CN105755059B - A method for increasing the synthesis concentration of carbon chain biological extension products - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于环境保护和资源综合利用领域,尤其是涉及一种提高碳链生物延伸产物合成浓度的方法。The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, and in particular relates to a method for increasing the synthesis concentration of carbon chain biological extension products.
背景技术Background technique
生物质废物自然发酵的终端发酵产物主要是低碳链有机酸。由于生物质废物本身组成的混合度高,微生物混合生长,使得低碳链有机酸浓度较低、废物源引入的杂物量高、非目标性中间代谢产物混杂;并且,因短链有机酸的高度亲水性导致可分离性能差,采用过滤、蒸发或蒸馏分离的成本高,不利于通过高温或催化氢化转化为乙醇和丁醇(能量密度分别为20.9和29.2MJ/L)。因此,这些液体发酵产物目前还只能应用于对进料纯度要求不高的场合,如作为废水处理脱氮除磷的碳源【Lee WS,Chua ASM,Yeoh HK,Ngoh GC.2014.Areview of the production and applications of waste-derived volatile fattyacids.Chemical Engineering Journal 235:83-99.】。The terminal fermentation products of natural fermentation of biomass waste are mainly low-chain organic acids. Due to the high mixing degree of biomass waste itself and the mixed growth of microorganisms, the concentration of low-carbon chain organic acids is low, the amount of impurities introduced by the waste source is high, and the non-target intermediate metabolites are mixed; The high hydrophilicity leads to poor separability, high cost of separation by filtration, evaporation or distillation, which is not conducive to the conversion to ethanol and butanol by high temperature or catalytic hydrogenation (energy densities of 20.9 and 29.2 MJ/L, respectively). Therefore, these liquid fermentation products can only be used in occasions where the purity of the feed is not high, such as as a carbon source for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment [Lee WS, Chua ASM, Yeoh HK, Ngoh GC. 2014. Review of the production and applications of waste-derived volatile fatty acids. Chemical Engineering Journal 235:83-99.].
为了解决上述问题,可以通过再聚合技术,使其有机物的碳链得到延伸,以合理的成本进一步提升废物发酵产品的资源品级。即将低碳链有机酸转化为碳原子数更高的中、长碳链有机酸,成为混合醇、烷烃、酯等燃料或溶剂的前体原料。而相比于化学延伸技术,采用混合菌的碳链生物延伸技术更具低成本、反应条件温和、无化学品添加的优势【AglerMT,Wrenn BA,Zinder SH,Angenent LT.2011.Waste to bioproduct conversion withundefined mixed cultures:The carboxylate platform.Trends in Biotechnology 29:70-78.】。In order to solve the above problems, the carbon chain of organic matter can be extended through repolymerization technology, and the resource grade of waste fermentation products can be further improved at a reasonable cost. That is, the low-carbon chain organic acid is converted into a medium and long carbon chain organic acid with a higher number of carbon atoms, and it becomes the precursor raw material of mixed alcohol, alkane, ester and other fuels or solvents. Compared with chemical extension technology, carbon chain biological extension technology using mixed bacteria has the advantages of low cost, mild reaction conditions and no chemical addition [AglerMT,Wrenn BA,Zinder SH,Angenent LT.2011.Waste to bioproduct conversion with undefined mixed cultures: The carboxylate platform. Trends in Biotechnology 29:70-78.].
