shell, walnut shell is every
100g, the intake of ammonia is 3.5L/min.
3）, the material after charing cleaned, is dried, biomass carbon is made.
The biomass carbon specific surface area of the present embodiment is 3133m2Sulfur content is less than in/g, the complex reducing agent of the present embodiment
Equal to 0.3wt%, content of ashes is less than or equal to 5.1wt%.
Raw materials used in the present invention, equipment, unless otherwise noted, is the conventional raw material, equipment of this area；In the present invention
Method therefor, unless otherwise noted, is the conventional method of this area.
The above, is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not the present invention is imposed any restrictions, every according to the present invention
Any simple modification, change and equivalent transformation that technical spirit is made to above example, still fall within the technology of the present invention side
The protection domain of case.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of biomass carbon complex reducing agent of Copper making, it is characterised in that：Every 100 mass parts include following material：Coal
6-10 parts, 45-55 parts of petroleum coke, 35-45 parts of composite biomass charcoal, 1-3 parts of montmorillonite；
The preparation method of the composite biomass charcoal is as follows：
1）, red algae, walnut shell, chestnut shell after dehydration are crushed and are positioned in carbonizing apparatus after mixing, under logical atmospheric conditions
200-400 DEG C is warming up to 30-40 DEG C/min speed and 10-30min is kept, and is cleaned, is dried after terminating, obtains pre- charing
Thing；
2）, by the pre- carbide and activating agent in mass ratio 1：（3-4）Mix and be positioned in microwave radiation device, in inertia
Low-temperature carbonization and high temperature carbonization, wherein 450-650 DEG C of low-temperature carbonization temperature, carbonization time 2-4h are successively carried out under atmosphere；
High temperature carbonization temperature is 1100-1300 DEG C, carbonization time 4-6h；
3）, the material after charing cleaned, is dried, biomass carbon is made.
2. a kind of biomass carbon complex reducing agent of Copper making as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Every 100 mass parts
Include following material：8 parts of coal, 50 parts of petroleum coke, 40 parts of composite biomass charcoal, 2 parts of montmorillonite.
3. the biomass carbon complex reducing agent of a kind of Copper making as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described compound
The particle diameter of reducing agent is less than or equal to 3mm.
4. the biomass carbon complex reducing agent of a kind of Copper making as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the coal
Sulfur content is less than or equal to 0.5wt%, and the sulfur content of the petroleum coke is less than or equal to 0.5wt%.
5. the biomass carbon complex reducing agent of a kind of Copper making as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the red algae, plate
Chestnut shell, the mass ratio of walnut shell are 1:(2-4):(1-2).
6. the biomass carbon complex reducing agent of a kind of Copper making as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that activating agent is hydrogen-oxygen
Change a kind of mixture of the and zinc chloride in sodium, potassium hydroxide.
7. the biomass carbon complex reducing agent of a kind of Copper making as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 2）It is low
In warm carbonization process, heating rate is 5-15 DEG C/min, microwave power 500-600W, microwave frequency 2450MHz；In high temperature carbonization
During, heating rate is 15-25 DEG C/min, microwave power 800-1000W, microwave frequency 2450MHz.
8. the biomass carbon complex reducing agent of a kind of Copper making as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that in step 2）Height
In warm carbonization process, ammonia is passed through into microwave radiation device, relative to red algae, chestnut shell, walnut shell gross mass per 100g,
The intake of ammonia is 2-4L/min.
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| US5476532A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1995-12-19 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Method for producing reducible iron-containing material having less clustering during direct reduction and products thereof |
| CN1033523C (en) * | 1993-09-11 | 1996-12-11 | 张铁铮 | Technology for producing low-iron silicon-aluminium alloy and self-baking electrode |
| RU2062799C1 (en) * | 1994-06-29 | 1996-06-27 | АО "Братский алюминиевый завод" | Silicon melting method |
| CN1208484C (en) * | 2002-01-21 | 2005-06-29 | 昆明理工精诚科技有限责任公司 | Coal base reductant use for pyrometallurgical refining reduction of copper |
| US8545593B2 (en) * | 2010-01-23 | 2013-10-01 | Cardero Resource Corporation | Direct processing of metallic ore concentrates into ferroalloys |
| CN102093923B (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2013-05-29 | 杨云 | Biomass reducing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN102442671A (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2012-05-09 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for producing industrial silicon from composite carbonaceous reducing agent instead of charcoal |
| CN103146865B (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-01 | 青岛理工大学 | Direct reduction iron making device and method based on biomass pyrolysis tar |
| CN104975173B (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2017-01-18 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Production method of fluxed composite carbon-containing pellets for blast furnace |
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