但是目前采用碳链生物延伸技术合成的中长碳链产物的浓度较低。根据测算,有机酸浓度若达30g/L以上则其分离成本可大幅降低。但目前已知的混合菌碳链生物延伸体系中己酸合成浓度最高仅可至8.27-12.8g/L【Steinbusch KJJ,Hamelers HVM,Plugge CM,Buisman CJN.2011.Biological formation of caproate and caprylate from acetate:Fuel and chemical production from low grade biomass.Energy&EnvironmentalScience 4:216-224.】【Weimer PJ,Stevenson DM.2011.Isolation,characterization,and quantification of Clostridium kluyveri from the bovine rumen.AppliedMicrobiology and Biotechnology 94:461-466.】。这是因为分子态的碳链延伸产物(中长碳链有机酸)会对微生物造成严重的产物抑制【Vasudevan D,Richter H,AngenentLT.2014.Upgrading dilute ethanol from syngas fermentation to n-caproate withreactor microbiomes.Bioresource Technology 151:378-382.】。而且,高浓度产物输出意味着需要输入高浓度的低碳链有机酸基质,而这也会导致基质抑制。因此,需发展能提高混合菌群抗有机酸抑制的能力,从而提高碳链生物延伸产物的合成浓度的技术方法。However, the concentration of medium and long carbon chain products synthesized by carbon chain biological extension technology is currently low. According to the calculation, if the organic acid concentration is above 30g/L, the separation cost can be greatly reduced. However, the highest concentration of caproate synthesis in the known mixed bacterial carbon chain biological extension system is only 8.27-12.8g/L [Steinbusch KJJ, Hamelers HVM, Plugge CM, Buisman CJN.2011. Biological formation of caproate and caprylate from acetate :Fuel and chemical production from low grade biomass.Energy&EnvironmentalScience 4:216-224.]【Weimer PJ,Stevenson DM.2011.Isolation,characterization,and quantification of Clostridium kluyveri from the bovine rumen.AppliedMicrobiology and Biotechnology 94:461-466. ]. This is because molecular carbon chain extension products (medium and long carbon chain organic acids) can cause severe product inhibition to microorganisms [Vasudevan D, Richter H, AngenentLT. 2014. Upgrading dilute ethanol from syngas fermentation to n-caproate withreactor microbiomes. Bioresource Technology 151:378-382.]. Furthermore, high product output means that high concentrations of low chain organic acid substrates need to be input, which can also lead to substrate inhibition. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technical method that can improve the ability of mixed flora to resist organic acid inhibition, thereby increasing the synthesis concentration of carbon chain biological extension products.
中国发明专利“电促碳链生物延伸方法及其装置”(申请号CN201510019239.8)采用外加电流的方式来促进碳链生物延伸反应。The Chinese invention patent "Method and Device for Electro-promoting Carbon Chain Biological Extension" (application number CN201510019239.8) adopts the method of applied electric current to promote the carbon chain biological extension reaction.
科技文章【Application of eco-compatible biochar in anaerobic digestionto relieve acid stress and promote the selective colonization of functionalmicrobes.Water Research 68:710-718.】将生物炭应用于葡萄糖的厌氧消化产甲烷过程,发现生物炭可以促进葡萄糖发酵产短链有机酸(乙酸、丁酸和丙酸),同时短链有机酸降解成甲烷的速率也会被加快。The scientific article【Application of eco-compatible biochar in anaerobic digestion to relieve acid stress and promote the selective colonization of functionalmicrobes.Water Research 68:710-718.】applied biochar to the anaerobic digestion of glucose to produce methane, and found that biochar can The fermentation of glucose to produce short-chain organic acids (acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid) is promoted, and the rate of degradation of short-chain organic acids into methane is also accelerated.
科技文章【Andersen,S.J.,Candry,P.,Basadre,T.,Khor,W.C.,Roume,H.,Hernandez-Sanabria,E.,Coma,M.and Rabaey,K.(2015)Electrolytic extractiondrives volatile fatty acid chain elongation through lactic acid and replaceschemical pH control in thin stillage fermentation.Biotechnology for Biofuels8(1),1-14.】采用膜电解萃取的方式实时分离产生的碳链延伸产物,以降低其在反应器中的浓度,避免造成有机酸抑制。Scientific article [Andersen, S.J., Candry, P., Basadre, T., Khor, W.C., Roume, H., Hernandez-Sanabria, E., Coma, M. and Rabaey, K. (2015) Electrolytic extractiondrives volatile fatty acid chain elongation through lactic acid and replaceschemical pH control in thin stillage fermentation. Biotechnology for Biofuels 8(1), 1-14.] The resulting carbon chain extension products are separated in real time by means of membrane electrolytic extraction to reduce their concentration in the reactor , to avoid organic acid inhibition.
科技文章【Agler,M.T.,Spirito,C.M.,Usack,J.G.,Werner,J.J.and Angenent,L.T.(2012)Chain elongation with reactor microbiomes:Upgrading dilute ethanolto medium-chain carboxylates.Energy&Environmental Science 5(8),8189-8192.】通过pH梯度驱动液液萃取分离产生的碳链延伸产物,以降低其在反应器中的浓度,避免造成有机酸抑制。Science and technology article【Agler,M.T.,Spirito,C.M.,Usack,J.G.,Werner,J.J.and Angenent,L.T.(2012)Chain elongation with reactor microbiomes:Upgrading dilute ethanolto medium-chain carboxylates.Energy&Environmental Science 5(8),8189-8192. ] The carbon chain extension product is separated by driving liquid-liquid extraction through pH gradient, so as to reduce its concentration in the reactor and avoid organic acid inhibition.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
基于上述技术背景,本发明提出了一种提高碳链生物延伸产物合成浓度的方法。该方法的关键是在反应系统中引入了能促进电子传递的辅助基材,从而有助于提高微生物抗抑制的能力,即提高微生物的反应活性。Based on the above technical background, the present invention proposes a method for increasing the synthesis concentration of carbon chain biological extension products. The key to this method is to introduce an auxiliary substrate that can promote electron transfer in the reaction system, thereby helping to improve the ability of microorganisms to resist inhibition, that is, to improve the reactivity of microorganisms.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:The object of the present invention can be realized through the following technical solutions:
一种提高碳链生物延伸产物合成浓度的方法,将低碳链有机酸转化为中长碳链有机酸,该方法包括以下步骤:A method for improving the synthesis concentration of carbon chain biological extension products, converting low carbon chain organic acids into medium and long carbon chain organic acids, the method comprising the following steps:
(1)在厌氧反应器中充填导电性炭基材料;(1) Fill the anaerobic reactor with conductive carbon-based material;
(2)在厌氧反应器中引入污水处理产生的厌氧污泥、垃圾厌氧消化产生的沼渣、水体底泥、石油污染土壤或酿造残渣作为碳链生物延伸的启动菌剂;(2) Introduce into the anaerobic reactor anaerobic sludge produced by sewage treatment, biogas residue produced by anaerobic digestion of garbage, water body bottom sludge, oil-contaminated soil or brewing residue as the starting inoculant for carbon chain biological extension;
(3)往上述厌氧反应器中连续通入低碳链有机酸原料和电子供体反应物,在菌剂的作用下,低碳链有机酸被转化为中长碳链有机酸,并连续排出。(3) The low-carbon chain organic acid raw material and the electron donor reactant are continuously fed into the above-mentioned anaerobic reactor. Under the action of the bacterial agent, the low-carbon chain organic acid is converted into a medium and long carbon chain organic acid, and the discharge.
优选地,所述的导电性炭基材料包括活性炭、生物炭、石墨,或这些炭基材料经改性后仍具有导电性的改性材料。Preferably, the conductive carbon-based material includes activated carbon, bio-carbon, graphite, or modified materials that still have conductivity after these carbon-based materials are modified.
优选地,所述的导电性炭基材料的颗粒粒径小于100微米。Preferably, the particle size of the conductive carbon-based material is less than 100 microns.
优选地,所述的导电性炭基材料在厌氧反应器中的体积填充率大于等于5%。Preferably, the volume filling rate of the conductive carbon-based material in the anaerobic reactor is greater than or equal to 5%.
优选地,所述厌氧反应器的参数为:反应温度为25-60℃,pH 6-7,水力停留时间大于等于5天。Preferably, the parameters of the anaerobic reactor are: the reaction temperature is 25-60° C., the pH is 6-7, and the hydraulic retention time is greater than or equal to 5 days.
优选地,所述的低碳链有机酸原料为由生物质废物水解酸化后并经固液分离获得的澄清液体,该液体的乙酸、丙酸和丁酸质量总分数大于等于液体中有机物总量的80%。Preferably, the low-carbon chain organic acid raw material is a clear liquid obtained by hydrolysis and acidification of biomass waste and obtained by solid-liquid separation, and the total mass fraction of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in the liquid is greater than or equal to the total amount of organic matter in the liquid 80%.
优选地,所述的生物质废物包括餐厨垃圾、果蔬垃圾、污泥、畜禽粪便或食品加工残渣。Preferably, the biomass waste includes kitchen waste, fruit and vegetable waste, sludge, livestock manure or food processing residue.
优选地,所述的电子供体反应物选自乙醇、乳酸或氢气。Preferably, the electron donor reactant is selected from ethanol, lactic acid or hydrogen.
优选地,在低碳链有机酸原料和电子供体反应物的进料中,电子供体反应物的浓度大于等于25mmol/L。Preferably, in the feed of the low-chain organic acid raw material and the electron donor reactant, the concentration of the electron donor reactant is greater than or equal to 25 mmol/L.
本发明在碳链生物延伸反应中添加了导电性炭基材料作为辅助基材,从而能够提高碳链延伸微生物耐受短碳链和中长碳链有机酸的能力,进而提高了中长碳链有机酸的合成浓度。The present invention adds a conductive carbon-based material as an auxiliary substrate in the carbon chain biological extension reaction, so that the ability of the carbon chain extension microorganism to tolerate short carbon chain and medium and long carbon chain organic acids can be improved, thereby improving the medium and long carbon chain. Synthetic concentrations of organic acids.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点及有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1、导电性炭基材料的引入能促进菌剂中具备碳链生物延伸功能的微生物的种间电子传递,从而在以炭基材料为核心的区域形成数百微米半径范围的微生物网状聚集区,实现了碳链生物延伸微生物的高丰度富集,提高了对分子态有机酸抑制的耐受能力。1. The introduction of conductive carbon-based materials can promote the interspecific electron transfer of microorganisms with carbon chain biological extension function in the inoculum, thereby forming a microbial network aggregation area with a radius of hundreds of microns in the area with carbon-based materials as the core , to achieve high abundance enrichment of carbon chain biological extension microorganisms, and improve the tolerance to inhibition by molecular organic acids.
2、由此,填充了导电性炭基材料的反应器的中长碳链有机酸的合成浓度得以大幅提高,从而提升了碳链生物延伸产物的产品价值。2. As a result, the synthetic concentration of medium and long carbon chain organic acids in the reactor filled with the conductive carbon-based material can be greatly increased, thereby increasing the product value of the carbon chain biological extension product.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中碳链生物延伸反应器的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a carbon chain biological extension reactor in the present invention.
图中各标号如下:1-碳链生物延伸微生物;2-低碳链有机酸原料;3-电子供体反应物;4-进料口;5-厌氧反应器;6-下层多孔板;7-下层土工布;8-导电活性炭;9-填充反应区;10-上层土工布;11-上层多孔板;12-上部缓冲区;13-出料口;14-出水;15-边路;16-输送泵。Each label in the figure is as follows: 1-carbon chain biological extension microorganism; 2-low carbon chain organic acid raw material; 3-electron donor reactant; 4-feeding port; 5-anaerobic reactor; 6-lower porous plate; 7-lower geotextile; 8-conductive activated carbon; 9-filling reaction zone; 10-upper geotextile; 11-upper porous plate; 12-upper buffer zone; 13-discharge port; 14-water outlet; 15-side road; 16 - Transfer pump.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
一种提高碳链生物延伸产物合成浓度的方法:参考图1,首先,以酿造残渣作为启动菌剂,该残渣富含克氏梭状芽孢杆菌等碳链生物延伸微生物1;以餐厨垃圾经水解酸化并离心获得的发酵液作为低碳链有机酸原料2,该发酵液的正丁酸含量占总有机物的80%,正丁酸浓度为250mmol/L;以乙醇水溶液为电子供体反应物3,乙醇浓度为250mmol/L。A method for increasing the synthesis concentration of carbon chain biological extension products: with reference to Figure 1, first, brewing residue is used as a starter inoculant, and the residue is rich in carbon chain biological extension microorganisms such as Clostridium klebsiella 1; The fermentation broth obtained by hydrolysis, acidification and centrifugation was used as a low-carbon organic acid
低碳链有机酸原料2和电子供体反应物3从进料口4进入厌氧反应器5,经下层多孔板6和上覆的下层土工布7后进入充填了50μm粒径的导电活性炭8的填充反应区9;碳链生物延伸微生物1能在导电活性炭8周边富集,将正丁酸和乙醇转化为正己酸;填充反应区9中导电活性炭8的体积填充率为15%,反应区的有效体积能确保反应液在该区的水力停留时间为15天;富含正已酸的溶液从填充反应区9上部经上层土工布10和上层多孔板11后,进入上部缓冲区12,经出料口13流出,流出物即为出水14。The low carbon chain organic acid
厌氧反应器5采用温控设备维持反应器内温度为30℃,采用pH控制系统维持反应器内pH为7。为了促进反应器内溶液的流动以及进一步提高转化率,该反应器设置了边路15,边路15上设有输送泵16,通过输送泵16实现上部缓冲区12与填充反应区9间的内部循环。In the
出水14中正己酸的浓度最高可达23g/L(在醇水溶液体系中);正丁酸的转化率达90%。The concentration of n-hexanoic acid in the
实施例2Example 2
参考图1,与实施例1不同之处在于:Referring to Figure 1, the difference from
本实施例中利用生物炭代替导电活性炭作为导电性炭基材料。生物炭的颗粒粒径为80微米。In this embodiment, biochar is used instead of conductive activated carbon as the conductive carbon-based material. The particle size of biochar is 80 microns.
本实施例中,在厌氧反应器中引入污水处理产生的厌氧污泥作为碳链生物延伸的启动菌剂。In this embodiment, the anaerobic sludge produced by sewage treatment is introduced into the anaerobic reactor as a start-up bacterial agent for carbon chain biological extension.
本实施例中导电性炭基材料在厌氧反应器中的体积填充率为5%。In this example, the volume filling rate of the conductive carbon-based material in the anaerobic reactor is 5%.
本实施例中,厌氧反应器的参数为:反应温度为25℃,pH 6,水力停留时间为5天。In this embodiment, the parameters of the anaerobic reactor are: the reaction temperature is 25° C., the pH is 6, and the hydraulic retention time is 5 days.
本实施例中,所述的低碳链有机酸原料为由果蔬垃圾水解酸化后并经固液分离获得的澄清液体,该液体的乙酸、丙酸和丁酸质量总分数等于液体中有机物总量的80%。In this embodiment, the low-carbon chain organic acid raw material is a clear liquid obtained by hydrolysis and acidification of fruit and vegetable waste and obtained by solid-liquid separation, and the total mass fraction of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in the liquid is equal to the total amount of organic matter in the liquid 80%.
本实施例中,所述的电子供体反应物为乳酸,且在低碳链有机酸原料和电子供体反应物的进料中,电子供体反应物的浓度等于25mmol/L。In this embodiment, the electron donor reactant is lactic acid, and in the feed of the low-carbon chain organic acid raw material and the electron donor reactant, the concentration of the electron donor reactant is equal to 25 mmol/L.
本实施例的方法中,启动菌剂中的碳链生物延伸微生物将乙酸、丙酸和丁酸转化为正己酸;且乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的转化率达90%以上。In the method of this embodiment, the carbon chain biological extension microorganisms in the inoculant are activated to convert acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid into n-hexanoic acid; and the conversion rate of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid is over 90%.
实施例3Example 3
参考图1,与实施例1不同之处在于:Referring to Figure 1, the difference from
本实施例中利用石墨代替导电活性炭作为导电性炭基材料。石墨的颗粒粒径小于100微米。In this embodiment, graphite is used instead of conductive activated carbon as the conductive carbon-based material. The particle size of graphite is less than 100 microns.
本实施例中,在厌氧反应器中引入垃圾厌氧消化产生的沼渣作为碳链生物延伸的启动菌剂。In this example, the biogas residue produced by the anaerobic digestion of waste is introduced into the anaerobic reactor as a starter inoculant for biological extension of the carbon chain.
本实施例中导电性炭基材料在厌氧反应器中的体积填充率为10%。In this embodiment, the volume filling rate of the conductive carbon-based material in the anaerobic reactor is 10%.
本实施例中,厌氧反应器的参数为:反应温度为40℃,pH 7,水力停留时间为8天。In this embodiment, the parameters of the anaerobic reactor are: the reaction temperature is 40° C., the pH is 7, and the hydraulic retention time is 8 days.
本实施例中,所述的低碳链有机酸原料为由污泥水解酸化后并经固液分离获得的澄清液体,该液体的乙酸、丙酸和丁酸质量总分数为液体中有机物总量的85%。In this embodiment, the low-carbon chain organic acid raw material is a clarified liquid obtained by hydrolysis and acidification of sludge and obtained by solid-liquid separation, and the total mass fraction of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in the liquid is the total amount of organic matter in the liquid 85%.
本实施例中,所述的电子供体反应物为氢气,且在低碳链有机酸原料和电子供体反应物的进料中,电子供体反应物的浓度为55mmol/L。In this embodiment, the electron donor reactant is hydrogen, and in the feed of the low-carbon chain organic acid raw material and the electron donor reactant, the concentration of the electron donor reactant is 55 mmol/L.
本实施例的方法中,启动菌剂中的碳链生物延伸微生物将乙酸、丙酸和丁酸转化为正己酸;且乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的转化率达90%以上。In the method of this embodiment, the carbon chain biological extension microorganisms in the inoculant are activated to convert acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid into n-hexanoic acid; and the conversion rate of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid is over 90%.
实施例4Example 4
参考图1,与实施例1不同之处在于:Referring to Figure 1, the difference from
本实施例中利用生物炭经改性后仍具有导电性的改性生物碳代替导电活性炭作为导电性炭基材料。改性生物碳的颗粒粒径为50微米。In this embodiment, the modified bio-carbon which still has conductivity after modification of the bio-char is used as the conductive carbon-based material instead of the conductive activated carbon. The particle size of the modified biochar is 50 microns.
本实施例中,在厌氧反应器中引入石油污染土壤作为碳链生物延伸的启动菌剂。In this embodiment, oil-contaminated soil is introduced into the anaerobic reactor as a starter agent for biological extension of carbon chains.
本实施例中导电性炭基材料在厌氧反应器中的体积填充率为25%。In this example, the volume filling rate of the conductive carbon-based material in the anaerobic reactor was 25%.
本实施例中,厌氧反应器的参数为:反应温度为60℃,pH 6,水力停留时间为10天。In this embodiment, the parameters of the anaerobic reactor are: the reaction temperature is 60° C., the pH is 6, and the hydraulic retention time is 10 days.
本实施例中,所述的低碳链有机酸原料为由畜禽粪便水解酸化后并经固液分离获得的澄清液体,该液体的乙酸、丙酸和丁酸质量总分数为液体中有机物总量的83%。In this embodiment, the low-carbon chain organic acid raw material is a clear liquid obtained by hydrolysis and acidification of livestock and poultry manure and obtained by solid-liquid separation, and the total mass fraction of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in the liquid is the total organic matter in the liquid. 83% of the amount.
本实施例中,所述的电子供体反应物为乳酸,且在低碳链有机酸原料和电子供体反应物的进料中,电子供体反应物的浓度为125mmol/L。In this embodiment, the electron donor reactant is lactic acid, and in the feed of the low-carbon chain organic acid raw material and the electron donor reactant, the concentration of the electron donor reactant is 125 mmol/L.
本实施例的方法中,启动菌剂中的碳链生物延伸微生物将乙酸、丙酸和丁酸转化为正己酸;且乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的转化率达90%以上。In the method of this embodiment, the carbon chain biological extension microorganisms in the inoculant are activated to convert acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid into n-hexanoic acid; and the conversion rate of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid is over 90%.
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。The foregoing description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate understanding and use of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments can be readily made, and the generic principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive step. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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